large vessel or jar.

of cāṭi

1. a jar, vessel, pot Ja.i.199; Ja.i.302 (pānīya˚); Ja.iii.277 (madhu˚ honey jar); Dhp-a.i.394 (tela oil tank); Vv-a.76 (sālibhatta˚ holding a meal of rice).
2. a measure of capacity Ja.ii.404; Ja.i …

Abhaya ¹

A monk whose verse concerning the bewildering effects of beautiful sights is in the Theragāthā. Thag.98

Abhaya²Abhayarājakumāra

The son of King Bimbisāra and of Padum …

A ford, evidently a well-known bathing-ghat, where pilgrims used to bathe in order to obtain purification from their sins. It is mentioned in a list of rivers and ghats. MN.i.39

4ford

A banker (seṭṭhi) of Sāvatthī who became famous because of his unparalleled generosity to the Buddha. His first meeting with the Buddha was during the first year after the Enlightenment, in Rājagaha …

Hell. Descriptions of it are to be found in several places in the four Nikāyas MN.iii.183 AN.i.141–142 It is a quadrangular space, one hundred leagues each way, four-doored, walled all round and abov …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

MāraNamuciKaṇhaAdhipatiAntakaPamattabandhuPāpimā

Generally regarded as the personification of Death, the Evil One, the Tempter. Sometimes known as the Dark One (Kaṇha). Snp.355 MN.i.377 DN.ii.262 T …

Nanda¹Vaccha

Mentioned in a list of well known leaders of the Ajivakas, the others being Kisa Saṅkicca and Makkhali Gosāla. MN.i.524 They were declared by Purāṇa Kassapa, in his classifica …

The Buddha visited Pātaligāma shortly before his death. Although it later became the capital of Magadha, it was then a mere village. At that time Ajātasattu’s ministers, Sunīdha and Vassakāra, were en …

A city, the capital of Māgadha.

The place was called Giribbaja (mountain stronghold) because it was surrounded by five hills—Paṇḍava, Gijjhakūṭa, Vebhāra, Isigili and Vepulla. It is said MN.iii.68 th …

A very learned brahmin of Candalakappa. One day he saw Dhānañjānī trip up, and heard her exclaim three times, “Glory to the Buddha, the arahant, the all enlightened.” He blamed her for thus extolling …

A minister of Māgadha, who, with Vassakāra, was in charge of the fortifications of Pāṭaligāma, built in order to repel the Vajjīs. These two are always mentioned together. They invited the Buddha to a …

Sāgata

He was the personal attendant of the Buddha at he time when Soṇa Kolvisa visited Bimbisāra, with overseers of the eighty thousand townships of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Sāgata was endowed with supe …

The capital of Gandhāra. The Vinaya describes it as the place of education of Jīvaka, the Buddha’s doctor. Vin.i.269f.

Takkasilā is identified with the Greek Taxila, in Rawalpindi in the Punjab.

3 …

UddakaRāmaputta

One of the teachers under whom Gotama, after leaving the world and before he became the Buddha, received instruction. Uddaka taught him the doctrine which had been realised and procla …

Udena¹Utena

King of Kosambī. He was the son of Parantapa. Once when be discovered that the women of the court had given five hundred costly robes to Ānanda, he was annoyed, but when in ans …

Upāli ¹

One of the most eminent of the Buddha’s immediate disciples. He belonged to a barber’s family in Kapilavatthu and entered the service of the Sākiyan princes. When Anuruddha and his …

A brahmin, chief minister of Ajātasattu. He and Sunidha were in charge of the fortifications of Pāṭaligāma, built against the Vajjī. Vin.i.228 Ud.viii.6 DN.ii.72ff.

At Ajātasattu’s suggestion, Vass …

One of the five hills surrounding Rājagaha. MN.iii.68 In this hill was the Sattapaṇṇiguhā, where the first Convocation was held. Vin.ii.76 The river Tapodā rose in a lake at the foot of Vebhāra.

25.0 …

ĀjīvakāĀjīvikā

A class of naked ascetics, Vin.i.291 followers of Makkhali Gosāla, regarded, from the Buddhist point of view, as the worst of sophists. Numerous references to the Ājīvakas are to be fo …

rubbing with oil, smearing, oiling, lubricating; unguent, oil.

sprinkles; sprinkles (with water) to inaugurate as king or queen; consecrates.

asks; entreats.

1. inclines to; believes, is sure of; is convinced.
2. concentrates on; pervades (in thought or meditation); wills (magically), changes (by magic).
3. enters the body.

professing the doctrine that activity is not morally significant or effective; advocating abstention

professing the doctrine that activity is not morally significant or effective; advocating abstention

professing the doctrine that activity is not morally significant or effective; advocating abstention

(constant) equivocation, prevarication; shuffling to and fro.

lack of application; not devoting oneself (to)

leading; conciliating; supplicating, persuading.

(~entī)n. leading; conciliating; supplicating, persuading.

bewails, mourns over, regrets.

application; devotion (to).

without energy, without application

without energy, without application

outshines; surpasses in splendor; shines magnificently.

self-mortification.

attha¹

m rarely neuter

1. aim, purpose, goal; advantage, profit, benefit.
2. use, need, want (+ instr.).
3. 1. affair, concern, business; problem; thing, matter; (with verbs of saying, a …

summoning, invitation; invocation; naming.

summoning, invitation; invocation; name.

the cupped hands; esp. as raised to the head (as a gesture of respect or supplication).

1. smearing, anointing (?).
2. ointment, esp. a collyrium for the eyes, used for decoration or as a medication; a pigment.

1. (m.) one who speaks about something else, a prevaricator.
2. (n.) the offense of prevaricating

the art of prognosticating from parts of, or marks on, the body

indeclinable (never at beginning of sentence or phrase), if (usually with present indicative or opt., so even for conditions in the past); no ce, if not; yam ce, (after comparative) than; than that.

an act of purification in the presence of the gods.

1. in accordance with the teaching, the rule; properly.
2. according to what is right; justly, with justice.
3. rightly, with justification.

indeclinable hither and thither; in various locations.

1. (mfn. and n.) wrongly or wickedly done; badly made; badly arranged; what is wrongly done; an evil or wrong action.
2. (n.) a particular classification of (vinaya) offense.

integration, unification; apartness, withdrawal.

1. (mfn.) to be censured; deserving or involving reproach.
2. (m.n. or mfn.) the classification of a saṅgha offense.

indeclinable (enclitic) a vocative particle used to address a slave woman or a woman of low grade.

application, devotion to wakefulness.

jāni¹

feminine a wife.

jāni²

feminine loss, deprivation; fine, confiscation.

the division or classification of species or kinds.

weariness, exhaustion; mortification; distress, esp. physical distress; distress from lack (of, instr.).

professing the doctrine that activity is morally significant and produces effects; advocating activity

professing the doctrine that activity is morally significant and produces effects; advocating activity

professing the doctrine that activity is morally significant and produces effects; advocating activity

doing and not doing; (in the classification of an offense: a rule involving) action and non-action, commission and omission

exhilarated with the intoxication of anger

dances; acts on stage.

of naccati

of naccati

1. showing; indicating.
2. an example, an illustration; evidence; a comparison.

fast-day, a day of purification for jains.

1. 1. a sign or mark by which something or someone is recognized or identified or known or defined; a distinguishing mark or appearance; a perceived (enduring) attribute, predicate (especially that of …

cooks; infuses.

indicating, specifying; with reference (to a specific person)

loosens; takes off.

sprinkles; pours upon; pours out.

curses, imprecates.

sa-uddesa

mfn. with a specification; with a brief description

religious austerity; ascetic practice; (as practiced by non-Buddhists often) self mortification.

particular classification of (Vinaya) offense.

worldly science (especially connected with prognosticating)

defecating and passing urine

believing in or seeking purification through water

1. recitation, instruction; indication; brief indication, brief statement; summary exposition.
2. instructing, specifying; inviting; food for a specific person.

indicating, signifying (silently); looking to (as a teacher); designating; with reference to, for the sake of, in the name of; in the direction of

causing madness, causing intoxication.

ending in causing intoxication, with intoxication as its end

subsidiary fortification added to a rampart; a low bastion.

comparison, similarity, likeness; object of comparison; simile; exemplification; parable.

1. (for non-buddhists) a fastday, a day of purification; (for Buddhists) a day on which lay-followers undertake to observe eight abstinence and on which they listen to teaching on the dhamma (usuall …

rinsing; sipping (water, for purification); washing.

sips (water, for purification); rinses (one’s mouth or one’s body)

sips (water, for purification); rinses (one’s mouth or one’s body)

sips (water, for purification); rinses (one’s mouth or one’s body)

form or variety of indicating; (another’s thoughts or state of mind)

the miracle or marvelous power of indicating (another’s thoughts or state of mind).

ādissa¹

absol. aiming at; indicating; specifying; with reference to; assigning

ādissa²

fpp mfn. to be pointed at; to be criticized

address, addressing, speaking to; (the sense of) the vocative case.

pours on or into; showers over; be-sprinkles, wets.

the practice of self-mortification and torture.

prays; begs, implores; requests, asks (someone, acc. or gen., for something, acc. or dat.).

1. standing; the act of standing, being fixed or stationary; continuance.
2. 1. a place; a locality; a spot; a site; a location; a suitable place; a worthy object.
   2. region, sphere; metaphysical o …

Abbhokāsik’anga: ‘living in the open air’, is one of the ascetic means to purification dhutānga.

Anicca: Impermanent, transient or, as abstract noun, aniccatā impermanence or change is the first of the three universal characteristics of existence tilakkhana, which is easily observable and …

Anuloma-ñāna: ‘adaptation-knowledge’ or conformity-knowledge, is identical with the ‘adaptation-to-truth knowledge’, the last of 9 insight-knowledges vipassanā - ñāna which constitute t …

[[ascetic purification practices]]Ascetic purification practices: see: dhutānga

Atta-kilamatha: Self-mortification = self-torture, is one of the two extremes to be avoided, the other extreme being addiction to sensual pleasures kāma - sukha, whilst the Noble 8-fold p …

Bhayatupatthāna-ñāna: ‘knowledge consisting in the awareness of terror’, is one of those kinds of insight-knowledge that form the ‘purification by knowledge and vision of the path -progress’ se …

Bodhi: from verbal root budhi to awaken, to understand: awakening, enlightenment, supreme knowledge. Through Bodhi one awakens from the slumber or stupor inflicted upon the mind by the defilemen …

Citta: ‘mind’, ‘consciousness’, ‘state of consciousness’, is a synonym of mano and viññāna see: khandha and Tab. 1. Dhs divides all phenomena into consciousness citta mental properties *ce …

Citta-visuddhi: ‘purification of mind’, is the 2nd of the 7 stages of purification visuddhi II,..

Hetu: ‘cause’, condition, reason; Abhidhamma root-condition. In sutta usage it is almost synonymous with paccaya ‘condition’, and often occurs together with it ’What is the cause, what is the c …

[[intoxicating drinks]]Intoxicating drinks: the evil effect of taking: see: surāmeraya.

[[pamsukūlik’anga]]Pamsukūlik’anga: the ‘vow to wear only robes made from picked-up rags’, is one of the ascetic rules of purification; see: dhutānga

Papañca: Sanskrit prapañca In doctrinal usage, it signifies the expansion, differentiation, ‘diffuseness’ or ‘manifoldness’ of the world; and it may also refer to the ‘phenomenal world’ in gener …

[[patched-up robes]]Patched-up robes: the practice of wearing: is one of the ascetic rules of purification dhutānga.

Patigha: - 1. In an ethical sense, it means: ‘repugnance’, grudge, resentment, anger, and is a synonym of vyāpāda, ill-will’ see: nīvarana and dosa ‘hate’ see: mūla It is one of the late …

Patipadā-ñānadassana-visuddhi: ‘purification by knowledge and vision of the path -progress’ forms the 6th stage of purification visuddhi.

Patisankhānupassanā-ñāna: ’knowledge consisting in reflective contemplation

is one of the 9 knowledges constituting the ‘purification by knowledge and vision of the path -progress’ patipadā \ …

[[patta-pindik’anga]]Patta-pindik’anga: the ‘exercise of the bowl-eater’, is one of the 13 ascetic purification-exercises dhutānga, consisting in the vow of using only the food-bowl for eat …

[[pindapātik’anga]]Pindapātik’anga: The ‘practice of going for food’, is one of the 13 ascetic purification-exercises see: dhutānga

Progress: s. patipadā, abhabbagamana - p. in morality, etc., see: hānabhāgiya etc. - Purification by knowledge and vision of path -progress, see: visuddhi VI. - p.: of the disciple …

Purification: the 7 stages of; see: visuddhi.

Puñña-kiriya-vatthu: ‘bases of meritorious action’. In the suttas, 3 are mentioned consisting of giving generosity; dāna - maya - p of morality sīla - maya - p and of mental de …

Pārisuddhi-padhāniyanga: the 4 ‘elements of the effort for purity’, are: effort for purity of morality sīla - parisuddhi - padhāniyanga for purity of mind citta of view ditthi of deli …

Tiracchāna-kathā: ‘low talk’, lit. ‘beastly talk’, is the name in the sutta-texts for the following:;Talk about kings and robbers, ministers and armies, danger and war, eating and drinking, clot …

Ādīnavānupassanā-ñāna: ‘knowledge consisting in contemplation of danger’, is one of the 8 kinds of insight vipassanā that form the ’purification of the knowledge and vision of the path -progre …

Ājīva-pārisuddhi-sīla: ‘morality consisting in purification of livelihood’, is one of the 4 kinds of perfect morality; see: sīla

Ākāsa: ‘space’, is, according to Com., of two kinds: 1. limited space paricchinnākāsa or paricchedākāsa, 2. endless space anantākāsa, i.e. cosmic space.

1. Limited space, under th …

Āraññikanga: The training of living in the forest, is one of the ascetic purification-exercises dhutānga.

anointing, lubricating, oiling; unction, unguent Vin.i.205; Vin.iii.79; Mil.367 (akkhassa a.); Vism.264; Vv-a.295.

fr. abbhañjati

Abhi-

I. Meaning

1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering, as contained in E. coming by and over-coming, thus literally having the function of facing …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) lit. gone forward, gone out, gone beyond. According to the traditional expl^n. preserved by Bdhgh. & Dhp (see e.g. DN-a.i.227 = Kp-a.114 = Vv-a.52) it is used in …

ā (f.) fixing one’s mind upon, application of the mind Pts.i.16, Pts.i.21, Pts.i.30, Pts.i.69 Pts.i.75, Pts.i.90; Vb.87; Dhs.7, Dhs.21, Dhs.298 (cp. Dhs trsl. ii.19) See also *[abhiro …

to cause to be sprinkled or inaugurated Ja.v.26. (imper. abhisecayassu).

caus. of abhisiñcati

1. sprinkled over, anointed Snp.889 (manasā, cp. Mnd.298); Mil.336 (amatena loka a.).
2. consecrated (King), inaugurated (more freq. in this conn. is avasitta), Vin.iii.44; AN.i.107 (khattiyo khattiye …

to sprinkle over, fig. to anoint (King), to consecrate AN.i.107 (Khattiy’ âbhisekena Ja.i.399 (fig. ˚itvā ger. Ja.ii.409 (id.); Ja.vi.161 (id.); Mnd.298; Mil.336 (amatena lokaṃ abhisiñci Bhagavā); Pv\ …

to ask, beg, entreat Snp.1101, cp. Cnd.86.

abhi + yācati

Abhiññā¹

feminine Rare in the older texts. It appears in two contexts. Firstly, certain conditions are said to conduce (inter alia) to serenity, to special knowledge (abhiññā), to specia …

to praise, honour, celebrate Dāvs v.66 (accayittha, pret.)-pp accita, q.v.

Vedic arcati, ṛc, orig. meaning to be clear & to sing i.e. to sound clear, cp. arci

Accha¹

adjective clear, transparent Vin.i.206 (˚kañjika); DN.i.76 (maṇi = tanucchavi DN-a.i.221), DN.i.80 (udakapatta), DN.i.84 (udaka-rahada); MN.i.100; SN.ii.281 (˚patta); SN.iii.105 ( …

(in verse); accī (f.) a ray of light, a beam, flame SN.iv.290 (spelt acchi), SN.iv.399; AN.iv.103; AN.v.9; Snp.1074 (vuccati jālasikhā Cnd.11); Ja.v.213; Mil.40; Thag-a.154 (dīp’) Sdhp.250.

