…(opp. saraṇa). See saraṇa^2.

• -vihārin (or araṇā-vihārin) [to be most likely…

A banyan tree in Uruvelā, on the banks of the Nerañjara, near the Bodhi tree. A week after the Enlightenment the Buddha went there and spent a week cross-legged at the foot of the tree. There he met …

BaliharaṇaBaliharana

A forest tract near Kusinārā where the Buddha is said to have stayed. AN.i.274 AN.v.79 The Kinti Sutta was preached there….

A group of thirty young men, converted by the Buddha.

They had gone picnicking with their wives in a forest glade between Bārāṇasi and Uruvelā. One of them had no wife, and for him they found a court …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

The inhabitants of the lowest deva world. his world derives its name from the Four Great Kings (Cattāro Mahārājāno) who dwell there as guardians of the four quarters: Dhataraṭṭha of the East, Virūḷh …

In the old Pāḷi literature the name Dakkhiṇāpatha would seem to indicate only a remote settlement or colony on the banks of the upper Godāvarī. Thus, we are told that Bāvarī had his hermitage in Dakkh …

A town in the Kuru country. In the Kurudhamma Jataka J.ii.365f; also J.iii.400; J.iv.361; J.v.457; J.vi.255; Cyp.i.3, Cyp.v.1, Dhananjaya Koravya, is mentioned as its king and as the owner of Anjanava …

A district in Jambudīpa; it is mentioned in a list of places passed by the Buddha on his way from Verañjā to Bārānasī, across the Ganges, the route passing through Verañjā, Soreyya, Sankassa, Kannakuj …

KaṇṇakujjaKaṇṇagocchakaKaṇṇagotta

A district in India. it is mentioned in a list of places passed by the Buddha on his way from Verañja to Bārāṇasī, across the Ganges, the route passing through Verañ …

The capital of the Mallas and the scene of the Buddha’s death. At that time it was a small city, “a branch-township with wattle-and-daub houses in the midst of the jungle,” and Ānanda was, at first …

KāsiKāsikaKāsigāmaKāsinigama

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 its capital being Bārāṇasī.

At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king …

MahākaccāyanaKaccāyanaMahākaccānaKaccāna

One of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered chief among expounders in full of the brief saying of the Buddha. AN.i.23 Several suttas illustrat …

MāraNamuciKaṇhaAdhipatiAntakaPamattabandhuPāpimā

Generally regarded as the personification of Death, the Evil One, the Tempter. Sometimes known as the Dark One (Kaṇha). Snp.355 MN.i.377 DN.ii.262 T …

A brahmin of Vesāli. The Aṅguttara Nikāya records a conversation between him and Kāraṇapālī. The latter meets Piṅgiyānī and, on learning that he was returning from a visit to the Buddha, asks him abou …

Son and successor of King Disampati. On the death of his father Reṇu, with the advice and co operation of his chief steward Jotipāla, who was also his great friend, divided his kingdom into seven part …

SarakāniSaraṇāni

A Sākyan. When he died the Buddha declared that he was a sotāpanna, bound for enlightenment. But many of the Sākyans spoke scornfully of him, saying that he had failed in the train …

She was the daughter of King Koñca of Mantāvatī. Her Therīgāthā verses, of which she has the greatest number of any of the nuns, speak of the emptiness of the home life and the advantages of going for …

Sundarīnandā¹

Younger sister of Thullanandā; she had two other sisters, Nandā and Nandavatī. Sāḷha Migāranattā seduced her, and she was proclaimed guilty of a Pārājika offence. Vin.iv.21 …

Sāḷha¹Migāranattā

He once visited Nandaka Thera with Pekkhuniya’s grandson, Rohana. AN.i.193f. He built a vihāra for the nuns and Sundarīndā was appointed to supervise the work. As a r …

VaraṇāVāraṇā

A city on the banks of the Kaddamadaha, where Ārāmadaṇḍa visited Mahākaccāna. AN.i.65

Avanti3town

A monk who was declared foremost in the gift of spontaneous poetic expression. AN.i.24

The Theragāthā contains numerous verses spoken by him on various occasions Thag.1208–1279 SN.i.183ff. Some of …

A city, capital of the Licchavis. It is not possible to know how many visits were paid by the Buddha to Vesāli, but the books would lead us to infer that they were several. Various Vinaya rules are me …

One of the nine aṅgas, into which the Dhamma was organized by way of literary style. It means “Answer” or “Explanation” and refers to discourses elaborated by way of question and answer.

A monk whose Theragāthā verses praise non-harming and seclusion. Thag.237–239

A brahmin. Once when Mahā Kaccāna was staying at Vāraṇā on the banks of the Kaddamadaha, Ārāmadaṇḍa came to see him and asked him why nobles quarrelled with nobles, brahmins with brahmins, and househo …

öregség és halál

menekvés, szabadulás

akadály

visiting, frequenting.

the arrow of desire

(or ~ā f.) continuous training

the settling of a case or dispute

1. subject of discussion or attention; case, legal question; dispute (in the saṅgha, to be formally dealt with).
2. cause.

one who causes disputes or lawsuits

(a method) of settling a case or dispute

subject to, vulnerable to, fire

(from ajjhoharati) bringing down or near.

the not doing, not making; abstention

absence of a cause or (a valid) reason; not a cause; not the case

giving sight; awakening

blinding; confusing

gradual training.

remembrance; repeated recollection.

who remembers.

legal question or case concerning support, or concerning a faction, or a legal question or case arising from censure or criticism

seeing without obstruction; with unobstructed sight

seeing without obstruction; with unobstructed sight

removing; taking (a ship) out from land (?):

(the place for) dealing with lawsuits; seat of judgment, courtroom

covering, carpet; laying out.

(& n.?) with the intention of stealing; (an intention to steal; ?)

(the place for) dealing with lawsuits; seats of judgment, courtroom

(~ī)n. producing sight or insight.

1. (m. n.) a foot.
2. (n.) behavior; conduct; esp. good and moral conduct.
3. (n.) a traveling picture, a painting on cloth which is carried around.

perfect in good conduct.

of good conduct.

of good conduct.

whose behavior is wroing; failing in good conduct.

, abstr. the suffusing or pervading the thoughts of others.

beneficial for clearing the thoughts of obstructions.

vulnerable to thieves.

, ~a., feminine the wearing of the (ascetic’s) robe; keeping a robe.

considering, planning (the making of robes)

threshing floor.

the death of a daughter or of daughters.

( ~ā, ī)n., n

1. (mfn.) weakening.
2. (n.f.) the weakening (of)

supporting a wife.

(the art of) causing or aiding conception.

inducing respect.

meeting, a joining, of or with old age and death.

wearing one’s hair in twisted locks.

1. (mfn.) covered with an excellent kadalimiga skin
2. (n.) an excellent seating-mat or (a bed with) an excellent covering of a kadalimiga skin

of excellent speech, having a fine speaking voice

torture, torment, pain; punishment

torture, torment, pain; punishment

obstruction by (past) actions

the act of making, doing, effecting; enacting.

yielding a pailful of milk; or with a metal milking-pail

kaṭhina

neuter a framework (covered with a mat) to which the cloth for making robes was attached while being sewn; esp. kaṭhinaṃ attharati

1. spreads or covers the kaṭhina, i.e. makes a robe u …

the covering of the kaṭhina ; the communal robe making and its ritual

…must be done; job, task. 2. (n.) see kiccādhikaraṇa

legal case or matter to be dealt with involving or connected with a formal act (of the saṅgha)

for what reason? why?

for what reason? why?

desire that is appetite, sensual appetite, appetite for sensual pleasure (the first of the nīvaraṇas and one of the saṃyojanas)

on account of desire, in consequence of desire

action; proper action; special action, task, feat.

kāraṇā¹

abl. because of; for the sake of (+gen. or ifc)

kāraṇā²

feminine torture, pain; punishment.

(from kāranā2) a torturer; an executioner.

or mfn. of naṅgala (a place) where there has been plowing (?)

legal question or case which has been settled.

without motive; disinterested

going out, departure; escape; separation (from), riddance; means, remedy to get rid of or counteract something.

indeclinable (temporary) expulsion; suspension.

, ~a, neuter

1. (from nissāraṇa)
2. involving suspension; (the formal act) connected with suspension.
3. to be got rid of?

1. getting across; escape from; finishing.
2. carrying out; accomplishing, dealing with.

warding off, keeping out, preventing; restraining; obstructing.

difference; distinction; separation.

producing a support, making for protection.

an obstacle, a hindrance (esp. five: kāmacchanda, vyāpāda, thīnamiddha, uddhaccakukkucca, vicikicchā); being a hindrance, which is an obstacle.

(~ī)n. robbing of strength or vitality.

going down (to), entering; approach; entrance.

bringing before the saṅgha, admitting; esp. re-admitting (a suspended bhikkhu) to the saṅgha; re-accepting (a layman, who had been disciplined).

descending; alighting; going down (into); entering.

covering, protection.

going across; passing over or beyond; floating; escaping.

1. (n.) lethargy and drowsiness (the third of the nivaraṇas)
2. (mfn.) drowsy and lethargic.

going across; going over.

“a covering of grass”, one of the seven adhikaraṇasamatha (method of setting a case or dispute)

lifting up, raising.

over-excitement and anxious agitation; flurry and worry (the fourth of the nīvaraṇas)

drawing out, pulling out; picking out; selection; removal; raising.

of a vinā, perhaps the head or finger-holds.

useful object; means, instrument, implement; requisite.

coming out of; crossing over.

(~ī)n. producing knowledge or understanding.

ornament; decoration.

light-giving, illuminitating

pervasion or pervading with light or insight

wearing garlands and ornaments.

the feat of immovability (or a trained elephant)

the feat of immovability (or a trained elephant)

legal case or dispute concerning an offense

as a consequence of guarding or holding fast

(& m) covering, enclosing; shutting off; an obstruction, hindrance, prohibition; barricade, wall, dam.

? obstructs; prohibits

(from āvaraṇa) belonging to or causing obstruction; obstructive.

Abhibhāyatana: the 8 ‘stages of mastery’, are powers to be obtained by means of the kasina-exercises see: kasina. In the Com. to M. 77, where āyatana is explained by ‘means’ kārana it is sa …

Akusala-sādhārana-cetasika: Universal, general or primary disadvantageous mental properties associated with all disadvantageous intentions: These are four; 1: Lack of moral shame ahirika, 2: L …

[[answering questions]]Answering questions: 4 ways of: see: pañhā-byākarana

Anussati: ‘recollection’, reflection, meditation, contemplation. The six recollections often described in the Suttas e.g. A. VI, 10, 25; D. 33 are:

1: Recollection of the Buddha, *buddhānussati …

Association: sampayutta-paccaya is one of the 24 conditional relations paccaya. *

Asubha:* Impurity, loathsomeness, foulness, disgust. - In Vis.M VI, it is the cemetery contemplations * …

Avijjā: I gnorance, nescience, the blindness of not knowing, is synonymous with confusion moha (see mūla ), is the primary & deepest root of all evil and suffering in the world, veiling man’s …

Bhavanga-sota: and Bhavanga-citta: The first term may tentatively be rendered as the ‘undercurrent forming the condition of being, or existence’, and the second as ‘subconsciousness’, though …

Bhāvanā: ‘mental development’ lit. ‘calling into existence, producing’ is what in English is generally but rather vaguely called ‘meditation’. One has to distinguish 2 kinds: development of tranqu …

Carana: see: vijjā-carana.

Chanda: intention, desire, will.

1. As an ethically neutral psychological term, in the sense of ‘intention’, it is one of those general mental properties cetasika Tab. II taught in th …

Escape: nissarana see: pahāna.

Hindrances: the 5: nīvarana

Ill-will: vyāpāda is a synonym of dosa see: mūla and patigha and is one of the 10 mental chains samyojana, 5 hindrances nīvarana and 10 disadvantageous courses of action see: *kamma \ …

Jhāna: ‘absorption’ meditation refers chiefly to the four meditative absorptions of the fine-material sphere rūpa-jjhāna or rūpāvacara - jjhāna avacara They are achieved through the att …

Pahāna: ‘overcoming’, abandoning. There are 5 kinds of overcoming: 1 overcoming by repression vikkhambhana-pahāna i.e. the temporary suspension of the 5 hindrances nīvarana during the absorpt …

Paticcasamuppāda: ‘dependent origination’, is the doctrine of the conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena, a doctrine which, together with that of impersonality anattā, forms the …

Patigha: - 1. In an ethical sense, it means: ‘repugnance’, grudge, resentment, anger, and is a synonym of vyāpāda, ill-will’ see: nīvarana and dosa ‘hate’ see: mūla It is one of the late …

Pañhā-byākarana: ‘answering questions’.;There are, o Bhikkhus, 4 ways of answering questions: there are questions requiring a direct answer; questions requiring an explanation; questions to be an …

[[progress of the disciple]]Progress of the disciple: Gradual development of the 8-fold path in the: In many suttas occurs an identical passage that outlines the gradual course of development in …

Puñña: merit, meritorious, is a popular term for kammically advantageous kusala action. Opposite terms: apuñña = demerit. pāpa = ‘bad’, ‘evil’. The value of meritorious action is often stres …

Thīna-middha: ‘lethargy and Laziness’ or ‘lethargy and laziness’, constitute the 3rd of the 5 hindrances nīvarana. They may or may not, be associated with greedy consciousness see: Tab. 23. 25, …

Ti-sarana: ‘Threefold Refuge’, in which every faithful adherent of the Buddha puts his whole trust, consists in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha see: prec..

