indeclinable the sound “huṃ” an utterance of discontent or refusal Dhp-a.iii.108 = Vv-a.77; Vism.96. Cp. haṃ huṅkāra growling,…

A novice who had a conversation with Prince Jayasena on the life of the bhikkhu. Aciravata repeats this conversation to the Buddha who thereupon preaches the Dantabhūmi Sutta. MN.iii.128ff.

The nov …

Probably the name of a brahmin clan, the Agnivesyāyanas, and the Ksatriyas who were so styled, took the name from their brahmin priests.

The name is used by the Buddha in addressing Saccaka Nigaṇṭhap …

AjitakesakambalaKesakambalaAjita

Head of one of the six heretical sects mentioned in the Pitakas as being contemporaneous with the Buddha. He is described as a Titthaka (non-Buddhist teacher), leade …

A headman (gāmani). He came to the Buddha in the Pārileyyaka Mango Grove in Nāḷandā and asked him various questions, recorded in the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.iv.312ff. One of these related to the custo …

Assaji¹

The fifth of the Pañcavaggiyā monks. When the Buddha preached the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, he was the last in whom dawned the eye of Truth, and the Buddha had to discourse to h …

AññātakoṇḍaññaKoṇḍañña

One of the five ascetics known as the Pañcavaggiyā. When, after the Enlightenment, the Buddha visited them at Isipatana and preached the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, Koṇḍañña w …

Bandhumatī¹

The city of birth of Vipassī Buddha. DN.i.7

5townBandhumatī²

Wife of King Bandhumā and mother of Vipassī Buddha. DN.i.7

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Bhaddiya¹

An anāgāmī, one of seven persons who became arahants as soon as they were born in Avihā. SN.i.35 SN.i.60

Bhaddiya²Kāligodhāputta

Chief among monks of aristocratic …

One of the Chabbaggiyā. His followers were called Bhummajakā.

A class of devas, earth bound deities. They belong to the lowest category of devas. AN.iv.119

Uncle of Prince Jayasena. He was a friend of Sambhūta, and, when the latter left the household, he was accompanied by his friends Bhūmija, Jeyyasena and Abhirādhana, all of whom joined the Order. MN.i …

A holy river where men bathe in order to expiate their sins. MN.i.39

4river

A group of six monks, contemporary with the Buddha, frequently mentioned as being guilty of various Vinaya offences. Vin.i.84f. Vin.i.104 Vin.i.106 Vin.i.111 Vin.i.113 Vin.i.114 Vin.i.138 Vin.i.160 …

Channa¹

A Wanderer, classed among those who wore clothes. He is only mentioned once, in the Aṅguttara Nikāya, AN.iii.215 where we are told that he visited Ānanda at Sāvatthī and asked him …

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

An arahant. With the Buddha’s sanction, and wishing to be of service to the Order, he took upon himself the task of appointing night’s-lodgings to travelling monks and of directing them to meals. He …

GijjhakūṭaVulture’s Peak

One of the five hills encircling Rājagaha. It was evidently a favourite resort of those who followed the religious life.

The Buddha seems to have been attracted by its solit …

IsipatanaMigadayaDeer Park

An open space near Benares, the site of the famous Migadāya or Deer Park. It was eighteen leagues from Uruvelā, and when Gotama gave up his austere penances his friends, th …

A prince who once visited the novice Aciravata at Veḷuvana in Rājagaha and asked him to teach the Doctrine. Reluctantly the novice did so, but at the end of the exposition Jayasena declared that he wa …

Slave of King Caṇḍapajjota. His father was non-human, and he himself could travel sixty leagues a day. When Pajjota discovered that Jīvaka had fled, after administering to him some medicine containin …

Mentioned as having stayed with Mahā Moggallāna on Gijjhakūṭa. Once, when they were going down to Rājagaha for alms, Lakkhaṇa noticed that at a certain spot Moggallāna smiled; on asking him why, he wa …

MahāmoggallānaMoggallānaKolita

The second of the Chief Disciples of the Buddha. He and Sāriputta went forth as disciples of Sañjaya. After some time, Sāriputta, wandering about in Rājagaha, met Assaj …

MakkhaliGosāla

One of the six heretical teachers contemporaneous with the Buddha. He held that there is no cause, either ultimate or remote, for the depravity of beings or for their rectitude. The at …

A group of monks, followers of Mettiya and Bhummajaka forming part of the Chabbaggiyā (Group of Six Monks).