Vedic …

honoured, praised, esteemed Ja.vi.180.

pp. of accati

(in compounds addha˚;)

1. (of space a path, road, also journey (see compounds & derivations); only in one ster. phrase Ja.iv.384 = Ja.v.137 (pathaddhuno paṇṇarase va cando, gen. for loc. ˚addha …

A. Prep. and pref. of direction & place:

1. as direction denoting a movement towards a definite end or goal up to, over, toward, to, on (see C 1a.)
2. as place where (prep. c. loc. or abs.) = …

1. to be drawn to, feel attached to or inclined towards, to indulge in (c. loc. SN.iii.225; SN.iv.185; AN.iv.24, AN.iv.145 sq., AN.iv.460; AN.v.17; Pp.63.
2. to become settled, to make up one’s mind a …

Adhimuccita & Adhimucchita

past participle drawn towards, attached to, infatuated, indulging in (with loc.) MN.ii.223 (an˚); SN.i.113; Thag.732 (variant reading ˚muccita), Thag.923 (cch), Thag.1175; …

Adhimuccita & Adhimucchita

past participle drawn towards, attached to, infatuated, indulging in (with loc.) MN.ii.223 (an˚); SN.i.113; Thag.732 (variant reading ˚muccita), Thag.923 (cch), Thag.1175; …

one who determines for something, easily trusting, giving credence. AN.iii.165 (variant reading ˚mucchitā)

n. ag. of adhimuccati

adjective intent upon (-˚ or with loc. or acc.), applying oneself to, keen on, inclined to, given to Vin.i.183; AN.v.34, AN.v.38; Dhp.226; Snp.1071 Snp.1149 (˚citta); Cnd.33; Ja.i.370 (dān˚) Pp.26; P …

past participle that which is not given, freq. in phrase adinn’ ādāna (BSk. adattādāna Divy.302 seizing or grasping that which is not given to one i.e. stealing, is the 2^nd of the ten qua …

Agga¹

adjective noun

1. (adj.)
   1. of time: the first, foremost Dpvs.iv.13 (saṅgahaṃ first collection). See cpds
   2. of space: the highest, topmost, Ja.i.52 (˚sākhā)
   3. of qual …

indeclinable exclamation of surprise or bewilderment: alas! woe etc., perhaps in cpd. ahevana a dense forest (lit. oh! this forest, alas! the forest (i.e. how big it is) Ja.v.63 (uttamāhevanandaho, …

snake Vin.ii.109; DN.i.77; SN.iv.198; AN.iii.306 sq.; AN.iv.320; AN.v.289; Mnd.484; Vism.345 (+ kukkura etc.); Vv-a.100; Pv-a.144.

• -kuṇapa the carcase of a snake Vin.iii.68 …

adjective personal, inward (cp. Dhs trsl. 207 & Mnd.346: ajjhattikaṃ vuccati cittaṃ) opp. bāhira outward (q.v.). See also āyatana
■ MN.i.62 SN.i.73 (˚ā rakkhā na bāhirā); SN.iv …

to be anxious about, to fret, worry Snp.948 (socati +); explained at Mnd.433 by nijjhāyati, at Snp-a.568 by abhijjhati (gloss BB gijjhati).

Sk. ādhyāyati, Denom. fr. adhyāya

? only found in one stock phrase, viz. gathita (q.v.) mucchita ajjhopanna with ref. to selfishness, greed bonds of craving. The reading ajjhopanna is the lectio difficilior, bu …

consent, agreement, justification Vin.ii.97, Vin.ii.104.

adhi + upa + gam

wrong time, bad luck, misadventure, misfortune. There are 9 enumerated at DN.iii.263; the usual set consists of 8; thus DN.iii.287; Vv-a.193; Sdhp.4 sq. See also *khaṇa-[vedhin](/de …

Amata¹

neuter

1. The drink of the gods, ambrosia, water of immortality, (cp BSk. amṛta-varṣa “rain of Ambrosia” Jtm.221).
2. A general conception of a state of durability & non-change a …

water Ja.v.6; Mnd.202 (a. vuccati udakaṃ); Dāvs ii.16
■ Cp. ambha.

• -cārin “living in the water”, a fish Snp.62 (= maccha Cnd.91).
• -sevāla a water-pla …

adjective not deceiving, open, honest Snp.941 (see Mnd.422: māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā). Cp. next.

a + māyā

the utter cessation of becoming. In the oldest Pali only in adj. form anabhāvaṃ kata or gata. This again found only in a string of four adjectives together expressing the most utter destruction. They …

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

pointed out, appointed, dedicated, nt. consecration, dedication Ja.v.393 (anudiṭṭha asukassa nāma dassatī ti C.); Pv.i.10#7 (= uddiṭṭha Pv-a.50).

pp. of anudisati

“according to taste”, i.e. satisfaction, thanks, esp. after a meal or after receiving gifts = to say grace or benediction, blessing, thanksgiving. In latter sense with dadāti (give thanks for = loca …

application, adjusting Dhs.8 (cittassa).

= anusandhi

connection, (logical) conclusion, application DN-a.i.122 (where 3 kinds are enumerated, viz. pucchā˚, ajjhāsayā˚, yathā˚); Ne.14 (pucchato; Hard., in Index “complete cessation”?!). Esp. freq in (Jā …

bewailing, mourning Pv-a.65.

abstr. fr. anusocati

to mourn for, to bewail Snp.851 (atītaṃ na a.; cp. Mnd.222); Pv.i.12#7; Pv.ii.6#8; Pv-a.95.

anu + socati

1. application, devotion to (-˚), execution, practice of (-˚); often comb^d. with anuyutta in phrase -anuyogaṃ anuyutta = practisiṅg e.g. Vin.i.190 (maṇḍan’ ânuyogaṃ anuyutta); DN.iii.1 …

adjective applying oneself to, full of application or zeal, devoted Pv-a.207.

anuyoga + vant

(& -yuñjana nt.) application or devotion to (-˚) Mil.178; Vv-a.346 (anuyujjanaṃ wrong spelling?)

abstr. fr. anuyuñjati

to go into, to take possession of, to visit MN.i.326; SN.i.67; Mil.156
pp anvāviṭṭha (q.v.). Cp. adhimuccati.

anu + ā + visati

adjective free from the 4 intoxications (see āsava) Vin.ii.148 = Vin.ii.164; DN.iii.112; Snp.1105, Snp.1133; Dhp.94, Dhp.126, Dhp.386; Cnd.44; Iti.75; Pp.27, Dhs.1101 Dhs.1451; Vb.4 …

adjective either “not neglectful, pure, clean” (= apalāpin fr. palāsa chaff cp. apalāyin at Ja.v.4), or “not selfish, not hard, generous (as inferred from comb^n. with amakkhin & amaccharin) …

adjective another, i.e. additional, following next, second (with pron. inflexion, i.e. nom. pl apare) DN.iii.190 (˚pajā another, i.e. future generation) Snp.791, Snp.1089 (n’); Ja.i.59 (aparaṃ divasaṃ …

Apekkhā & Apekhā

feminine attention, regard, affection for (loc.); desire longing for (c. loc.) SN.i.77; SN.iii.132; SN.v.409 (mātā-pitusu) Vin.iv.214; Snp.38 (= vuccati taṇhā etc. Cnd.65; = taṇhā s …

Apekkhā & Apekhā

feminine attention, regard, affection for (loc.); desire longing for (c. loc.) SN.i.77; SN.iii.132; SN.v.409 (mātā-pitusu) Vin.iv.214; Snp.38 (= vuccati taṇhā etc. Cnd.65; = taṇhā s …

thoughtfulness, carefulness, conscientiousness, watchfulness, vigilance, earnestness, zeal DN.i.13 (: a. vuccati satiyā avippavāso DN-a.i.104); DN.iii.30 DN.iii.104 sq., DN.iii.112, DN.iii.244, DN.ii …

appeti* application (of mind), ecstasy,fixing of thought on an object conception (as psychol. t. t.) Ja.ii.61 (˚patta); Mil.62 (of vitakka); Dhs.7, Dhs.21, Dhs.298; Vism.144 (˚samādh …

adjective noun Before Buddhism used as honorific title of high officials like the English ʻHis Worship’; at the rise of Buddhism applied popularly to all ascetics (Dial. iii.3–⁠6). Adopted by the Bu …

indeclinable exclam. of astonishment & excitement: he! hallo I say!, implying an imprecation: Away with you (with voc.) Ja.i.225 (dāsiputta-ceṭaka); Ja.iv.391 (duṭṭha-caṇḍāla) DN-a.i.265 (= re); Vv …

not leaving behind, not giving up, i.e. pursuing earnestly. Snp.69 (jhānaṁ = ajahamana Snp-a.123 cp. Cnd.94)

ppr. med. of P. riñcati for ricyati

Assu¹

neuter DN.i.115, DN.i.141; Dhp.67; Pp.56; DN-a.i.284; Pv-a.39. -mocana shedding of tears Pv-a.18.

Vedic aśru, Av. asrū, Lith aszarà, with etym. not definitel …

number 80 (on symbolical meaning & freq. application see; aṭṭha¹ B 1 c, where also most of the ref’s In addition we mention the foll.:) Ja.i.233 (˚hattha 80 hands, i.e. 80 cubits deep); J …

indeclinable adv. and prep of direction (forward motion), in primary meaning “on and further”, then “up to and beyond”.

I. in abstr position

adverbially (only as ttg.): in excess, extremel …

indulging too much in the use of the “dhonas”, i.e. the four requisites of the bhikkhu, or transgressing the proper use or normal application of the requisites (expl^n. at Dhp-a.iii.344, cp …

to be left over, to remain Sdhp.23, Sdhp.126.

ati + riccati, see ritta

to shine magnificently (trs.) to outshine, to surpass in splendour DN.ii.208; Dhp.59; Pv.ii.9#58 Mil.336 (+ virocati); Dhp-a.i.446 (= atikkamitvā virocati …

Ativattar¹

one who insults or offends Ja.v.266 (isīnaṃ ativattāro dharusavācāhi atikkamitvā vattāro C.).

Sk. *ativaktṛ, n. ag. to ati-vacati; cp. ativākya

Ativattar²

one wh …

atta (the latter is the form used in comp^n.)

I. Inflection

1. of attan- (n. stem); the foll. cases are the most freq:
   ■ acc. attānaṃ DN.i.13, DN.i.18 …

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

adjective noun

1. (temporal) past, gone by (cp. accaya 1)
   1. adj.; atītaṃ addhānaṃ in the time which is past SN.iii.86; AN.iv.219; AN.v.32
      ■ Pv.ii.12#12 (atītānaṃ, scil. attabhāvāuaṃ par …

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

(-˚) besprinkled, anointed, consecrated, only in phrase rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto of a properly consecrated king (see also khattiya) DN.i.69; DN.ii.227; DN.iii.64; Pp.56; DN …

(-˚) adjective pouring over (act. & med.), overflowing Ja.i.400 (an˚).

fr. osiñcati

adjective

1. (lit.) flowing out or down, oozing, leaking Ja.iv.20.
2. (fig.) (cp. anvāssava & āsava) filled with desire lustful (opp.; anavassuta, q.v.) Vin.ii.236; SN.iv.70, SN.iv.184 (an˚); AN. …

calling to, asking, invocation, imploration DN.i.11 (Sir-avhāyane, variant reading avhayana expl^d. at DN-a.i.97 with reading Sirivhāyana as “ehi Siri mayhaṃ sire patiṭṭhāhī ti evaṃ sire S …

adjective noun thoughtfulness, mindfulness, attention; adj. not neglectful, mindful, attentive eager Vin.v.216; Snp.1142 (cp. Cnd.101: anussatiyā bhāvento); DN-a.i.104 (appamādo vuccati satiyā avippa …

pronoun demonstr. pron. “this, he”; f. ayaṃ; nt. idaṃ & imaṃ “this, it” etc. This pron. combines in its inflection two stems, viz. as˚; (ayaṃ in nom. m. & f.) & im˚; (id in nom. nt.).

I. Form …

noun adjective

1. (n.) gentleman, sire, lord master Ja.iii.167 = Pv-a.65; Dhp-a.i.8 (ayyā pl. the worthy gentlemen, the worthies), Dhp-a.i.13 (amhākaṃ ayyo our worthy sir); Dhp-a.ii.95
2. (adj.) …

Ja.i.417, read añchati (see next).

pronoun another etc

A. By itself

1. other not the same, different, another, somebody else (opp oneself) Vin.iii.144 (aññena, scil. maggena, gacchati to take a different route); Snp.459, Sn …

knowledge, recognition, perfect knowledge, philosophic insight, knowledge par excellence, viz. Arahantship, saving knowledge gnosis (cp. on term Compend. 176 n. 3 and Psalms of Brethren introd. xx …

1. (lit.) a constituent part of the body, a limb, member; also of objects: part, member (see cpd. ˚sambhāra); uttam˚aṅga the reproductive organ Ja.v.197; also as “head” at Thag-a.209. Usually in cp …

Aṭṭha¹

num. card, eight, decl. like pl. of adj. in-a A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds ˚angula, ˚nakha, ˚pada, ˚pāda B. The number in …

adjective to strengthen, cp. upabrūhana, paribbūḷha much, many, large, abundant; plenty; in compound also very, greatly (˚-) instr. sg. bahunā Dhp.166; nom. pl bahavo Vin.iii.90; Dhp.307, & *bahū …

Bala¹

neuter

1. strength power, force DN.ii.73; AN.i.244; Thag.188; Dhp.109 (one of the 4 blessings, viz. āyu, vaṇṇa, sukha, bala; cp Dhp-a.ii.239); Pv.i.5#12 (= kāya-bala Pv-a.30); Pv …

begged food, alms, alms-begging; food Vin.iv.94; Cp.i.1#4; Vv.70#4 (ekāhā bh. food for one day) Mil.16; Pv-a.3, Pv-a.75, Pv-a.131 (kaṭacchu˚); bhikkhāya carati to go out begging food [cp. Sk. bh …

(Bhīyo, Bhīyyo)

1. (adj.) more Snp.61 (dukkham ettha bhiyyo), Snp.584 (id.), Snp.306 (bh. taṇhā pavaḍḍhatha); Dhp.313 (bh. rajan ākirate), Dhp.349 (bh. taṇhā pavaḍḍhati).
2. (adv.) in a higher degree …

the young of an animal, esp. of an elephant, in its property of being dirty (cp. pigs) Vin.ii.201 = SN.ii.269 (bhinka-cchāpa) Ja.v.418 (with ref. to young cats: “mahā-biḷārā nelamaṇḍalaṃ vuccati tar …

adjective noun

1. belonging to the earth, earthly, terrestrial; nt. soil, ground, floor Snp.222 (bhūtāni bhummāni earthly creatures contrasted with creatures in the air, antalikkhe), Snp.236 (id.); S …

Bhuñjati¹

to eat (in general), to enjoy, make use of, take advantage of, use Snp.102, Snp.240, Snp.259, Snp.619; Dhp.324 Pp.55.
pot bhuñjeyya Snp.400; Dhp.308, 2^nd pl *bhuñj …

producing, dwelling on something, putting one’s thoughts to, application, developing by means of thought or meditation, cultivation by mind, culture
■ See on term Dhs translation 261 (= ² …

adjective (-˚) speaking, reciting Snp.850 (manta˚; a reciter of the Mantras, one who knows the M. and speaks accordingly, i.e. speaking wisely, explained by Snp-a.549 as “mantāya pariggahetvā vāca …

grown, become; born, produced; nature as the result of becoming. The (exegetical) definition by Bdhgh of the word bhūta is interesting. He (at MN-a.i.31) distinguishes the foll. 7 …

1. the arm AN.ii.67 = AN.iii.45 (˚bala); Vin.ii.105; Ja.iii.62; Ja.v.215 (˚mudu). pacchā-bāhaṃ arm(s) behind (his back) DN.i.245 (gāḷhabandhanaṃ baddha). bāhaṃ pasāreti to stretch out the arm DN. …

Bāla¹

adjective

1. ignorant (often with ref. to ignorance in a moral sense, of the common people, the puthujjana) foolish (as contrasted with paṇḍita cp. the Bālapaṇḍita-sutta MN.iii.163 …

(indef. enclitic particle)

1. Indefinite (after demonstr. pron. in the sense of kiṃ = what about? or how is it? cp. kiṃ) = ever, whoever what-ever, etc. [Sk. kaśca, Gr. ὁς τε, Lat: quisque Goth. h …

the eye (nom. sg. cakkhuṃ) Vin.i.34; SN.i.115; MN.iii.134 etc.)

I. The eye as organ of sense

1. psychologically cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā “seeing visible object (shape with the eye” (Nd ii.on …

adjective moving to & fro, trembling, unsteady Ja.iv.498 (= calācala) Sdhp.317, Sdhp.598.

Intens. of cal = car, to move, with n instead of r in reduplication, cp. Sk. cañcūryate = carcarīti cañcala …

conditional particle “if,” constructed either with Indicative (ito ce pi yojanasate viharati even if he lived 100 y. from here DN.i.117) or Conditional (tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā DN.i.3), or Poten …

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

1. pp. broken up powdered; only in cpd. -vicuṇṇa crushed to bits smashed up, piecemeal Ja.i.73; Ja.ii.120, Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.216; Ja.iii.74
2. (nt.)
   1. any hard substance ground into a powder dus …

1. abandoning, giving up, renunciation. Vin.i.10 SN.iii.13 SN.iii.26 SN.iii.158 MN.i.486 AN.i.299 More frequently as
2. liberality, generosity, munificence (n.) generous munificent (adj.): sīlasampann …

adjective charming, desirable pleasant, beautiful Ja.vi.481; Mil.201; Sdhp.428, Sdhp.512; Vv-a.36 (= vaggu), sucāru SN.i.181; Pv.ii.12#12 (= suṭṭhumanorama).

• -dassana lovely …

gift, a fee, a donation; a donation given to a “holy” person with ref. to unhappy beings in the Peta existence (“Manes”), intended to induce the alleviation of their sufferings; an intercessional, exp …

adjective noun

1. subduing, taming; converting; one who practises self-control MN.i.446 (assa˚); MN.iii.2 (id.) Ja.i.349 (kula˚ bhikkhu), one who teaches a clan self-mastery Ja.i.505 (go˚, assa˚, h …

Dasa¹

the number ten; gen dasannaṃ (Dhp.137); instr. dasahi (Kp iii.) & dasabhi (Vin.i.38). In compounds (-˚) also as ḷasa (soḷasa 16) rasa (terasa 13; pannar˚ 15; aṭṭhār˚ 18).