The Buddha, or Enlightened One, …

…month (by means of a charm) DN.i.11 (= mantena mukhato aggi-jala-nīharaṇaṃ DN-a.i.97).

abhi + ud + jalana, from jval

…The answer is “thieves”, so we can scarcely take it in meaning of 2 or 3. The C. has vināsa-karaṇaṃ.

etym. unknown, orig. meaning…

…SN.i.18, SN.i.32, SN.i.121 (maraṇaṃ); SN.iv.71 (rāgadose), SN.i.117 (kodhaṃ), SN.i.246, SN.i.249 (sāmikaṃ); Ja.i.56 Ja.i.280; Pv-a.94 (=…

strenuousness, exertion, strong endeavour Ja.vi.373 (viriyakaraṇa C.).

abhi + jīhanā of jeh to open ones mouth

…(devaloka˚), Ja.i.223 (varaṇa-rukkha˚); Ja.ii.3 (nagara˚), Ja.ii.416 (Jetavana˚); Dhp-a.i.170 (tad˚); Dhp-a.ii.89 (nagara˚); Pv-a.3…

…antarāyakārī Snp-a.390).

abhi + paharaṇa

adverb repeatedly, continuous, often MN.i.442 (˚āpattika a habitual offender), MN.i.446 (˚kāraṇa continuous practice); Snp.335 (˚saṃvāsa continuous living together); Ja.i.190; Pp.32; Dhp-a.ii.239; Vv …

…accharāpaharaṇa-yoggaṃ that which happens without a moment’s notice, at the snap of a finger; i.e. causally unconnected…

Adhicca¹

learning, studying, learning by heart Ja.iii.218, Ja.iii.327 = Ja.iv.301; Ja.iv.184 (vede = adhīyitvā C.), Ja.iv.477 (sajjhāyitvā C.); Ja.vi.213; Mil.164.

ger. of adhi + eti, se …

…on the r. s.). Kimâdhikaraṇaṃ why, on account of what Ja.iv.4 (= kiṃkāraṇaṃ) yatvâdhikaraṇaṃ (yato adhi˚) by reason of what,…

one who has to do with the settling of disputes or questions, a judge AN.v.164, AN.v.167.

fr. adhikaraṇa

smith’s anvil Ja.iii.285; Dāvs iii.16 sq.; Dhs-a.263.

to adhikaraṇa 1, orig. meaning “serving, that which serves, i.e. instrument”

Adhipāta¹

splitting, breaking, only in phrase muddhā˚; head-splitting Snp.988 sq., Snp.1004, Snp.1025 (variant reading Nd ii.˚vipāta).

adhipāteti

Adhipāta²

a moth Snp.964. …

…(= adho dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ) Dhs-a.404.

• -sākhaṃ (+ uddhamūlaṃ) branches down (roots up, i.e. uprooted) Dhp-a.i.75. *…

…DN.i.4 (= parassa haraṇaṃ theyyaṃ corikā ti vuttaṃ hoti DN-a.i.71); DN.iii.68 sq., DN.iii.82, DN.iii.92, DN.iii.181 sq.;…

…a˚, paññā˚). -paricaraṇa (-ṭṭhāna) the place where the (sacrificial) fire is attended to Dhp-a.i.199…

…adhigacchi); Iti.69 (jātimaraṇaṃ); Dhp.154 (taṇhānaṃ khayaṃ); Vv.32#7 (visesaṃ attained distinction; expl^d. at Vv-a.135…

Err:509

adjective constant, durable, lasting DN.iii.86. As tt. for one of 4 branches of Vedic learning (DN.i.88) it is Phonetics which probably included Grammar, and is explained by sikkhā …

doing up, fitting out, ornamentation Ja.i.60.

alaṃ + karaṇa, fr. alankaroti

adjective adorning, embellishing, decorating Dhp-a.i.410.

fr. alankaraṇa

…out Dhp.142 (= vatthâbharaṇa-paṭimaṇḍita Dhp-a.iii.83); Pv.ii.3#6; Vv.1#1; Ja.iii.392; Ja.iv.60. 2. “done enough” (see…

…pavatta-kāya-kilesa Snp-a.291); Ja.v.80 (= amaraṇa-sabhāva) Ja.v.218; Dāvs v.62.

a + mara from mṛ.

…abhāvena Vv-a.337).

• -karaṇa blinding, making blind, causing bewilderment (fig.), confusing Iti.82 (+ acakkhukaraṇa)…

…(explained by Thag-a.65 as lāmaka va Māra, thus taken anta²); Dhp.48 (= maraṇa-sankhāto antako Dhp-a.ii.366), Dhp.288 (=…

adjective Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between” as adj. “inner”; in prep. use & in compounds “inside, in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides …

…(cp. antara˚)

• -maraṇa premature death Dhp-a.i.409; Pv-a.136.
• -muttaka one who is…

flashing through, pervading Mil.148.

anu + pharaṇa

adjective following in one’s turn, successive, gradual, by and by, regular Vin.ii.237 (mahāsamuddo a˚-ninno etc.); DN.i.184; Snp.511; Ja.v.155 (regularly formed, of ūrū). Cases adverbially: *[anupubb …

disputing, quarrelling(?) Vin.ii.88 (under anuvādâdhikaraṇa).

anu + saṃ + pavankatā; is reading correct?

remembrance, memory, recollection Iti.107 (= anussati at id. p. SN.v.67) Pv-a.25, Pv-a.29.

abstr. to anussarati

…plus ānāpāna-sati, maraṇa-sati, kāyagatā-sati upasamānussati) at AN.i.30, AN.i.42 (cp. Lal.34). For other references see DN.i.81;…

…MN.i.368.

• -adhikaraṇa a question or case of censure Vin.ii.88 sq.; Vin.iii.164 (one of the 4 adhikaraṇāni,…

…Ja.vi.88; Mil.180, Mil.234 (˚ṃ karoti), Mil.377 (pūjana +); Snp-a.332 (˚karaṇa). Cp. apacāyana.

Vedic apaciti in diff. meaning, viz….

Err:509

adjective having no support Ja.iii.386 (f. -ī; C. appatiṭṭhā appaṭisaraṇā).

a + parāyin, cp. parāyana

…Dhs.1059, Dhs.1136 (= ālayakaraṇa-vasena apekkhatī ti apekkhā Dhs-a.365, cp. Dhs trsl. 279). Freq. as adj. (-˚or in comb^n.…

…Dhs.1059, Dhs.1136 (= ālayakaraṇa-vasena apekkhatī ti apekkhā Dhs-a.365, cp. Dhs trsl. 279). Freq. as adj. (-˚or in comb^n.…

that which is tied on, i.e band, ornament, apparel, parure Vv.64#10, Vv.64#18 (expl^d. inacurately at Vv-a.279 by; a-kāro nipātamattaṃ, pilandhanaṃ = ābhāraṇaṃ); Ja.vi.472 (c. pilandhituṃ …

non-obstruction, not hindering not opposing or contradicting AN.i.50; AN.iii.41; AN.v.93 sq. adj. Ja.i.326.

a + paṭivāṇa, for ˚vrāṇa, the guṇa-form of vṛ; cp. Sk. prativāraṇa

…put to, fixed on Ja.vi.78 (maraṇamukhe); visappita (an arrow to which) poison (is) applied, so read for visap(p)īta at Ja.v.36 & Vism.303.;…

the spoke of a wheel DN.ii.17 (sahass’ âra adj with thousand spokes), cp. Mil.285; Ja.iv.209; Ja.vi.261; Mil.238; Dhp-a.ii.142; Vv-a.106 (in allegorical etym of arahant = saṃsāra-cakkassa arānaṃ ha …

…sq.

Vedic araṇya; from araṇa, remote, + ya. In the Rig V. araṇya still means remoteness (opp. to amā at home). In the Ath V. it has come…

Asabbhin = asabbha

Ja.i.494, more freq. in compounds as asabbhi˚; e.g.

• -kāraṇa a low or sinful act Mil.280.
• -rūpa low, common Ja.vi.386 (= asādhu-jātik …

Asabbhin = asabbha

Ja.i.494, more freq. in compounds as asabbhi˚; e.g.

• -kāraṇa a low or sinful act Mil.280.
• -rūpa low, common Ja.vi.386 (= asādhu-jātik …

not coming together, not meeting, separation Ja.v.233.

a + samosaraṇa

adjective not general, not shared, uncommon, unique Vin.iii.35 Kp.viii.9; Ja.i.58, Ja.i.78; Mil.285; DN-a.i.71; Sdhp.589, Sdhp.592.

a + sādhāraṇa cp. asādhāraṇa Divy.561

number 80 (on symbolical meaning & freq. application see; aṭṭha¹ B 1 c, where also most of the ref’s In addition we mention the foll.:) Ja.i.233 (˚hattha 80 hands, i.e. 80 cubits deep); J …

transgression Pv-a.159.

fr. aticarati

…against, transgression Dhp.191; Dhs.299; Pv-a.154 (katipayayojan˚), Pv-a.159 (˚caraṇa sinful mode of life); Mil.158 (dur˚ hard to…

…cp. Kp-a.132.

• -saraṇa see ˚dipa.
• -sukha happiness of oneself, self-success Dpvs.i.66, cp….

…Vin.iii.149 Mil.321

• -karaṇa the business of trying a case, holding court, giving judgment (variant reading aṭṭa˚) DN.ii.20 SN.i.74…

covering, carpet, cover, rug Vin.ii.291; AN.ii.56; AN.iii.53; Mhvs.3, Mhvs.20; Mhvs.15, Mhvs.40 Mhvs.25, Mhvs.102; Thag-a.22.

fr. attharati

…(cp. accaya 2; SN.i.97 (maraṇaṃ an˚ not free from death), SN.i.121 (sabbavera-bhaya˚); AN.ii.21; AN.iii.346 (sabbasaṃyojana˚); Snp.373…

being familiar with, dealing with, occupation Ja.ii.95.

fr. avacarati 1

calling attention to, affirmation, emphasis; as t.t. used by C’s in explanation of evaṃ at DN-a.i.27; and of kho at Pv-a.11, Pv-a.18.

Cp. Sk. avadhāraṇa, fr. ava + dhṛ.

(-˚) taking away, removal; theft Pv-a.47 (sāṭaka˚), Pv-a.92 (soka˚).

fr. avaharati in both meanings

…Dhs.553; Snp-a.417 (˚pharaṇa); Pv-a.71 (˚ato, adv. altogether not leaving anything out); & sāvasesa leaving…

setting in array, deploying (of an army) Ja.ii.104 (of a robber-band), Ja.ii.336.

fr. avattharati

Err:508

…Snp.277, Snp.729 (jāti-maraṇa-saṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ… avijjāy’eva sā gati), Snp.730, Snp.1026, Snp.1033 (avijjāya…

adjective unobstructed, unhindered, free. Of a woman, not married Ja.v.213 (= apetâvaraṇā, which read for ˚bharaṇā, apariggahitā C.).

a + vāvaṭa

…Dhp-a.i.181.

• -saraṇa (an˚) not betaking oneself to others for refuge, i.e. of independent, sure knowledge…

…pahūta vittūpakaraṇa etc.). Thus at DN.i.115, DN.i.134, DN.i.137; DN.iii.163 Pp.52; Dhp-a.i.3; Vv-a.322; Pv-a.3, Pv-a.78 etc. In…

…the 5 hindrances ‣See nīvaraṇa and

• pañcanga-samannāgato i.e. endowed with the 5 good qualities, viz. the…

…Ja.i.109 (= manussānan sañcaraṇa-ṭṭhāne anāvaṭe bhūmibhāge C.); Ja.ii.243, Ja.ii.290 Ja.ii.357; Dāvs i.27
■ cetiy˚; an open…

Aṅka¹

= anga, sign, mark, brand Mil.79; -karana branding Ja.iv.366, Ja.iv.375. See also anketi.

Aṅka²

1. a hook Ja.v.322 Ja.vi.218 (variant reading BB anga)
2. the lap (i.e. …

…Dhs-a.406 (= punappuna-karaṇa); -karoti to take up seriously, to practise, devote oneself to (acc.) MN.i.454; AN.i.275; AN.iii.79;…

…e.g. dubbalīkaraṇa making weak MN.iii.4; Pp.59, Pp.68; -karaṇin id. DN.iii.183
■ adj. bala strong…

…Ja.v.103 sq.

• -haraṇa taking oblations AN.v.79 (˚vanasaṇḍa).

cp. Vedic bali; regarding etym. Grassmann…

1. kinsman, member of a clan or family, relative AN.iii.44; Snp.60 (pl. bandhavāni in poetry; cp. Cnd.455); Dhp.288 (pl. bandhavā) Ja.ii.316; Ja.v.81; DN-a.i.243.
2. (-˚) one who is connected with o …

…Iti.90; DN-a.i.96 (˚karaṇa)
■ bhaga (in verse “bhagehi ca vibhattavā” in exegesis of word “Bhagava”) at…

…Ja.iii.99; Vism.26 (˚karaṇa); Snp-a.412. Der. bhākuṭika (q.v.). See also…

bearing, supporting, maintenance Dhtm.346 (in explⁿ of bhṛ;) Abhp.1053.

fr. bhṛ; Epic Sk. bharaṇa

…̈ωξος sand; Lat. sabulum sand. The Dhtp.326 & Dhtm.452 explain; bhas by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes,” a pp. of it is bhasita; it…

…̈ωξος sand; Lat. sabulum sand. The Dhtp.326 & Dhtm.452 explain; bhas by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes,” a pp. of it is bhasita; it…

…to ashes, cp. bhasmī-karaṇa s. v. bhasma, etc.

II. Meanings.

In general the meaning “to become, to get” prevails, but many…

…parisa-sārajja˚, maraṇa˚, duggati˚, explained at Vb-a.505 sq.), Vb.376 (4: jāti˚, jarā˚, vyādhi˚, maraṇa˚), Vb.367 (3:…

…property Ja.vi.348; ābharaṇa˚ trinkets, jewelry Ja.iii.221; piya˚ best goods, treasure Ja.iii.279; bahu˚ having many goods, rich in…

…Ja.v.41; Ja.vi.10.

• -caraṇa the carrying round of the drum (in proclamations), in compounds ˚magga the proclamation…

…& cp. Sk. bukkati,…

…Ja.vi.354 (C.: bhun-karaṇa). See also bhussati.

fr. onomat. root *bhukk, dialectical, cp. Prk. bhukkai to bark,…

…Pv-a.33.

-attharaṇa “earth-spread,” a ground covering, mat carpet Vin.i.48; Vin.ii.208; Vin.iv.279….

taking food, act of eating, feasting Ja.iv.371 (˚kāraṇa); Pv-a.184.