Twice they brought an unfounded charge of breach of morality against Dabba Mallaputta, who …

A nun who, at the instigation of the Mettiyabhummajakā, charged Dabba Mallaputta with having violated her chastity. She was expelled from the Order for this offence.

A Paribbājaka. He once visited the Buddha at Veḷuvana and questioned him regarding predestination. The Buddha explains to him that suffering arises from various causes—bile, phlegm, wind, bodily humou …

MāraNamuciKaṇhaAdhipatiAntakaPamattabandhuPāpimā

Generally regarded as the personification of Death, the Evil One, the Tempter. Sometimes known as the Dark One (Kaṇha). Snp.355 MN.i.377 DN.ii.262 T …

A class of beings classed with Garuḷas and Supaṇṇas and playing a prominent part in Buddhist folk lore. They are gifted with miraculous powers and great strength. Generally speaking, they are confused …

A king, ancestor of the Sākyas and the Kolians.

In the Ambaṭṭha Sutta DN.i.92 it is stated that Okkāka, being fond of his queen and wishing to transfer the kingdom to her son, banished from the kingd …

PacchābhummaPacchābhūma

The name given to the district to the west of the Middle Country. SN.iii.5 SN.iii.6 Mention is also made of the Pacchābhūmakā brahmins, who are carriers of water pots, fire wo …

One of the seven human beings born in the Avihā-world, where they will pass completely away. SN.i.35 SN.i.60

PokkharasātiPokkharasādi

A brahmin of great wealth and learning who lived in Ukkaṭṭha, on a royal demesne given by Pasenadi. Ambaṭṭha was the pupil of Pokkharasāti, who sent him to the Buddha at Icch …

A name for Sakka, because, as a human being, he bestowed gifts from town to town. SN.i.229

RāhuRāhubhadda

An Asura chieftain. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.49f. says that on one occasion when he seized the Moon god, and on another the Sun god, both these invoked the aid of the Buddha. The Bud …

SakkaVatrabhūVāsavaMaghavāMāghaPurindadaSahassakkhaSahassanettaSujampatiKosiya

Almost always spoken of as chief of the devas. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.229 contains a list of his names.

• Maghavā, be …

Sobhita¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.71

Sobhita²

A monk who was foremost among those who could remember past births. AN.i.25 Thag.165–166

He was once accused of claiming to poss …

Soṇa¹

A Thera, declared chief of those possessing clear utterance. AN.i.24 He lived in Avantī, where he met Mahākaccāna and was later ordained by him, after much difficulty assembling the …

A rich brahmin of Campā, very learned in the Vedas; he lived in a royal domain, given to him as royal fief by King Bimbisāra. When the Buddha was in Campā, on the banks of the Gaggarā-lake, Soṇadaṇḍa …

A Licchavi prince of Vesāli. He was, at one time, a member of the Order and the personal attendant of the Buddha, but was later converted to the views of Korakkhattiya and went about defaming the Budd …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of his humble origins and how he bowed and scaped before many people, until he was lifted up by the Buddha. Practcing in the forest he realized the Dhamma, so that …

Suppiyā¹

The name of the inhabitants of Rājagaha in the time of Kassapa Buddha. At that time Vepulla was called Supassa. SN.ii.192

Suppiyā²

An upāsaka of Benares. Her husban …

His mother took him to the monks for ordination, thinking thus to ensure for him supreme happiness. Sānu lost his intellectual discernment and grew distraught and longed to go roaming. His former Yakk …

The fourth of the six deva worlds. AN.i.210

Four hundred years of human life are equal to one day of the Tusita world and four thousand years, so reckoned, is the term of life of a deva born in Tusit …

Upāli ¹

One of the most eminent of the Buddha’s immediate disciples. He belonged to a barber’s family in Kapilavatthu and entered the service of the Sākiyan princes. When Anuruddha and his …

Vaḍḍha¹

A Licchavi. He was a friend of the Mettiyabhummajakā, and, at their instigation, charged Dabba Mallaputta with having committed adultery with his wife. Dabba repudiated the charge, …

VepacittiSambara

An Asura chieftain, who was present with Namuci (Māra) at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

