…comely and handsome grew Asita. Feeling that their austerities were evidently fruitless, they questioned Asita who urged them to discard their…

asita¹

neuter scythe; sickle.

asita²

pp neuter eating

…Snp.519, Snp.593, Snp.686 (Asitavhaya, called the Asita i.e. the Unattached; cp. Snp-a.487), Snp.698 (id.), Snp.717, Snp.957, Snp.1065 (cp….

…by dhāta suhita p.73*Asita

= asita¹?

*Āsita²

at Vv-a.276 is better read with variant reading SS…

…a story of the past where Asita Devala had defeated brahmins who held these same views, Assalāyana feels relieved and expresses his admiration…

Nephew of Asita Kāladevala. When Asita realized that he would not live to see the Buddha, he sought out Nālaka and asked him to leave the world at…

…; they were rebuked by Asita Devala for their pretensions regarding the superiority of brahmins.

Puṇṇa²Koliyaputta

A naked…

A monk who was declared foremost in the gift of spontaneous poetic expression. AN.i.24

The Theragāthā contains numerous verses spoken by him on various occasions Thag.1208–1279 SN.i.183ff. Some of …

what is not eaten

overcoming the dark (fortnight?):

sickle and carrying pole or flail

yielding a deep furrow.

connected with, attached to, rooted in, the household (sensual) life; appropriate only for the household life.

connected with, attached to, rooted in, the of renunciation; appropriate (only) to the life of renunciation.

of nāseti removed; expelled; spoiled, ruined; destroyed

(one) who is subject to expulsion.

illumination, brightness

the sound of coughing.

served, honored

(from upāsati) one who serves, who honors.

troubled, irritated.

living in or on

trouble; d distressed.

to rejoice at, find pleasure in (acc.), approve of, be pleased or delighted with (acc. DN.i.46 (bhāsitaṃ), DN.i.55 (id.), DN.i.158, DN.i.223; MN.i.109, MN.i.458; SN.i.32 (annaṃ), SN.i.57, SN.i.14, (ca …

adjective “settled in”, attached to, clinging on Cnd.152 (gahita parāmaṭṭha a.); Pv-a.267 (= ajjhāsita Pv.iv.8#4).

abhi + niviṭṭha, pp. of abhi-nivisati

hoarse & loud laugh Ja.iii.223 (= danta-vidaṃsaka-mahā-hasita C.).

onomat.

…(pabbajita).

cp. Sk. adhyavasita, from adhi + ava + sā; but sita is liable to confusion with sita = Sk. śrita, also through…

intent on, bent on Mil.361 (jhān˚). Cp. ajjhosita & nissita.

pp. of adhi + ā + śri

…Cnd. under nissita (in form asita allīna upagata) 2. soiled by (-˚), dirtied AN.ii.201. -anallīna “to which nothing sticks” i.e. pure,…

1. to advise, admonish, instruct in or give advice upon (c. acc.) to exhort to Vin.i.83; DN.i.135; DN.ii.154; Dhp.77, Dhp.159 (aññaṃ); Ja.vi.368; Cp.i.10#3; Pv.ii.6#8; Pv-a.148
   grd anusāsiya V …

to treat with fragrant oil, i.e. to make an injection or give an enema of salubrious oil Mil.169; grd. -vāsanīya ibid.; pp. -vāsita Mil.214.

anu + vāseti, Caus. of vāsa³ odour, perfume

adjective not touched, virgin- Vv-a.113 (˚khetta).

an + āmasita, pp. of āmassati

adjective not to be touched Ja.ii.360 (C. anāmāsitabba).

grd. of an + āmassati, Sk. āmaśya

(apānga) the outer corner of the eye Ja.iii.419 (asitâpangin black-eyed); Ja.iv.219 (bahi˚). Spelt avaṅga at Vin.ii.267, where the phrase avangaṃ karoti i.e. expl^d. by …

…as a +…

…Ja.iv.371 (an˚). pp. asita (q.v.). See also the spurious forms asmiye & añhati; (añhamāna Snp.240), also…

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

(-˚) shining with, resplendent Sdhp.590.

late form of obhāsita

adjective not having reached perfection, imperfect Thag.784 (aby˚).

a + vyosita, Sk. vyavasita

Aṭṭha¹

num. card, eight, decl. like pl. of adj. in-a A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds ˚angula, ˚nakha, ˚pada, ˚pāda B. The number in …

…Epic Sk….