• -kāla meal-time Dhp-a.i.346.

fr. bhuñjati¹

…barking Ja.vi.355 (˚sunakha) variant reading bhu-bhukka-sadda-karaṇa.

bhu + kṛ; see bhukka

…Snp.427 (sahassa-bhāgo maraṇassa = sahassaṃ bhāgānaṃ assā ti Snp-a.387; a thousand times a share of death, i.e. very near death,…

…[read bhakuṭi]-karaṇaṃ mukha-saṅkoco ti vuttaṃ hoti.“ It occurs in stock phrase bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā…

…vālikāya uddharaṇaṃ; pabbataṃ pīḷetvā rasassa nīharaṇaṃ. 4. (fig.) in metaphors for the burden of (the factors of…

…(= citta Snp-a.374) asaraṇa˚; state of not remembering Dhp-a.iii.121; samaṇa˚ condition of a recluse Snp.551 4. forms of…

…Vb.199, Vb.325; Vism.130 (karaṇa, bhāvanā, rakkhaṇa; here bh. = bringing out, keeping in existence), Vism.314 (karuṇā˚), Vism.317…

…of…

Brāhmaṇa¹

a member of the Brahman caste; a Br teacher. In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure, sinless & ascetic life, often even syn. with arahant
■ On brāhmaṇas …

increaser; one who practises, is devoted to; in phrase brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ frequenter of solitary places; given up to solitary meditation MN.i.33, MN.i.213.

n. ag. of brūheti

…Sammāsambuddho vijjā-caraṇa-sampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisa-damma-sārathi Satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho Bhagavā…

ill-will, malevolence, one of the 5 “obstructions” (āvaraṇāni, see e.g. SN.v.94 Cnd.379); and of the 4 “bonds” (kāya-ganthā see e.g. Mnd.98)
■ MN.i.434; SN.i.99; Iti.119; Pts.i.31; Pts.ii.12 Mnd.1 …

adjective of Benares, coming fr. B. (a kind of muslin) DN.ii.110; DN.iii.260.

fr. Bārāṇasī

…-karaṇa (always in combination w. ñāṇa-karaṇa) producing (right) insight (and knowledge) Iti.82 (of…

…(q.v.)-See also cara, caraṇa, cariyā, cāraka, cārikā, cārin.

Meaning:

1. Lit.
   1. to move about, to walk, travel etc.; almost…

…Snp.536; Mil.24. sampannacaraṇa (adj.) accomplished in right behaviour SN.i.153 SN.i.166; Snp.1126; Pv.ii.13#8
■ Cp. sañ˚.

of a deer,…

adjective one of good conduct (= sampannacaraṇa) Snp.533, Snp.536.

…wilful murder); maraṇacetanā intention of death Dhp-a.i.20; āhār’ āsā cetanā intention consisting in deśire for food…

…to carry out SN.ii.65. maraṇaṃ ākankhati cetayati (ponders over) SN.i.121; acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni AN.ii.80; cetabba-rūpa (a fit…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

…is defined at Dhtp.382, Dhtp.406 as “dvedhākaraṇa”

…to carry out SN.ii.65. maraṇaṃ ākankhati cetayati (ponders over) SN.i.121; acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni AN.ii.80; cetabba-rūpa (a fit…

…samalehi c.); SN.iii.151 (caraṇaṃ nāma cittaṃ citten’ eva c.); Pv.ii.6#13 (mantaṃ brahma˚, expl. Pv-a.97 by kathitaṃ) 2. (nt.) a…

…a counterpane of many colours (DN-a.i.86 cittikā: vāna citra-uṇṇā-may attharaṇaṃ) Vin.i.192; Vin.ii.163, Vin.ii.169; DN.i.7;…

…of mind Cnd.576 (˚karaṇa) -ujjukatā rectitude of mind Dhs.51, Dhs.277, etc.; -uppāda the rise of a thought,…

…a counterpane of many colours (DN-a.i.86 cittikā: vāna citra-uṇṇā-may attharaṇaṃ) Vin.i.192; Vin.ii.163, Vin.ii.169; DN.i.7;…

…more various, more varied. SN.iii.151 sq
■ a punning passage, thus: by the procedure (caraṇa) of mind (in the past) the present mind…

thief, a robber Vin.i.74, Vin.i.75, Vin.i.88, Vin.i.149; SN.ii.100, SN.ii.128 = AN.ii.240; SN.ii.188 (gāmaghāta, etc.); SN.iv.173; MN.ii.74 = Thag.786; AN.i.48; AN.ii.121 sq.; AN.iv.92, AN.iv.278; Snp …

adjective = cāraka Snp.162 (saṃsuddha˚).

v.v. vāraṇika Thag.1129? a little play, masque, cp. Sk cāraṇa & Mrs. Rh. D.; Pss of the Brethren, 419.

…as such Vism.21.

• -āvaraṇa the lip (lit. protector of teeth Ja.iv.188; Ja.vi.590; Dhp-a.i.387.
• -ullahakaṃ…

Dasa¹

the number ten; gen dasannaṃ (Dhp.137); instr. dasahi (Kp iii.) & dasabhi (Vin.i.38). In compounds (-˚) also as ḷasa (soḷasa 16) rasa (terasa 13; pannar˚ 15; aṭṭhār˚ 18).

I. *M …

…Ja.iv.219 daḷhīkaraṇa steadiness, perseverance Snp-a.290 (+ ādhāraṇatā), Snp-a.398 (id). In compounds also daḷhi˚ viz….

…MN.i.305; DN.iii.229;

• -saraṇa relying on or putting one’s faith in the Dh. (see above C 3) DN.iii.58 DN.iii.77;…

…uppāda-vaya˚ DN.ii.157; maraṇa˚ (= maraṇadhamma) AN.i.147; pāpa Pv.i.11#7 of evil nature.

Sk. dharmin

Dhammin²

(-˚) only…

adjective bearing, holding, comprising Vv-a.104 (suvaṇṇassa pañcadasa˚ nikkha holding, i.e. worth or equal to 15 parts of gold)
■ f. -ī bearing, i.e. pregnant with Snp.26 (of cows: *godharaṇiyo …

…progress (vāra, nīvaraṇa). The word is rare. In one constantly repeated passage (Vin.i.45 = Vin.i.305 = Vin.ii.2 = Vin.iii.21 =…

…Vism.77; DN-a.i.112 (maraṇaṃ apassanto dh.), DN-a.i.150 (= thāvara); Dhp-a.iii.170 (adhuvaṃ jīvitaṃ dhuvaṃ maraṇaṃ);…

1. wearing, in mālā˚ (etc.) DN.i.5 = AN.ii.210 = Pp.58; Kp-a.37 cīvara˚ AN.ii.104 = Pp.45.
2. maintaining, sustaining keeping up Mil.320 (āyu˚ bhojana).
3. bearing in mind, remembrance Vin.iv.305; MN …

1. a debtor (see dhāreti 4) Ja.ii.203; Ja.iv.45.
2. a mnemonician Mil.79.

der. fr. dhāraṇa

1. wearing, being dressed with (= dhāraṇa 1) Mil.257.
2. mindfulness (= dhāraṇa 3) Cnd.628; Dhs.14.

1. memory Mil.79.
2. the earth (“the upholder,” cp. dharaṇī) Ja.vi.180.

to dhāraṇa

one who causes others to remember, an instructor, teacher (cp. dhāraṇaka) AN.iv.196 (sotā sāvetā uggahetā dh.).

n. ag. to dhāreti 3

unruliness indocility, bad conduct, fractiousness SN.ii.204 sq (˚karaṇā dhammā); MN.i.95 (id. specified); AN.ii.147 AN.iii.178; Ne.40, Ne.127.

contamination of Sk. *daurvacasya evil speech & *daurv …

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

…tevācika, saying the whole saraṇa-formula), Vin.i.4; Ja.i.81; -sattaratta twice seven nights, a fortnight [cp. Sk….

…cp. AN.iii.41

• -upakaraṇa means or materials for a gift Pv-a.105
• -upapatti (read uppatti at DN.iii.258) an object suitable for…

adjective strong, firm, severe harsh, cruel, pitiless SN.i.101; SN.ii.226; Snp.244; Dhp.139; Ja.iii.34; Pv.iv.3#6 (= ghora Pv-a.251); Mil.117 (vāta) Pv-a.24, Pv-a.52 (= ghora), Pv-a.159 (sapatha a …

…combined w. tāṇa lena & saraṇa & expl. in Com by patiṭṭhā)-

1. lit. island: SN.v.219; Ja.iii.187; Vv-a.19; Mhvs.vii.7, Mhvs.vii.41
   …

…dasaṃ uṇṇāmay’ attharaṇaṃ keci ekato uggata-pupphan ti vadanti DN-a.i.87) Vin.i.192; Vin.ii.163, Vin.ii.169; AN.i.181. 2. (fig.)…

…Ja.i.62;

• -pariharaṇa = next Vism.500;
• -parihāra “the protection of the…

…acc.:* Bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi “I entrust myself to Bh.” Vin.i.16-Cp. also phrases as atthangacchati to go home, to set, to…

…being on the road Pv-a.43; saraṇa˚ finding shelter (in the Dhamma) Pv-a.49. 2. (adj.) (-˚) going or leading to, conducive to: nibbāna˚…

…expl. as ārammaṇa-karaṇa-vasena ganthehi ganthitabba Dhs-a.69; dhammā g˚ ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties”…

…expl. as ārammaṇa-karaṇa-vasena ganthehi ganthitabba Dhs-a.69; dhammā g˚ ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties”…

…yo ca Buddhaṃ… saraṇaṃ gato (cp. gacchati 4) Dhp.190; attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gato he went to his domicile Ja.i.280; Ja.ii.160;…

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

˚Gavesaka

adjective from next looking for, seeking Ja.i.176 (kāraṇa˚); Ja.ii.3 (aguṇa˚).

1. 1. in special sense: a meeting or a chapter of (two or three bhikkhus, a company (opposed both to sangha, the order & puggala, the individual) Vin.i.58, Vin.i.74, Vin.i.195, Vin.i.197 Vin.ii.170, V …

…g. to be born Ja.i.149; maraṇaṃ g. to die Ja.i.151 mūlena g. to buy Ja.iii.126; vacanaṃ g. to obey Ja.iii.276 (in neg.). The ger….

…g. to be born Ja.i.149; maraṇaṃ g. to die Ja.i.151 mūlena g. to buy Ja.iii.126; vacanaṃ g. to obey Ja.iii.276 (in neg.). The ger….

…riches Thig.327 (= upakaraṇa Thag-a.234);

• -sita (*śrita) = ˚nissita, connected with worldly life (opp. nekkhamma,…

…of the Scriptures in their ninefold division, beginning suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ See under; navaṅga.

grd….

…rassa daṇḍaka-paharaṇa kīḷā, tip-cat); Vin.ii.10 Vin.iii.181; MN.i.266; AN.v.203; Mil.229. 3. a stack of twigs SN.ii.178,…

proclaimed, announced; renowned Ja.i.50 (of festival), Ja.i.425 (nakkhattaṃ); Ja.ii.248 (ussava); Pv.ii.8#2 (dūra˚ of wide renown, world-famed of Bārāṇasī); Dhp-a.iii.100 (chaṇe ghuṭṭhe when the fai …

…sense SN.v.218; Vb.319; -caraṇa pasturing Ja.vi.335; -ṭṭha (nt.) [Sk. goṣṭha to sthā to stand; cp. Lat….

…guh, gūhati to hide (q.v.) Dhtp.337: saṃvaraṇa

… ■ water Vin.i.226. -karaṇa a sugar factory ibid. Vin.i.210. -pūvaka sweet cake Mhvs.10–Mhvs.13…

… ■ The Dhtm explains har laconically by “haraṇa”

taking, seizing, removing Ja.i.117, Ja.i.118, Ja.i.232; DN-a.i.71. kucchi˚; n. filling of the belly Ja.i.277 -bhatta a meal to take along Dhp-a.ii.144.

fr. hṛ.

goods in transit, movable goods Vin.iii.51.

fr. haraṇa

…wax from the ear Vin.ii.135. Cp. hāraka.

fr. haraṇa

…˚āva˚); Pp.55 -ābharaṇa bracelet Vin.ii.106. -ābhijappana (nt.) incantations to make a man throw up his…

1. cause, reason, condition SN.i.134; AN.iii.440 sq.; Dhs.595, Dhs.1053; Vism.450 Tikp.11, Kp.233, Kp.239. In the older use paccaya and hetu are almost identical …

indeclinable an exclamation of surprise or wonder Ja.vi.529 (C. hin ti kāraṇaṃ).

hiṃ = hi, + kāra, i.e. the syllable “hiṃ”

…growling, grumbling Vism.105. huṅkaroti to grumble Dhp-a.i.173. huṅkaraṇa = ˚kāra Dhp-a.i.173 sq See also…

…category; name of the first sections of the Netti Pakaraṇa Ne.1 sq., Ne.195.

fr. harati

…Vism.230 (˚upaccheda = maraṇa). See also under itthi, jīvita & purisa 3. sensational (above B 10–14): SN.v.207 sq. (see Cpd. 111 & cp….

…Ja.vi.63 (= anāsaka-maraṇa; Fsb. has note: read ajuṭṭha˚?) ˚mārika AN.iv.287 (variant reading ajeṭṭha˚).

for jaddhuṃ, inf….

…Frequently combined with maraṇa (maccu, etc.) “decay death” (see under jāti as to formulas): ˚maraṇa DN.ii.31 sq.;…

…hide (worn by ascetics) Snp.1010 (˚dhara), cp. above Ja.i.12;

• -dharaṇa the wearing of matted hair…

1. light, splendour, radiance SN.i.93; AN.ii.85; Vv.16#2.
2. a star: see compounds
3. fire SN.i.169; Thag.415; Ja.iv.206; sajotibhūta set on fire SN.ii.260; AN.iii.407 sq.; Ja.i.232.

• *-[parāyaṇa]( …

watchfulness, vigilance SN.i.3.

cp. Sk. jāgaraṇa

means for waking or keeping awake Mil.301.

der. fr. jāgara

…maccānaṃ niccaṃ maraṇato bhayaṃ); jātena maccena kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahuṃ Dhp.53 = Mil.333; yakkhinī jātâsi (born a G….

…saṃsāraṃ jātimaraṇagāmino AN.ii.12 = AN.ii.52 jātimaraṇasaṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ… avijjāy’ eva sā gati…

…a song Ja.vi.410 -karaṇa making poems DN-a.i.95; and -kāra a poet Kh.21; Ja.vi.410.

cp. Sk….