I. *M …

1. Lit. seeing, looking; noticing; sight of, appearance, look. Often equivalent to an infinitive “to see,” esp. as dat. dassanāya in order to see, for the purpose of seeing (cp. dassana-kāma = da …

“condition or state of a deva, divinity; divine being, deity, fairy. The term comprises all beings which are otherwise styled devas, & a list of them given at Cnd.308 & based on the principle that any …

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

only found in SN.i.103, where the Comy. takes it as a locative, and gives, as the equivalent, “in a forest on dry land” (araññe thale). Cp. Kindred Sayings i.129, n. 2.

Dhava¹

the shrub Grislea Tomentosa AN.i.202, AN.i.204; Ja.iv.209; Ja.vi.528.

Sk. dhava = madhuratvaca, Halāyudha

Dhava²

a husband Thag-a.121 (dh. vuccati sāmiko tad abhāvā v …

Dhi¹ & Dhī

indeclinable an exclⁿ of reproach & disgust: fie! shame! woe! (with acc. or gen.) SN.v.217 (read dhī taṃ for dhītaṃ); Dhp.389 (dhī = garahāmi Dhp-a.iv.148); Ja.i.507 …

adjective noun

1. purified MN.i.386; Snp.351, Snp.786, Snp.813, Snp.834 (= dhutakilesa Snp-a.542); Ja.iii.160 (˚sākha = patthaṭasākha Com.; variant reading BB vena˚); Mnd.77 = Mnd.176 (: dhonā vucca …

(& Dhūta)

1. shaken, moved Dāvs v.49 (vāta˚).
2. lit. “shaken off,” but always explained in the commentaries as “one who shakes off” either cvil dispositions (kilese), or obstacles to spiritual pro …

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

point of the compass, region quarter, direction, bearings. The 4 principal points usualy enumerated are puratthimā (E) pacchimā (W) dakkhiṇā (S) uttarā (N …

adjective being in the state of fructification, budding Ja.vi.529 (cp. p. 530); Mil.334.

Sk.?

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

1. giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Sangha (cp. deyyadhamma & yañña). As such it constitute …

Dāra & Dārā

feminine a young woman, esp. married woman, wife. As; dārā f. at Cnd.295 (d. vuccati bhariyā & Iti.36; f. also dārī maiden, young girl Pv.i.11#5. Otherwise as dāra (coll-masc.): Dh …

Dāra & Dārā

feminine a young woman, esp. married woman, wife. As; dārā f. at Cnd.295 (d. vuccati bhariyā & Iti.36; f. also dārī maiden, young girl Pv.i.11#5. Otherwise as dāra (coll-masc.): Dh …

adjective noun masculine one. Eka follows the pron. declension i.e. nom. pl. is eke (e.g. Snp.43, Snp.294, Snp.780 etc.)

1. “one” as number, either with or without contrast to two or more; often al …

unity, combination, unification, concentration Ne.4, Ne.72 sq, Ne.107 sq.

fr. ekatta

salt(?) or water(?) in elambiya (= el˚ambu-ja) born in (salt) water Snp.845 (= ela-saññaka ambumhi jāta); Mnd.202 (elaṃ vuccati udakaṃ).

?

The three formations (described below in the etymology) are represented in Pāli as follows.

1. gacch˚, in
   pres gacchati;
   imper gaccha & gacchāhi;
   pot gacche (Dhp.46, Dhp.224) & gacchey …

the possessor of a house, the head of the household pater familias (freq. + seṭṭhi).

1. In formulas
   1. as regards social standing, wealth & clanship: a man of private (i.e. not official) life, cl …

the throat Ja.i.216, Ja.i.264 Ja.iii.26; Ja.iv.494; Ja.i.194 (a dewlap); Pv-a.11, Pv-a.104.

• -agga the top of the throat Sdhp.379;
• -ajjhoharaniya able to be swallowed (of s …

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

Ghaṭikā¹

feminine a small bowl, used for begging alms Thig.422 (= Thag-a.269: bhikkhā-kapāla).

to ghaṭa¹

Ghaṭikā²

feminine

1. a small stick, a piece of a branch …

I.

(sg.) heat, in special application to the atmosphere: hot part (of the day or year), hot season, summer; a summer month. Always used in loc. as a designation of time.

1. of the day: Vv-a …

to sing, to recite, often comb w. naccati to dance; ppr. gāyanto, gāyamāna & gīyamāna (Vin.i.38); imper. gāhi (Ja.iii.507); fut. gāyissati grd. gāyitabba. Vin.ii.108 (dhammaṃ), Vin.i …

excrements, faeces, dung. As food for Petas frequently mentioned in Pv; (cp. Stede, Peta Vatthu 24 sq.), as a decoction of dung also used for medicinal purposes (Vin.i.206 e.g.). Often combination w …

gone to the heart, learnt by heart Mil.10 -gama [˚ngama] heart-stirring, pleasant, agreeable DN.i.4; DN.iii.173; MN.i.345; AN.ii.209; AN.v.205; Vin.iii.77 Mnd.446; Dhs.1343; DN-a.i.75. *-[pariḷā …

indeclinable a vocative (exclam.) particle “eh,” “here,” hey MN.i.125, MN.i.126 (+ je); Dhp-a.i.176 (double).

There is no single word in English for Iddhi, as the idea is unknown in Europe. The main sense seems to be ʻpotency’.

1. Pre-Buddhistic; the Iddhi of a layman The four Iddhis of a king are personal …

A. On term

Indriya is one of the most comprehensive & important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy & ethics meaning “controlling principle, directive force, élan, δύναμις” in t …

Iti (ti)

indeclinable emphatic deictic particle “thus”. Occurs in both forms iti & ti, the former in higher style (poetry), the latter more familiar in conversational prose. The function of “iti” is …

indeclinable adv. of succession or motion in space & time “from here”. “from now”.

1. with ref. to space:
   1. from here, from this, often implying the present existence (in opp. to the “other” worl …

debt DN.i.71, DN.i.73; AN.iii.352; AN.v.324 (enumerated with baddha, jāni & kali); Snp.120; Ja.i.307; Ja.ii.388, Ja.ii.423; Ja.iii.66; Ja.iv.184 (iṇagga for nagga?) Ja.v.256; Ja.v.253 (where enumerate …

the Gunja shrub (Abrus precatorius) Ja.iv.333 (akkhīni j. ˚phalasadisāni, cp. in same application guñjā); Ja.v.156 (j. ˚phalasannibha); Dhp-a.i.177 (˚gumba).

keeping awake, watchfulness, vigilance, esp. in the sense of being cautious of the dangers that are likely to befall one who strives after perfection. Therefore freq. in combination “indriyesu guttadv …

Jāni¹

feminine deprivation, loss, confiscation of property; plundering, robbery; using force, ill-treatment DN.i.135 = AN.i.201 (vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā); SN.i.66 (hatajānisu), J …

■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of …

Kakka¹

a sediment deposited by oily substances, when ground; a paste Vin.i.205 (tila˚), Vin.i.255. Three kinds enumerated at Ja.vi.232: sāsapa˚ (mustard-paste), mattika˚ (fragrant earth- …

(& kallāṇa)

1. (adj.) beautiful, charming; auspicious, helpful, morally good. Syn bhaddaka Pv-a.9, Pv-a.116) and kusala (SN.ii.118; Pv-a.9 Pv-a.122); opp. pāpa (SN.i.83; MN.i.43; Pv-a.101, Pv-a …

gold or golden ornament (bracelet) Ja.v.260, Ja.v.261 (: kambussaṃ vuccati suvaṇṇaṃ).

fr. preceding

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

smith, a worker in metals generally DN.ii.126, AN.v.263; a silversmith Snp.962; Dhp.239; Ja.i.223; a goldsmith Ja.iii.281; Ja.v.282. The smiths in old India do not seem to be divided into black-, gol …

1. a cave, grotto, generally, on the slope or at the foot of a mountain Vin.ii.76, Vin.ii.146 used as a dwelling-place Thag.602; Ja.i.205; Ja.iii.172.
2. a glen, defile, gully DN.i.71 = AN.ii.210 = P …

adjective dark, black, as attr. of darkness, opposed to light, syn. with kāḷa (q.v. for etym.); opp. sukka. In general it is hard to separate the lit. and fig. meanings, an ethical implication is to b …

adjective younger, youngest, younger born Vin.iii.146 (isi the younger); Ja.ii.6; Pv-a.42, Pv-a.54; esp. the younger brother (opp. jeṭṭha, ˚ka) Ja.i.132; Dhp-a.i.6, Dhp-a.i.13; Mhvs.9, Mhvs.7; Pv\ …

the more recent and therefore lower, less developed state (of sanctification) Dhp-a.i.152.

(& sometimes; kaṭa) done, worked, made. Extremely rare as v. trs. in the common meaning of E. make, Ger. machen, or Fr. faire (see the cognate kapp and jan, also uppajjati & viss …

adverb dubit. interr. part.

1. how; with ind. pres. Pv-a.6 (k. puriso paṭilabhati), or with fut. & cond. Ja.i.222; Ja.ii.159 (k. tattha gamissāmi); Ja.vi.500; Pv-a.54 (na dassāmi)
2. why, for what …

gold AN.iii.346 Thag.691 (muttaṃ selā va k.); Thig.266 (k˚ ssa phalakaṃ va); Vv-a.4, Vv-a.9 (= jātarūpa). Esp. freq. in compounds = of or like gold.

• -agghika a golden garlan …

1. doubt, uncertainty SN.i.181; SN.iii.203 (dukkhe k. etc.; cp. Cnd.1); Snp.541, Snp.1149; ˚ṃ vinayati Snp.58, Snp.559, Snp.1025; k. pahīyati Pts.ii.62; combined with vimati: DN.i. …

an evil deed AN.iv.172 (variant reading = AN-a.744 kaṭanaṃ vuccati pāpakammaṃ).

from kaṭa, pp. of karoti

adjective noun

1. (adj.) hard, firm, stiff Cp.ii.2; Dhs.44, Dhs.45 (where also der. f. abstr. akaṭhinatā absence of rigidity, combined with akakkhalatā, cp Dhs-a.151 akaṭhina-bhāva); Pv-a.152 (˚dā …

water Ja.vi.38 (= Ja.vi.42: k. vuccati udakaṃ). As nadī a river at Ja.iii.91, where Seruma at similar passage p. Ja.iii.189.

on ke-see note to prec.

Keḷi¹

feminine

1. play, amusement, sport Pv-a.265 (= khiḍḍā); parihāsa merry play, fun Ja.i.116.
2. playing at dice, gambling in -maṇḍala “circle of the game,” draught-board; *-ṃ bh …

syllable & ending, functioning also as root, meaning “void, empty” or as n. meaning “space”; expld. by Bdhgh with ref. to dukkha as “khaṃ saddo pana tucche; tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ khan ti vuccati” Vism.494 …

1. corn ready for threshing, the threshing floor Cnd.587; Vism.120; DN-a.i.203 (khalaṃ sodheti).
2. threshing, mash, in ekamaṃsa-khalaṃ karoti “to reduce to one mash of flesh” DN.i.52 = MN.i.377 (+ …

attendant, companion, charioteer, the king’s minister and adviser (Lat. satelles “satellite” has been compared for etym.) DN.i.112 (= DN-a.i.280, kh˚ vuccati pucchita-pucchita-pañhaṃ vyākaraṇa-sam …

throwing up, provocation, mockery, slander Mil.357; Vb.352; cp. Vism.29.

fr. khipati

hunger Snp.52 (+ pipāsā Cnd s. v. kh˚ vuccati chātako), Snp.966; Pv.i.6#4 (= jighacchā), Pv.ii.1#5 (+ taṇhā), Pv.ii.2#4; Pv-a.72. See khuppipāsā.

Sk. kṣudh & kṣudhā, also BSk. kṣud in kṣuttarṣa hu …

tired, exhausted, weary, either with -kāya tired in body Pv-a.43; Vv-a.65 (indicating the falling asleep); or ˚citta tired in mind DN.i.20 DN.iii.32 (paduṭṭhacitta + , of the waning of the gods) …

to tinkle Ja.v.206; (freq. fr. kili or den. fr. kilikilā; cp. kilakilā “shouting for joy” Avs.i.48 and in cpd. hāhākārakilakilā “shouting hā-hā and hail-hail” Avs.i.67 Mvu.iii.312 and Divy.459). See …

Kiriya, Kiriyā & Kriyā

1. (n.)-
   1. (-˚) action, performance, deed; the doing = fulfilment cp. ˚karaṇa, anta˚, making an end of, putting a stop to (dukkhassa) SN.iii.149; SN.iv.93; Snp.454, Snp.72 …

Kiriya, Kiriyā & Kriyā

1. (n.)-
   1. (-˚) action, performance, deed; the doing = fulfilment cp. ˚karaṇa, anta˚, making an end of, putting a stop to (dukkhassa) SN.iii.149; SN.iv.93; Snp.454, Snp.72 …

adverb to what extent? how far? in what respect? K˚ nu kho mahāpurisa hoti “in what respect is a man a great man?” Cnd.502 B; k˚ nu kho paññavā ti vuccati? MN.i.292. Kitti & Kitti

adjective noun only in neg. sentences: something, anything From the freq. context in the older texts it has assumed the moral implication of something that sticks or adheres to the character of a man, …

Koccha¹

neuter some kind of seat or settee, made of bark, grass or rushes Vin.ii.149; Vin.iv.40 (where the foll. def. is given: kocchaṃ nāma vāka-mayaṃ vā usīra-mayaṃ vā muñjamayaṃ vā ba …

Kosa¹

masculine neuter any cavity or enclosure containing anything, viz.

1. a store-room or storehouse, treasury or granary AN.iv.95 (rāja˚); Snp.525; Ja.iv.409 (= wealth, stores); Ja.vi …

(or kolika?) feminine adj. = kolaka, appl. to boils, in pīḷikoḷikā (itthi) having boils of jujube size Thig.395 (expl. at Thag-a.259; akkhidalesu nibbattanakā pīḷikā vuccati).

Kiriya, Kiriyā & Kriyā

1. (n.)-
   1. (-˚) action, performance, deed; the doing = fulfilment cp. ˚karaṇa, anta˚, making an end of, putting a stop to (dukkhassa) SN.iii.149; SN.iv.93; Snp.454, Snp.72 …

1. a round jar, waterpot (= kulālabhājana earthenware Dhp-a.i.317), frequent in similes, either as illustrating fragility or emptiness and fullness: AN.i.130, AN.i.131 = Pp.32; AN.v.337; SN.ii.83; Mi …

adjective bent, crooked Ja.i.89 (˚kesa with wavy hair), Ja.v.202 (˚agga: kaṇṇesu lambanti ca kuñcitaggā: explained on Ja.v.204 by sīhakuṇḍale sandhāya vadati, evidently taking kuñcita as a sort of ear …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

kind of intoxicating drink of a reddish colour (like pigeons’ fect) Vin.iv.109, cp Ja.i.360 (surā).

of doubtful origin, fr. kapota, but probably popular etym., one may compare Sk. kāpiśāyana, a sort …

1. abs.
   1. deed, service, act of mercy or worship, homage: kāra-paṇṇaka Ja.vi.24 (vegetable as oblation); appako pi kato kāro devûpapattiṃ āvahati “even a small gift of mercy brings about rebirth …

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

…Pv-a.67; Vism.115. kīṭa at Ja.v.373 means a kind of shield (= cāṭipāla? c.), the reading should prob. be…

1. sign, characteristic mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark (cp. talisman), a distinguishing mark or salient feature, prop …

to desire, long; to dance, play sport; to shine; to sound forth. See lāsana, abhilāsa upaḷāseti, alasa, vilāsa
caus lāseti to sport, to amuse (oneself) Vin.ii.10 (with vādeti, gā …

sealed Ja.i.227 (pihita-lañchitā vā loha-cātiyo).

pp. of lañcheti

Laṅghi (Laṅghī)

feminine

1. a kind of deer (?) Ja.vi.537.
2. doubtful of meaning & origin in phrase; laṅghī-pitāmahā at Ja.ii.363 = Ja.iii.226: “whose grandfather was a deer, or a jumper” (?); us …

Laṅghi (Laṅghī)

feminine

1. a kind of deer (?) Ja.vi.537.
2. doubtful of meaning & origin in phrase; laṅghī-pitāmahā at Ja.ii.363 = Ja.iii.226: “whose grandfather was a deer, or a jumper” (?); us …

Locana¹

the eye; adj. (-˚) having eyes. (of…) Pv.i.11#5 (miga-manda˚); Pv-a.57, Pv-a.90 (pingala˚).

fr. loc or lok to see; Dhtp.532 & Dhtm.766: loc = dassana

Locana² …

see luñcati.

metal, esp. copper, brass or bronze It is often used as a general term & the individual application is not always sharply defined. Its comprehensiveness is evident from the classification of *[loha](/ …

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

to be broken up, to break (up), to be destroyed to go asunder, to fall apart AN.i.283 = Pp.32 (here equal to “be wiped out,” but it is unnecessary to assume as Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. lujjati doe …

to pull out, pluck (a bird), tear, peel Ja.i.244, Ja.i.476; Ja.ii.97, Ja.ii.363; Ja.iii.314; Ja.iv.191; Ja.v.463; Mhvs.23, Mhvs.46 (aor. aluñci); Mhvs.28, Mhvs.26 (ger. *luñcitvā …

plucked, pulled Mil.240 (i.e. combed, of wool; Rh. D. trsl^s “pressed”; Nyānatiloka “cut”); Pv-a.47 (vilūna-kesa +).

pp. of luñcati

Macchariya & Macchera

neuter avarice, stinginess, selfishness, envy; one of the principal evil passions & the maịn cause of rebirth in the Petaloka

1. macchariya: AN.i.95, AN.i.299; AN.iii.272; Dh …

Macchariya & Macchera

neuter avarice, stinginess, selfishness, envy; one of the principal evil passions & the maịn cause of rebirth in the Petaloka

1. macchariya: AN.i.95, AN.i.299; AN.iii.272; Dh …

the God of Death, the Buddhist Māra, or sometimes equivalent to Yama SN.i.156; Snp.357 (gen. maccuno), Snp.581 (instr maccunā), Snp.587; Thag.411; Dhp.21, Dhp.47, Dhp.128, Dhp.135, Dhp.150 Dhp.287; Vb …

1. intoxication, sensual excess, in formula davāya madāya maṇḍanāya (for purposes of sport, excess, personal charm etc. MN.i.355 = AN.ii.40 = Mnd.496 = Cnd.540 = Pp.21 = Dhs.1346, Dhs.1348. The comm …

lit. making drunk, intoxication Cnd.540 C. (in formula davāya madāya madanāya instead of maṇḍanāya: see under mada 1); in cpd -yuta intoxicated, a name for the Yakkhas Ja.i.204. C …

adj. nt.