1. see bhasati.
2. pp. of bhas “crumbled to ashes” see bhasma.

…by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes,” a pp. of it is bhasita; it also occurs in Sk. loc. bhasi

…by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes,” a pp. of it is bhasita; it also occurs in Sk. loc. bhasi

Bhaṭṭha¹

dropped, fallen down Ja.i.482; Ja.iv.222, Ja.iv.382; Ja.v.444. Cp. pari˚.

pp. of bhraṃś, see bhassati

Bhaṭṭha²

spoken, said Vv.63#19 (su˚ = s …

barking Ja.iv.182 (˚sadda, barking, noise). See also bhasita.

pp. of bhusati

Bhāsati¹

to speak, to say, to speak to, to call MN.i.227, Snp.158 Snp.562, Snp.722; Dhp.1, Dhp.246, Dhp.258; also bhāsate Snp.452
pot bhāseyya Vin.ii.189; Snp.451, Snp.930; Snp-a.46 …

adjective (-˚) speaking AN.i.102 (dubbhāsita-bhāsin).

cp. Epic Sk. bhāṣin

spoken, said, uttered AN.v.194; Mil.28; Dhp-a.iv.93
■ (nt.) speech, word Dhp.363; MN.i.432. Usually as su˚ & dub˚; (both adj. & nt.) well & badly spoken, or good & bad speech Vin.i.172; MN.ii.250 …

one who speaks, utters; a speaker SN.i.156; Pp.56; Snp-a.549.

n. ag. fr. bhāṣ

adjective (-˚) speaking, reciting Snp.850 (manta˚; a reciter of the Mantras, one who knows the M. and speaks accordingly, i.e. speaking wisely, explained by Snp-a.549 as “mantāya pariggahetvā vāca …

…(niraya-bhaya˚); Ja.ii.110 (maraṇa-bhaya˚), Ja.ii.129, Ja.iv.141 (+ tasita); Pv-a.154, Pv-a.280 (+ tasita). Cp. sam˚.

pp. of bhāyati

…chattering?) AN.i.261 (of hasita, laughter)

• -sampatti splendour of teeth Dhp-a.i.390.

Sk. danta fr. acc. dantaṃ of…

flag, banner; mark, emblem, sign, symbol Vin.i.306 (titthiya˚: outward signs of); Vin.ii.22 (gihi˚); SN.i.42 SN.ii.280; AN.ii.51; AN.iii.84 sq. (panna˚); MN.i.139 (id.) AN.iii.149 (dhamma); Ja.i.52 (\ …

Du˚¹

(& before vowels dur˚) indeclinable

1. syllable of exclamation (= duḥ “bad, woe” (beginning the word du (j)-jīvitaṃ) Dhp-a.ii.6, Dhp-a.ii.10 = Pv-a.280, cp. Ja.iii.47; Bdhgh’s …

…(˚gandha), SN.i.23; w. asita anāsava Snp.219. Cp. pahīnamānassa na santi ganthā SN.i.14. See also ādāna˚; cp. ganthaniya. 2. [only in…

… pp hasita (& haṭṭha).

owing to similarity of meaning the two roots has to laugh (Sk. hasati, pp. hasita) &…

…Pv.iii.3#5 (= hasitavant hasita-mukhin C.); Mil.297 Bv.i.28; Ja.i.62 (? read hesita); Ja.iii.223; Vism.20.

• -uppāda…

… pp hasita (& haṭṭha).

owing to similarity of meaning the two roots has to laugh (Sk. hasati, pp. hasita) &…

neighing Ja.i.62 (here as hasita); Mhvs.23, Mhvs.72.

pp. of hesati

of kasati) ploughed, tilled Anvs.44; -a˚; untilled ibid. 27, 44
■ Cp. vi˚.

one who makes or creates, a maker, doer; in foll. construction.