…Vv-a.316 (explained as maraṇa, cp. kaṭuka).

old form of interr. pron. nt., equal to kiṃ; cp. (Vedic) kad in…

…and -pavara-pacc. attharaṇa (nt.) the hide of the k. deer, used as a rug or cover DN.i.7 = AN.i.181 = Vin.i.192 = Vin.ii.163, Vin.ii.169;…

…up a quarrel Ja.vi.45 -karaṇa quarrelling, fighting Ja.v.413; -kāraka (f
■ ī quarrelsome,…

…k˚, mudu-citta, vinīvaraṇa˚, udagga˚ etc. DN.i.110 = DN.i.148 = DN.ii.41 = AN.iv.209 = Vin.i.16 = Vin.ii.156; Vv-a.53, Vv-a.286;…

…Ja.v.204;

• -vākkaraṇa, usually comb. with ˚vāca, of pleasant conversation, of good address or enunciation,…

…(appl. to a wife); -karaṇa 1 working, labour, service Ja.iii.219; Pv-a.120; DN-a.i.168 2 the effects of karma…

…takes the place of ˚karaṇa, and Ja.iii.314, where it is represented by massu-kutti (C.: massukiriya). Cp. also DN-a.i.137 a˚ Negative…

1. (adj.)
   1. that ought to be, must or should be done, to be done, to be made (= kātabbaṃ karaṇârahaṃ Kp-a.236) Vin.i.58; DN.i.3, cp. Mil.183; AN.v.210; DN-a.i.7. Often-˚ in the sense of “doing …

…Ja.iii.270.

• -karaṇa ploughing, tilling of the field Pv-a.66;
• -khetta a place for…

whip Vin.i.99 (in Uddāna); MN.i.87, etc.; Dhp.143; Mil.197
■ -kasāhi tāḷeti to whip lash, flog as punishment for malefactors here, as well as in Niraya (see kamma-karaṇā) MN.i …

…Ja.iii.270.

• -karaṇa ploughing, tilling of the field Pv-a.66;
• -khetta a place for…

…Vv-a.319; DN-a.i.2; -maraṇa after dying i.e. dead Pv-a.29; -massu-kamma after having his beard done Ja.v.309 (see note to ii.1 b)
…

(& -kattika) Name of a month (Oct
■ Nov.), during which the full moon is near the constellation of Pleiades It is the last month of the rainy season, terminating on the full moon day of Kattikā ( …

1. bronze Mil.2 magnified by late commentators occasionally into silver or gold. Thus Ja.vi.504 (silver) and Ja.i.338; Ja.iv.107 Ja.vi.509 (gold), considered more suitable to a fairy king
2. a bronze …

…SN.iv.350.

• -vitaraṇa overcoming of doubt Mil.233; Dhs-a.352, ˚visuddhi complete purification in…

1. the portion of a stalk or cane between one knot and another; the whole stalk or shaft; the shaft of an arrow, an arrow in general MN.i.429 (two kinds of arrows: kaccha & ropima, cp kaṇḍa-cittaka); …

strip of cloth used to mark the kaṭhina robe, in -karaṇa Vin.i.254, and -ka Vin.i.290.

1. throat AN.iv.131; Ja.v.448; Mil.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati, is hoarse); Pv-a.280 (akkharāni mahatā kaṇṭhena uccaritāni). The throat of Petas is narrow and parched with thirst: Pv-a.99 (k-oṭṭha-tālūnaṃ …

…ii.148; iii.92.

• -attharaṇa the dedication of the k. cloth Vin.i.266 see next.
• -atthāra…

…where it explains maraṇa? Cp. Ja.iii.201 tesaṃ taṃ kaṭukaṃ āsi, maraṇaṃ ten’ upāgamuṃ.

-udraya…

Keḷi¹

feminine

1. play, amusement, sport Pv-a.265 (= khiḍḍā); parihāsa merry play, fun Ja.i.116.
2. playing at dice, gambling in -maṇḍala “circle of the game,” draught-board; *-ṃ bh …

inlaid, adorned with, usually with jewels e.g. Vv-a.14, Vv-a.277; maṇi-muttâdi khacitā ghaṇṭā “bells inlaid with jewels, pearls, etc.” Vv-a.36; of a fan inlaid with ivory (danta-khacita) Vin.iii. …

…Vism.199
■ (maraṇaṃ:) yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ… cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā…

…vyākaraṇa-samattho mahāmatto: “kh˚ is called the King’s minister who is able to answer all his questions”)…

waste, destruction, consumption decay, ruin, loss; of the passing away of night Vv-a.52 mostly in applied meaning with ref. to the extinction of passions & such elements as condition, life, & rebirth …

…thought Vism.289

• -maraṇa sudden death Vism.229.
• -vassa momentary i.e. sudden rain (-shower)…

an enclitic particle of affirmation & emphasis indeed, really, surely; in narration: then, now (cp kira); in question: then, perhaps, really. Def. as adhikār’ antara-nidassan’ atthe nipāto Kp-a.113 …

…Vv-a.36 Vv-a.278; khobha-karaṇa shaking up, disturbance Vism.474 See also akkhobbha.

cp. Vedic kṣubh kṣobhayati, to shake = Goth….

eating, in -kāraṇa the reason of eating… Pv-a.37.

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

… ■ kattabbak˚-karaṇa “the performance of incumbent duties Pv-a.30; idaṃ me kiccaṃ akāsi “he has done me this service”…

Kira & Kila

adverb

1. emphatic: really, truly, surely. (Gr. δή)
2. presumptive (with pres. or fut.) I should think one would expect.
3. narrative (with aor.): now, then, you know (Gr. δδε, Lat. at, …

…kilesā Netti.191.

• -āvaraṇa the obstacle of lust Vb.342 Pp.13 Vism.177
• -āvaraṇatā identical AN.iii.436
• -kkhaya the…

Kira & Kila

adverb

1. emphatic: really, truly, surely. (Gr. δή)
2. presumptive (with pres. or fut.) I should think one would expect.
3. narrative (with aor.): now, then, you know (Gr. δδε, Lat. at, …

…the beard Ja.iii.314 (cp m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi˚ realization, see s. v -akiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining from…

…the beard Ja.iii.314 (cp m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi˚ realization, see s. v -akiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining from…

…Kitava & kitava

pp. of kṛ; with i for a, cp. kiraṇa for karaṇa. The Dhtp. explained by nivāsane

1. as nt. subst. what? sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ what is the obstruction? Snp.1032; kiṃ tava patthanāya what is it about your wish, i.e. what good is your wish? Vv-a.226; kim idaṃ this is what, that is …

…be drawn aside) Vin Texts iii.174,…

…kilesā Netti.191.

• -āvaraṇa the obstacle of lust Vb.342 Pp.13 Vism.177
• -āvaraṇatā identical AN.iii.436
• -kkhaya the…

…= Snp.627; Snp.484 (jātimaraṇa˚), Snp.653 (kammavipāka˚); Pv.i.11#12; Vv.15#9 (= Vv-a.73), Vv.63#30 (= Vv-a.269); Mil.344; Sdhp.350
■…

…the beard Ja.iii.314 (cp m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi˚ realization, see s. v -akiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining from…

…the fourth of the five nīvaraṇas (q.v.) Vin.i.49; Vin.iv.70; DN.i.246; SN.i.99; MN.i.437; AN.i.134 = Snp.1106; AN.i.282; Snp.925; Cnd.379;…

…Dhp.53; sabba-pāpassa akaraṇaṃ kusalassa upasampadā sacittapariyodapanaṃ etaṃ Buddhānusāsanaṃ DN.ii.49 = Dhp.183; cp. Ne.43, Ne.81…

…(hattha˚, elephant trappings, cp. kappanā), Ja.v.215 (= karaṇa, cp. Sk. kalpa).

cp. kutta

pail or pot, in phrase kuṇḍipaddhana giving a pailful of milk. Ja.vi.504 (Kern

Toevoegselen

s.v. compares phrase Sanskrit kāṁsy’ôpadohana, proposes reading kuṇḍ’ opadohana ‣See also kaṁsupadhāra …

…time, timely Vism.229 (˚maraṇa timely death)
■ Opp. akāla (it is the) wrong time or inopportune DN.i.205;…

…passage); -nissaraṇa deliverance from passion, the extinction of passion Iti.61 (as three nissaraṇīyā…

secondary root of karoti, in denom. and intensive function in kāra, kāraka, kāraṇa, kārin, kāreti and their derivations.

…“killing.” Often spelt karaṇa q.v.; the spelling kāraṇā (as f.) at Mil.185 seems to be a later spelling for…

…(= DN-a.i.95 kabba-karaṇa) 2. poetry, song, poem (of suttanta) AN.i.72 = AN.iii.107.

• -matta intoxicated with…

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

…time, timely Vism.229 (˚maraṇa timely death)
■ Opp. akāla (it is the) wrong time or inopportune DN.i.205;…

…combined with tāṇa & saraṇa;, e.g. at DN.i.95; SN.iv.315 (maṃ-leṇa refuge with me; + maṃtāṇa); SN.iv.372 (= nibbāna);…

…sannicita˚; and saṃsaraṇa˚), Vism.409 (the colour of the heartblood in relation to states of mind); Vb-a.66; Pv-a.56 Pv-a.78,…

…and Vism.204 sq. -vivaraṇa unveiling of the universe, apocalypse, revelation Vism.392 (when humans see the devas…

…lī by “silesana-dravīkaraṇa,” i.e. to make slip or run (Dhtp.441; Dhtm.681)]

1. to stick, adhere, cling to see compounds all˚, o˚,…

…death Mhvs.32, Mhvs.68. -maraṇa dying in death MN.i.49 (cp. C on p. 532: maccu-maraṇan ti maccu-sankhātaṃ…

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

anything impure, stain (lit. & fig.), dirt. In the Canon mostly fig. of impurities. On mala in similes see J.P.T.S., 1907, 122
■ SN.i.38 (itthi malaṃ brahmacariyassa), SN.i.43 (id.); AN.i.105 (issā˚ …

treating with tenderness, solicitude, fondness Ja.v.331.

fr. mamaṃ + kṛ.

orig. a divine saying or decision, hence a secret plan (cp. def. of mant at Dhtp.578 by “gutta-bhāsane”), counsel; hence magic charm, spell. In particular a secret religious code or doctrine, esp. …

…bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā, khandhānaṃ bhedo, kaḷebarassa nikkhepo MN.i.49; Mnd.123, Mnd.124 (adds “jīvit’…

…Dhp-a.i.253.

• -karaṇa shaving Dhp-a.i.253; DN-a.i.137.
• -kutti [m. *kḷpti]…

…like children AN.ii.124; maraṇa˚ (almost) dead MN.i.86; attano nattumatte vandanto Dha iv.178. f mattī (= mattin?) see mātu˚ 5. as adv….

…up of a child, viz. nāma-karaṇa-mangala the ceremony of giving a name; āhāra-paribhoga˚ of taking solid food; kaṇṇa-vijjhana˚ of…

stupidity, dullness of mind & soul, delusion bewilderment, infatuation DN.iii.146, DN.iii.175, DN.iii.182, DN.iii.214, DN.iii.270; Vin.iv.144, Vin.iv.145; Snp.56, Snp.74, Snp.160, Snp.638, Snp.847; Vb …

…salvation Vb.426 (jarā-maraṇa˚ from old age & death) Dhp-a.i.4 (˚magga + sagga-magga, the way to heaven & salvation), Dhp-a.i.89,…

or ˚ā feminine tumbling, turning somersaults, an acrobatic feat; in list of forbidden amusements at DN.i.6 (cp. DN-a.i.86; samparivattaka-kīḷanaṃ, i.e. playing with something that rolls along, conti …

…cp. Vin.v.163: na hatthavikāro kātabbo, na hattha-muddā dassetabbā.

• -ādhikaraṇa the office of the keeper of the Privy Seal…

1. the mouth Snp.608, Snp.1022 (with ref. to the long tongue, pahūta-jivha, of the Buddha or Mahāpurisa) Ja.ii.7; DN-a.i.287 (uttāna˚ clear mouthed, i.e. easy to understand, cp. DN.i.116); Pv-a.11, …

…-karaṇa “urine-making,” i.e. pudendum muliebre, cunnus Vin.iv.260. *…

having forgotten, one who forgets; only in two compounds, viz. -sacca [der. fr. foll. muṭṭha + sati + ya] forgetfulness, lit. forgotten-mindedness, usually combined with asampajañña, DN.iii.213; …

killing, slaughter, death DN.ii.128; Sdhp.295, Sdhp.569.

fr. Caus. māreti

Māḷaka

a stand, viz. for alms-bowl (patta˚) Vin.ii.114, or for drinking vessel (pānīya˚ Ja.vi.85.

a Non-Aryan word, although the Dhtm.395 gives roots mal & mall; in meaning “dhāraṇa” (see under …

1. (lit.) root AN.ii.200; MN.i.233; Dhp-a.i.270; Dhp-a.iv.200 (opp. patti); Vism.270 (rukkha˚; = rukkha-samīpaṃ); Pv.ii.9#6 (sa˚ with the root); Pv-a.43 (rukkhassa mūle at the foot of).
2. foot …

…Dhp-a.i.174 (+ tithi-karaṇa); ˚ṃ oloketi to set the horoscope Dhp-a.i.166, ˚ṃ uggaṇhāti id. Pv.iii.5#4. *…

…telaṃ yojetvā n-karaṇaṃ) DN.i.12; Vin.i.204; MN.i.511; Dhp-a.i.12;

• -karaṇī a pocket handkerchief Vin.i.204.

cp. Sk. nas f….

…suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ MN.i.133; AN.ii.103, AN.ii.178;…

…trunk);

• -kaṭṭhakaraṇa ploughing SN.v.146 = Ja.ii.59
• -phāla [mod. Ind. phār] ploughshare (to be understood…

…& kāma (cp. kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yad idaṃ nekkhammaṃ Iti.61, cp. Vin.i.104; AN.iii.245; also MN.i.115). The use of the similar term…

…Vism.198 (fig. jarāmaraṇa˚ the rim of old age & death, which belongs to the wheel of Saṃsāra of the chariot of existence,…

only in phrase netthāraṃ vattati to behave in such a way as to get rid of blame or fault Vin.ii.5; Vin.iii.183; MN.i.442
■ Bdhgh on Vin.ii.5 (p. 309) explains: nittharantānaṃ etan ti netthāraṃ yen …

…to cover, obstruct, nīvaraṇa, nivāraṇa obstruction; *ṷel by āvuta, khandh-āvāra, parivāra vyāvaṭa (busy with = moving…

…Vv.53#24- nīvaraṇa (obstacles). pañca n˚ anibbāna-saṃvattanikā SN.v.97
■…

emanation, sending out, expansion, efflux Vism.303.

fr. niccharati

…nirdhāraṇa (estimation), but to be read as nittharaṇa (see nittharaṇa²).