1. intoxicating DN.ii.185 (sadda vaggu rajanīya kāmanīya m.).
2. intoxication Vv-a.73.

orig. grd. of madati

honey Ja.i.157 sq.; Ja.iv.117; Dhp.69 (madhū vā read as madhuvā); Mhvs.5, Mhvs.53; Dhs-a.330; Dhp-a.ii.197 (alla fresh honey)
■ pl. madhūni Mhvs.5, Mhvs.31
■ The Abhp (533) also gives “wine fr …

adjective noun connected with honey.

1. (n.) the tree Bassia latifolia (lit. honey tree) Vin.i.246; Ja.v.324, Ja.v.405; Ja.vi.529; Mil.165.
2. the fruit of that tree Ja.iv.434.
3. (adj.) (-˚) full o …

adjective

1. sweet Snp.50; Ja.iii.493; Ja.v.324; Pv.ii.67; Pv-a.119, Pv-a.147.
2. of intoxicating sweetness, liquor-like, intoxicating Ja.iv.117.
3. (nt.) sweetness, sweet drink Dhp.363; Ja.i.271 …

adjective full of sweet drink, intoxicated, in phrase madhuraka-jātokāyo viya “like an intoxicated body, i.e. without control, weak. The usual translation has been “become languid or weak” (“erschl …

intoxicating drink, spirit Ja.v.425; Dhs-a.48.

of adj. Vedic madira intoxicating

1. a road (usually high road), way, foot-path Vism.708 (maggaṃ agata-pubba-purisa, simile of); Vb-a.256 (tiyojana˚, simile of a man travelling); Dhp-a.i.229- addhāna˚; high road Vin.iv.62; MN. …

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

1. intoxicant, intoxicating drink, wine, spirits Vin.i.205; DN.iii.62, DN.iii.63; Snp.398 (+ pāna = majjapāna); Vv-a.73 (= surā ca merayañ ca); Sdhp.267.
2. drinking place Ja.iv.223 (= pān’ āgāra). …

adjective middle, viz

1. of space: of moderate height DN.i.243 (contrasted with ucca & nīca).
2. of; time: of middle age Snp.216 (contrasted with dahara young & thera old).
3. often used adv. in …

1. a bowl, a vessel (?) used in bathing Vin.ii.106 (mallakena nahāyati; or is it a kind of scrubber? Bdhgh’s explⁿ of this passage (CV v. i.4) on p. 315 is not quite clear mallakaṃ nāma *ma …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

sage, seer, wise man, usually appositionally nom. mantā “as a sage,” “like a thinker,” a form which looks like a fem. and is mostly explained as such by the Commentaries Mantā has also erroneous …

measure, quantity, right measure, moderation Snp.971 (mattaṃ so jaññā); Dhp.i.35 (mattā ti pamāṇaṃ vuccati)
■ Abl. mattaso in -kārin doing in moderation, doing moderately Pp.37 (= pamānena pade …

wisdom, intelligence, sagacity Nd i.s. v. (m. vuccati paññā); Pp.25; Dhs.16; Dhs-a.148; Pv-a.40 (= paññā)
■ adj. sumedha wise clever, intelligent Snp.177; opp. dum˚; stupid …

cloud Pv.ii.9#45; Vism.126; esp. a thundercloud storm, SN.i.100 (thaneti), SN.i.154; Thag.307 (as kāḷa) Iti.66; Ja.i.332 (pajjunna vuccati megha); Dhp-a.i.19; Snp-a.27 (˚thanita-sadda). In this cap …

sort of intoxicating liquor, spirits, rum, usually combined with surā. DN.i.146 DN.i.166; MN.i.238; Pp.55; Dhp.247; Ja.iv.117 (pupphāsav-ādi, i.e. made fr. flowers, cp. def^{n</s …}

adjective noun

1. mixed, combined Ja.ii.8 (phalika˚ rajata-pabbata mountain of silver mixed with crystal); Vb-a.16 (lokiya-lokuttara˚); usually ˚-, like -āhāra mixed food Dhp-a.ii.101; *-upp …

1. to deliver, set free, release, cause one’s release or deliverance from (abl.). imper praes. mocehi Pv.ii.1#6 (duggatiyā); Pv-a.12; aor. mocesi Pv-a.112 (dāsavyato); ger. *[m …

stupidity, dullness of mind & soul, delusion bewilderment, infatuation DN.iii.146, DN.iii.175, DN.iii.182, DN.iii.214, DN.iii.270; Vin.iv.144, Vin.iv.145; Snp.56, Snp.74, Snp.160, Snp.638, Snp.847; Vb …

making dull or stupid, infatuation, enticement, allurement Snp.399, Snp.772 (= mohanā vuccanti pañca kāmaguṇā Mnd.26). The Sk. meaning is also “sexual intercourse” (cp. Halāyudha p. 315), which may ap …

Mokkha¹

1. (lit.) release, freedom from, in bandhanā m DN.i.73 = MN.i.276.
2. (fig.) release, deliverance, salvation Vb.426 (jarā-maraṇa˚ from old age & death) Dhp-a.i.4 (˚magga + sagg …

see under muñcati.

1. (spelt muccati) to become stiff, congeal, coagulate, curdle Dhp.71; Dhp-a.ii.67.
2. to become infatuated DN.iii.43 (majjati +)
3. only in Caus. muccheti to make sound, to i …

1. a seal, stamp, impression; - rāja˚; the royal seal Dhp-a.i.21. Also with ref. to the State Seal at Mil.280, Mil.281 in compounds muddakāma (amacca) & mudda-paṭilābha.
2. the art of calculation …

holy man, a sage, wise man.

I

The term which was specialised in Brahmanism has acquired a general meaning in Buddhism & is applied by the Buddha to any man attaining perfection in self-rest …

to be a wise man or muni, to think, ponder, to know Dhp.269 (yo munāti ubho loke munī tena pavuccati), which is expl^d at Dhp-a.iii.396 as follows: “yo puggalo… tulaṃ āropetvā minanto viya …

Mutta¹

1. released, set free, freed; as-˚ free from Snp.687 (abbhā˚ free from the stain of a cloud); Dhp.172 (id.), Dhp.382 (id.)
   ■ Dhp.344; Pv.iv.1#34; Pv-a.65 (su˚).
2. given up or …

I. Forms

The 2 bases muñc˚ & mucc˚; are differentiated in such a way, that muñc˚; is the active base, and mucc˚; the passive. There are however cases where the active forms (muñ …

garlic Vin.iv.259 (lasuṇaṃ nāma māgadhakaṃ vuccati).

māgadha + ka, lit. “from Magadha”

1. pride, conceit, arrogance (cittassa uṇṇati Mnd.80; Vb.350). Māna is one of the Saññojanas It is one of the principal obstacles to Arahantship A detailed analysis of māna in tenfold aspect is give …

1. deceptive appearance fraud, deceit, hypocrisy Snp.245, Snp.328 (˚kata deceit), Snp.469, Snp.537, Snp.786, Snp.941 (: māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā Mnd.422); Vb.357, Vb.361, Vb.389; Mil.289; Vism.10 …

(pantomimic) dancing usually combined with singing (gīta, q.v.) & instrumental music (vādita)
■ nacca: AN.i.261; DN.iii.183; Ja.i.61 Ja.i.207; DN-a.i.77; Pv-a.231
■ *nacca-gī …

to dance, play Vin.ii.10; Ja.i.292; Vv.50#1 (= naṭati Vv-a.210); Vv.64#21.
pp naccento DN.i.135;
fut naccissati Vin.ii.12;
aor nacci Ja.iii.127;
inf naccituṃ Ja.i.207 …

bent, application, industry Vb.352.

abstr. to namati, cp. Sk. namana nt.

1. the nose Ja.v.166 (= nāsā Com.).
2. = ˚kamma medical treatment through the nose Vin.iii.83 (deti).

• -kamma nose-treatment, consisting in the application of hot oil (DN-a.i.9 …

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

dancer, player, mimic, actor Vin.iv.285; SN.iv.306 sq. Dhp-a.iv.60 (˚dhītā), Dhp-a.iv.65 (˚karaka), Dhp-a.iv.224 (˚kīḷā); Mil.359 (˚naccaka); Sdhp.380
■ Cp. naṭaka & nāṭaka.

Sk. naṭa dial. ṭ, cp …

to dance, play Vv-a.210 (= naccati).

Sk. naṭati, of nṛt, with dial. ṭ, cp. naccati

Neḷa & Nela

(adj.)

1. without fault or sin blameless, faultless; not hurting, humane, gentle merciful, innocuous DN.i.4 (Bdhgh explains: elaṃ vuccati doso; n’ assā (i.e. vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddos …

Neḷa & Nela

(adj.)

1. without fault or sin blameless, faultless; not hurting, humane, gentle merciful, innocuous DN.i.4 (Bdhgh explains: elaṃ vuccati doso; n’ assā (i.e. vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddos …

to get wearied of (c. loc.); to have enough of, be satiated, turn away from, to be disgusted with. In two roots:

1. vind: prs. nibbindati etc. usually in combination with virajjati & vimuccati; ( …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

having no hunger, being without cravings, stilled, satisfied. Epithet of an Arahant always in combination with nibbuta or parinibbuta: SN.iii.26 (tanhaṃ a …

burning away, consumption; fig. remorse, mortification in anto˚; Ja.i.168 (cp. nijjhāna²).

Sk. *niḥkṣāyana, nis + jhāyana of jhāyati²

1. sign, omen, portent, prognostication DN.i.9 (study of omens = n. satthaṃ DN-a.i.92, q.v. for detailed explⁿ); Ja.i.11 (caturo nimitte nâddasaṃ); Mil.79, Mil.178 Esp. as pubba˚; signs …

touching, touch, crushing, subduing AN.ii.34 (mada-nimmadana, crushing out pride; may, however, be taken as nis + mada of mad “de-priding,” lit. disintoxication); Bv.i.81; Vism.293.

to nimmādeti

adjective full grown, fully developed, in full strength Ja.vi.327 (of a tree).

Sk. nipāka, ni + pāka (pacati)

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

adjective without intoxication, undefiled, sinless Thag-a.148.

nis + āsava

to besprinkle Mhvs.vii.8.

ni + siñcati

adjective without grief or selfmortification Pv-a.62.

nis + santāpa

boat, ship Vin.iii.49 (q.v. for definition & description) SN.i.106 (eka-rukkhikā); SN.i.iii.155 = SN.i.v.51 = AN.iv.127 (sāmuddikā “a liner”); AN.ii.200; AN.iii.368; Snp.321, Snp.770, Snp.771; Dhp. …

1. (m.) a dancer, actor, player Ja.i.206; Ja.v.373; Dhp-a.iii.88; Dhp-a.iv.59, Dhp-a.iv.130; nāṭakitthi a dancing-girl, nautch-girl Dhp-a.iii.166; Vv-a.131.
2. (nt.) a play, pantomime Ja.i.59; …

1. putting down, applying, application MN.ii.216; heaping up, storing Dhp-a.iii.118.
2. putting in, fig, attention, devotion Ne.29.

fr. odahati

1. (rare in the old texts) a flood of water Vv-a.48 (udak’ ogha); usually as mahogha a great flood Dhp.47; Vism.512; Vv-a.110; Dhp-a.ii.274 = Thag-a.175.
2. (always in sg.) th …

Okāsa

1. lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space DN.i.34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā pariccheda), Vism.243 (id.); Pv-a.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā …

released, freed, discharged, taken off Iti.56 (read omutt’assa Mārapāso for T. omukkassa m.).

pp. of omuñcati

to take off, loosen, release; unfasten, undo, doff DN.i.126 (veṭhanaṃ as form of salute); Ja.ii.326 Ja.vi.73 (sāṭakaṃ); Vism.338; Pv-a.63 (tacaṃ); Vv-a.75 (ābhāraṇāni)
caus omuñcāpeti to cause t …

sprinkled, besprinkled Ja.v.400. See also avasitta.

pp. of osiñcati

1. to pour out or down over, to besprinkle Vin.ii.262; MN.i.87 (telena); Pv.i.8#5 (ppr osiñcaṃ = āsiñcanto Pv-a.41).
2. to scoop out, empty drain (water) Ja.v.450 (osiñciyā, pot. = osiñceyya C.). pp. …

to wish ill, to curse, imprecate Vin.iii.137.

o + yāc, opp. āyācati

Pa˚

indeclinable directional prefix of forward motion, in applied sense often emphasising the action as carried on in a marked degree or even beyond its mark (cp. Ger. ver-in its function of Goth. f …

leaving the world, adopting the ascetic life state of being a Buddhist friar, taking the (yellow) robe ordination

1. ordination or admission into the Buddha’s Order in particular: Vin.iii.13; SN.i.16 …

1. a mountain (-range), hill, rock SN.i.101 SN.i.102, SN.i.127, SN.i.137; SN.ii.32, SN.ii.185, SN.ii.190; AN.i.243; AN.ii.140; AN.iv.102 (dhūpāyati); Snp.413, Snp.417, Snp.543, Snp.958, Snp.1014; Mnd …

adjective belonging to banishment, deserving to be exiled Mil.186; also in cpd. -kamma excommunication, one of the 5 ecclesiastical acts enumerated at Vin.i.49, Vin.i.143. See also AN.i.79; Dhp-a. …

1. to make go out or away, drive out, banish, exile DN.i.92 (raṭṭhasmā out of the kingdom; = nīharati DN-a.i.258); MN.ii.122; Dhp.388 (attano malaṃ pabbājayaṃ, tasmā pabbajito ti vuccati) Dhp-a.iv.1 …

cooking Ja.iii.425 (˚thālikā); Ja.v.385 (˚bhājana); Thag-a.29 (bhatta˚); DN-a.i.270; Pv-a.135.

fr. pac, su pacati

to cook, boil, roast Vin.iv.264; fig. torment in purgatory (trs. and intrs.): Niraye pacitvā after roasting in N. SN.ii.225, Pv-a.10, Pv-a.14
ppr pacanto tormenting, gen. pacato (+ Caus. pācayato …

being boiled, boiling. torture, torment Ja.v.270; Snp-a.476 (˚okāsa). Paccanika, Paccaniya

fr. paccati, cp. pacana

to be boiled, fig. to be formented or vexed, to suffer. Nearly always applied to the torture of boiling in Niraya, where it is meant literally
■ SN.i.92; SN.v.344 (kālena paccanti read for kāle na p …

adverb behind, aft, after, afterwards, back; westward DN.i.205; Snp.645 Snp.773, Snp.949; Mnd.33 (= pacchā vuccati anāgataṃ, pure vuccati atītaṃ); Cnd.395; Dhp.172, Dhp.314, Dhp.421; Pv.i.11#1 Pv.i.11 …

to cause to be cooked, to cook Vin.iv.264; Ja.i.126 (āhāraṃ); Ja.ii.15 (bhattaṃ), Ja.ii.122.

Caus. of pacati

indication, location, range, district; region, spot, place SN.ii.227, SN.ii.254 SN.v.201; AN.ii.167 (cattāro mahā˚); Dhp.127 (jagati˚), Dhp.303; Ja.ii.3, Ja.ii.158 (himavanta˚); Ja.iii.25 (id.), Ja.ii …

adjective (-˚) belonging to a place of indication, indicating, regional, reaching the index of only with numerals in reference to age (usually soḷasavassa˚ at the time of 16 years) Ja.i.259 (id.), Ja …

(˚jahāti) to give up, renounce, forsake, abandon, eliminate, let go, get rid of; freq as synonym of jahati (see Nd ii.under jahati with all forms). Its wide range of application with reference to all …

to go, go to; usually not in simplex, but only in compound with prefixes; as āpajjati, uppajjati, nipajjati etc
■ Alone only in one doubtful passage, viz. AN.iv.362 (vv.ll. paccati, pabbati gacchati …

to be in flames, to waste, decay, dry up; fig. to be consumed or overcome with grief disappointment or remorse Vin.iii.19; Vin.iv.5; AN.ii.214 AN.ii.216; AN.iii.57; Ja.iii.534 (pajjhāti metri causa; C …

rain-cloud Ja.i.332 (p. vuccati megho); Ja.iv.253. Otherwise only as Np. of the Rain God DN.ii.260; SN.i.29; Ja.i.331.