I. Dependent

Either in verb-function with acc., as n. agent to all phrases with karoti e.g. pañhaṃ karo …

…divided into 4 kinds, viz. asita, pīta, khāyita sāyita Pv.i.5#2 (= Pv-a.25) Ja.i.58; Mil.2. -bhājaka a distributor of…

1. bad doing, misconduct, bad character. Def. kucchitaṃ kataṃ kukataṃ tassa bhāvo kukkuccaṃ Vism.470 & Bdhd 24
   ■ Various explanations in Nd ii.on Snp.1106 = Dhs.1160, in its literal sense it is b …

…(of a festival) AN.iv.55 (hasitalapita˚); Pv-a.76 (sādhu˚)
■ (nt.) amusement, sport celebration MN.i.229 (kīḷita-jātaṃ kīḷati)….

adverb “by a certain weight,” i.e. a little, somewhat, almost, well-nigh, nearly. combined with vata in exclamation: MN.ii.123 (m. v. bho anassāma); Dhp-a.iii.147 (m. v. therī nāsi …

…mouth Dhs-a.330 (mukhena asitabba) -ullokana looking into a person’s face, i.e. cheerful bright, perhaps also…

…reads māsita & explains by asita, dhāta); visa-māsita Mil.302 (T. reads visamāsita) having taken in poison; visa- māsan- ûpatāpa (id.)…

…reads māsita & explains by asita, dhāta); visa-māsita Mil.302 (T. reads visamāsita) having taken in poison; visa- māsan- ûpatāpa (id.)…

…reads māsita & explains by asita, dhāta); visa-māsita Mil.302 (T. reads visamāsita) having taken in poison; visa- māsan- ûpatāpa (id.)…

…mind, unrest uneasiness DN.i.17.

Sk. *nir-vasit-ātman or *nirvasitatvaṃ (nt. abstr.), to nis-vasati, cp. nirvāsana = nibbisaya

…Ja.vi.330; Pv-a.111 (Asitañjana˚, variant reading BB nagara). Cp. negama.

Sk. nigama, fr. nigacchati = a meeting-place or market, cp. E….

adjective one who is ejected Vin.iv.140 (of a bhikkhu).

see nāsa & nāseti

Obhāsati¹

to shine, to be splendid Pv.i.2#1 (= pabhāseti vijjoteti Pv-a.10)
caus obhāseti to make radiant or resplendent to illumine, to fill with light or splendo …

to laugh, giggle Ja.v.452 (ūhasati +). See also pahassati & pahāsati
pp pahasita (q.v.).

pa + has

laughing, smiling, joyful, pleased Mil.297; Ja.i.411 (nicca˚ mukha), Ja.ii.179.

pp. of pahasati or ˚hassati

…hāsajāta) The pp. pahasita (q.v.) is derived fr. pres. pahasati which makes the equation pahassati…

…as pp. of pahasati, because of combination haṭṭha pahaṭṭha hasita pahasita.

pp. of pahaṃsati²

to shine forth, to be visible, to become known Snp.445, Snp.1032 (= bhāsati tapati virocati Cnd.373)
caus pakāseti to show up, illustrate, explain make known, give information …

explained, manifested, made known SN.i.161, SN.i.171 sq.; SN.ii.107 (su˚); Pv-a.53, Pv-a.63.

pp. of pakāseti

Parikanta¹

cut open Vin.iii.89 (kucchi p.). See also parikatta & cp. Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v (misreading for ˚katta?)
■ Note. Reading parikantaṃ upāhanaṃ at Ja.vi.51 is with varian …

…Iti.94. pp. paritasita (q.v.).

pari + tasati¹, in form clearly = Sk. paritṛṣyati, but freq….

worry, excitement DN.i.40 (variant reading ˚tassita, cp. Dial i.53). Paritassati (tasati)

pari + tasita¹ or tasita²

…Iti.94. pp. paritasita (q.v.).

pari + tasati¹, in form clearly = Sk. paritṛṣyati, but freq….

adjective

1. “staying,” i.e. usual, accustomed, common Snp-a.35 (˚bhatta; or is it “fermented,” and thus to be taken to No. 3?) a˚ unusual, new, uncommon Ja.ii.435 (where it is combined with *[abhin …

adjective perfumed (all round) Ja.i.51 (variant reading ˚vārita); cp. samparivāsita (well-seasoned?), which is perhaps to be read at Ja.ii.435 for aparivāsika.