…Pv-a.7 (udaka-dāna-nīharaṇa-n˚), Pv-a.97 (n-gata dhana = hoarded, accumulated), Pv-a.132 (˚ṃ nidhessāmi gather a treasure);…

1. (n.) tying down to; ground (lit. or fig.), foundation, occasion source, origin, cause; reason, reference, subject (“sujet”) MN.i.261; AN.i.134 sq.; AN.i.263 sq., AN.i.338; AN.ii.196 AN.iv.128 sq.; …

…Dhp.137; Cnd.199#4 (maraṇaṃ + maraṇamattam pi dukkhaṃ) Pv.iv.7#7 (pret. nigacchiṭṭha = pāpuṇi Pv-a.266).

Sk. nigacchati,…

…destruction Thig.491 (= maraṇasampāpana Thag-a.288).

prob. ni + gha = Sk. ˚gha of hanati (see also P. ˚gha), to kill; unless abstracted…

or is it ˚aṃ?) = nikati (fraud) Pp.19, Pp.23 (as syn. of māyā).

…Snp.242 (= nirāsaṃ-karaṇaṃ Snp-a.286); Ja.i.223; Pv.iii.9#5 (+ vañcana); Pp.19, Pp.23, Pp.58; Vv-a.114; Pv-a.211…

…suvaṇṇassa pañcadasa-dharaṇaṃ nikkhan ti vadanti) SN.ii.234 (suvaṇṇa & singi˚); Ja.i.84 (id.); AN.iv.120 (suvaṇṇa˚); Vv.20#8…

Err:508

collection (“body”) assemblage, class, group.

1. generally (always-˚): eka˚; one class of beings Dhs-a.66; tiracchāna˚; the animal kingdom SN.iii.152; deva˚; the assembly of the gods, the g …

…Vin.v.172; Vb.353;

• -karaṇa = gāhin SN.iv.297;
• -gāhin “taking signs,” enticed or led away…

adjective fond of, attached to (-˚) SN.i.133; DN-a.i.250; Pv-a.5 (duccarita˚), Pv-a.89, Pv-a.161 (hitakaraṇa˚).

pp. of niramati

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

to spend, bestow, give, give up Pv-a.105 (dānûpakaraṇā nisajjesi read better as ˚karaṇǡni sajjesi). See also nissajjati.

sic MSS. for niss˚; Sk. niḥsarjayati, nis + sajjeti, …

…(yasmā atthi loke nissaraṇaṃ tasmā sattā lokamhā nissaranti)
pp nissaṭa, grd…

…sq.; Mil.401.

Sk. niḥsaraṇa, to nis + sarati, cp. BSk. nissaraṇa nissaraṇa giving up (?) Avs.ii.193

…of nissarati, with relation to nissaraṇa

…nissita; Pts.ii.10 sq.; Mil.95, Mil.225 (bhava˚). See also nissaraṇa. Cp. abhi˚.

pp. of nis + sarati, sṛ.

going or driving out, expulsion Mil.344 (osāraṇa-n- paṭisāraṇa), Mil.357.

fr. nissarati

…mat to sit on Vin.i.295 Vin.ii.123 (˚ena vippavasati); SN.v.259 (˚ṃ gaṇhāti). -paccattharaṇa a mat for sitting on Vin.i.47, Vin.i.295;…

…= making…

…(tiloka˚).

Sk. nistaraṇa, nis + taraṇa, cp. nittharati

Nittharaṇa²

neuter “strewing or being strewn down,” putting…

see *vi*˚.

adjective in dun˚; hard to check or keep back Mil.21 (+ durāvaraṇa).

grd. of nivāreti

adjective warding off, keeping back, preventing; refusal Snp.1034, Snp.1035, Snp.1106 (= Cnd.363 āvāraṇa rakkhaṇa gopana); Dhs-a.259; Pv-a.102 Pv-a.278; Sdhp.396.

fr. nivāreti

…nāmarūpa-duke nāmakaraṇaṭṭhena nāmaṭṭhena namanaṭṭhena ca nāmaṃ ruppanaṭṭhena rūpaṃ. Cp. DN.i.223; DN.ii.32,…

…weapons Ja.i.150;

• -karaṇa difference, diversity Vin.i.339 (sangha˚); MN.ii.128 cp. Divy.222; *…

woman, wife, female Snp.301, Snp.836; Dhp.284; Ja.i.60; Ja.iii.395; Ja.iv.396 (˚gaṇa); Vv.6#1, Vv.44#16; Pv.i.9#1 (= itthi Pv-a.44). pl. nariyo (Snp.299, Snp.304, Snp.703), nāriyo (Snp.703 variant re …

…ferry Ja.iii.230;

• -sañcaraṇa (a place for) the traffic of boats, a port Mil.359.

Ved. nāuḥ & nāvā, Gr.;…

taking out, carrying away, removing DN-a.i.296; Pv-a.7.

fr. nīharati

adjective noun one who carries away Vin.i.13 (nīhāra-bhatta); SN.v.12, SN.v.320, SN.v.325 (piṇḍapāta).

fr. nīhāra, cp. nīharaṇa

…at SN.v.110 SN.v.8 at MN.i.360 sq.; MN.i.6 at Dhs.1152.

Sk. *nivāraṇa, nis + varaṇa of vṛ; (vṛṇoti), see…

adjective belonging to an obstacle, forming a hindrance, obstructing Dhs.584, Dhs.1164, Dhs.1488 Vb.12, Vb.30, Vb.66, Vb.130 etc.

fr. nīvaraṇa

…Path SN.i.193 (˚assa nittharaṇatthaṃ); SN.iv.257; SN.v.59; It iii.(˚assa nittharanatthāya); faith SN.i.214 = Snp.184 = Mil.36; mindfulness…

lit. “taking away”, leading astray, side-track, deviating path Ja.vi.525 (C.: gamana-magga) Cp. avaharaṇa.

fr. oharati

taking down, cutting off (hair) Ja.i.64 (kesa-massu˚).

fr. ohāreti, cp. avaharaṇa

Okāsa

1. lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space DN.i.34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā pariccheda), Vism.243 (id.); Pv-a.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā …

to take off, loosen, release; unfasten, undo, doff DN.i.126 (veṭhanaṃ as form of salute); Ja.ii.326 Ja.vi.73 (sāṭakaṃ); Vism.338; Pv-a.63 (tacaṃ); Vv-a.75 (ābhāraṇāni)
caus omuñcāpeti to cause t …

adjective of the nature of a resort, fit for resorting to, over-hanging eaves, affording shelter Vin.ii.153. See also osāraka.

fr. osarati, osarana & osaṭa

1. return to, going into (acc.) visiting Ja.i.154 (gāmantaṃ ˚kāle).
2. withdrawal, distraction, drawing or moving away, heresy Snp.538 (ogahanāni titthāni, diṭṭhiyo ti attho Snp-a.434).

fr. avasarati

1. restoration, rehabilitation reinstatement (of a bhikkhu after exclusion from the Sangha) Vin.i.322; Mil.344.
2. procession (?) (perhaps reading should be ussāraṇā) Dhp-a.ii.1 (T. oss˚).

fr. osāreti 3

1. (with variant reading osāpeti, reading osāreti is uncertain) to stow away, deposit, put in, put away (see also opeti) Ja.vi.52, Ja.vi.67 (pattaṃ thavikāya o.).
2. to bring out, e …

adjective going down, descending Ne.1, Ne.2, Ne.4, Ne.107.

fr. otarati

spreading over, veiling Mil.299 (mahik˚).

fr. ottharati

…a patch, patching (˚karaṇa), darning (?) Vin.i.254 (vv ll. ovaṭṭiya˚, ovadhita˚ ovadhīya˚); Ja.ii.197 (variant reading ovaddhi˚)…

…out or away, removing, banishment exiling DN.i.135; DN.iii.93; Mil.357; Dhp.i.296 (= nīharaṇa); Dhp-a.iv.145.

fr. pa + Caus. of vraj,…

…Vv-a.281; Pv-a.30, Pv-a.35; Kp-a.213 Kp-a.236; in lieu of karaṇa Kp-a.213, of sāmin Snp-a.594.

paṭi + attan

…+ ā + stṛ; cp. BSk. pratyāstaraṇa Divy.19

…(jātippaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ); Pv.i.5#2 (kamma˚); Pv.iv.1#50 (tap˚); Pv-a.147 (kamma˚). 3. ground for, belief, confidence trust,…

Padaka¹

adjective one who knows the padas (words or lines), versed in the padapāṭha of the Veda (Ep. of an educated Brahmin) DN.i.88 = Snp.p.105 (where Avs.ii.19 in id. p. has padaśo = P. …

…9 (the four + kankhā-vitaraṇa˚, maggâmagga-ñāṇa paṭipadāñāṇa-dassana˚, ñāṇa-dassana˚ paññā˚) DN.iii.288;…

splitting, tearing Thag.752.

pa + dṛ.

adjective noun trickling, oozing, dripping Ja.i.146; Ja.vi.187 (a˚); f. -ī DN.i.74 (= bindubinduṃ udakaṃ paggharati DN-a.i.218); the ʻmark’ of liquid Dhs-a.332.

fr. paggharati

adjective flowing, trickling, oozing out Ja.vi.187 (app˚-velā), Ja.vi.531; Dhp-a.i.126 (lohitaṃ); Vism.262.

fr. paggharati

striking, beating Snp-a.224; Pv-a.285.

fr. paharati

adjective striking, hitting Ja.i.418.

fr. paharaṇa

…Netti.192; Vism.194 (nīvaraṇa-santāpa˚) Dhs-a.166 Dhs-a.345 Vv-a.73

• -pariññā ‣See parinjnjaa; *…

see abhi˚.

…Snp.351 (˚jāti-maraṇa), Snp.370, Snp.564, Snp.1132 (˚mala-moha) Iti.32; Cnd. s.v.; Pts.i.63; Pts.ii.244; Pp.12, Pp.22.

pp. of…

(˚jahāti) to give up, renounce, forsake, abandon, eliminate, let go, get rid of; freq as synonym of jahati (see Nd ii.under jahati with all forms). Its wide range of application with reference to all …

…has reading pakampana for ˚kapp˚ and explained by kampa-karaṇa Snp-a.568).

fr. pakappeti

1. performance, undertaking paragraph (of the law) DN.i.98 (“offence”? see Dial. i.120); SN.iii.91; Mil.189.
2. occasion Vin.i.44 Vin.ii.75; Vin.iii.20.
3. exposition, arrangement, literary work, co …

adjective scattered about; fig. miscellaneous, particular, opp. to sādhāraṇa Kp-a.74; cp. Cpd. 13, 95²; Vism.175 (˚kathā), Vism.317 sq. (id.)
■ As Np. name of the xiv^th book …

…(tassa pañhassa vyākaraṇapakkhe); Snp-a.168 (id.).

Ved. pakṣa in meanings 1 and 3; to Lat. pectus, see Walde, Lat. Wtb. s….

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

(param˚) adverb further, away (from); as prep. (w. abl.) after, beyond; absolute only in phrase ito paraṃ from here, after this, further, e.g. Kp-a.131; Snp-a.160, Snp-a.178, Snp …

to move about, in var. senses, viz.

1. to go about, look after AN.iii.94 (upaṭṭhahati + Ja.v.421; Pv-a.175.
2. to worship (only in connection aggin p. to worship the fire) DN.i.101; SN.i.166; Dhp.1 …

…variant reading for vicaraṇa˚). 2. attending to, looking after, worshipping Dhp-a.i.199 (aggi-p˚-ṭṭhāna fire-place). 3….

servant, attendant DN-a.i.269.

fr. paricaraṇa

care, attention, looking after; pleasure, feasting, satisfaction Pv.ii.1#2 (gloss for ˚cārika); Pv-a.219.

fr. paricāreti

adjective noun = paricāraka (servant, attendant) AN.v.263 (aggi˚ fire-worshipper); Pv.ii.6#20 (amacca minister & attendant); Thag-a.267; Snp-a.597
■ f. -carikā

1. a maid-servant, handmaiden, …

…(sukha˚, variant reading for ˚parihaṭa). 2. an armlet, bracelet Vv-a.167 (variant reading ˚haraṇa; explained as hatthālaṅkāra.) See…

1. protection, care Vism.500 (gabbha˚); Kp-a.235; DN-a.i.207 (kāya˚); Dhp-a.ii.179 (kāyassa).
2. keeping up, preservation, keeping in existence; in phrase khandha˚; Dhp-a.iii.261, Dhp-a.iii.405 …

…hiding, deceiving Vb.358 = Pp.23.

= pariharaṇa

…explained as kāya-pariharaṇa-mattakena & kucchi˚ at DN-a.i.207 correct reading accordingly); MN.i.180; MN.iii.34; Pp.58 Vism.65 (kāya˚,…

…ti vatvā tattha balikamma-karaṇaṃ“). The BSk. form appears to be parīkṣā, as seen in phrase vatthuparīkṣā at Divy.3 & Divy.16. See…

…is quoted Bdhgh’s explⁿ “ure loma-saṃharaṇaṃ.”

pari + mukha

1. covering, drapery (so trsl. at K.S. p. 45) SN.i.33.
2. (adj.) (-˚) surrounded by Ja.v.195 (= parikkhitta C.).

fr. pari + vṛ.