Ved. parjanya, for etym. see Walde, Lat. Wtb. under quercus & spargo

adjective

1. ripe (opp. āma raw, as Vedic; and apakka) and also “cooked, boiled, baked” SN.i.97 (opp. āmaka); SN.iv.324 (˚bhikkhā); Snp.576; Ja.v.286
   ■ nt. pakkaṃ that which is ripe, i.e. a fr …

adjective noun

1. winged the winged one, a bird DN.i.71 (+ sakuṇa = pakkhayutto sakuṇo DN-a.i.208) = AN.ii.209 = AN.v.206 = Pp.58; SN.ii.231; Snp.606 (= sakuṇo Snp-a.465); Pv.iii.5#3 (˚gaṇā = saku …

to shine forth, to be visible, to become known Snp.445, Snp.1032 (= bhāsati tapati virocati Cnd.373)
caus pakāseti to show up, illustrate, explain make known, give information …

the posture of sitting or squatting or lolling Ja.i.163 (here in explⁿ of tipallattha: pallatthaṃ vuccati sayanaṃ, ubhohi passehi ujukam eva ca go-nisinnaka-vasenā ti tīh’ākārehi pallatth …

Pamajjati¹

1. to become intoxicated SN.i.73.
2. to be careless, slothful, negligent; to neglect waste one’s time SN.iv.125, SN.iv.133; Snp.676, Snp.925, Snp.933; cp Mnd.376 & Cnd.70; Dhp.16 …

Caus. of pamuñcati (q.v.).

1. discharging, launching, letting loose, gushing out; in phrases itivāda˚ pouring out gossip MN.i.133; SN.v.73; AN.ii.26; DN-a.i.21; and caravāda˚ id. SN.iii.12; SN.v.419.
2. release deliverance SN. …

Pass. of pamuñcati (q.v.).

1. let loose, hurled Ja.vi.360 (papātasmiṃ).
2. liberated, set free SN.i.154; Snp.465 Snp.524 sq.

pp. of pamuñcati

1. to let loose, give out, emit Snp.973 (vācaṃ; = sampamuñcati Mnd.504) Ja.i.216 (aggiṃ).
2. to shake off, give up, shed Dhp.377 (pupphāni). Perhaps also in phrase saddhaṃ p. to renounce one’s faith, …

to dance (forth), to dance Thag-a.257 (ppr. panaccanta)
pp panaccita (q.v.).

pa + naccati

dancing, made to dance Thig.390.

pp. of panaccati

to be cooked, to become ripe Pv-a.55 (˚itvā).

Pass. of pa + pacati

place for supplying water, a shed by the roadside to provide travellers with water a well, cistern DN.iii.185; SN.i.33 = Kv.345 (= pānīyadāna-sālā SA); SN.i.100 (read papañ ca vivane); Ja.i.109; Dhp\ …

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

adjective highest, most excellent, superior, best paraphrased by agga seṭṭha visiṭṭha at Cnd.502 A Mnd.84, Mnd.102 (the latter reading viseṭṭha for visiṭṭha); by uttama at Dhp-a …

to wail, lament DN.ii.158 (mā socittha mā paridevittha); Snp.582, Snp.774 = Mnd.38 (as ˚devayati), Mnd.166; Ja.vi.188, Ja.vi.498; Pv-a.18 (socati +); ger ˚devamāna SN.i.199, SN.i.208; Ja.v.106; Pv- …

to set free, deliver, release DN.i.96; Ja.i.28 (v. 203); Mil.334; DN-a.i.263; Dhp-a.i.39.

Caus. of parimuccati

to be released, to be set free, to escape Vin.ii.87; MN.i.8; SN.i.88, SN.i.208; SN.ii.24, SN.ii.109 SN.iii.40, SN.iii.150, SN.iii.179; Mil.213, Mil.335 (jātiyā etc.) aor. -mucci MN.i.153
pp *[par …

released, set free, delivered SN.iii.31.

pp. of parimuccati

adjective completely calmed, at peace, at rest (as to the distinction of the twofold application see parinibbāna and cp., Mrs. Rh.D. Buddhism p. 191; Cpd. p. 168), viz.

1 …

one who attains Parinibbāna. Of the 2 meanings registered under parinibbāna we find No. 1 only in a very restricted use when taken in both senses of sa-and an-upādisesa parinibbāna; e.g. at AN.ii.15 …

to become ripe, to heal (of a wound) Mil.112.

pari + paccati

to bring to maturity, to cause to ripen, to develop, prepare Ja.vi.373 (atthaṃ p. ˚ācayitvā = vaḍḍhetvā C.); Mil.232 Mil.285, Mil.288, Mil.296
pp paripācita Vism.365.

pari \ …

to sprinkle all over, to bathe MN.i.161; SN.i.8 (gattāni); Sdhp.595.

pari + siñcati

cleansing, purification Mil.215.

fr. parisodheti

purity, purification SN.i.169. The usual spelling is pārisuddhi (q.v.).

fr. pari + śudh

to please, appease, satisfy, make happy Ja.i.262; Ja.iii.386; Ja.v.216; Pv-a.213 (variant reading SS āsiñcati).

pari + toseti

tormenting, torture, affliction, mortification MN.i.78, MN.i.341–MN.i.344; AN.i.151, AN.i.296 AN.ii.205 sq. (atta˚ self-mortification, opp. para˚); Pp.55 Pp.56, Pp.61; Pv-a.18 (atta˚), Pv-a.30 (id. …

1. sojourn; stay, in phrase vipassanā˚; Dhp-a.iii.118; Dhs-a.215.
2. period under probation, (living under) probation Vin.iii.186 (˚ṃ vasati, cp. parivuttha), Vin.iv.30; SN.ii.21 (˚ṃ vasati). *-ṃ …

ā (f.), cleansing, purification AN.i.207 (cittassa); Dhp.183 (= vodāpana Dhp-a.iii.237); Ne.44. In BSk. distorted to paryādapana Mvu.iii.12 (= Dhp.183).

fr. pariyodapeti

good advice, application trick, artfulness, artifice Ja.v.361, Ja.v.369. (C. expln^s as parisuddha after variant reading pariyodāta which was prob misread for pariyodāna), 370.

pari + apad …

Pariññā¹

feminine accurate or exact knowledge, comprehension full understanding MN.i.66, MN.i.84; SN.iii.26 (yo rāgakkhayo dosā˚ moha˚ ayaṃ vuccati p.), SN.iii.159 sq., SN.iii.191; SN.iv.1 …

urine (lit. flowing out) Vin.ii.141; Vin.iv.266 (p. muttaṃ vuccati); DN.i.70 (uccāra +); MN.iii.3, MN.iii.90; Ja.i.164 (uccāra-passāvaṃ vissajjeti), Ja.i.338, Ja.v.164, Ja.v.389; Vism.235 (uccāra˚). …

1. happy state, reconciliation, purity Pv-a.132.
2. granting graces, gratification Dhp-a.iii.3 (brahmaṇo mama p. ˚ṭṭhāne pasīdati he is gracious instead of me giving graces)

■ Cp. sam˚.

fr. pa + sad

calming, happiness, purification Pts.ii.121 (SS passādana).

fr. pasīdati

1. to become bright, to brighten up Pv-a.132 (mukha-vaṇṇo p.).
2. to be purified, reconciled or pleased; to be clear & calm, to become of peaceful heart (mano or cittaṃ p.); to f …

(-˚) in phrase jīva-paṭijīvaṃ at Ja.ii.15 is to be taken as a sort of redupl. cpd. of jīva, the imper. of jīvati “live,” as greeting. We might translate “the greeting with ʻjīva’ and reciprocating it.”

aiming at, wish, desire, request aspiration, prayer SN.ii.99, SN.ii.154; AN.i.224; AN.iii.47; AN.v.212 Mnd.316, Mnd.337 (p. vuccati taṇhā); Cnd.112; Ne.18, Ne.27; Dhs.1059; Mil.3; Snp-a.47, Snp-a.50 …

to give, bestow SN.i.18; Snp.463 sq., Snp.490 sq. Thig.272; Ja.i.28; Ja.iii.12 (variant reading pavacchati), Ja.iii.172; Ja.iv.363, Ja.vi.502, Ja.vi.587 (vuṭṭhi-dhāraṃ pavecchanto devo pāvassi tāvade …

1. going in, entering, entrance Ja.i.142; Pv-a.79 (variant reading for T. ˚vesa), Pv-a.217, Pv-a.221 (asipattavana˚).
2. beginning Vv-a.71 (opp. nikkhamana).
3. putting in, application Ja.ii.102 ( …

to be called, said, or pronounced Snp.436, Snp.513, Snp.611 & passim; Dhp.257; Pv.iv.3#47 Pv-a.102. The form pavuccate also occurs, e.g. at Snp.519 sq
pp pavutta¹ (q.v.).

Pass. of pavacati

1. means, instrument Ja.vi.116 (= karaṇa); Snp-a.7; Dhs-a.215 (sa˚).
2. preparation, undertaking, occupation exercise, business, action, practice Vin.iv.278; Pts.ii.213 (sammā˚); …

application (to) Vism.134 (majjhatta˚).

fr. payoga

1. undertaking, business Pv-a.201.
2. appointment Ja.i.143.
3. prescript injunction Dhs-a.403.
4. purpose, application, use Sdhp.395.

fr. pa + yuj

adjective noun masculine

Cases:
■ gen. dat. pañcannaṃ,
■ instr. abl pañcahi,
■ loc. pañcasu;
■ often used in compositional form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; G …

only in cpd. paṅgacīra (nt.) at DN.i.6 “blowing through toy pipes made of leaves” (Dial. i.10, where is cpd. Sinhalese pat-kulal and Marathī pungī after Morris J.P.T.S. 1889, 205). Bdhgh explai …

aspiration, request, prayer, resolve DN.iii.29 DN.iii.276; SN.ii.99, SN.ii.154; SN.iii.256 (ceto˚); SN.iv.303; AN.ii.32 AN.iv.239 sq. (ceto˚); AN.v.212 sq.; Snp.801; Vv.47#12; Mnd.109; Dhs.1059, Dhs.1 …

adjective

1. (lit.) brought out or to, applied executed; used with ref. to punishment (see paṇeti daṇḍaṃ) Pv.iv.1#66 (˚daṇḍa receiving punishment ṭhapita-sarīra-daṇḍa Pv-a.242) …

1. a leaf (esp. betel leaf) Vin.i.201 (5 kinds of leaves recommended for medicinal purposes, viz. nimba˚; Azadirachta Indica kuṭaja˚; Wrightia antidysenterica, paṭola˚; Trichosanthes dioeca, *su …

1. green leaves (collectively), vegetable, greens Ja.vi.24 (kāra˚ vegetable as homage or oblation); Pv.iii.3#3 (panko paṇṇako ca, explained as “kaddamo vā udakacchikkhalo vā” Pv-a.189, but evidently …

adjective belonging to a cover or lining, having or forming a cover or lining, as adj. said of sandals (eka˚ with single lining) Ja.ii.277 (variant reading for ekatalika); Ja.iii.80, Ja.iii.81 (id.) …

indeclinable directional prefix in well-defined meaning of “back (to), against towards, in opposition to, opposite.” As preposition (with acc. and usually postponed) towards, near by, at usually …

Paṭimutta & ˚ka

(adj.) in sup˚ well purified, cleansed, pure Ja.iv.18 (˚kambu = paṭimutta-suvaṇṇ’ ālankāra C.); Ja.v.400; Pv.iv.1#33 (˚ka-suṭṭhu paṭimuttabhāṇin Pv-a.230).

pp. of paṭimuñcati, cp. paṭimukka

adjective fastened on, tied to, wound round, clothed in SN.iv.91; MN.i.383; Iti.56 Thig.500 (? variant reading paripuṇṇa, cp. Thag-a.290); Ja.i.384 Ja.vi.64; Mil.390; Dhp-a.i.394 (sīse); Vv-a.167 ( …

Paṭimutta & ˚ka

(adj.) in sup˚ well purified, cleansed, pure Ja.iv.18 (˚kambu = paṭimutta-suvaṇṇ’ ālankāra C.); Ja.v.400; Pv.iv.1#33 (˚ka-suṭṭhu paṭimuttabhāṇin Pv-a.230).

pp. of paṭimuñcati, cp. paṭimukka

1. to fasten, to bind (in lit. as well as applied sense), to tie, put on Vin.i.46; SN.i.24 (veraṃ ˚muñcati for ˚muccati!); Ja.i.384; Ja.ii.22, Ja.ii.88, Ja.ii.197 Ja.iv.380 (ger. ˚mucca, variant readi …

to depart, escape from, to be freed from Ne.113 (= niyyāti vimuccati C.).

paṭi + nissarati

lit. “resolving continuous breaking up,” i.e. analysis, analytic insight discriminating knowledge. See full discussion explⁿ of term at Kvu translation 377–⁠382. Always referred to as “the …

to go back to, reach Ja.vi.149 (C. for paṭimuñcati).

paṭi + yā, cp. pacceti

1. consideration, view Vb.325, Vb.328.
2. desire Ja.v.403 (p. vuccati taṇhā).
3. (or (pekkhaṃ?) show at a fair DN.i.6 (= naṭa-samajjā DN-a.i.84); see Dial. i.7, n. 4 and cp. J.R.A.S. 1903, 186. …

1. consideration, view Vb.325, Vb.328.
2. desire Ja.v.403 (p. vuccati taṇhā).
3. (or (pekkhaṃ?) show at a fair DN.i.6 (= naṭa-samajjā DN-a.i.84); see Dial. i.7, n. 4 and cp. J.R.A.S. 1903, 186. …

dead, departed, the departed spirit. The Buddhistic peta represents the Vedic pitaraḥ (manes, cp. pitṛyajña), as well as the Brāhmaṇic preta. The first are souls of the “fathers, …

Piya¹

adjective dear, in two applications (as stated Mnd.133 = Cnd.444, viz dve piyā: sattā vā piyā sankhārā vā piyā, with ref. to living beings, to sensations):

1. dear, beloved (as fath …

ground sesamum, flour of oil-seeds MN.i.78, MN.i.342; Vin.iv.341 (p. nāma tilapiṭṭhaṃ vuccati); Vv-a.142 (tila˚ seed cake); Pv-a.48.

• -bhakkha feeding on flour of oil-seeds …

1. a lump, ball, thick (& round mass SN.i.206 (aṭṭhīyaka˚); Pv.iii.5#5 (nonīta˚); Vv-a.62 (kummāsa˚), Vv-a.65; Sdhp.529 (ayo˚).
2. a lump of food esp. of alms, alms given as food SN.i.76; Snp.217, S …

Piṭṭha¹

neuter what is ground, grindings, crushed seeds, flour. Vin.i.201, Vin.i.203; Vin.iv.261 Vin.iv.341 (tila˚ = piññāka); Ja.ii.244 (māsa˚). As piṭṭhi at Ja.i.347. …

1. a lotus plant, primarily the leaf of it, figuring in poetry and metaphor as not being able to be wetted by water Snp.392, Snp.812 (vuccati paduma-pattaṃ Mnd.135); Dhp.336; Iti.84.
2. the skin of a …

Pubba¹

pus, matter, corruption MN.i.57; MN.iii.90; SN.i.150; SN.ii.157; AN.i.34; Ja.ii.18; Mil.382; Pv-a.80
■ In detail discussed (as one of the 32 ākāras) at Vism.261, Vism.360; Kp- …

1. an individual, as opposed to a group (sangha or parisā), person, man; in later philosophical (Abhidhamma) literature = character, soul (= attan). DN.i.176; MN.iii.58; SN.i.93 sq.; SN.iii.25; AN.i.8 …

“townbreaker,” a name of Sakka (Indra) DN.ii.260; SN.i.230; Vv.37#4, Vv.62#2; Pv-a.247.

distorted fr. Vedic puraṃ-dara, pura + dṛ; to break, see darī, thus “breaker of fortress …

man (as representative of the male sex, contrasted to itthi woman, e.g. at AN.iii.209; AN.iv.197; Ja.i.90; Ja.v.72; Pv-a.51). Definitions of the C. are “puriso nāma manussa-puriso …

adjective

1. (= pṛthak) separated, individual adv. separated, individual, adv. separately, each (see [given as puthag eva Kacc. 29](/define/given as puthag eva Kacc. 29)) SN.i.75 (puthu attā individu …

to wipe off, clean Vin.ii.208 (upāhanā), Vin.ii.210; AN.iv.376 (rajoharaṇaṃ suciṃ p., asuciṃ p. etc.); Ja.i.392 (akkhīni); Vism.63 (gabbha-malaṃ), Vism.415 = Kp-a.120; Ja.i.47 (assūni hatthehi p.); …

merit meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth & a future blissful state, the enjoyment (& duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accum …

Pāceti¹

to cause to boil, fig. to cause to torment DN.i.52 (ppr. pācayato, gen., also pācento) Cp. vi˚.

Caus. of pacati

Pāceti²

to drive, urge on Dhp.135 (āyuṃ p. gopālako vi …

that which is cooked, cooking, quantity cooked Ja.vi.161 (tīhi pākehi pacitvā); Vv-a.186. Esp. in foll. combination tela˚; “oil cooking,” an oil decoction Vin.ii.105; thāli˚; a th. full of cookin …

…Ja.vi.76 Ja.vi.85.

• -cāṭika drinking vessel Dhp-a.iv.129.
• -cāṭī id Ja.i.302.
• -ṭhālika drinking cup Vin.ii.214;…

adjective putrid, stinking, rotten, fetid DN.ii.353 (khaṇḍāni pūtīni); MN.i.73, MN.i.89 = MN.iii.92 (aṭṭhikāni pūtīni); Vin.iii.236 (anto˚); SN.iii.54; Pv.i.3#2; Pv.i.6#1 (= kuṇapagandha Pv-a.32); Vi …

cake, baked in a pan (kapalla) AN.iii.76; Ja.i.345 (kapalla˚ pan-cake), Ja.i.347, Ja.iii.10 (pakka˚); Vv.13#6; Vv.29#6 (= kapalla-pūva Vv-a.123); Pv.iv.3#13 (= khajjaka Pv-a.251); Vism.108 (jāla n …

to arrange, prepare, compose. The root is defined at Dhtp.546 by “paṭiyattane” (with variant reading car), and given at No. 542 as variant reading of pac in meaning “vitthāre.”
pp *[racita](/def …

1. arranged Ja.v.157 (su˚ in C. for samocita; variant reading sucarita)
2. strung (of flowers Mhvs.34, Mhvs.54

■ Cp. vi˚

pp. of racati

Rahas & Raho

neuter lonely place, solitude, loneliness; secrecy, privacy.