Vepacitti was the friend of Rāhu, and when Rāhu seized Candimā and Suriya …

A brahmin clan. The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions a lady of the gotta living in Kāmandā, who was evidently a teacher. A pupil of hers, having visited Udāyi, then staying in the Todeyya mango grove, told he …

A Buddha of the past, whose story is told in the Mahāpadāna Sutta. He was born in the Khema park in Bandhumatī, his father being Bandhumā and his mother Bandhumatī. He belonged to the Koṇḍañña gotta. …

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

The god of death. When beings die they are led before him to be judged according to their deeds. Birth, old age, illness, punishment for crime and death, are regarded as his messengers, sent among men …

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

A class of Devas, mentioned in lists of devas between those of Tāvatiṃsā and those of Tusita.Vin.i.12 AN.i.228 AN.iii.287 MN.ii.194 MN.iii.100 Two hundred years of human life are but one day to the Yā …

ĀjīvakāĀjīvikā

A class of naked ascetics, Vin.i.291 followers of Makkhali Gosāla, regarded, from the Buddhist point of view, as the worst of sophists. Numerous references to the Ājīvakas are to be fo …

an exclamation of horror or fright or aversion

1. (n.) a swelling;

   1. the human embryo in the second week after conception.
   2. (metaph.) a tumour, a cancer
2. 1. (n.) a certain high numeral; a great number (of years)
   2. (m.) the name of …

an exclamation of horror or fright or aversion

death by starvation.

with thumbs and/or big toes mutilated.

caused by a non-human, by a demon.

non-human.

not exalted, humble

atikkanta-mānussaka

mf(-ikā)n. superhuman

finger (often in pi. including the thumb); (occasionally) a toe.

the thumb; the big toe.

thumb-mark

1. possessing eyes, gifted with sight; (one) who has eyes, who can see; one who has the gift of sight.
2. one who possess insight and vision; wise.

1. possessing eyes, gifted with sight; (one) who has eyes, who can see; one who has the gift of sight.
2. one who possess insight and vision; wise.

1. skin (human or animal; either skin generally, or, in contradiction to chavi, the inner layer of skin, the hypoderma.
2. the flayed skin of an animal, leather.
3. the parchment sounding board of the …

of dakkhati

danta¹

masculine

1. tooth (of humans and animals) esp. elephant tusks; ivory.
2. elephant’s tusks; ivory.
3. the tooth of a comb (?)

danta²

mfn. tamed, subdued; controlled; restrained.

the condition of one who is tamed.

of dakkhati

smoke.

smoky fire (?); flames enveloped in smoke (?)

adverb until death or cremation (or mfn., lasting until cremation (?)

1. a pipe for (inhaling or ingesting) smoke.
2. an outlet or chimney.

smoking, smoldering; pondering.

1. smokes; smolders; clouds over.
2. burns; ponders; is vexed.

obscured, darkened (as if by smoke); hot, suffering.

smoky darkness.

of dhūmāyati

(mental) distress, dejection, unhappiness; ill-humor.

1. womb of humans and animals.
2. the fetus.
3. an inner room or an apartment; (in a vihara) a separate room or cell.

the human embryo (in the fourth week after conception)

grain, wheat.

(a place for storage or cooking, kappiyabhūmi or kappiyakuti) sited informally in an unfenced settlement; ? (as cows settle? or like encampments of cowherds (nomads)? or among the cattle?)

having eyelashes like that of a heifer.

the neck (of humans and animals); the neck of a jar.

obscured, darkened by desire; pained by desire

belonging to the Buddha’s birth place.

the human embryo (in the first seven days after conception); the embryo (of a bird).

very fine woolen cloth; made of very fine woolen cloth

very fine cotton; made of very fine cotton

place of safety; a peaceful, secure region

very fine linen; made of very fine linen

humpbacked; crooked; a hunchback.

humpbacked; crooked.

abuse; insulting; verbal attack.

abuses, insults; attacks verbally

abuses, insults; attacks verbally

mythical being, prob, an animal but with some human features or characteristics (they live in the mountains; are timid, but sing and dance superbly; and have remarkably beautiful eyes.

mythical being, prob, an animal but with some human features or characteristics (they live in the mountains; are timid, but sing and dance superbly; and have remarkably beautiful eyes.

irritation, disturbance (of the humors of the body); irritation, agitation, anger.

very fine silk; made of very fine silk

fine garment of muslin from from Kāsi

1. holds down, holds fast; holds back, restrains; humiliates.
2. refutes; reproves, reprimands.

humiliates; deceives; cheats.

humbles; subdues.

becomes humble, subdued; is humbled.

humbleness; obedience; respect.

speaking humbly; speaking hurtfully?

speaking humbly; speaking hurtfully?

nivāta¹

pr. 3 sg.