…(like a serpent), nissaraṇatthā (on account of salvation) and bhaṇḍâgārika˚ (of a treasurer) apariyatti-kara bringing no advantage…

search for DN.i.222; AN.i.93 (āmisa˚ & dhamma˚); AN.iii.416; Snp.289 (vijjācaraṇa˚) Ja.i.14; Ne.1, Ne.5; DN-a.i.271.

pari + eṭṭhi of esati, ā + iṣ

enveloping, covering DN.i.246 (= nīvaraṇa); Dhs.1157 (cp. Dhs trsl. 311); Mil.300.

pari + onāha

lit. “going round” analysed by Bdhgh in 3 diff. meanings, viz. vāra (turn, course) desanā (instruction, presentation), and kāraṇa (cause reaso …

stretching, spreading, being stretched out Pv-a.219 (piṭṭhi˚). See also pasāraṇa.

fr. pa + sṛ.

…instead of Kp-a.213 (karaṇavacana˚, where Pv-a.30 in id. p. reads karaṇ’ atthe).

fr. pa + sanj. Class Sk. prasanga in both…

stretching out DN-a.i.196 (opp. sammiñjana); Dhp-a.i.298 (hattha˚).

fr. pa + sṛ; cp. pasaraṇa

1. the Pavāraṇā, a ceremony at the termination of the Vassa Vin.i.155, Vin.i.160 (where 2 kinds cātuddasikā & pannarasikā); Vin.ii.32. Vin.ii.167; DN.ii.220; SN.i.190. pavāraṇaṃ ṭhapeti to fix or de …

1. to invite, offer, present, satisfy SN.i.190; AN.iv.79; Ja.iii.352.
2. to celebrate the Pavāraṇā (i.e. to come to the end of the Vassa) Vin.i.160 sq.; Vin.ii.255; Dhp-a.i.87; Ja.i.29, Ja.i.215; Ja. …

…(= parakkamati).

• -karaṇa exertion, pursuit, occupation Dhp-a.iii.238
• -vipatti failure of…

…Sat i.3¹⁶); maraṇaṃ tuyhaṃ oraṃ māsehi pañcahi after 5 months Vv.63#10, p. māse vasitvā DN-a.i.319 (cp. qu menses Hor….

…Snp-a.538.

• -vyākaraṇa mode of answering questions, of which there are 4, viz. ekaṃsa “direct,” vibhajja…

…in foll. compounds: anissaraṇa˚ DN.i.245; SN.ii.194; SN.iv.332; anoma˚ Snp.343; appa˚ SN.i.198; Ja.ii.166 Ja.iii.223, Ja.iii.263;…

…Vv-a.68; Pv-a.96 (maraṇaṃ), Pv-a.252, Pv-a.286 (grd. appaṭibāhanīya) Caus. -bāheti in same meaning Ja.iv.194; Dhp-a.ii.71;…

…Dhp-a.i.4; Pv-a.64 (maraṇaṃ), Pv-a.164, Pv-a.181 (kammaṃ), Pv-a.207 (anuddayaṃ). See also foll.

• -vinīta…

…conception Cpd.), jarāmaraṇa (+ soka-parideva-dukkhadomanass’ ûpayāsā) old age & death (+ tribulation grief, sorrow, distress &…

…be helped Vin.iv.218 (= anosārita p. 219); Pv-a.274 (maraṇa Cp. foll.

paṭi + kṛ.

…In meaning “restoration” the derivation is prob. fr paṭi + sṛ; to move (Sk. saraṇa and not saraṇa protection). Cp….

removing Ne.27, Ne.41.

fr. paṭisaṃharati

of protection, expiation, atonement Mil.344 (in law); applied.

fr. paṭi + sāreti

…paṭi + sṛ; cp. paṭisāraniya & paṭisaraṇa Note

…in cpd. vatta-paṭivatta-karaṇa “moving forth or backwards” performance of different kinds of duties; doing this, that & the other…

white woollen counterpane Ja.iv.352 (= uṇṇāmaya-paccattharaṇāni setakambalāni pi vadanti yeva C.).

= paṭikā

…also called Mahāpakaraṇa. See Ledi, J.P.T.S. 1915–⁠16 p. 26; Mrs. Rh. D., Tika p. 1, vi
■ At Sdhp.321 it has the Sk. meaning…

…(pīti˚ etc., as m., cp. pharaṇatā); Dhs-a166 (˚pīti all-pervading rapture, permeating zest; cp pīti pharaṇatā)
■ Cp….

adjective thrilling, suffusing, pervading, filling with rapture Vv-a.16 (dvādasa yojanāni ˚pabho sarīra-vaṇṇo).

fr. pharaṇa

…Pts.i.48 Vb.334; Ne.89.

abstr. fr. pharaṇa

…Ja.iv.188 (dant’ āvaraṇaṃ); Ja.v.197 (of the membrum muliebre), Ja.v.206 (read ˚phassita for ˚phussita), Ja.v.216…

…duguṇa-karaṇa.“ See also Vin Texts iii.94.

etym.? Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. suggests diminutiveformation fr. Sk….

Piṭṭha¹

neuter what is ground, grindings, crushed seeds, flour. Vin.i.201, Vin.i.203; Vin.iv.261 Vin.iv.341 (tila˚ = piññāka); Ja.ii.244 (māsa˚). As piṭṭhi at Ja.i.347. …

to put in front, to revere, follow, honour; only in foll sporadic forms: ppr. purakkharāna holding before oneself, i.e. looking at SN.iii.9 sq.; aor. 3^rd pl. purakkharuṃ Mil.22; ger. *[ …

to honour etc. Snp.794 = Snp.803; ppr. purekkharāna Snp.844 Snp.910.

for purakkharoti, pure = Sk. puraḥ

…AN.i.27 AN.i.147 (maraṇa-dhammin), AN.i.178, AN.i.267; AN.ii.129, AN.ii.163; AN.iii.54, AN.iv.68, AN.iv.97, AN.iv.157, AN.iv.372;…

…Vin.ii.210; AN.iv.376 (rajoharaṇaṃ suciṃ p., asuciṃ p. etc.); Ja.i.392 (akkhīni); Vism.63 (gabbha-malaṃ), Vism.415 = Kp-a.120; Ja.i.47…

an encircling wall, put up for obstruction and protection, a fence rampart Vin.ii.121 (3 kinds: made of bricks, of stone or of wood, viz. iṭṭhakā˚, silā, dāru˚); Vin.iv.266 (id.) MN.iii.11; SN.iv.194 …

…*pāvuraṇa fr. pra + vṛ; cp. Sk. prāvaraṇa

…surmounting SN.iv.71 (jātimaraṇassa); Snp.32, Snp.997.

• -gata one who has reached the opposite shore SN.i.34; SN.ii.277…

…Kp-a.82. -pharaṇatā state of being pervaded with joy, joyous rapture, ecstasy DN.iii.277; Pts.i.48;…

…-karaṇa doing service, paying homage Pv-a.30.

• -kāra = karaṇa Dhp-a.ii.44.

fr. pūj, see…

…(rajjato me sussitvā maraṇam eva seyyo: death by withering is better than kingship); Vv-a.314 (= Ja.i.64 as above); Pv-a.73 sq.; Mhvs.10,…

…Dhp-a.iii.77). -haraṇa dirt-taking, cleaning; wet rag, floor-cloth, duster Vin.ii.291; AN.iv.376; Ja.i.117;…

…combination rakkhā + āvaraṇa (+ gutti) shelter defence, e.g. at Vin.ii.194; DN.i.61 (dhammikaṃ r
■ v. guttiṃ saṃvidaheyyāma);…

…as trsl.

The word araṇa (see araṇa²) was regarded as neg of raṇa in both…

…jātassa avassaṃ jarā-maraṇaṃ, uppannassa rukkhassa patanaṃ viya), Vb-a.334 sq. (as garu-bhaṇḍa) Snp-a.5 (“pathavi-ras’…

…pahūta-vitt’ ûpakaraṇa pahūtadhana-dhañña paripuṇṇa-kosa-koṭṭhāgāra,“ e.g. DN.i.134. For a late description of a…

…pahūta-vitt’ ûpakaraṇa pahūtadhana-dhañña paripuṇṇa-kosa-koṭṭhāgāra,“ e.g. DN.i.134. For a late description of a…

adjective whole, entire all, every DN.i.4; SN.iv.15; Vin.i.5; Iti.3; Cnd. s.v., nom pl. sabbe Snp.66; gen. pl. sabbesaṃ Snp.1030
■ nt sabbaṃ the (whole) world of sense-experience SN.iv.15 cp. …

…(variant reading); sabbassaharaṇadaṇḍa (m.) the same Ja.iv.204 (so read instead of sabbappaharaṇa). At some passages sabba (nt.) “all,”…

…-yoga = karaṇa-vacana Snp-a.44.

• -vatthu living together with Thig.414 Thig.425; Thag-a.269. *…

thousand, used as a singular with a noun in the plural, sahassaṃ vācā Dhp.100; satasahassaṃ vassāni Ja.i.29; also in the plural after other numerals cattāri satasahassāni chaḷabhiññā Bv.ii.204 = J …

Sama¹

calmness, tranquillity, mental quiet Snp.896. samaṃ carati to become calm quiescent Ja.iv.172. Cp. -cariyā & ˚cārin.

fr. śam: see sammati¹

Sa …

…Ja.i.198 Ja.i.209; samaggakaraṇa making for peace DN.i.4 = AN.ii.209 = Pp.57; DN-a.i.74; samagganandin, samaggarata, and samaggārāma,…

…revel Ja.vi.383.

• -ābhicaraṇa visiting fairs DN.iii.183.
• -ṭṭhāna the place of the festival, the arena, Vin.ii.150; Ja.i.394; *…

…of legal questions (adhikaraṇa) Vin.ii.93 Vin.iv.207; cp. Dhs-a.144; s. paṭivijjhati Pts.i.180.

• -yānika who makes quietude his…

…Vin.i.15; Vb-a.157 (maraṇa˚); Vism.473 (def.)
■ samayā samayaṃ upādāya from time to time Iti.75. Cases adverbially *ekaṃ…

doubling up, bending back (orig. stretching!) Vism.500 (opp. pasāraṇa). See also sammiñjana.

fr. samiñjati

bending DN-a.i.196 (opp. pasāraṇa); Vb-a.358.

fr. sammiñjati

…deva; ˚maraṇa what is commonly called “death” Vism.229
■ sammuccā (instr.) by convention or common consent…

coming together, meeting, union, junction DN.i.237; DN.ii.61; SN.iii.156; SN.v.42 sq., SN.v.91; AN.iii.364; Mil.38.

saṃ + osaraṇa

…(Tha-ap.7); vijjācaraṇa˚; DN.i.99. 2. execution, performance; result, consequence; thus yañña˚; successful performance of a…

the dative relation Ja.v.214 (upayogatthe), Ja.v.237 (karaṇatthe); Snp-a.499 (˚vacana).

saṃ + padāna

…Ja.i.421; vijjācaraṇasampanna full of wisdom and goodness DN.i.49; Snp.164; often used as first part of a compound e.g….

…up. MN.i.360 Kp-a.142; sammā s. Pts.i.101; ˚pahāna relinquishing by extirpation Vism.5 Snp-a.9 ˚maraṇa dying by extirpation (of saṁsāra)…

pulling out, salvation Mil.232.

saṃ + uddharaṇa

…terms are sīla, caraṇa, vijjā (DN.i.100) Thus samādhi would comprise

1. the guarding of…

checking Mil.352.

fr. sandhāreti

adjective spreading, strewing; ˚vāta a wind which strews things about Snp-a.67.

fr. santharati

-ī (f.) conveying to the other shore SN.iv.174; MN.i.134
■ f. santāraṇī Tha-ap.234 (scil. nāvā).

fr. saṃ + tāreti¹

…taking refuge in the three Saraṇas Vin.iii.24; SN.iv.270.

cp. Vedic śaraṇa protection, shelter, house, śarman id.; śālā hall; to Idj….

something to be remembered AN.i.106.

grd. formation fr. saraṇa²

…(= dubbhikkhā).

• -uddharaṇa lifting the corn Mil.307.
• -ghāta destroying property SN.ii.218…

…DN.iii.252, DN.iii.282; maraṇasati mindfulness as to death AN.iv.317 sq.; Ja.iv.216; Snp-a.54; Pv-a.61, Pv-a.66….

teacher, master
■ nom. satthā DN.i.49; Snp.179;
■ acc. satthāraṃ DN.i.163; Snp.153, Snp.343;
■ instr. satthārā DN.i.163;
■ instr. satthunā Mhvs.32, Mhvs.19;
■ gen. satthu DN.i.110; Iti.79; V …

wandering about, meeting meeting-place Ja.i.163; Ja.iv.335; Mil.359. a˚; impassable Mil.217.

fr. saṃ + car

…perception asubha-, maraṇa-, āhāre paṭikkūla-, sabbaloke anabhirata-, anicca-, anicce dukkha-, dukkhe anatta-pahāna-,…

collecting, gathering Dāvs v.33. Cp. upa˚; & sangharaṇa.

fr. saṃharati

1. moving about, running; -lohita blood in circulation (opp. sannicita˚;) Vism.261 Kp-a.62; Vb-a.245.
2. a movable curtain, a blind that can be drawn aside Vin.ii.153.

fr. saṃ + sṛ.

covering; obstruction Dhtp.274 (as def. of root val, i.e. vṛ;).

fr. saṃ + vṛ.

accumulation Ja.iii.319 (dhana˚).

= saṃharaṇa

to put together, prepare, work Pv-a.287. a-saṅkhārāna SN.i.126. Ger. saṅkharitvā SN.ii.269 (variant reading sankhāditvā, as is read at id. p. Vin.ii.201). Cp abhi˚
pp …

one of the most difficult terms in Buddhist metaphysics, in which the blending of the subjective-objective view of the world and of happening peculiar to the East, is so complete, that it is almost i …

…atidāna), Pv-a.163 (caraṇa˚ guṇa).

