…connotation: doctrine, right or righteousness, condition, phenomenon.
■ For other exegetic definitions see the Com^s & the…

v. irreg. Of the endless variety of forms given by grammarians only the foll. are bona fide and borne out by passages from our texts (when bracketed found in gram. works only).

I. Act

1. I …

…a musical instrument played by striking, as cymbal, tambourine etc. Vv-a.37.

Vedic ghana to hanti (ghanti, cp. ghātayati), *gṷhen…

…contact with the sense of smell SN.i.115; DN iii. & Dhs as above.

Sk. ghrāṇa to ghrā, see…

…-ujjukatā straightness of body (+ citta˚, of thought) Dhs.53, Dhs.277, Dhs.330; Vism.466; Bdhd 16, 20

• -ūpaga going to a (new)…

…violence Vin.ii.194. -ūpaghāta injuring others, cruelty Vv.84#40. -ūpaghātin killing others Dhp.184 (= paraṃ upahananto p….

…The Dhtp gives two roots ghaṭ; of which one is explained by “ghāṭane” (No. 554), the other by “īhāyaṃ,” i.e. from exertion…

…+ u, or + o]

• -ogha the great flood (see
• -ogha) Snp.4, Snp.945; Dhp.47, Dhp.287;…

…fame, praise, renown (thutighosa DN-a.i.146) esp. applied to the Buddha, whose fame is heralded before him: Bhagavantaṃ Gotamaṃ evaṃ…

…fame, praise, renown (thutighosa DN-a.i.146) esp. applied to the Buddha, whose fame is heralded before him: Bhagavantaṃ Gotamaṃ evaṃ…

…those of others and who through right cognition have acquired the two “eyes” or visionary faculties, termed dibba- cakkhu & buddha- cakkhu…

sitting, sitting down; a seat, throne MN.i.469; Vin.i.272 (= pallankassa okāsa); SN.i.46 (ek sitting alone, a solitary seat); AN.iii.389 (an˚ without a seat); Snp.338, Snp.718, Snp.810, Snp.981; Mnd.1 …

bar Ja.vi.276 (with palighā as gloss).

a variant of paligha on kh for gh see Geiger,

Pali Grammar

§ 39#2

…praise of the Master Dhp-a.iii.114. As n Name of a deva (Gh. devaputta) Dhp-a.i.173.

to rub Vin.ii.106. - pp. ugghaṭṭha (q.v.).

ud + ghṛṣ, see ghaṃsati¹

…ger. ghātetvā Ja.i.166
caus ghātāpeti to have somebody killed Ja.iv.124
■ Cp. ghacca, ghātita āghāteti.

Denom. fr. ghāta, cp. Sk….

…hand beckoning (as a mode of making signs) Vin.i.157; MN.i.207 (has g for gh, cp. p. 547)
■ Cp. hattha-vikāra.

fr. vilangheti

Ghuru-ghuru

onomat. expression of snoring & grunting noise in -passāsa (& ˚in) snoring & breathing heavily, panting,…

…of…

…Arahantship, & the fight for the extinction of these āsavas forms one of the main duties of man. On the difficulty of translating the term…

adjective at Ja.v.81, Ja.v.82 is corrupt & should with variant reading perhaps better be read; advāraka without doors. Cp Kern,

Toevoegselen

29 (ālāraka?). Ja.v.81 has āḷāraka only.

…to at SN.v.59; Dhs.1059 (ogha + , in defⁿ of taṇhā), cp, Dhs translation 308; Ne.31 (with ogha), Ne.114 (id.); as sabba- (or…

…Mil.191 -ghaṭa (= ghaṭa²) company or assembly of Brahmans Ja.vi.99. -cakka the excellent…

…Mil.191 -ghaṭa (= ghaṭa²) company or assembly of Brahmans Ja.vi.99. -cakka the excellent…

…Iti.48; SN.v.54;

• -ogha the flood of sensual desires AN.iii.69; DN.iii.230, DN.iii.276; Vb.375 Vism.141; Dhs-a.166;…

…Perhaps as “porter” Bdhgh on CV v.29. 5 (see Vin.ii.319). At Mil.191 the mallā are mentioned as a group or company; their…

dwelling, sphere, world, realm SN.i.206, Snp.810 (see explⁿ Mnd.132: nerayikānaṃ nirayo bh. etc. & Snp-a.534: niray’ ādi-bhede bhavane); Mnd.448 (Inda˚ the realm of Indra); Ja.iii.275 (nā …

…or plane of insight Ne.8, Ne.14, Ne.50;

• -sampanna endowed with right insight SN.ii.43 sq., SN.ii.58.