1. (mfn.) sheltered from the wind; unruffled, calm; free from drafts; safe, secure.
2. (n.) a place sheltered from the wind; absence of wind, calm, stillness; safety, se …

the nose (of a human or animal); the trunk of an elephant.

adverb intent upon lowly things; humble.

1. skin (human or animal)
2. bark; rind; peel.

1. skin (human or animal)
2. bark; rind; peel.

going crosswise or obliquely or horizontally; (m.f) an animal; a (non-human)

(being) an animal, a (non-human) creature.

inflated; swollen, bloated; the bloated (corpse, as asubha kammatthāna.

swollen; bloated, esp. of a corpse; the bloated (corpse, as asubha kammatthāna.

kind of small frog.

throws (something, acc.) to (acc.)

(a place for storage, kappiyabhūmi or kappiyakuṭi) authorized by a declaration (while it is being built), whose erection is coterminous with a declaration

(& mfn.?) an extraordinary or superhuman quality or attainment; (beyond the human norm; extraordinary)

pleasure ground, a park

1. (mfn.) added, accessory; incidental adventitious, external.
2. (mfn. and m.f) arriving, coming; a newcomer, a stranger; a traveller, esp. a visiting bhikkhu or bhikkhum.

Abhiññā: The 6 ‘higher powers’, or supernormal knowledge’s, consist of 5 mundane lokiya powers attainable through the utmost perfection in mental concentration samādhi and one supra-mundane * …

Anussati: ‘recollection’, reflection, meditation, contemplation. The six recollections often described in the Suttas e.g. A. VI, 10, 25; D. 33 are:

1: Recollection of the Buddha, *buddhānussati …

Bhavanga-sota: and Bhavanga-citta: The first term may tentatively be rendered as the ‘undercurrent forming the condition of being, or existence’, and the second as ‘subconsciousness’, though …

Bodhi: from verbal root budhi to awaken, to understand: awakening, enlightenment, supreme knowledge. Through Bodhi one awakens from the slumber or stupor inflicted upon the mind by the defilemen …

Brahma-kāyika-deva: The ‘divine beings of the Brahma-world’ inhabit the first 3 heavens of the fine-material world, rūpaloka corresponding to the 1st absorption jhāna. The highest ruler of …

Character: On the 6 kinds of human character, see: carita.

Gati: lit. ‘going’: ‘course of existence’, destiny, destination.;There are 5 courses of existence: hell, animal kingdom, ghost realm, human world, divine world; D. 33; A. XI, 68. Of these, the fir …

[[human world]]Human world: cf. loka gati

Iddhi-pāda: ‘roads to power’ or success are the 4 following qualities,,for as guides, they indicate the road to power connected therewith; and because they form, by way of preparation, the roads …

Ill-humour: divine beings who come to grief through: mano - padosika - deva.

Patisandhi: lit. ‘reunion, relinking’, i.e. rebirth, is one of the 14 functions of consciousness viññāna-kicca. It is a kamma-resultant type of consciousness and arises at the moment of concep …

Ānantarika-kamma: the 5 heinous ‘actions with immediate destiny’ are: Killing father, killing mother, killing an Arahat, wounding a Buddha so he bleeds, creating schism in the Bhikkhu-Sangha. In …

A (dense & dark) cloud, a cloudy mass AN.ii.53; Vin.ii.295 = Mil.273 in list of to things that obscure moon- & sunshine, viz.; abbhaṃ mahikā (mahiyā A) dhūmarajo (megho Miln), Rāhu. This list i …

adjective noun intimate friend, confidant, “chum” Ja.i.86 (+ ativissāsika), Ja.i.337 (“insider”, opp. bāhiraka).

fr. abbhantara, cp. Sk. abhyantara in same meaning

…C.).

a + bhū most likely = Vedic abhva and P. abbhuṃ, see also abbhāmatta

…adj
■ formation from abbhuṃ which in itself is nt. of abbha = Vedic abhva (see etym. under abbhāmatta and cp. abbhu, abbhuṃ & J.P.T.S….