• -dhamma one who has examined or recognized the dhamma (“they who have…

…visaṭa. The Dhtm (789) gives a root saṭ; in meaning of “visaraṇa,” i.e. profusion, diffusion (cp. visaṭa)

…Dhp.100; Ja.ii.44; Ja.vi.4 (maraṇaṃ eva seyyo, with abl. of compar. rajjato); Pv.ii.9#43 (dhanaṃ); Pv.iv.1#6 (jīvitaṃ) nom. fem….

foreman of a guild, treasurer, banker, “City man”, wealthy merchant Vin.i.15 sq. Vin.i.271 sq.; Vin.ii.110 sq., Vin.ii.157; SN.i.89; Ja.i.122; Ja.ii.367 etc. Rājagaha˚ the merchant of Rājagaha Vin.ii. …

set of precepts, “preceptorial,” code of training; instruction, precept, rule

1. in general: DN.i.63, DN.i.146, DN.i.250; MN.i.33; AN.i.63, AN.i.235 sq. AN.ii.14, AN.ii.250 sq.; AN.iii.113, AN.iii.26 …

…Ne.40; Ne.127; ˚-karaṇa making for gentleness MN.i.96; AN.ii.148 = AN.iii.180.

fr. suvaca, in analogy to…

adjective lucky; -karaṇa making happy or beloved (by charms) DN.i.11; DN-a.i.96
■ Der. sobhagga

su + bhaga

…Vv.31#8.

• -ūpaharaṇa happy offering, luxury Ja.i.231.
• -edhita read as sukhe ṭhita (i.e. being happy) at Vin.iii.13 &…

adjective general, common, joint Vin.ii.258; Vin.iii.35; Thig.505; Ja.i.202, Ja.i.302; Ja.iv.7 (pañca˚-bhāva 5 fold connection); Ne.49 sq.; Pv-a.122, Pv-a.194, Pv-a.265. a˚ Ja.i.78; DN-a.i.71.

…(vaṇṇa˚); Vism.234 (maraṇa˚).

Sāmaññatā²

= sāmañña ² DN.iii.145, DN.iii.169; Dhp.332; Dhp-a.iii.484;…

going Dhs-a.133.

fr. sarati¹

reminding, remonstrating with Vin.v.158, Vin.v.164.

fr. sāreti²

…75) fr. saraṇa (i.e. saraṇa¹ or sarana²?) with double vṛddhi. Kern (

Toevoegselen

ii.74)…

Sāyana¹

neuter tasting, taste Dhtp.229.

fr. sāyati

Sāyana²

the Nāga tree (cp. nāga 3) Ja.vi.535 (vāraṇā sā yanā = nāgarukkhā, C., ibid. 535, var. read. vāyana) Kern,

Toevoe …

…hidaiti
■ The Dhtp (50 gives the 3 meanings of “visaraṇa-gaty-avasādanesu”.

…works Dhp.55; Vism.58. -caraṇa moral life Ja.iv.328, Ja.iv.332. -tittha having good behaviour as its…

Ta˚

base of demonstr. pron. for nt., in oblique cases of m. & f., in demonstr. adv. of place & time (see also sa).

I. Cases: nom

sg. nt. tad (older) Vin.i.83; Snp.1052; Dh …

…(-˚) DN.i.141 (daṇḍa˚, bhaya˚) Dhp.188 (bhaya˚); Pp.56. Esp. in combination maraṇabhaya˚; moved by the fear of death Ja.i.150,…

…+). Cp. tanutara.

• -karaṇa making thinner, reducing, diminishing Vin.ii.316 (Bdhgh on CV. v.9, 2); *…

…Snp.355, Snp.1047 (jāti-maraṇaṃ), pl atāruṃ Snp.1045
■ See also tāreti (Caus.), tāṇa, tāyate tiro, tiriyaṃ, tīra,…

going across, passing over, traversing Vin.iv.65 (tiriyaṃ˚); Pts.i.15; Pts.ii.99, Pts.ii.119.

see tarati

…Name of one of the adhikaraṇa-samathā: guilt (legal wrong) of such & such a character Vin.i.325; in detail expl. MN.ii.249; +…

…threefold formula (of the saraṇa-gata) Vin.i.18;

• -vijja (adj. possessed of the 3 fold knowledge (i.e. either the higher…

sesamum-oil (prepared from tila seeds), oil in general (tela = tilatelādika DN-a.i.93): used for drinking, anointing & burning purposes Vin.i.205, Vin.i.220 Vin.i.245, etc.; AN.i.209, AN.i.278 (sapp …

…ass-attharaṇa, etc. should be preferred (= ā stṛ;). See attharaṇa and compounds

Sk. staraṇa to stṛ.

stiffness, obduracy, stolidity indifference (cp. thaddha & tandī, closely related in meaning). Together with; middha it is one of the 5 hindrances (nīvaraṇāni) to Arahantship (see …

…Kp-a.248.

• -taraṇa ferrying across, adj. ˚ā nāvā, a vessel crossing over, a traject Vin.iv.65.

Vedic…

1. a fording place, landing place, which made a convenient bathing place DN.ii.89 = Vin.i.230 (Gotama˚ the G. ford) Ja.i.339, Ja.i.340 (titthāraṇa); Ja.ii.111; Ja.iii.228 (˚nāvika ferryman); Ja.iii.23 …

…one of the seven Adhikaraṇasamathas (ways in which litigation may be settled). In case mutual complaints of breach of the rules have been…

…Thig.162 (vyādhimaraṇa˚ str. with sickness and death).

pp. of tudati

Tunna²

any pointed instrument as a stick, a goad,…

…v.56; turagamana Pv-a.57.

Vedic tura, cp. tvaraṇa

satisfying, pleasing, in -kāraṇa cause for satisfaction or delight Ja.iii.448.

Sk. toṣaṇa

adverb so much, so long; usually correl. with yāva how long, how much; in all meanings to be understood out of elliptical application of this correlation Thus

I

*yāva-tāva …

…with leṇa & saraṇa; (see [dīpa & abhaya;](/define/dīpa & abhaya;)), in var. contexts, esp. with ref to Nibbāna (see Cnd….

…belong uddhaṭa and uddharaṇa. Cp. also pavāḷha.

ud + vahati, although possibly same as ubbahati¹, in…

…to go to stool); Vin.iv.265, Vin.iv.266 (uccāro nāma gūtho vuccati); Dhp-a.ii.56 (˚karaṇa defecation); uccārapassāva faeces & urine…

lifting up, raising Vin.iii.121.

fr. uccāreti

…urine) Vin.iv.262 (= mutta-karaṇassa dhovanā C.).

Vedic udaka, uda + ka (see uda²), of Idg. *ṷed, *ud, fuller…

…uṇṇā-may’ attharaṇaṃ; keci ubhato uggata-pupphaṃ ti vadanti DN-a.i.87); AN.i.181. See however uddha-lomin under…

…sq. (pañho, u. veyyākaraṇaṃ); Cnd.385#2 (+ paripucchā); Ja.i.116; Mil.257 (+ paripucchā). ek’uddesa a single repetition…

…(= uddhaṃ dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ DN-a.i.98); Dhp-a.iii.126; Snp-a.86 -suddha clean on top Vin.ii.152 2. uddhaṃ˚;…

…of the 5^th nīvaraṇa’s and as the 9^th of the 10 saṃyojana’s (q.v.), e.g. at DN.i.71, DN.i.246; DN.iii.49,…

…& cp. uddhacca & uddharaṇa 2. to take up, lift, to remove, take away DN.i.135 (baliṃ uddhareyya raise a tax); MN.i.306 (hiyaṃ);…

1. taking up, lifting, raising Mil.307 (sass˚-samaya the time of gathering the corn; to uddharati 1 but cp. in same meaning uddhaṭa from uddharati 2). DN-a.i.192.
2. pulling or drawing out (cp. uddh …

…(= uddhaṃ dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ DN-a.i.98); Dhp-a.iii.126; Snp-a.86 -suddha clean on top Vin.ii.152 2. uddhaṃ˚;…

example, instance Ja.iii.401 (˚ṃ āharitvā dassento), Ja.iii.510; Mil.345; Snp-a.445; Vv-a.297.

fr. udāharati

Uju & Ujju

adjective straight direct; straightforward, honest, upright DN.iii.150 (T. ujja), DN.iii.352 (do.), DN.iii.422, DN.iii.550; Vv.18#7 (= sabba-jimha-vanka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u. …

Uju & Ujju

adjective straight direct; straightforward, honest, upright DN.iii.150 (T. ujja), DN.iii.352 (do.), DN.iii.422, DN.iii.550; Vv.18#7 (= sabba-jimha-vanka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u. …

lifting up Vin.iii.121 (= uddhaṃ uccāraṇā).

abstr. fr. ummasati

[fr. upa + dhṛ;) “receptacle”, milk-pail DN.ii.192; AN.iv.393; Ja.vi.503. See kaṃs˚. Kern,

Toevoegselen

i. 142 proposes corruption fr. kaṃs’ûpadohana, which latter however does not occur in Pa …

1. presentation; luxury Ja.i.231.
2. taking, seizing Ja.vi.198.

fr. upa + hṛ.

help, service, support; means of existence, livelihood DN.ii.340; AN.ii.86; Ja.i.7; Pv-a.60 (commodities), Pv-a.133 (˚manussa, adj. suitable, fit) Sdhp.69. In general any instrument or means of achi …

…good Pv-a.86.

fr. upa + kṛ; cp. upakaraṇa

to receive, get, obtain to find, make out Mil.124 (kāraṇaṃ); usually in Pass. upalabbhati to be found or got, to be known; to exist MN.i.138 (an˚); SN.i.135; SN.iv.384; Snp.85 …

1. cause, means DN.ii.217, DN.ii.259; MN.iii.71 (samādhiṃ sa-upanisaṃ); SN.ii.30–SN.ii.32 (SN-a. = kāraṇa, paccaya); SN.v.25; AN.i.198; AN.iii.20, AN.iii.200 sq. AN.iii.360; AN.iv.99, AN.iv.336, AN. …

…end (of life) Ja.v.375 (= maraṇa-santikaṃ u. C.). 4. bringing up (for trial), charging MN.i.251 (vacanapatha, cp. upanīya). Upaniya (iyya,…

calm, quiet, appeasement, allaying, assuagement, tranquillizing Vin.i.10; SN.iv.331 = SN.v.421 (in freq. phrase upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati; see nibbāna ii …

drawing together, bringing up to, comparison Vism.232 sq.; Ja.v.186.

fr. upasaṃharati

…Snp-a.140; Kp-a.116; karaṇa˚ Snp-a.148; sampadāna˚ Ja.v.214; Snp-a.317; itthambhūta˚ Snp-a.441; nissakka˚ Ja.v.498.

fr. upa +…

…Snp.318; Ja.iv.309 (maraṇaṃ upeti to die), Ja.iv.312 (id.), Ja.iv.463 (id.); Ja.v.212 (variant reading opeti, q.v.) Thag.17 (gabbhaṃ);…

freedom of the chest, free breathing, relief DN.ii.269 (variant reading uruddhā perhaps preferable, for ura uddharana lifting or raising the chest).

ura + undā?

1. overflowing, piling up, abundance MN.iii.230 (opp. apasādana).
2. (probably confused with ussāraṇa) tumult, uproar, confusion AN.iii.91, AN.iii.92 (variant reading ussāraṇa) = Pp.66 (= hatthiassara …

procession, going or running about, tumult Dhp-a.ii.7 (so read for ossāraṇā). Cp. ussādana.

fr. ussāreti

…patta).

• -attharaṇa upper cover Ja.vi.253.
• -pubba north-eastern Ja.vi.518.
• -sse…

…Ja.i.195. In BSk. uttaraṇa only in sense of crossing, overcoming, e.g. Jtm.31 ⁸ (˚setu). Cp. uttara.

fr….

…an answer, rejoinder Dhp-a.i.44 (karaṇ˚-karaṇa).

abstr. fr. uttara; uttara + ya = Sk. *uttarya

…Ne.8, Ne.9, Ne.38
■ -karaṇa id Snp-a.445
■ -karoti to make clear or open, to declare show up, confess (a sin) Vin.i.103; SN.ii.25,…

…(= vaddhānaṃ apaciti-karaṇa Snp-a.332); Dhp.109; Dhp-a.ii.239 (= buḍḍhatare guṇavuddhe apacāyamāna) Cp. jeṭṭh’…

(-˚)

1. bringing, carrying, leading Pv.i.5#8 (vāri˚ river = mahānadī Pv-a.29); SN.i.103; Pv-a.13 (anattha˚). Doubtful in hetu- vahe Pv.ii.8#5, better with variant reading -vaco, explained by …

…Snp.381, Snp.729 (jātimaraṇa-saṃsāraṃ), Snp.1143; Ja.iii.401; Ja.iv.103 (nirayaṃ) Pv.iv.1#72 (Pot. vajeyya); Cnd.423 (= gacchati…

…s. v. volvo
■ The Dhtp (274) gives root val in meaning saṃvaraṇa, i.e. obstruct, cover. See further vuṇāti

…Dhp-a.iii.409 (˚kaṭṭhabhañja); Ja.vi.535.

cp. Sk. varaṇa rampart, causeway, wall

…iti; vossassa vassa-karaṇaṃ vassa-kammaṃ vassassa vossa-karaṇaṃ vossa-kammaṃ DN-a.i.97). -kāla time for…

Vattha¹

neuter

1. cloth; clothing, garment raiment; also collectively: clothes; MN.i.36 sq. AN.i.132, AN.i.209, AN.i.286; AN.ii.85, AN.ii.241; AN.iii.27 (odātaṃ), AN.iii.50 (kāsikaṃ), AN. …

…sense!], āyatana & adhikaraṇa); AN.iv.334; DN.i.13 sq. (aṭṭhādasahi vatthūhi etc.) Ja.ii.5 (avatthumhi chandaṃ mâkari do not set…

…AN.i.152 AN.i.299.

• -karaṇa expense, expenditure Ja.iv.355; Vin.ii.321 (Sam. Pās on C. V. vi.4, 6, explaining…

…tradition Mil.164.

• -dharaṇa id. Mil.226.
• -nalaka bamboo reed Kp-a.52, Kp-a.59 (with note Sn Index p. 870:…

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

…Snp.158 (˚ya); Vv.84#40 (˚ka; explained as “sahitānaṃ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṃ,” i.e. pisuṇaṃ Vv-a.347).

fr….

…Snp.158 (˚ya); Vv.84#40 (˚ka; explained as “sahitānaṃ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṃ,” i.e. pisuṇaṃ Vv-a.347).

fr….

…Snp.595; Mil.236; Snp-a.447.