Sk. darśana, see…

…Snp.p.102

• -saṅgha the community of bhikkhus, the Order of friars DN.iii.208; Snp.403, Snp.1015; Snp.p.101,…

…Thag.374; attho paramo the highest sense the ultimate sense or intrinsic meaning Iti.98, cp. Cpd. 6, 81, 223; Mil.28 (paramatthato in the absolute…

…(as adj.) one of the eight qualities of perfect sound (brahma-ssara, with ref. to the voice of Brahmā and of Buddha, cp. aṭṭhanga),…

adjective deficient, wanting, lacking Vin.iii.81, Vin.iii.254; Vin.iv.263; Snp.721; Mil.310, Mil.311, (˚satta-vassika one who is not yet 7 years old), Mil.414; Dhp-a.i.79.

ūna + ka

…begin, make, in phrases āghātaṃ b. to bear malice Dhp-a.ii.21; and veraṃ b. to make enmity against (loc. Ja.ii.353. 4. to acquire, get…

…month, a half month a fortnight Vin.iii.254 (ūnak˚); AN.v.85; Ja.iii.218; Vv-a.66. Freq. in acc. as adv. for a fortnight, e.g. Vin.iv.117;…

…= sotena s. mutaṃ = ghānena ghāyitaṃ, jivhāya sāyitaṃ, kāyena phuṭṭaṃ, and viññātaṃ = manasā v.; so that from the…

drop of water MN.i.78; Snp.812; Dhp.121, Dhp.122, Dhp.336; Iti.84 (variant reading udaka˚); Mnd.135; Snp-a.114; Dhp-a.ii.51.

uda + bindu

urged, exhorted, incited; questioned Snp.819; Ja.vi.256; Pv.ii.9#66; Vv.16#1; Pv-a.152; Sdhp.309.

pp. of codeti, q.v.

to dive into, sink into Snp.819 (≈ ajjhogāha Snp-a.537; = ogāhati ajjhogāhati pavisati Mnd.152)
pp pagāḷha.

pa + gāhati

strewn all over, spread Vv.81#6 (vv.ll. samogata and samohata); Ja.i.183; Tha-ap.191.

saṃ + otata

expounder AN.iii.81.

n. ag. of vyākaroti; cp. BSk. vyākartṛ Divy.620

movement, posture, deportment MN.i.81; Snp.1038 (= cariyā vatti vihāro Cnd.148); Iti.31; Vism.145 (+ vutti pālana yapana).

-patha way of deportment; mode of movement; good behavi …

(tiṃsa˚) the number 30; DN.i.81≈(tiṃsaṃ pi jātiyo); SN.ii.217 (t
■ mattā bhikkhū); dat. instr. tiṃsāya AN.v.305 (dhammehi samannāgato); Snp.p.87 (pi dadāmi) Pv-a.281 (vassasahassehi): t
■ yojana\ …

to be moved Vin.i.185; Dhp.81; Dhp-a.ii.149
pp samīrita Ja.i.393.

saṃ + īrati

the moon Dāvs iv.29; Ja.iii.141; Ja.v.33; Vv.81#1 (= canda Vv-a.314), Vv.82#3.

Sk. śaśin, fr. śaśa

one’s own will Dhs-a.61 (˚vattitā; cp. Expos. 81).

sa⁴ + vasa

exclusion, warding off, prevention Mil.81; Vism.244.

bound together Sdhp.81.

saṃ + baddha

…emancipation through insight or knowledge (always paired with ceto-vimutti) DN.i.156 DN.i.167 DN.iii.78 DN.iii.102, DN.iii.108,…

1. closed DN.i.81.
2. tied up Ja.iv.361.
3. restrained, governed, (self-)controlled guarded DN.i.250; DN.iii.48, DN.iii.97; SN.ii.231; SN.iv.351 sq.; AN.i.7 (cittaṃ); AN.ii.25; AN.iii.387; Iti.96, It …

(-˚) adjective of that kind SN.ii.81; Ja.vi.259.

fr. pakāra

to lift up, raise aloft Vin.iii.81; Vin.iv.147 = Dhp-a.iii.50; MN.i.135
pp uccārita (q.v.).

ud + cāreti, Caus. of car

to make fragrant, Vv.81#6, Vv.84#32; Vv-a.344.

saṃ + pavāyati

adjective one who listens, an eavesdropper Ja.v.81.

fr. upassuti

1. a fist-fighter, wrestler, boxer Vin.ii.105 (malla˚); Ja.iv.81 (np.); Ja.vi.277; Vism.31 (+ malla).
2. a sort of hammer Ja.v.45.