…abbhamatta. Not quite correct Morris J.P.T.S. 1889, 201: abbhuṃ = ā + bhuk; cp also abbhuta

…what is contradictory to anything that is) cp. abbhuta abbhuṃ, and see Walde, Lat. Wtb. under dubius

defeat, humiliation Snp-a.436.

fr. abhibhavati

1. to roar, shout, thunder, to shout or roar at (c. acc.) Snp.831 (shouting or railing = gajjanto uggajjanto Mnd.172); ger. abhigajjiya thundering Cp.iii.10#8.
2. hum, chatter, twitter (of birds); s …

…SN.iv.190 (abhihaṭṭhuṃ); AN.v.350 (id.). 2. (intr.) to find delight in (c. acc.), to enjoy SN.v.74 (rūpaṃ manāpaṃ); AN.iv.419 sq….

Only in praise abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreti, to offer having fetched up. MN.i.224; AN.v.350 AN.v.352; SN.iv.190, SN.v.53, SN.v.300. See note in…

…SN.i.57, SN.i.14, (cakkhuṃ, rūpe etc.); AN.iv.411 Thag.606; Dhp.75, Dhp.219; Snp.1054, Snp.1057, Snp.1111; Cnd.82; Mil.25; DN-a.i.160;…

adjective overflowing, filled with (-˚), full Vin.i.279 (˚kāya a body full of humours, cp. Vin.ii.119 & Mil.134) Ja.i.17 (Ja.v.88 pītiyā); Mil.112 (duggandha˚).

pp. of abhisandati = abhi + syand, …

adjective groundless, unfounded, unsubstantial, Ja.v.178; Ja.vi.495.

a + bhumma

adjective & adverb ˚-

1. uninterrupted, continuous, perpetual Ja.i.223; Mil.413; Vv-a.71; Pv-a.73, Pv-a.125, Pv-a.266; Sdhp.288.
2. final, absolute, complete; adv. thoroughly SN.i.130 (˚ṃ hatapu …

fragrant aloe wood, Agallochum Vv.53#7 (aggalu = Vv-a.237 agalugandha); Vv-a.158 (+ candana). Cp. also Avs.i.24 and akalu.

cp. Sk. agu …

adjective not injuring others, harmless, humane, SN.i.165; Thag.879; Dhp.225; Ja.iv.447.

fr. ahiṃsā

not hurting, humanity, kindness DN.iii.147; AN.i.151; Dhp.261, Dhp.270; Ja.iv.71; Mil.402.

a + hiṃsā

Ajaddhuka & Ajaddhumāra

see jaddhu.

Ajaddhuka & Ajaddhumāra

see jaddhu.

see jajjara. Ajaddhuka & Ajaddhumara;

…Ja.iv.402 (bāhira-vatthuṃ ayācitvā ajjhattikassa nāmaṃ gaṇhati); Dhs.673, Dhs.751; Vb.13, Vb.67, Vb.82 sq., Vb.119, Vb.131, Vb.392…

the eye MN.i.383 (ubbhatehi akkhīhi); Snp.197, Snp.608; Ja.i.223, Ja.i.279; Ja.v.77; Ja.vi.336; Pv.ii.9#26 (akkhīni paggharanti: shed tears, cp. Pv-a.123); Vv-a.65 (-īni bhamanti, my eyes swi …

being which is not human, a fairy demon, ghost, god, spirit, yakkha Vin.i.277; DN.i.116; SN.i.91, Ja.i.99; Dhs.617; Mil.207; Dhs-a.319; Dhp-a.i.13 (˚pariggahīta haunted); Pv-a.216
■ Cp. amānusa. …

adjective non-or superhuman unhuman, demonic, peculiar to a non-human (Peta or Yakkha) Pv.ii.12#20 (kāma); Pv.iv.1#57 (as n.); Pv.iv.3#6 (gandha, of Petas)
■ f. ˚ī Dhp.373 (rati = dibbā rati Dhp- …

adjective

1. (lit.) blind, blinded, blindfolded Ja.i.216 (dhūm˚); Pv.iv.1#48; Pv-a.3
   ■ dark, dull, blinding MN.iii.151 (˚andhaṃ adv. dulled); Snp.669 (Ep. of timisa, like Vedic andhaṃ tamaḥ); D …