1. raho: occurring only as adv. “secretly, lonely, in secret,” either absolutely, e.g. SN.i.46; Snp.38 …

Rahas & Raho

neuter lonely place, solitude, loneliness; secrecy, privacy.

1. raho: occurring only as adv. “secretly, lonely, in secret,” either absolutely, e.g. SN.i.46; Snp.38 …

(rajas) & Raja neuter

1. Forms.
   ■ Both rajo & rajaṃ occur as noun & acc. sg., e.g. rajo at DN.ii.19; Snp.207, Snp.334; Dhs.617; rajaṃ at Snp.275; Iti.83; once (in verse) *[rajo](/define/rajo …

Ratana¹

neuter

1. (lit.) a gem, jewel Vv-a.321 (not = ratana², as Hardy in Index) Pv-a.53 (nānāvidhāni)
   ■ The 7 ratanas are enumerated under veḷuriya (Mil.267). They are …

Ratta¹

1. dyed, coloured MN.i.36 (dūratta-vaṇṇa difficult to dye or badly dyed MN-a.167 reads duratta and explains as durañjita-vaṇṇa opp. suratta ibid.); Snp.287 (nānā-rattehi vatthe …

1. fight, battle; only in Thig.360 (raṇaṃ karitvā kāmānaṃ): see discussed below; also late at Mhvs.35, Mhvs.69 (Subharājaṃ raṇe hantvā).
2. intoxication, desire, sin, fault. This meaning is the Buddhi …

indeclinable a part. of exclamation, mostly implying contempt, or deprecation (DN-a.i.276) “hīḷanavasena āmantanaṃ” i.e. address of disdain: heigh, go on, get away, hallo
■ DN.i.96, DN.i.107; Ja.ii …

1. dust; pl. reṇū particles of dust
   ■ Vin.i.32 (˚hatā bhūmi); Vism.338 = Mnd.505 = Ja.i.117 (rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati); Ja.iv.362 (okiṇṇā raja-reṇūhi; C. explains by “paṃsūhi”); Mil.274 …

devoid, empty, free, rid (of) MN.i.207 (+ tuccha), MN.i.414; Vin.i.157 = Vin.ii.216; Snp.823 (emancipated: ritto muni = vivitta etc. Mnd.158), Snp.844 (opp. to aritta); Thig.265 (see rindi); Ja.i.29 …

to leave, abandon, leave behind, give up, neglect Vin.i.190 (see [fut riñcissati](/define/fut riñcissati)); MN.i.155 (riñcissati), MN.i.403; SN.iv.206; AN.iii.86 sq., AN.iii.108 sq., AN.iii.343 sq., A …

1. to please, i.e. it pleases (with dat. of person) Thig.415 (rocate); Mhvs.15, Mhvs.9 (nivāso rocatu). Cp. BSk. rocyate Avs.ii.158.
2. to find pleasure in (loc.) Mil.338 (bhave)

caus *[roceti](/defi …

Rudati & Rodati

to cry, lament weep, wail

Forms

1. rud˚; (the older form):
   pres rudati (not yet found);
   ppr rudanto DN.i.115; Snp.675 Snp.691; *[rudamāna …

(& ā˚ f.) neuter choice, pleasure Dhp-a.i.387 (tava ˚ṭṭhāne according to your own liking) DN-a.i.106 (˚ā).

fr. ruccati

to find delight or pleasure in (loc.), to please to indulge in, set one’s mind on Snp.565 (etañ ce r. bhoto buddha-sāsanaṃ); with khamati to be pleased and to approve of, MN.ii.132; often used by Bdh …

Rudati & Rodati

to cry, lament weep, wail

Forms

1. rud˚; (the older form):
   pres rudati (not yet found);
   ppr rudanto DN.i.115; Snp.675 Snp.691; *[rudamāna …

molestation, vexation, trouble Ja.iii.368 (= ghaṭṭana dūsana kuppana C.). Frequent in allegorical exegesis of rūpa, e.g. at Dhs-a.52 (naman aṭṭhena nāmaṃ ruppan’ aṭṭhena rūpaṃ), Dhs-a.303 (rūp’ ādīh …

to be vexed, oppressed, hurt, molested (always with ref. to an illness or pain Snp.767 (salla-viddho va r.) Snp.1121; Mnd.5 (= kuppati ghaṭṭiyati, pīḷiyati); Cnd.543 (= kuppati pīḷayati ghaṭayati)
…

1. colour, hue; colouring, dye Vin.ii.107 (anga˚ “rougeing” the body bhikkhū angarāgaṃ karonti); Thag-a.78; Snp-a.315 (nānāvidha˚).
2. (as t. t. in philosophy & ethics) excitement passion; seldom by …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc.

1. Definitions. According to P. expositors rūpa takes its designation fr. ruppati, e.g. “ruppanato rūpaṃ” Vism.588; “ruppan’ a …

the whole of one’s property Ja.iii.105; Ja.v.100 (read: sabbasaṃ vā pan’assa haranti) --haraṇa (nt.) confiscation of one’s property Ja.iii.105 Ja.v.246 (variant reading); sabbassaharaṇadaṇḍa (m.) …

adjective real, true DN.i.182; MN.ii.169; MN.iii.207; Dhp.408; nt. saccaṃ truly, verily, certainly Mil.120; saccaṃ kira is it really true? DN.i.113; Vin.i.45, Vin.i.60; Ja.i.107; saccato truly S …

Saddha¹

adjective

1. believing, faithful DN.i.171; SN.i.43; SN.ii.159 sq.; AN.i.150; AN.ii.164 AN.ii.227 sq.; AN.iii.3 sq., AN.iii.34, AN.iii.182; AN.iv.38, AN.iv.145, AN.iv.314 sq.; AN.v …

Sajati¹

to let loose, send forth dismiss, give up Snp.386, Snp.390; Ja.i.359; Ja.v.218 (imper sajāhi); Ja.vi.185, Ja.vi.205
inf saṭṭhuṃ (q.v.); pp. *[saṭṭha](/define …

water Snp.62, Snp.319, Snp.672; Ja.i.8; Ja.v.169; Vv-a.41; Pv-a.157; Cnd.665 (“vuccati udakaṃ”); Mil.132 (written saliḷa); Sdhp.168. It is also adj. salilaṃ āpo flowing water Ja.vi.534; cp. Mil.114: …

to inaugurate as a king Mhvs.4, Mhvs.6; v.14.

saṃ + abhisiñcati

to bend together Vin.iv.171, Vin.iv.363.

sam + añc

wanderer, recluse, religieux AN.i.67; DN.iii.16 DN.iii.95 sq., DN.iii.130 sq.; SN.i.45; Dhp.184; of a non-Buddhist (tāpasa) Ja.iii.390; an edifying etymology of the word Dhp-a.iii.84: “samita-pāpat …

“what is carried together,” viz.

1. accumulation, product, preparation; sambhāraseda bringing on sweating by artificial means Vin.i.205.
2. materials, requisite ingredients (of food) Mil.258; Ja.i.48 …

the vocative case Vv-a.12, Vv-a.18.

saṃ + bodhana

Samma¹

a term of familiar address DN.i.49, DN.i.225; DN-a.i.151; Vin.ii.161; Ja.i.59; Pv-a.204; plur. sammā Vin.ii.161.

as to etym. Andersen, P. Reader ii.263 quite plausibly connects …

collocation, combination Bv.ii.59 = Ja.i.14; SN.iv.215 = SN.v.212; application (of a story) Ja.ii.381. samodhānaṃ gacchati to come together, to combine, to be contained in Vin.i.62; MN.i.184 = SN.i.86 …

combination, application, pursuance, in vutti˚; Ja.iii.541 (so read for vatti˚).

abstr. fr. samodhāna

falling together, concurrence, collision Iti.68; kukkuṭasampāta neighbouring, closely adjoining (yasmā gāmā nikkhamitvā kukkuṭo padasā va aññaṃ gāmaṃ gacchati, ayaṃ kukkuṭasampāto ti vuccati) Vin.iv.6 …

collection, accumulation Ja.ii.235 (the signification of the particle vā); Snp-a.266 (id.)
■ samuccaya-kkhandhaka the third section of Cullavagga Vin.ii.38–Vin.ii.72.

saṃ + uccaya

attainment AN.iii.5; SN.ii.150 sq.; SN.iv.293 (saññā-vedayita-nirodha˚); Dhs.30 Dhs.101; a stage of meditation AN.i.94; Dhs.1331; Ja.i.343 Ja.i.473; Pv-a.61 (mahā-karuṇā˚); Mnd.100, Mnd.106, Mnd.1 …

1. union, coincidence SN.iv.68 sq.; Mil.60, Mil.123 sq.; Ne.28.
2. assemblage assembly, congregation DN.ii.5; Mil.7.
3. union of the humours of the body Mil.303.
4. collocation Dhp.352.

fr. sannipatati

tranquillity, peace Snp.204; DN.ii.157; AN.ii.24; Dhp.202.

• -kamma act of appeasing (the gods), pacification DN.i.12; DN-a.i.97.
• -pada “the place of tranqui …

1. spreading, ramification, tendril (valli˚) Kp-a.48.
2. one of the 5 celestial trees Ja.vi.239 (˚maya made of its flowers).
3. (also m.) continuity, succession; lineage SN.iii.143; DN-a.i.46; Dhs- …

1. the (physical) body DN.i.157; MN.i.157; SN.iv.286; AN.i.50; AN.ii.41; AN.iii.57 sq., AN.iii.323 sq. AN.iv.190. Snp.478, Snp.584; Dhp.151; Mnd.181; Ja.i.394 (six blemishes); Ja.ii.31; antimasarīra o …

memory, recognition, consciousness, DN.i.180; DN.ii.292; Mil.77–Mil.80 intentness of mind, wakefulness of mind, mindfulness alertness, lucidity of mind, self-possession, conscience self-consciousnes …

Satta¹

hanging, clinging or attached to Vin.i.185; DN.ii.246; Mnd.23, Mnd.24; Dhp.342; Ja.i.376 Cp. āsatta¹ & byāsatta.

pp. of sañj: sajjati

Satta²

1. (m.) a li …

Sattha¹

neuter a weapon, sword, knife; coll. “arms” DN.i.4, DN.i.56; Snp.309, Snp.819 (explained as 3: kāya˚, vacī˚, mano˚, referring to AN.iv.42 at Mnd.151); Ja.i.72, Ja.i.504; Pv.iii.10# …

1. informing, convincing AN.i.75; SN.i.199; Vin.ii.98, Vin.ii.199, Vin.ii.307; Ja.iii.402.
2. appeasing pacification MN.i.320.

fr. saññāpeti

1. (lit.) coming together Ja.vi.414 (variant reading for T. saṃsandita).
2. (fig.) import application, reference, conclusion (lit. “flowing together”) Tikp.264. opamma˚; application of a simile “ter …

(saṃ + suddhi) purification Snp.788; Mnd.84.

adjective indicating Vv-a.244, Vv-a.302.

fr. saṃsūceti

Saṅgaha¹

1. collecting, gathering, accumulation Vin.i.253; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.28.
2. comprising collection, inclusion, classification Kv.335 sq. (˚kathā) cp. Kvu. translation 388 sq.; Vism.191 …

communication, association, society Vin.i.45; AN.iii.256; Ja.i.106.

• -ārāma delighting in society DN.ii.78; MN.iii.110 Vb-a.474.
• -ārāmatā delight in comp …

1. a song, chorus, music Ja.i.32 (dibba˚); Ja.vi.528 (of birds).
2. proclamation (cp. sangara), rehearsal, general convocation of the Buddhist clergy in order to settle questions of doctrine and to fi …

thought, intention, purpose, plan DN.iii.215; SN.ii.143 sq.; AN.i.281 AN.ii.36; Dhp.74; Snp.154, Snp.1144; Mnd.616 (= vitakka ñāṇa paññā buddhi); Dhs.21; Dhp-a.ii.78. As equivalent of *[vitakka](/def …

one of the most difficult terms in Buddhist metaphysics, in which the blending of the subjective-objective view of the world and of happening peculiar to the East, is so complete, that it is almost i …

agreed on, reckoned; (-˚) so-called, named DN.i.163 (akusala˚ dhammā); DN.iii.65 DN.iii.133 = Vin.iii.46 (theyya˚ what is called theft); DN-a.i.313 (the sambodhi, by which is meant that of the thre …

derivation & meaning very doubtful; Bdhgh’s explⁿ at Pp-a 231 is not to be taken as reliable, viz. “sankittetvā katabhattesu hoti. dubbhikkha-samaye kira acela-kāsāvakā acelakānaṃ atthāy …

to contract Ja.i.228; Dhs-a.324.

Caus. of sankucati

to become contracted, to shrink Dhs-a.376
pp -kucita
caus -koceti.

saṃ + kucati: see kuñcita

shrunk, contracted, clenched (of the first: ˚hattha) Ja.i.275; Ja.vi.468 (˚hattha, opposed to pasārita-hattha); DN-a.i.287; Pv-a.123, Pv-a.124.

pp. of sankucati

ordinal number sixty DN.i.45; DN.ii.261; Snp.538; Dhp-a.iii.412 (ekūna˚). It is found mostly in the same application as cha (group-number) e.g. at Ja.i.64 (˚turiya-sahassāni); Vv- …

see siñcati.

sprinkling Ja.i.93 (suvaṇṇa-rasa-s.piñjara).

fr. sic, see siñcati

1. to learn, to train oneself (= ghaṭati vāyamati Vism.274) usually combined with the locative, thus sikkhā-padesu s. to train oneself in the Sikkhāpadas DN.i.63, DN.i.250; Vin.i.84; Iti.96, Iti.118; …

(nt. and m.) head, nom. siraṃ Thig.255, acc. siraṃ AN.i.141; siro Snp.768; sirasaṃ Ja.v.434; instr. sirasā Vin.i.4; DN.i.126; Snp.1027; loc. sirasmiṃ MN.i.32; sire DN-a.i.97; in compounds siro-AN.i. …

sprinkled Dhp.369; Ja.iii.144; Vism.109

pp. of siñcati

watering, one who waters Vv.79#7 (amba˚).

fr. siñcati

adjective sprinkling (water) Snp-a.66 (vāta).

fr. siñcati

1. to sprinkle Ja.iii.144; Ja.v.26; Mhvs.37, Mhvs.203; Snp-a.66.
2. to bale out a ship Snp.771; Dhp.369

inf siñcituṃ Ja.vi.583
pass siccati Thag.50 (all MSS. siñcati);
imper siñca Dhp.369;
p …

to mourn, grieve Snp.34; Dhp.15; Ja.i.168; Pv.i.8#7 (+ rodati); Pv.i.10#15; Pv.i.12#2; Mil.11;
pres 3^rd pl. socare Snp.445; Dhp.225;
ppr socamāna Ja.ii.75;
ppr asocaṃ not grieving SN …

grieving AN.iv.294 (socī ca = socicca).

fr. socati

grief Thig.462.

fr. socati

1. clean, pure, Vin.i.16; Vin.ii.152; DN.i.110; Snp.476.
2. purified, pure of heart MN.i.39; Dhp.125, Dhp.412; Snp.90
3. simple, mere, unmixed, nothing but SN.i.135; Dhs-a.72; Ja.ii.252 (˚daṇḍaka jus …

purity, purification, genuineness, sterling quality DN.i.54; MN.i.80; MN.ii.132, MN.ii.147; SN.i.166, SN.i.169 SN.i.182; SN.iv.372; Thig.293; Dhp-a.iii.158 (variant reading visuddhi) Vv-a.60 (payoga …

adjective

1. connected with purification Dhs.519–Dhs.522; udaka-s. pure by use of water SN.i.182; Vin.i.196; udakasuddhikā (f.) cleaning by water Vin.iv.262; susāna-s. fastidious in the matter of c …

purification Vism.44.

fr. sujjhati

spirituous (intoxicating) liquor (“drink”) Vin.ii.295; Vin.ii.301; Vin.iv.110; DN.i.146; AN.i.212 AN.i.295; Iti.63; Ja.i.199, Ja.i.252 (tikhiṇaṃ suraṃ yojetvā mixing a sharp drink); Dhp-a.ii.9; Dhp.2 …

Sutta¹

asleep Vin.iii.117; Vin.v.205; DN.i.70; DN.ii.130; Dhp.47; Iti.41; Ja.v.328
■ (nt.) sleep DN.ii.95; MN.i.448; SN.iv.169. In phrase --pabuddha “awakened from sleep” referring t …

an outer garment, cloak; cloth Thag-a.246; Ja.i.89, Ja.i.138, Ja.i.195, Ja.i.373, Ja.i.426; Vism.54 (sāṇa˚), Vism.275 (alla˚); Dhp-a.i.393 (thūla˚). Cp. antara˚, alaṃ˚.