pari + pp. of vāseti fr. vāsa³

…at Cnd.227
ger parāmassa DN.ii.282; MN.i.130, MN.i.498 (but cp. p. 541); grd. parāmasitabba Ja.i.188
pp…

…or si, Sk. prasita, on change of i to u see Geiger,

Pali Grammar

§ 19#3. In meaning confounded with pasavate of pa +…

1. (perhaps we should read pavārita?) given as present, honoured Ja.v.377 (= pesita C.).
2. (so perhaps to be read for pavūsita T.) scented, permeated with scent Vv-a.237 (variant reading padhūpita p …

at Vv-a.237 is misreading either for pavāsita or (more likely) for padhūpita (as variant reading SS.), in meaning “blown” i.e. scented, filled with scent.

1. “to sit close round,” i.e. to attend on (acc.), to honour, pay homage, worship DN.i.47; DN.ii.257; MN.ii.117, SN.i.146; AN.i.124, AN.i.126, AN.i.142; AN.iv.337; Dhp.64 Dhp.65; Thag.1236; Ja.vi.222 …

worshipped Pv-a.116 (= upaṭṭhita), Pv-a.205 (= purakkhata).

pp. of payirupāsati

…Ja.iii.320 (where Cy. explains by phālita vikasita).

…spread Ja.iii.320 (+ vikasita). 2. split [fr. phāleti phal ], split open Vism.262 = Vb-a.245 (˚haliddi-vaṇṇa).

= Sk. sphārita,…

…cp….

honoured, esteemed, preferred DN.i.50; MN.i.85; SN.i.192, SN.i.200; Snp.199, Snp.421 Snp.1015; Mnd.154; Dhp.343 (= parivārita Dhp-a.iv.49) Ja.ii.48 (˚parivārita); Pv.iii.7#1 (= payirupāsita Pv-a.205 …

…Vv-a.308; Snp-a.374 (pāto asitabbo ti pātar-āso piṇḍa-pātass’ etaṃ nāmaṃ)-katapātarāsa (adj.) after breakfast Ja.i.227;…

…Ja.i.198; Pv-a.25 (with asita, khāyita & sāyita as fourfold food). 2. soaked or saturated with (-˚), in kasāyarasa˚; Ja.ii.98 (or =…

to find taste or satisfaction in (gen.), to delight in, to be pleased AN.iv.387 (bhāsitassa), AN.iv.388 (C.: tussati, see p. 470).

Pass-Demon formation fr. rasa

…Thag-a.62; sammasamāna Mil.219, Mil.325, Mil.398; pp sammasita.

saṃ + masati

grasped, understood, mastered Ja.i.78.

pp. of sammasati

one who grasps, sees clearly Snp.69.

see parivāsita.

…ger. santasitvā Ja.ii.398
pp santasita santatta.

saṃ + tasati²

frightened Mil.92; Pv-a.260 (= suṭṭhu tasita).

pp. of santasati

…(see e.g. santasita, santusita) or samantā (= altogether; Snp-a.152, Snp-a.154), or (dogmatically) *sakena…

…Snp.944, Snp.1044. See also asita².

pp. of sayati²

Sita³

bound; sātu-˚ Dhp.341 (bound to pleasure);…

spirituous (intoxicating) liquor (“drink”) Vin.ii.295; Vin.ii.301; Vin.iv.110; DN.i.146; AN.i.212 AN.i.295; Iti.63; Ja.i.199, Ja.i.252 (tikhiṇaṃ suraṃ yojetvā mixing a sharp drink); Dhp-a.ii.9; Dhp.2 …

Sutta¹

asleep Vin.iii.117; Vin.v.205; DN.i.70; DN.ii.130; Dhp.47; Iti.41; Ja.v.328
■ (nt.) sleep DN.ii.95; MN.i.448; SN.iv.169. In phrase --pabuddha “awakened from sleep” referring t …

furrow Vin.i.240 (satta sītāyo); gambhīrasīta with deep mould (khetta) AN.iv.237, AN.iv.238 (text, ˚-sita).

• -āloḷī mud from the furrow adhering to the plough Vin.i.206.

…expl. at Ja.i.342 by tasita); perhaps the derived meaning of: 2. moving, running (cp. to meaning 1 & 2 Gr.; τρέω to flee & to tremble),…

…for SN.ii.13; Mil.254
pp tasita¹. Cp pari˚.