“eating”, food, esp. boiled rice, but includes all that is eaten as food, viz. odana, kummāsa, sattu, maccha, maṃsa (rice gruel, flour, fish, meat) Mnd.372 = Mnd.495. Anna is spelt *[aṇṇa](/define/aṇṇ …

adjective

1. disappeared, gone, left DN.i.222. MN.i.487. Mil.18. Pv-a.245.
2. in phrase anantarahitāya bhūmiyā (loc) on the bare soil (lit. on the ground with nothing put in between it & the perso …

adjective not raised, not elated, not haughty, humble Snp.702 (care = uddhaccaṃ nâpajjeyya Snp-a.492).

uṇṇata

adjective noun

1. (racial) Aryan DN.ii.87.
2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by Aryans, gene …

passed beyond, passed by, gone by, elapsed; passed over, passing beyond, surpassing Ja.ii.128 (tīṇi saṃvaccharāni); Dhp-a.iii.133 (tayo vaye passed beyond the 3 ages of life); Pv-a.55 (māse ˚e after …

atta (the latter is the form used in comp^n.)

I. Inflection

1. of attan- (n. stem); the foll. cases are the most freq:
   ■ acc. attānaṃ DN.i.13, DN.i.18 …

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

(-˚) feminine stooping, bending, bowing down, humiliation Mil.387 (unnat’âvanati).

fr. avanamati

Avihiṃsa (Avihesa)

feminine absence of cruelty, mercy, humanity, friendliness, love DN.iii.213, DN.iii.215, DN.iii.240 (avihesā); Snp.292 (= sakaruṇabhāva Snp-a.318); Iti.82 (˚vitakka).

a + vihiṃsā

Avihiṃsa (Avihesa)

feminine absence of cruelty, mercy, humanity, friendliness, love DN.iii.213, DN.iii.215, DN.iii.240 (avihesā); Snp.292 (= sakaruṇabhāva Snp-a.318); Iti.82 (˚vitakka).

a + vihiṃsā

absence of contesting or disputing, agreement, harmony DN.iii.245; Snp.896 (˚bhūma Snp-a.557 or ˚bhumma Mnd.308, expl^d. as Nibbāna).

a + vivāda

Ayo & Aya

neuter iron. The nom. ayo found only in set of 5 metals forming an alloy of gold (jātarūpa), viz ayo, loha (copper), tipu (tin), *sīsa …

Ayo & Aya

neuter iron. The nom. ayo found only in set of 5 metals forming an alloy of gold (jātarūpa), viz ayo, loha (copper), tipu (tin), *sīsa …

adjective only used with ref. to the eyelashes, & usually expl^d. by visāla, i.e. extended wide, but also by bahala, i.e. thick. The meaning etym. is as yet uncertain. Ke …

Aṅgaṇa¹

neuter an open space, a clearing, Vin.ii.218; Ja.i.109 (= manussānan sañcaraṇa-ṭṭhāne anāvaṭe bhūmibhāge C.); Ja.ii.243, Ja.ii.290 Ja.ii.357; Dāvs i.27
■ cetiy˚; an open space …

an ornament for the finger, a finger-ring Ja.ii.444 (= nikkha).

cp. Sk. angulīyaka that which belongs to the finger, Mhg. vingerlîn = ring; E. bracelet, Fr bras; thimble thumb etc.

1. the thumb Vin.iii.34; Mil.123; Pv-a.198.
2. the great toe Ja.ii.92; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.43.

• -pada thumb-mark AN.iv.127 = SN.iii.154.
• -sineha love drawn from …

Aṭṭhi˚¹

in comb^n. with katvā: to make something one’s attha, i.e. object, to find out the essence or profitableness or value of anything to recognise the natu …

…Dhp.258; bahuṃ Pv-a.166, & bahud in compound bahud-eva (d may be euphonic) Ja.i.170; Bv.20, Bv.32. As nt. n. bahuṃ a…

1. religious offering, oblation DN.ii.74 (dhammika); AN.iv.17, AN.iv.19; Snp.223; Mhvs.36, Mhvs.88 (particularly to subordinate divinities, cp. Mvu. translation 263) Dhp-a.ii.14 (variant reading ˚k …

adjective having relatives, rich in kinsmen; only as Np. m bandhumā Name of father of the Buddha Vipassin DN.ii.11 = Vism.433; f. bandhumatī Name of mother of the Buddha Vipassin …