fr. muṭṭhi

…norm of the world (lok˚), higher righteousness DN.ii.188 (paṭividdha-lok’uttara-dhammatāya uttama-bhāvaṃ patta). *…

…of sound (sadda); 3 ghāna (nose) with the smelling of smells (gandha); 4 jivhā (tongue), with the…

…of sound (sadda); 3 ghāna (nose) with the smelling of smells (gandha); 4 jivhā (tongue), with the…

…Vin.v.125

• -saṅgha the communion of the Nobles ones Pv-a.1
• -sacca, a standard truth, an…

adjective lit. knowing, i.e. acknowledging what has been done (to one), i.e. grateful often in combination with katavedin grateful and mindful of benefits SN.ii.272; AN.i.87 = P …

…Bdhd 94; kasi˚ ploughing Pv-a.66 kattabba˚ (= kattabbattaṃ) “what is to be done, i.e. duty Pv-a.30; pūjā˚ veneration Pv-a.30….

Kacchaka¹

1. a kind of fig-tree DN-a.i.81.
2. the tree Cedrela Toona Vin.iv.35; SN.v.96; Vism.183.

completeness, concord Snp.810; sāmaggiya-rasa Ja.iii.21 (“the sweets of concord”); adj. asāmaggiya, unpleasant Ja.vi.517 (C. on asammodiya).

fr. samagga

to come to or towards, approach, go back, arive etc.

I. Forms

(same arrangement as under gacchati):

1. √ gacch:
   pres āgacchati DN.i.161; Ja.ii.153; Pv.iv.1#51
   fut āgacchissati …

bringing, offering, gift SN.i.82; Snp.710; Ja.i.81 (āsanâ).

fr. abhiharati

to give up, to abandon Snp.817 (inf. ˚pahātave), Snp.926 (Pot. ˚pajahe); ger. -pahāya Snp.367, Snp.499, Snp.514; Ja.i.87
pp vippahīna.

vi + pajahati

noun adjective

1. ruler, master Ja.iv.223; Vv.81#1; Mil.388; Dhp-a.i.36 (= seṭṭha).
2. ruling over, governing, predominant; ruled or governed by Vb.216 sq. (chandaṃ adhipatiṃ katvā making energy pre …

adjective firm, bold, in -māna firmminded Dhp p.81 (acc. to Morris J.P.T.S. 1886, 135 not verified).

abhi + dhara

in anāriya at Snp.815 is metric for anariya (q.v.).

adjective not Aryan, ignoble, Snp.815 (variant reading SS. anariya).

doublet of anariya

1. in comp^n. with dhamma as dhammānudhamma to be judged as a redupl. cpd after the manner of compounds mentioned under anu iv. meaning “the Law in all its parts, …

small house, a cottage MN.i.450; Ja.vi.81.

fr. agāra

to utter a solemn wish, Vv.81#18 (aor. ˚sīsi. variant reading ˚sisi. Vv-a.316 explains by icchi sampaṭicchi).

= abhisaṃsati, abhi + śaṃs. As to Sk. śaṃs → P. siṃs cp. āsiṃsati, as to meaning …

…during his last tour through Māgadha, and it was there that Sāriputta uttered his “lion’s roar,” affirming his faith in the Buddha,…

…change of-aḥ to-e, instead of the usual-o, prob. through interpreting it as loc. of anta

adjective separated, secluded, aloof, solitary, separate, alone DN.i.71; SN.i.110; AN.ii.210; AN.iii.92; AN.iv.436; AN.v.207, AN.v.270; Snp.221, Snp.338, Snp.810 Snp.845; Mnd.201; Kv.605; Mil.205; DN\ …

1. to look at, to survey. to perceive Vin.i.25 (udiccare, 3^sd. pl. pres. med.) Ja.v.71, Ja.v.296; Vv.81#21 (aor. udikkhisaṃ = ullokesiṃ Vv-a.316); Dāvs ii.109; Sdhp.308.
2. to look out for …

…(in sense of “haughtiness”? for Snp.702 uṇṇata); Mnd.220, Mnd.501; Pts.i.81, Pts.i.83; Pts.ii.9, Pts.ii.97 sq. Pts.ii.119,…

1. pointing out, setting forth, proposition, exposition, indication, programme MN.iii.223 (u. uddiṭṭha), MN.iii.239; SN.iv.299; Snp-a.422.
2. explanation SN.v.110 sq.; sa-uddesa (adj.) with (the n …

Thāsotu˚

in thāsotujana savana at Thag-a.61 according to Morris, J.P.T.S. 1884, 81 it is to be read ṭhānaso tu jana˚.

an heretic Vin.i.54, Vin.i.84, Vin.i.136, Vin.i.159 (˚samādāna), Vin.i.306 (˚dhaja), Vin.i.320; SN.i.65; SN.iv.37, SN.iv.394; DN.iii.44, DN.iii.46; Snp.381, Snp.891; Cnd.38; Pts.i.160; Pp.49; Vb.247. …

to bear, endure, stand SN.i.221; Snp.623; Dhp.321 = Cnd.475 B⁷; Dhp.399 (titikkhissaṃ = sahissāmi Dhp-a.iv.3) Ja.v.81, Ja.v.368.