Sk. tṛṣyati = Gr. τέρσομοι to dry up, Lat. torreo (= E. torrid, toast),…

…of tasati¹

Tasita²

frightened, full of fear Ja.i.26 (bhīta +), Ja.i.342, Ja.iv.141 (id.): Cnd.479 (or = tasiṇā?)….

thirst; fig. craving (see taṇhā SN.v.54, SN.v.58; Cnd.479 (to be read for tasitā?); Dhp.342, Dhp.343.

Diaeretic form of taṇhā, cp. dosiṇā → juṇhā, kasiṇa → kṛtsṇa, etc.

…tuṇhīyati; BB. tasati); Vism.544 (+ upādiyati ghaṭ yati); cp. tasati & pp. tasita.

= taṇhāyati, denom. fr. taṇhā, cp. Sk. tṛṣyati…

…tattha pi tāva ciraṃ vasitabbaṃ Snp.678. Neg. na tāva-yāva na not until MN.i.428; SN.v.261; AN.i.141≈(na t. kālaṃ karoti yāva na…

…variant reading ujj˚) = Pp.67 (= pāṇiṃ paharitvā mahāhasitaṃ hasati Pp-a.249).

ud + jagghati

to “ahem”! to cough, to clear one’s throat Vin.ii.222; Vin.iv.16; MN.ii.4; AN.v.65; aor. ukkāsi Ja.i.161, Ja.i.217
pp ukkāsita.

ud + kāsati of kas to cough

coughed, clearing one’s throat, coughed out, hawking DN.i.89; Bv.i.52 (+ khipita) -sadda the noise of clearing the throat DN.i.50; Ja.i.119; Dhp-a.i.250 (+ khipita˚).

pp. of ukkāsati

…laugh out loud Ja.ii.131 (= hasitaṃ karoti); Ja.iii.44; Ja.iv.197; Ja.v.299 (˚amāna hasamāna C.). Caus. umhāpeti Ja.v.297.

Sk….

…(petalokaṃ), Pv-a.123. 2. undergoing coming or come under, overpowered, suffering Nd ii.under asita (= ajjhupagata in same conn. at…

adjective (upa + vāsita] perfumed Pv-a.164 (for gandha-samerita).

1. furnished provided, served got ready, honoured with Snp.295 (˚asmiṃ yaññasmiṃ) Ja.v.173 (annena pānena); Pv.i.5#2 (= sajjita paṭiyatta Pv-a.25); Pv.ii.98 (= payirupāsita Pv-a.116); Pv-a.132.
2. …

lit. “to sit close by”, to go after, attend, follow, serve, honour, worship DN.ii.287; AN.i.162; Ja.v.339, Ja.v.371 (= upagacchati C.); Mil.418 (lakkhe upāseti fix his attention on the target).

3<sup …

honoured, served, attended Snp.1133, cp. Cnd.165; Thag.179.

pp. of upāsati

Uttāseti¹

to frighten, terrify Ja.i.230, Ja.i.385; Ja.ii.117.

Caus of uttasati, ud + tras, of which taṃs is uttāseti² is a variant

Uttāseti²

to impale AN.i.48 …

impaled Pv.iv.1#6 (= āvuta āropita Vv-a.220); Ja.i.499; Ja.iv.29.

pp. of uttāseti²

is a α ̔́πας λεγομένον at MN.i.172; read perhaps better as vambhayitaṃ: see p.545Neumann trsl^s only “thus spoken” (i.e. bhāsitam etaṃ).

…grd. vasitabba Snp.678; Pv-a.42; & vatthabba Mhvs.3 Mhvs.12;
inf. vatthuṃ Thig.414, &…

…DN.i.18 (= ciṇṇavasitattā vasī DN-a.i.112); DN-a.iii.29; Snp.372; Vism.154 (fivefold); Mhvs.1, Mhvs.13 (vasī vasi); Dāvs…

dwelled, lived, spent Mhvs.20, Mhvs.14.

pp. of vasati²

…at Cpd. 58 sq., 207.

n. ag. fr. vasita

Vasā¹

feminine a cow (neither in calf nor giving suck) Snp.26 Snp.27 Snp-a.49 (= adamita-vuddha-vacchakā)