• *-[lakkhaṇa](/define/lakk …

lion DN.ii.255; SN.i.16; AN.ii.33, AN.ii.245; AN.iii.121; Snp.72; Ja.i.165; Mil.400; Cnd.679 (= migarājā) Vb-a.256, Vb-a.398 (with pop. etym. “sahanato ca hananato ca sīho ti vuccati”); Ja.v.425 (wo …

Sīsa¹

neuter lead DN.ii.351; SN.v.92; Mil.331; Vb-a.63 (= kāḷa-tipu); a leaden coin Ja.i.7; --kāra a worker in lead Mil.331; --maya leaden Vin.i.190.

cp. Sk. sīsa

Sīsa^{2</s …}

indicating, exhibiting Dhtp.592 (for gandh).

Ta˚

base of demonstr. pron. for nt., in oblique cases of m. & f., in demonstr. adv. of place & time (see also sa).

I. Cases: nom

sg. nt. tad (older) Vin.i.83; Snp.1052; Dh …

Taccha¹

a carpenter, usually as ˚ka: otherwise only in cpd. -sūkara the carpenter-pig (= a boar, so called from felling trees), title & hero of Jātaka No. 492 (Ja.iv.342 sq.). Cp. vaḍḍ …

Takka¹

doubt; a doubtful view (often diṭṭhi, appl. like sammā˚, micchā-diṭṭhi), hair-splitting reasoning, sophistry (= itihītihaṃ Cnd.151). Opp. to takka (= micchā-sankappo Vb.86, Vb.35 …

to shine, to be bright, Dhp.387 (divā tapati ādicco, etc. = virocati Dhp-a.iv.143); Snp.348 (jotimanto narā tapeyyuṃ), Snp.687 (suriyaṃ tapantaṃ)
ger tapanīya: see sep pp. *ta …

Tappati¹

to burn, to be tormented: to be consumed (by remorse) Dhp.17, Dhp.136 (t. sehi kammehi dummedho = paccati Dhp-a.iii.64).

Sk. tapyate, Pass. of tapati

Tappati²

■ ins …

(lit.) drought, thirst; (fig.) craving, hunger for, excitement the fever of unsatisfied longing (c. loc.: kabaḷinkāre āhāre “thirst” for solid food SN.ii.101 sq.; cīvare piṇḍapāte taṇhā = greed for Sn …

sesamum-oil (prepared from tila seeds), oil in general (tela = tilatelādika DN-a.i.93): used for drinking, anointing & burning purposes Vin.i.205, Vin.i.220 Vin.i.245, etc.; AN.i.209, AN.i.278 (sapp …

only used with ref. to the bhikkhus of Gotama Buddha’s community
(adj.) senior Vin.i.47, Vin.i.290 (th. bhikkhū opp. navā bh.), Vin.i.159 (th bhikkhu a senior bh. opp. to navaka bh. a novice), Vin.i …

to shine, glitter, shimmer (like a drop) Ja.vi.529 (= virocati p. Ja.vi.530).

fr. theva; orig. “to be congealed or thick”

theft Vin.i.96; AN.i.129; Snp.119 (theyyā adinnaṃ ādiyati); Snp.242, Snp.967 (˚ṃ na kareyya) Vv.15#8 (: theyyaṃ vuccati thenabhāvo Vv-a.72); Mil.264, Mil.265; Vism.43 (˚paribhoga); DN-a.i.71; Sdhp.5 …

Thūla^a & Thulla^b

(the latter usual in compounds) adjective compact, massive; coarse gross; big, strong, clumsy; common, low, unrefined rough

1. DN.i.223; Snp.146 (aṇuka˚), Snp. …

Thūla^a & Thulla^b

(the latter usual in compounds) adjective compact, massive; coarse gross; big, strong, clumsy; common, low, unrefined rough

1. DN.i.223; Snp.146 (aṇuka˚), Snp. …

Iti (ti)

indeclinable emphatic deictic particle “thus”. Occurs in both forms iti & ti, the former in higher style (poetry), the latter more familiar in conversational prose. The function of “iti” is …

greed, desire; (adj.) greedy. Epithet of a pāpabhikkhu AN.v.149 (Com. tintiṇaṃ vuccati taṇhā, tāya samannāgato āsankābahulo vā); Vb.351 (tintiṇaṃ tintiṇāyanā, etc. = loluppaṃ). Tintinati & Tintinayati;

water (poetical for udaka) only in simile: puṇḍarīkaṃ (or padumaṃ) toyena na upalippati AN.ii.39 = Snp.547; Snp.71 = Snp.213; Thag.700 Cnd.287 (t. vuccati udakaṃ)
■ Bdhd 67, 93.

Vedic toya from ** …

Tuvaṃ & Tvaṃ

pronoun of second pers. in foll. forms & applications

I. Full forms

1. sg.:
   1. tv˚, tu˚, tuyh˚: nom. tvaṃ (in prose & verse) Snp.179, Snp.241, Snp.1029 …

Tuvaṃ & Tvaṃ

pronoun of second pers. in foll. forms & applications

I. Full forms

1. sg.:
   1. tv˚, tu˚, tuyh˚: nom. tvaṃ (in prose & verse) Snp.179, Snp.241, Snp.1029 …

adjective noun (nom. tādī & tādi, in compounds tādi˚) such, such like of such (good) qualities, “ecce homo”; in pregnant sense appl. to the Bhagavant & Arahants, characterized as “such” in 5 ways: see …

burning, scorching, roasting; fig. tormenting, torture, self-mortification Vv-a.20 (aggimhi t. udake vā temanaṃ). Cp. ā˚; upa˚ pari˚.

from tāpeti

star, a planet Snp.687 (tārāsabha the lord, lit. “the bull” of the stars, i.e. the Moon).

-gaṇa (tāra˚) the host of stars Pv.ii.9#67 (cando va t
■ gaṇe atirocati). -maṇivitāna …

adverb so much, so long; usually correl. with yāva how long, how much; in all meanings to be understood out of elliptical application of this correlation Thus

I

*yāva-tāva …

discharge, excrement, faeces Vin.iii.36 (˚ṃ gacchati to go to stool); Vin.iv.265, Vin.iv.266 (uccāro nāma gūtho vuccati); Dhp-a.ii.56 (˚karaṇa defecation); uccārapassāva faeces & urine DN.i.70; MN.i. …

…pitcher Pv-a.66.

• -cāṭi a water jar Dhp-a.i.52.
• -ṭṭhāna a stand for water Vin.ii.120. *…

in -ṃ kīḷati a water-game: playing with drops of water (?) Vin.iii.118 (Bdhgh. udañjalan ti udaka-cikkhallo vuccati p. 274)

udan + jala see uda²

1. pointing out, setting forth, proposition, exposition, indication, programme MN.iii.223 (u. uddiṭṭha), MN.iii.239; SN.iv.299; Snp-a.422.
2. explanation SN.v.110 sq.; sa-uddesa (adj.) with (the n …

adj. nt.

1. indicating, referring to, respecting, defining; (nt.) indication, definition DN.ii.100 (mam ˚bhikkhusangho); Mil.159 (id.); Kp-a.29. Esp. as-˚ in phrase aṭṭha-vass’ uddesika-kāla th …

Uddhaṃ & Uddha˚

(indecl.) high up, on top, above (adv. & prep.)
■ On uddhaṃ in spatial, temporal, ethical & psychological application see in detail Cnd.155.

I. (adv.)

1. (of space) up a …

Uddhaṃ & Uddha˚

(indecl.) high up, on top, above (adv. & prep.)
■ On uddhaṃ in spatial, temporal, ethical & psychological application see in detail Cnd.155.

I. (adv.)

1. (of space) up a …

indeclinable

1. indicating, with signs or indications Ja.iii.354 = Mil.230.
2. prep w. acc.:
   1. (lit.) pointing to, tending towards, towards to Pv-a.250 Suraṭṭha-visayaṃ)
   2. (appl^{d.</sup …}

dedication Pv-a.27, Pv-a.80.

fr. uddissa

the Uddāla tree, Cassia Fistula (see [known as indīvara](/define/known as indīvara)), or Cordia Myxa lit. “uprooter” Vv.6#7 (= vātaghātako yo rājarukkho ti pi vuccati Vv-a.43); Ja.iv.301 (˚rukkha), J …

throwing up, provocation, sneering Vb.352 = Vism.23, expl^d. at p. 29.

= last

to bale out water, to empty by means of buckets Ja.ii.70 (variant reading ussiñcati).

according to Morris J.P.T.S. 1884, 112 a denom. fr. kāca² a carrying pole, although the idea of a buck …

1. an underground watercourse, a conduit, main MN.i.171; AN.ii.189; Ja.vi.426, Ja.vi.432; Snp-a.50 (“ummaggo paññā pavuccati”) Dhp-a.i.252 (˚cora); Dhp-a.ii.37 (v l. umanga); Dhp-a.iv.104; Pv-a.4 …

upa*, e.g. devūpaṭṭhāna, lokûpaga, puññûpatthambhita-Meanings:

1. (Rest): on upon, up-˚kiṇṇa covered over; ˚jīvati live on (cp. anu˚); ˚tthambhita propped up, sup-ported; ˚cita heap …

? in phrase “akkhīni upacciṃsu” at Ja.vi.187 is probably faulty for apaciyiṃsu aor. of apaciyyati, Pass of apacināti (cp. upaciyyati → upacināti) “the eyes failed” lost power, went bad; cp. apacaya …

1. approach, access Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.152; Vin.iv.304; Ja.i.83, Ja.i.172; Dhs-a.328 (phal˚).
2. habit practice, conduct Vin.ii.20 (dassan˚); Snp-a.140 (id.); Ja.iii.280.
3. way, means application, …

pointing out, indication, instruction, advice Pv-a.26 (tadupadesena read for tadupād˚; Kp-a.208 differs at id. p.); Kp-a.100; Sdhp.227.

fr. upadisati

1. putting down or under, foundation basis, ground, substratum (of rebirth) SN.i.117, SN.i.124 SN.i.134, SN.i.186; AN.ii.24 (˚sankhaya); AN.iii.382 (id.); AN.iv.150 (˚kkhaya); Iti.21, Iti.69; Snp.364, …

buyer, hawker, dealer comb^d. with bhataka Dhp-a.i.119 = Ud.23 (C. explains by “yo kahāpaṇâdīhi kiñci kināti so upakkitako ti vuccati”) Pts.ii.196 (? T. upakkhittaka).

fr. upa + krī to buy

adjective serviceable, helping, effective Ja.v.99; Vism.534
■ f. upakārikā

1. benefactress helper Ja.iii.437.
2. fortification (strengthening of the defence) on a city wall D …

to perform a dance DN.ii.268.

upa + naccati

basis, reliance, support, foundation, assurance, certainty; esp. sufficing condition or qualification for Arahantship (see long article in Childers s. v.); no 9 in the 24 paccayas, Tikapatthāṇa, Tikap …

see uppaccati.

1. birth, rebirth, (lit. attainment) MN.i.82; SN.iii.53; SN.iv.398; AN.v.289 sq.; Snp.139, Snp.643, Snp.836; Dhp.419 (sattānaṃ); in var specifications as: deva˚ rebirth among gods Pv-a.6, Pv-a.81 de …

to please (intrs.) Ja.vi.64.

upa + ruc

connection, combination; employment, application Ja.vi.432 (nagare upayogaṃ netvā for use in the town? variant reading upabhogaṃ). Usually in cpd -vacana as tt. g. meaning either combined or conden …

to beg, entreat, pray to Ja.vi.150 (divyaṃ).

upa + yācati

begging, asking, praying, propitiation Ja.vi.150 (= devatānaṃ āyācana).

of adj. upa + yācita + ka; pp. of yācati

in ppr. uppacciyamāna (so read for upapacciyamāna, as suggested by variant reading BB. uppajj˚) “being boiled out”, i.e. dried or shrivelled up (cp. uppakka 1) Ja.iv.327. Not with Morris J.P.T.S. 18 …

adjective

1. “boiled out”, scorched, seared, dried or shrivelled up; in phrase itthiṃ uppakkaṃ okiliniṃ okiriniṃ Vin.iii.107 = SN.ii.260; expl^d. by Bdhgh. Vin.iii.273 as “kharena agginā pa …

to split, tear asunder; root out, remove, destroy Vin.ii.151 (chaviṃ to skin); MN.ii.110 (attānaṃ); Thig.396 (ger. uppāṭiyā = ˚pāṭetvā Thag-a.259); Ja.i.281 (bījāni), Ja.iv.162, Ja.iv.382; Ja.vi.109 …

adverb

1. (as prep. with acc.) lit. “taking it up” (as such & such), i.e.
   1. out of, as, for; in phrase anukampaṃ upādāya out of pity or mercy DN.i.204; Pv-a.61, Pv-a.141, Pv-a.164
   2. compar …

shoe, sandal Vin.i.185; Vin.ii.118, Vin.ii.207 (adj. sa-upāhana), Vin.ii.208; SN.i.226; Ja.iv.173, Ja.iv.223; Pv.ii.4#9; Cnd.226; Kp-a.45; Dhp-a.i.381 (chatt ˚ṃ as nt? variant reading ˚nā); Pv-a.1 …

Usabha¹

a bull; often fig as symbol of manliness and strength (cp. nisabha) DN.i.6 (˚yuddha bull-fight), DN.i.9 (˚lakkhaṇa signs on a b.), DN.i.127; Vin.iii.39 (puris˚ “bull of a man”, a …

this word is beset with difficulties, the phrase satt-ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings, evidently the result of an original application & meaning having become obliterated satt˚ is taken as …

drying, baling out, raising water, exhausting Ja.i.417.

fr. ussiñcati

to bale out, exhaust Ja.i.450, Ja.ii.70; Ja.iv.16; Mil.261.

ud + sic

belonging to exertion, only in instr. as adv. ussoḷhikāya “in the way of exertion” i.e. ardently, keenly, eagerly SN.i.170 (naccati).

adj. of ussoḷhi

1. speaking, utterance, word, bidding SN.ii.18 (alaṃ vacanāya one says rightly); SN.iv.195 (yathā bhūtaṃ); AN.ii.168; Snp.417, Snp.699 Snp.932, Snp.984, Snp.997; Mil.235; Pv.ii.2#7; Snp-a.343, Snp-a …

*Vacati

see vatti.

vac

˚- speech, words; rare by itself (and in this case re-established from compounds and poetical, as at Snp.472 (yassa vacī kharā; explained at Snp-a.409 by “vācā”), Snp.973 (cudito vacīhi = vācāhi Sn …

(-˚)

1. track, line, trace, in pada˚; track, footprint Ja.i.8; Ja.ii.153 (variant reading lañca & lañcha), Ja.iv.221 (valañcha T.), Ja.ii.383; Dhp-a.ii.38.
2. that which is spent or secreted, i.e …

Vana¹

neuter the forest; wood; as a place of pleasure sport (“wood”), as well as of danger & frightfulness (“jungle”), also as resort of ascetics, noted for its loneliness (“forest”). Of ( …

Vara¹

adjective excellent, splendid, best, noble. As attribute it either precedes or follows the noun which it characterizes, e.g. -pañña of supreme wisdom Snp.391, Snp.1128 (= agga …

Vatthu¹

neuter lit. “ground,” hence

1. (lit.) object, real thing, property, thing, substance (cp. vatthu²!) AN.ii.209 (khetta˚, where khetta in lit. sense, cp. No. 2). Here bel …

to speak, say, call;
pres not found (for which vadati);
fut 1^st sg. vakkhāmi Ja.i.346 3^rd vakkhati SN.i.142; Ja.i.356; Ja.ii.40; Ja.vi.352; Vb-a.51 1 …

deception, delusion, cheating, fraud, illusion DN.i.5; DN.iii.176; AN.ii.209; Snp.242; Pv.iii.9#5; Pp.19; Ja.iv.435; Dhs-a.363 (for māyā Dhs.1059); DN-a.i.79; Dhp-a.iii.403; Pv-a.193-vañcana in l …

1. to walk about Ja.i.214 (inf. ˚ituṃ = pādacāra-gamanena gantuṃ C.).
2. Caus. vañceti to cheat, deceive, delude, elude DN.i.50; Snp.100, Snp.129, Snp.356; Ja.iii.420 (aor. avañc …

adjective noun

I. (adj.)

1. crooked, bent, curved MN.i.31 (+ jimha); SN.iv.118 (read v-daṇḍā); Vin.ii.116 (suttā vankā honti); Ja.i.9 (of kāja); Ja.iv.362 (˚daṇḍa), Pv-a.51 With ref. to a …

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

Vaṭṭa¹

adjective noun

1. round circular; (nt.) circle Pv-a.185 (āyata +); Kp-a.50 (˚nāli). See cpd. -aṅguli.
2. (fig.) “rolling on,” the “round” of existences, cycle of transmigrati …

Ve¹

indeclinable part. of affirmation, emphasizing the preceding word: indeed, truly Vin.i.3 (etaṃ ve sukhaṃ); Dhp.63 (sa ve bāḷo ti vuccati), Dhp.83 (sabbattha ve), Dhp.16 …

1. (f.) feeling, sensation (see on term, e.g. Cpd. 14 Mrs. Rh D. B. Psy., ch. iv.) DN.i.45; DN.ii.58 (cp. Dial. ii.54), DN.ii.66, DN.iii.58, DN.iii.77, DN.iii.221, DN.iii.228, DN.iii.238 (˚upādā …

the sun (lit. “shining forth”) SN.i.51; AN.ii.50.

= virocana, fr virocati

indeclinable

I.

1. inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat. dis- & Ger ver-. Often as base-prefix in var mean …

1. division, distinction, classification, detail, variety Ja.vi.432 (of paintings); Ne.1 sq., Ne.105; Mil.102, Mil.381; Vism.352 (contrasted with sankhepa); Pv-a.199, Pv-a.282 (rūpa˚ various forms, …

distribution, division, distinction, classification Vin.i.359; Snp.600 (jāti classification of species; explained as jāti -vitthāra at Snp-a.464); Ja.iv.361 (+ vicaya; C. expl …

distribution, division; detailing, classification Ja.iv.361 Vism.494; Vb-a.83; Thag-a.100; Vv-a.37; Pv-a.122-attha˚ detailing of meaning Vism.569; dhātu˚; distribution of relics Vv-a.297; Pv- …

adjective noun [vi + cakkhaṇa, of cakṣ to see, attentive, watchful, sensible, skilful; (nt.) application attention, wit SN.i.214 = Snp.186 (appamatta + ; translation K.S. i.277 “discerning wit”) …

1. mode, manner, sort, kind; proportion, form, variety DN.iii.103 (ādesana˚); Thig.395 (cakkhu˚ “shape of an eye” translation); Vb-a.496 (in explⁿ of kathaṃ-vidha: “ākāra-saṇṭhānaṃ vidhā …

˚- gone away, disappeared, ceased; having lost or foregone (for-gone = vi-gata), deprived of, being without; often to be trsl^d simply as prep. “without. It nearly always occurs in compou …

1. dispute, quarrel Ja.i.208 (ñātakānaṃ aññamaññaṃ viggaho); Mil.90 often combined with kalaha, e.g. Vin.ii.88; AN.iv.401 Mnd.302; Mil.383.
2. taking up form (lit. seizing on), “in …

one of the dogmatic terms of Buddhist teaching varying in meaning in diff. sections of the Canon. It is not always the positive to avijjā (which has quite a well-defined meaning f …

1. thinking over, considering, thought, intention Nd.97, Nd.351.
2. doubtfulness, indecision, alternative, applied to the part. vā Snp-a.202, Snp-a.266 Kp-a.166; DN-a.i.51; Pv-a.1 …

1. disturbance, derangement Ja.vi.139.
2. perplexity, confusion DN.i.59
   ■ vācā˚ equivocation, senseless talk DN.i.24.
3. in citta˚ cetaso; v. upset of mind, unbalanced mind, mental derangemen …

looking, reflection, investigation, prognostication usually as 5 objects of reflection as to when & where & how one shall be reborn (pañca-mahā-˚āni), consisting in kāla, desa, dīpa, kula, mātā (t …

see vimuccati.

to be released, to be free (of passion), to be emancipated MN.i.352; SN.ii.94, SN.ii.124; SN.iii.46, SN.iii.189; SN.iv.86; SN.v.218; AN.iv.126 sq. AN.iv.135, AN.iv.179; Snp.755; Pp.61, Pp.68; Sdhp.613 …

freed, released, intellectually emancipated Vin.i.8; AN.iv.75, AN.iv.179, AN.iv.340; AN.v.29; DN.iii.97 DN.iii.100, DN.iii.133, DN.iii.258; SN.i.23, SN.i.35; SN.iii.13, SN.iii.53, SN.iii.137; Snp.354, …

release, deliverance, emancipation DN.i.174; DN.iii.288; SN.v.206 sq. (abhijānāti), SN.v.222 (ariya˚), SN.v.266, SN.v.356; AN.ii.247, AN.iii.165 (yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti), AN.iii.242, Snp.54, Snp.73, Snp …

Vimāna¹

neuter lit. covering a certain space, measuring; the def^ns given by Dhpāla refer it to “without measure,” i.e. immeasurable. Thus = vigata-māne appamāṇe mahanta vara-p …

1. driving out, abolishing destruction, removal Vin.i.3 (asmi-mānassa), Vin.i.235, Vin.iii.3 (akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ vinayāya dhammaṃ desemi); SN.i.40; Snp.921; AN.i.91 (kodha˚, upanāha˚), AN.ii.34 (pi …

possession, application, use Dhs-a.151; Vv-a.157; Pv-a.171, Pv-a.175.

vi + niyoga

adjective bearing fruit, ripening (fully) Mil.421 (Notes); Pv-a.190.

fr. vipaccati, cp. paccana

1. to be cooked, i.e. to ripen Ja.v.121; Pv-a.104.
2. to bear fruit DN.ii.266; SN.i.144; MN.i.388; Ne.37; Vv-a.171.

vi + paccati

at Vin.ii.88 is perhaps a der. fr. vi + vac, and not pac, thus representing a Sk. *vivācyatā, meaning “challenging in disputation,” quarrelsomeness, provocation See also *[vipāceti](/define/vi …

wrong state, false manifestation, failure, misfortune (opp. sampatti) Vin.i.171 (ācāra failure of morality); AN.i.270 (ājīva˚); AN.iv.26, AN.iv.160 (atta˚ para˚); Pts.i.122; Ja.v …

to purge Mil.229, Mil.335.

vi + Caus. of riñcati

to get purged DN.ii.128 (ppr. viriccamāna)
pp viritta
■ Cp. vireka.

Pass. of vi + riñcati

purged Mil.214.

pp. of viriccati

lit. “state of a strong man,” i.e. vigour, energy, effort, exertion On term see also Dhs. translation § 13; Cpd. 242
■ DN.iii.113 DN.iii.120 sq., DN.iii.255 sq.; SN.ii.132, SN.ii.206 sq.; Snp.79 …

to shine (forth), to be brilliant Vin.ii.296 (tapati, bhāsati, v.); Snp.378, Snp.550; Iti.64 (virocare); Ja.i.18, Ja.i.89; Ja.iv.233; Pv.i.11#4; Pv.ii.9#62; Pv.iii.3#5 (= virājati Pv-a.189); Dhp-a.i …

noise, sound (of animals), cry Snp.927; explained as “virudaṃ [spelling with d, like ruda for ruta] vuccati-miga-cakkaṃ; miga-cakka-pāthakā [i.e. experts in the ways of animals; knowers of auspice …

to shine Pv-a.189 (= virocati).

vi + rājati

distinguishing, distinction, qualification, attribute Vv.16#10; Ja.iii.11; Ja.vi.63; Snp-a.181, Snp-a.365, Snp-a.399; Vv-a.13
■ instr. avisesena (adv.) without distinction, at all events, anyh …

to make a distinction, to distinguish, define, specify Ja.v.120, Ja.v.451; Snp-a.343; grd. visesitabba (-vacana) qualifying (predicative) expression Vv-a.13
pp *[visesita …

purity, purification AN.ii.239.

abstr. fr. visuddha

brightness, splendour, excellency; (ethically) purity, holiness, sanctification virtue, rectitude Vin.i.105 (visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā); DN.i.53; DN.iii.214 (diṭṭhi˚, sīla˚), DN.iii.288; MN.i.147; …

restless motion, wriggling, twisting, twitching (better than “show, although connection with sūc would give meaning “indication, show”), almost synonymous with vipphandita. …

reflection, thought, thinking; “initial application” (Cpd. 282)
■ defined as “vitakkanaṃ vitakko, ūhanan ti vuttaṃ hoti” at Vism.142 (with simile on p. 143, comparing vitakka with vicāra kumbhakār …

to cause separation, to separate, to keep back, dissuade Vin.i.64; DN.i.226; SN.iii.110 MN.i.256; Pv.iii.10#7 (= paribāheti Pv-a.214); Mil.339; Dhs-a.311; Ne.113, Ne.164 (˚iyamāna).

Caus. of viviccati

discrimination, specification Dhs-a.388.

abstr. fr. vivecita, pp. of viveceti

indeclinable separating oneself from (instr.), aloof from DN.i.37; AN.iii.25; Ja.vi.388; Dhs.160 Pp.68; Vism.139, Vism.140 (explained in detail)
■ Doubtful reading at Pv.i.11#9 (for viricca?)
■ As …

to separate oneself, to depart from, to be alone, to separate (intrs.) Vin.iv.241; ger. viviccitvā Dhs-a.165, & vivicca (see sep.)
pp vivitta
■ Cp *[vi …

manifold desire, greediness, avarice Dhs-a.375; Ne.11 (where explⁿ “vivicchā nāma vuccati vicikicchā”). See also veviccha.

Desid. of vid, c …

adjective separated, secluded, aloof, solitary, separate, alone DN.i.71; SN.i.110; AN.ii.210; AN.iii.92; AN.iv.436; AN.v.207, AN.v.270; Snp.221, Snp.338, Snp.810 Snp.845; Mnd.201; Kv.605; Mil.205; DN\ …

separation Dhs-a.166
■ Cp. viveka.

fr. viviccati

intimation, giving to understand, information; begging or asking by intimation or hinting (a practice forbidden to the bhikkhu). Vin.i.72 (˚bahula, intent on …); Vin.iii.144 sq. (identical); Vin.iv.29 …

(as special term in Buddhist metaphysics) a mental quality as a constituent of individuality, the bearer of (individual) life, life-force (as extending also over rebirths), principle of conscious lif …

1. cleansing, getting bright (of sun & moon) DN.i.10 (= visuddhatā DN-a.i.95)
2. purity (from the kilesas, or stains of sin), purification sanctification MN.i.115 (opp. sankilesa); SN.iii.151 (citt …

cleansing, purification Dhp-a.iii.237 (= pariyodapana).

fr. vodapeti

effort (?), application Kp-a.243. Reading doubtful.

vi + uyyoga in sense of uyyutta?

to be called DN.i.168, DN.i.245; Snp.436, Snp.759, Snp.848, Snp.861, Snp.946; Mnd.431; Cnd. s.v. katheti; Snp-a.204; Dhp-a.ii.35. See also vatti
pp vutta.

Pa …

application (of mind), focussing (of attention) Dhs.7.

vi + appanā

to defile, corrupt, tarnish SN.iv.78 (cittaṃ)
pp vyāsitta ibid.

vi + āsiñcati

adjective doing service, active, busy; eager, keen intent on (loc.), busy with AN.iv.195 (mayi = worrying about me); Ja.iii.315 (su˚); Ja.iv.371 (kiccâkiccesu v. uyyatta C.); Ja.v.395 (= ussukka); Ja. …

word, saying, speech; also as adj. (-˚) vaca speaking, of such a speech (e.g. duṭṭha˚ Pv.i.3#2, so to be read for dukkha˚)
■ DN.iii.69 sq., DN.iii.96 sq., DN.iii.171 sq. SN.iv.132 …

1. speaking, speech, talk, nearly always-˚, e.g. iti˚; hearsay, general talk MN.i.133; SN.v.73; AN.ii.26; kumāraka˚; child-talk or childish talk i.e. in the manner of talking to a child SN.ii.21 …

Ya˚

I. Forms

(See inflection also at Geiger, P.Gr. § 110.) The decl. is similar to that of ta˚ among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.
■ sg. nom. m. *[yo](/define/y …

indeclinable hortative part, used in addressing a (superior) person in the voc., followed by Pot. of jānāti, either 2^nd jāneyyāsi, or 3^rd sg. jāneyya; to be trsl^d some …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

adverb as, like, in relation to, after (the manner of)
■ As prep. (with acc.): according (to some condition, norm or rule): yathā kāmaṃ (already Vedic) according to his desire …

1. a brahmanic sacrifice.
2. alms-giving charity, a gift to the Sangha or a bhikkhu.

The brahmanic ritual of Vedic times has been given a changed and deeper meaning. Buddhism has discarded the outwa …

lit. “yoking, or being yoked,” i.e. connection bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device

1. yoke, yoking (rare?) Ja.vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp. Ja.vi.209).
2. conn …

Yogga¹

neuter “what may be yoked,” i.e.

1. a coach, carriage, waggon (usually large & covered, drawn by bullocks) Ja.vi.31 sq. (paṭicchanna), Ja.vi.368 (mahā˚) Dhp-a.ii.151 (mahā˚ & paṭi …

“fitting,” i.e.

1. application, use Mil.3 (opamma˚).
2. fitness vāda˚, Kv-a.37; in instr. yuttiyā in accordance with Mhvs.10, Mhvs.66 (vacana˚); Sdhp.340 (sutti˚); and abl *[yuttito](/define/yutti …

to beg, ask for, entreat Vin.iv.129 (pabbajjaṃ) Snp.566, Snp.980, Snp.983; Ja.iii.49, Ja.iii.353; Ja.v.233, Ja.v.404
aor 3^rd pl. yāciṃsu Pv-a.13, Pv-a.20, Pv-a.42; ayācisuṃ Mhvs.33 …

begged, entreated, asked (for) AN.iii.33; Dhp.224; Ja.iii.307; Pv-a.39
■ Cp. yācitaka.

pp. of yācati

1. going, proceeding Ja.vi.415 (+ ayāna, opposed to ṭhāna).
2. means of motion, carriage, vehicle. Different kinds of carriages are enumerated at Mnd.145 (on Snp.816) with hatthi˚; (elephant-), *g …

made a habit of, indulged in, acquired, mastered (cp. explⁿ Pts.i.172 “yattha yattha ākankhati tattha tattha vasippatto hoti balappatto etc.”). The expression is to be compared with *yatānu …

indeclinable lokasmiṃ yad idam arahanto “as far as the abodes of beings, as far as heaven, these are the highest these are the best, I mean the Arahants.” SN.iii.84 yāvatā dhammā sankhatā vā asankhatā …

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

to shine, shine forth, radiate Dhp.387 (= virocati Dhp-a.iv.144); Ja.v.204. See also ābheti.

ā + bhā

the sun SN.i.15, SN.i.47; SN.ii.284; SN.iii.156; SN.v.44, SN.v.101; AN.i.242; AN.v.22, AN.v.263, AN.v.266 sq.; Iti.85; Snp.550 Snp.569, Snp.1097 (“ādicco vuccati suriyo” Cnd.125); Dhp-a.iv.143; Sdhp. …

anointing, application of salve DN.i.7 (mukkh˚).

fr. ā + lip

-nā (f., also -ṇā) addressing, calling; invitation, greeting Snp.40 (ep. Cnd.128) -vacana the address-form of speech i.e. the vocative case (cp. Sk. āmantritaṃ id.) Snp-a.435; Kp-a.167.

f …

to put on, take up; to be attached to, cling to Dhs-a.305
pp āmutta (q.v.).

ā + mtic

by means of hammering, slashing or beating (like beating a hide) Snp.673 (gloss ārajayārajayā fr. ā + *rañj or *raj)
■ Snp-a.481 explains the passage as follows: ārajayārajayā; i.e. yathā ma …

Āsa¹

contracted form of aṃsa in cpd. koṭṭhāsa part., portion etc.: see aṃsa¹. Can we compare BSk. āsapātrī (see next).

Āsa³

…

that which; flows (out or on to) outflow & influx.

1. spirit, the intoxicating extract or secretion of a tree or flower, O. C in Vin.iv.110 (four kinds); B. on DN.iii.182 (five kinds Dhs-a.48; Kp-a …

sprinkled, poured out, anointed Ja.v.87; Pp.31; Mil.286; Dhs-a.307; Dhp-a.i.10; Vv-a.69.

pp. of āsiñcati, Sk. āsikta

to sprinkle, besprinkle Vin.i.44; Vin.ii.208; Ja.iv.376; Vv.79#6 (= siñcati Vv-a.307); Pv-a.41 (udakena), Pv-a.104, Pv-a.213 (ger. ˚itvā). pp. āsitta (q.v.). Cp. vy˚.

ā + *si …

self. nom. sg. ātumo Pv.iv.5#2 (= sabhāvo Pv-a.259), ātumā Mnd.69 (ātumā vuccati attā), Mnd.296 (id.) & ātumāno Mnd.351; acc. ātumānaṃ Snp.782 (= attānaṃ Snp-a.521), Snp.888, Snp.918; loc. * …

glow, heat; fig. ardour, keen endeavour, or perhaps better “torturing mortification” Mil.313 (cittassa ātāpo paritāpo); Pv-a.98 (viriya˚) Cp. ātappa & ātāpana.

ā + tāpa fr. tap; cp. tāpeti

tormenting, torture, mortification MN.i.78; AN.i.296 (˚paritāpana); AN.ii.207 (id.); Pp.55 (id.); Vism.3 (id.).

ā + tāpana

1. to reflect upon, notice, take in advert to, catch (a sound), listen Ja.i.81; Ja.ii.423; Ja.v.3; Mil.106.
2. to remove, upset (a vessel), pour out Vin.i.286 (kumbhiṃ); Ja.ii.102 (gloss āsiñcati)

ca …

1. stretch, extent, reach, compass, region; sphere, locus, place, spot; position, occasion (corresponding to Bdhgh’s definition at DN-a.i.124 as “samosaraṇa”) DN.iii.241, DN.iii.279 (vimutti˚); SN.ii …

1. asking, adhortation, addressing (t. t. g. in expl^n. of imperative) Snp-a.43, Snp-a.176 Snp-a.412.
2. a vow, prayer AN.i.88; AN.iii.47; Ja.i.169 = Ja.v.472.

fr. āyācati

1. to request, beg, implore, pray to (acc.) Vin.iii.127; DN.i.240; Pv-a.160.
2. to make a vow, to vow, promise AN.i.88; Ja.i.169 = Ja.v.472; Ja.i.260; Ja.ii.117

pp āyācita (q.v. …

vowed, promised Ja.i.169 (˚bhattajātaka N.).

pp. of āyācati

Ūhacca¹

indeclinable

1. lifting up, raising or rising Ja.iii.206.
2. pulling out, taking away, removing DN.ii.254 (cp. Dhp-a.ii.181); SN.i.27 (variant reading for ohacca); Snp.1119 (= ud …

1. arrangement DN-a.i.294.
2. application of mind, attention Pp.18, Vism.278 (= appanā).

(ṭṭhāna) neuter

I. Connotation

As one of the 4 iriyāpathā (behaviours)

1. contrasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining (b) as rest with motion.
2. by itself without parti …