Sk. titikṣate, Desid. of tij, cp. tijo & tikhiṇa.

pond, pool reservoir Vin.ii.256; Ja.i.4, Ja.i.239; Pv-a.202; DN-a.i.273; Mil.1, Mil.66 = Mil.81, Mil.246, Mil.296, Mil.359.

Derivation uncertain. Perhaps from taṭa. The Sk. forms are taṭaka, taṭāka, taḍāga

adjective having a sole, in eka-˚upāhanā a sandal with one sole Ja.ii.277; Ja.iii.80, Ja.iii.81 (variant reading BB paṭilika); cp. Morris, J.P.T.S. 1887, 165.

from tala

…is with Franke (Dīgha translation 222 sq.) to be interpreted as “soft (tender boar’s flesh.” So also Oldenberg (Reden des B.…

… ■ The eightfold sīla or the eight pledges which are recommended to the Buddhist layman (cp Mil.333 mentioned below) are the…

adjective pleasant, agreeable Iti.114; Ne.27. Often combined with piya, e.g. Iti.114; Vb.103; DN-a.i.311
■ Opp. kaṭuka
■ sāta (nt.) pleasure, joy MN.i.508; AN.i.81 sq.; SN.ii. …

to scold, reprove, blame DN.i.161; Ja.iii.436, Ja.iii.523; Ja.iv.81, Ja.iv.317, Ja.iv.409. Upakkhata & ta;

upa + kosati

Upekkhā & Upekhā

feminine “looking on”, hedonic neutrality or indifference, zero point between joy & sorrow (Cpd. 66) disinterestedness, neutral feeling, equanimity. Sometimes equivalent to adukkham\ …

1. birth, rebirth, (lit. attainment) MN.i.82; SN.iii.53; SN.iv.398; AN.v.289 sq.; Snp.139, Snp.643, Snp.836; Dhp.419 (sattānaṃ); in var specifications as: deva˚ rebirth among gods Pv-a.6, Pv-a.81 de …

to jump Vv.64#9 (explained at Vv-a.278 as “kadāci pade padaṃ” [better: padāpadaṃ?] nikkhipantā vagganena gamane [read: vagga-gamanena gacchanti); Ja.ii.335, Ja.ii.404; Ja.iv.81, Ja.iv.343; Ja.v.473. …

to greet respectfully, salute, to pay homage, to honour, respect to revere, venerate, adore Snp.366, Snp.547, Snp.573, Snp.1028; Pv.ii.1#6; Mhvs.15, Mhvs.14 (+ pūjeti); Mil.14; Snp-a.191; Pv-a.53 ( …

underwood, brushwood, thicket. Does not occur in lit meaning, except in exegesis of Dhp.283 at Dhp-a.iii.424 q.v. under vana¹. Another defⁿ is given at Snp-a.24 “taṇhā pariyuṭṭ …

…as well as of danger & frightfulness (“jungle”), also as resort of ascetics, noted for its loneliness (“forest”). Of (fanciful)…

…Mil.415 (of iron: carry weight)
imper vaha Vv.81#17;
inf vahituṃ Pv-a.122 (perhaps superfluous);
grd…

adjective lit. old, i.e. venerable; used, either as adj. or absolute as a respectful appellation of a bhikkhu of some standing (cp. the semantically identical thera). It occurs usua …

adverb wrongly, in a wrong way, wrong-, false Snp.438 (laddho yaso), Snp.815 (paṭipajjati leads a wrong course of life, almost syn with anariyaṃ. Illustrated by “pāṇaṃ hanati, adinnaṃ ādiyati, sandhi …

v. intrs. to forget, to pass into oblivion, to become bewildered to become careless DN.i.19 (sati m.); Ja.v.369 (id.); Snp.815 (= nassati Snp-a.536; = parimussati, paribāhiro hoti Mnd.144)
pp *[muṭ …

…store Dhp-a.i.220;

• -ghaṭa oil jar DN-a.i.144;
• -cāṭī an oil tank Dhp-a.i.220; *…