Vedic vaśā; cp. vāśitā; Lat. vacca cow

Vasā²

feminine fat, tallow …

…de- and dis-, e.g. ˚kasita burst asunder, ˚kubbana change, i.e. miracle (meta-morphosis), ˚kkaya sell (“ver-kaufen”), ˚kkhambhati…

illuminated, made bright, shining forth Sdhp.591.

pp. Caus. of vi + bhāsati²

…fully (of flowers)
pp vikasita. Caus. vikāseti to open Ja.vi.364 (hatthaṃ).

vi +…

burst asunder, blossoming, opened (wide), expanded, usually applied to flowers Ja.iii.320 (= phālita C.); Ja.iv.407; Vv-a.40, Vv-a.206 (of eyes) Snp-a.i.39; DN-a.i.40.

pp. of vikasati¹

one who plucks or pulls, bender of a bow, archer Ja.vi.201.

fr. vi + kṛṣ, kasati

…(of woman); Ja.vi.44 (of a tree, vilāsamāna T.)
pp vilasita.

vi + lasati

adjective shining; gay, playful, coquettish Ja.v.420.

pp. of vilasati

adjective decided, resolute Snp-a.200.

pp. of vi + ava + sā (or śri?), cp. vyavasāna

…(cp. pp. vyavasita; or śri?), thus mixture of sṛj & sā. Cp. a similar difficulty of sā under…

…with asita (see asita⁴ in corr. to pt 2) “sickle & pole” MN.ii.180; AN.iii.5. 2. a flail…

…(katvāna vākyaṃ Asitassa tādino); Snp.1102 (= vacana Cnd.559); Ja.iv.5 Ja.v.78; Tha-ap.25; Kp-a.166 (˚opādāna resumption of the…

Vāseti¹

Caus. of vasati² (q.v.).

Vāseti²

to perfume, to clean or preserve by means of perfumes, to disinfect (?) Vin.i.211 (here in the sense of “preserve, cure,” …

1. scented Ja.i.65; Ja.ii.235 (su˚); Ja.iii.299; Ja.v.89; Vism.345.
2. [preferably fr. vāseti¹ = vasati²] established, made to be or live, preserved Mhvs.8, Mhvs.2 So also in phr …

adjective scented, perfumed Vin.iv.341 (vāsitakena piññākena nhāyeyya: should bathe with perfumed soap)
■ f. vāsitikā (scil. mattikā) scented clay Vin.ii.280 (id.).

fr. vāsita

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …

…to the fourfold tasting as asita (eaten), pīta (drunk), khāyita (chewed), sāyita (tasted) food Pv-a.25. A synonym with mūla, hetu, etc. for…

…Vin.iii.140 (udakapattaṃ) Ja.ii.330; grd. āmassa Ja.ii.360 (an˚) and āmasitabba id. (Comm.)
pp āmaṭṭha & āmasita;…

touched, taken hold of, occupied Vv-a.113 (an˚ khetta virgin land).

pp. of āmasati

touched, handled Ja.i.98 (an˚); DN-a.i.107 (= parāmaṭṭha); Sdhp.333.

Sk. āmṛṣṭa, pp. of āmasati; cp. āmasita

…breakfast Snp.387 (pāto asitabbo ti pātar-āso piṇḍapātass’ etaṃ nāmaṃ Snp-a.374); Dhp-a.iv.211; see further ref under pātar;…

sitting, sitting down; a seat, throne MN.i.469; Vin.i.272 (= pallankassa okāsa); SN.i.46 (ek sitting alone, a solitary seat); AN.iii.389 (an˚ without a seat); Snp.338, Snp.718, Snp.810, Snp.981; Mnd.1 …

wished or longed for Pv-a.104. *Asita

pp. of āsāsati, Sk. āśiṣṭa

adjective 80 years old MN.ii.124; Ja.iii.395; Snp-a.172.

fr. asīta

Āsītika

masculine a certain plant MN.i.80 = MN.i.245 (˚pabba).

etym.? Cp. BSk. āsītakī Lal.319

…occasion of… Dhp-a.i.89 (hasitabba˚, saṃvega˚, dātuṃ yutta˚); pubbe nibbatta -ṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya “since the state (or the…