= vyākaraṇa

…into detail Ne.5, Ne.8 sq., Ne.38 (+ vivaraṇā uttāni-kammatā); Tikp.10; Snp-a.445 (vivaraṇa, v. uttāni-karaṇa); Dhs-a.343,…

adjective noun going about, circulating, moving, travelling Ja.v.484 (˚bhaṇḍa travelling merchandise).

fr. vicarati

…uncertainty (one of the nīvaraṇas) DN.i.246; DN.iii.49, DN.iii.216, DN.iii.234 DN.iii.269; SN.i.99; SN.iii.106 sq. (dhammesu v. doubt about the…

… ■ defined as “vicaraṇaṃ vicāro, anusañcaraṇan ti vuttaṃ hoti” Vism.142 (see in def. under vitakka)
■ Hardly ever by…

a˚; (nt.)

1. investigation, search, attention Snp.1108, Snp.1109 (f. & nt.); Ja.iii.73 (˚paññā).
2. arranging, planning, looking after, scheme Ja.i.220; Ja.ii.404 (yuddha˚); Ja.vi.333 sq.

fr. vicāreti

splitting, rending Dhtp.247 (in explⁿ of dar), Dhtp.381 (do of bhid).

fr. vidāreti

abiding, dwelling Dhs-a.164, Dhs-a.168.

fr. viharati

…(evaṃ˚); AN.i.24 (araṇa˚), AN.i.26 (mettā); Iti.74 (appamāda˚); Snp.45 (sādhu˚), Snp.375; Pv.iv.1#33 (araṇa˚); Pv-a.77,…

…2^nd sampadā: caraṇa (DN.i.100), and for the 3^rd: vijjā (ibid.). The discussion…

…sort, kind Ja.i.59 (ābharaṇa˚ kind of ornament), Ja.i.243 (maccha-maṃsa˚); Mil.403 (bhojana˚ all kinds of material things); Vism.376…

…Speyer in Index considers vikaraṇa the correct form) = Divy.299 (reading cyavanapatana˚) = Lal.242. See also SN.iii.190 (under vikirati). 2….

…support, stopping (the nīvaraṇas or any evil influences or corruptions: kilesa˚), arresting, paralysing; elimination discarding Pts.ii.179;…

(trs.) to “unprop,” unsettle, discard; to destroy, extirpate, paralyse (cp khambha 2 and chambheti), give up, reject Snp.969 (= abhibhavati etc. Mnd.492); Vism.268; Ja.i.303 (jhānabalena kilese v.); M …

adjective smoothed, soft, smooth, polished Ja.v.96 (˚ābharana), (C. explains as “visāla”), Ja.v.204, Ja.v.400 (of ornaments)
■ ubhato-bhāga˚; polished or smooth on both sides MN.i.385; AN.v.61 = …

…BSk., e.g. Mvu.iii.225; Divy.616 sq.

vi + nīvaraṇa

only in phrase -ññū either: knowing diffuseness or detail, or: of unillusioned understanding, clear-minded, unprejudiced combined with ugghaṭita-ññū at AN.ii.135 = Pp.41 (trsl^d by B. …

spreading out, effulgence, pervasion Vv-a.277.

vi + phuraṇa = pharaṇa

…= Vism.543.

• -gabbha-karaṇa (using charms for) procuring abortion DN.i.11; DN-a.i.96 (explained here as first trying to destroy the…

…viruṭañ ca gabbhakaraṇaṃ at Snp.927 with the passage viruddha-gabbhakaraṇaṃ at DN.i.11 (cp. DN-a.i.96), which seems more…

1. absence of rāga, dispassionateness, indifference towards (abl. or loc.) disgust, absence of desire, destruction of passions; waning, fading away cleansing, purifying; emancipation, Arahantship. DN. …

…e.g. Vism.250; Mhvs.6, Mhvs.44; Snp-a.583; Vv-a.38; Pv-a.214- visukaraṇa separation Thag-a.257.

cp. Sk. viṣu, a derivation fr….

…tight), ito c’ ito sañcaraṇahattho viya vicāro: giving vitakka the characteristic of fixity & steadiness,; vicāra that of movement…

overcoming, getting through MN.i.147 (kankhā˚); Mil.233 (id.), Mil.351; Sdhp.569.

fr. vitarati

…Pv.ii.8#1 (= vittiyā upakaraṇa-bhūtaṃ vittaṃ Pv-a.106)
■ Often in phrase -ūpakaraṇa possessions & means, i.e. wealth; e.g….

explicitness, detail Ne.2. As vitthāraṇā at Ne.9.

fr. vitthāra

1. uncovering, unveiling, making open, revelation, in loka˚; laying open the worlds, unveiling of the Universe; referred to as a great miracle at Vism.392; Mil.350; Dāvs ii.120; Ja.iv.266
2. opening …

…draws away the veil (cp. vivaraṇa or reveals (the Universe etc.); or one who is freed of all (mental & spiritual) coverings (thus Bdhgh), epithet…

…SN.v.263; cp. cetovivaraṇa
■ vivaṭa is freq.variant reading for vivatta (-cchada) e.g. at AN.ii.44; Snp.372; Dhp-a.iii.195;…

…paṭippassaddhi˚, nissaraṇa˚; as threefold at Vism.140 viz. kāya˚, citta˚, vikkhambhana˚, i.e. physically mentally, ethically; which…

1. to express, define, decide MN.i.499; DN.i.202; Mil.218.
2. to decide, govern over (a kingdom), give justice, administrate Ja.iv.134 (Bārāṇasiṃ maṃsa-sur-odakaṃ, i.e. provide with; double acc.), J …

adj. nt. belonging to reinstatement AN.i.99.

fr. v(i) + osāraṇā

…of vṛ: Dhtp.255 var varaṇa-sambhattisu; 274 val = saṃvaraṇe (see valaya), 606 var = āvaraṇ’icchāsu.

1….

…or veyvañjanika veyyākaraṇa, veyyāyika. It further appears as by˚ (like byaggha, byañjana, byappatha, byamha, byāpanna byābādha…

…jāti jarā vyādhi maraṇa, e.g. AN.ii.172; AN.iii.74 sq. Vism.232.

see byādhi

Vyādhi²

(camel) see…

…Ja.i.44; Dhp-a.iv.120.

fr. vyākaroti; see also veyyākaraṇa

…˚dhātu MN.iii.62. ˚nīvaraṇa MN.ii.203. See under each affix
■ Cp. avyāpāda.

fr. vyāpajjati. See also…

…talk; only in cpd. -karaṇa talk, speaking conversation, as kālyāṇa-vāk-karaṇa good speech AN.ii.97; AN.iii.195, AN.iii.261;…

…difficult Vin.ii.299 (adhikaraṇa).

cp. Sk. vyāla

Vāla³

neuter water; only in cpd. -ja a fish (cp. vārija).

= vāri, cp….

Vāraṇa¹

neuter warding off, obstruction, resistance Vb-a.194, Vb-a.195 (= nivāraṇa)
■ ātapa˚; sunshade Dāvs i.28; Dāvs v.35.

fr. vṛ; to obstruct

Vāraṇa²

1. elephant Ja …

Vāsaka, vāsika

adjective (-˚) living, dwelling; vāsaka: see saṃ˚. vāsika: gāma˚; villager Mhvs.28 Mhvs.15; Bārāṇasi˚; living in Benares Ja.iii.49. See also ante˚.

fr. vās …

Vāsaka, vāsika

adjective (-˚) living, dwelling; vāsaka: see saṃ˚. vāsika: gāma˚; villager Mhvs.28 Mhvs.15; Bārāṇasi˚; living in Benares Ja.iii.49. See also ante˚.

fr. vās …

Vāsin¹

adjective (-˚) clothed in, clad Snp.456 (sanghāṭi˚), Snp.487 (kāsāya˚); Pv.iii.1#6 (sāhunda˚); Ja.iii.22 (nantaka˚); Ja.iv.380 (rumma˚); f. vāsinī Vin.iii.139 ( …

…Ja.v.264.

• -haraṇa passing (mutually), carrying in between Ja.vi.355 (bhojanānaṃ). *…

…similarly Ja.iv.495: me maraṇaṃ seyyo yañ ce jīve tayā vinā

2. nt. yad:
   1. as pron in regular relative use e.g. SN.iii.44…

…Lat. Wtb. s. v. aestimo
■ The Dhtp (62) defines root by “deva-pūjā, sangati-karaṇa dānesu,” i.e. “said of deva-worship, of…

…also called Yamaka-ppakaraṇa; Tikp.8
■ The Yamakasutta refers to the conversion of the bhikkhu Yamaka and is given at SN.iii.109…

…yat, cp. Epic Sk….

…nihat’ âdhikaraṇaṁ punakammāya ukkoṭeyya pācittiyan ti i.e. a dispute settled in proper form; with explanation: y-…

…(yato + adhikaraṇaṃ) because (lit. by reason of which; cp. kim-ādhikaraṇaṃ, see adhik.) DN.i.70; DN.i.113; MN.i.269;…

…SN.iv.220; AN.iv.169.

-karaṇa the preparation of corn AN.iv.169. -kalāpī (or ˚inī) a sheaf of…

…(anujānāmi bh. adhikaraṇaṃ yebhuyyasikāya vūpasametuṃ), Vin.ii.93 (vivād’ âdhikaraṇaṃ dvīhi samathehi sammati:…

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …

…ñātīnaṃ kattabba-karaṇaṃ Pv-a.30);

• -parivatta the circle of relations DN.i.61; MN.i.267; Pp.57≈ *…

…Cnd.266#b ˚upeta);

• -karaṇa (adj.) giving (right) understanding enlightening, in combination with cakkhukaraṇa…

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

…Ja.iii.31; Dhp-a.iii.83; Vv-a.187.

Sk. ābharaṇa, ā + bhṛ.

…(= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DN-a.i.98). 2. after evacuation Ja.iii.486.

• -kumbhī water-pitcher used for rinsing…

concentration, attention, mindfulness Snp-a.290 (+ daḷhīkaraṇa), Snp-a.398 (id.).

ā + dhāraṇatā

1. (m.) starting-point, beginning Snp.358 (acc. ādiṃ = kāraṇaṃ Snp-a.351); Dhp.375 (nom. ādi); Mil.10 (ādimhi); Ja.vi.567 (abl. ādito from the beginning). For use as nt. see below 2 b.
2. (adj & adv …

1. come, arrived Mil.18 (˚kāraṇa the reason of his coming); Vv-a.78 (˚ṭṭhāna); Pv-a.81 (kiṃ āgat’attha why have you come here) come by, got, attained (˚-) AN.ii.110 = Pp.48 (˚visa); Mhvs.xiv.28 (˚p …

…Thag.711; death DN.i.31 (= maraṇa DN-a.i.119). 2. shambles, slaughter-house Vin.i.182 (gav˚); AN.iv.138; Ja.vi.113. 3. place of execution…

adjective noun to be taken; taking away; only in phrase acorāharaṇo nidhi a treasure not to be taken by thieves Mil.320; Kp.viii.9; Kp-a.224; Sdhp.589.

fr. āharati

one who has to take or bring, a messenger Ja.ii.199; Ja.iii.328.

āharaṇa + ka

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

Ākoṭana¹

neuter beating on, knocking MN.i.385; Mil.63, Mil.306; Dhs-a.144.

fr. ākoṭeti

Ākoṭana²

adjective beating, driving, inciting, urging Ja.vi.253 (f. ākoṭanī of paññā, …

…Iti.108.

• -karaṇa making light, illumining Iti.108
• -da giving light or insight Thag.3
• -dassana seeing light, i.e….

…Thag.1055; Iti.18; Pv.ii.1#7; Pp.58; Mil.231, Mil.406; Vism.106; DN-a.i.80 (= vilopa-karaṇaṃ).

ā + lup, cp. ālumpati; BSk. ālopa,…

…Vv.80#2 (˚hatthābharaṇa); Pv.ii.9#51 (˚maṇikuṇḍala); Ja.iv.183; Vv-a.182.

Sk. āmukta, pp. of ā + muc, cp. also BSk….

and Ānañja immovability, imperturbability, impassibility. The word is n. but occurs as adj. at Vin.iii.109 (ānañja samādhi, with which cp. BSk. ānijyā śāntiḥ at Avs.i.199
■ T …

…Vin.ii.88 (˚adhikaraṇa), Vin.ii.259 (˚ṃ paṭikaroti); Vin.iv.344; DN.iii.212 (˚kusalatā); AN.i.84 (id.), AN.i.87; AN.ii.240…

…ārād, abl. as adv.; orig. a root der. fr. *ara remoteness, as in Sk. araṇa foreign & araṇya solitude q.v. under…

1. sun-heat Snp.52; Ja.i.336; Dhs.617; Dpvs.i.57; Vv-a.54; Pv-a.58.
2. glow, heat (in general Pv.i.7#4; Sdhp.396.
3. (fig.) (cp. tapa²) ardour, zeal exertion Pv-a.98 (viriyā-tapa; perh …

…be killed; C. explains as maraṇabhojana), Ja.i.211 (˚citta); Ja.ii.420 (˚anna, as above); Ja.iii.201, Ja.v.90, Ja.v.433; Ja.vi.248; Mil.139,…

…Ja.iv.188; Ja.vi.590.

fr. ā + vṛ; cp. āvarati; BSk. āvaraṇa in pañc’ āvaraṇāni Divy.378

keeping away from, withholding from AN.iii.436.

abstr. fr. āvaraṇa

…a wife DN.i.11 (= āvāha-karaṇa DN-a.i.96). 2. “getting up, bringing together”, i.e. a mass, a group or formation, in senā˚ a contingent…

…at DN-a.i.124 as “samosaraṇa”) DN.iii.241, DN.iii.279 (vimutti˚); SN.ii.41, SN.ii.269; SN.iv.217 SN.v.119 sq., SN.v.318. sq.; AN.iii.141…

…Dhp.185 (= payoga-karaṇa Dhp-a.iii.238). 5. (t. t.) obligation guarantee(?) Snp-a.179
■ Cp. sam˚.

Sk. āyoga, of ā + yuj;…

to place, set up, fix, arrange, establish; appoint to (c. loc.); to place aside, save, put by, leave out Vin.ii.32 (pavāraṇaṃ), Vin.ii.191 (ucce & nīce ṭhāne to place high or low), Vin.ii.276 (pavāraṇ …

…or kāraṇehi pāmujjakaraṇaṃ ṭh. (object) Snp.256; ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti ekaccesu na sameti “I agree in certain points, but not…