…Iti.117 (phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhiṃ); Ja.i.106 (˚puggala a person unfit for the higher truths & salvation); bhabbābhabba nt & unfit…

1. a bee Ja.v.205 (˚vaṇṇa bee-coloured, i.e. of black colour, in explⁿ of kaṇha); Thig.252. Usually in similes, e.g. at Dhp.49 (cp. Dhp-a.i.374 sq.); Vism.142, Vism.152; Snp-a.139.
2. …

humming top Ja.v.478.

fr. bhamara

…1^st sg. ahuṃ Pv.ii.3#2 (variant reading BB ahu) (= ahosiṃ Pv-a.83); 2^nd ahu (sk abhūḥ) Pv.ii.3#5;…

…Vv.80#1;
■ acc. bhikkhuṃ Vin.iii.174; Dhp.362; bhikkhunaṃ Snp.87, Snp.88, Snp.513;
■ gen. dat. bhikkhuno AN.i.274; Snp.221,…

adverb still more, more and more, only in cpd. -mattāya [cp. BSk. bhūyasyā mātrāya Mvu.ii.345; Divy.263 & passim exceedingly, abundantly AN.i.124 = Pp.30 (explained at Pp-a 212 by “bhiyyoso-mattā …

adjective noun

1. belonging to the earth, earthly, terrestrial; nt. soil, ground, floor Snp.222 (bhūtāni bhummāni earthly creatures contrasted with creatures in the air, antalikkhe), Snp.236 (id.); S …

Bhummi¹

feminine that which belongs to the ground, i.e. a plane (of existence), soil, stage (as t.t. in philosophy) Dhs-a.277 (˚y-āpatti), Dhs-a.339 (id.), Dhs-a.985 (dukkha˚), Dhs-a. …

speech, language, esp. vernacular, dialect Ja.iv.279 (manussa˚ human speech), Ja.iv.392 (caṇḍāla˚); Kp-a.101 (saka-saka˚-anurūpa); Snp-a.397 (Milakkha˚); DN-a.i.176 (Kirātā-Yavanâdi-Millakkhāna …

Bhū¹

adjective being, (n.) creature, living being in pāṇa-bhū a living being (a breathing being) Ja.v.79 (= pāṇa-bhūta C.).

fr. bhū

Bhū²

feminine the ear …

(-˚)

1. (lit.) ground, country, district SN.iii.5 (pacchā˚ the western district).
2. (fig. ground, reason for, occasion; stage, step Snp.896 (avivāda˚ ground of harmony; according to Snp-a.557 epit …

Bhūmaka & ˚ika

(adj.) (only-˚)

1. having floors or stories (of buildings) as dve˚ pāsāda Dhp-a.i.414; pañca˚; pāsāda a palace with 5 stories Ja.i.58, Ja.i.89; satta˚; with 7 stories (pāsāda) …

1. (lit.) ground, soil, earth Vin.ii.175; Snp.418 (yāna carriage road); Pv.i.10#14≈; Snp-a.353 (heṭṭhā-bhūmiyaṃ under the earth); Dhp-a.i.414 (id., opp. upari-bhūmiyaṃ)
2. place, quarter, district …

Bhūmaka & ˚ika

(adj.) (only-˚)

1. having floors or stories (of buildings) as dve˚ pāsāda Dhp-a.i.414; pañca˚; pāsāda a palace with 5 stories Ja.i.58, Ja.i.89; satta˚; with 7 stories (pāsāda) …

Bhūri¹

feminine the earth; given as name for the earth (paṭhavi) at Pts.ii.197; see also def. at Dhs-a.147. Besides these only in 2 doubtful compounds, both resting on demonology, viz. *b …

1. shape, image (= paṭimā Vv-a.168) SN.i.134 (trsl. “puppet”); SN.v.217 (vimba) Ja.v.452. In phrase cittakataṃ bimbaṃ it refers to the human body (“the tricked-out puppet-shape” Brethren 303): …

…Bv.v.31; Bv.xxv.6 inf bodhuṃ: see bujjhati, & bodhetuṃ Ja.iv.393. grd bodhabba DN.ii.246; AN.iv.136. 2. to make…

Bodhi¹

feminine (supreme knowledge, enlightenment, the knowledge possessed by a Buddha (see also sambodhi & sammā-sambodhi) MN.i.356; MN.ii.95 = DN.iii.237 (saddho h …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Buddha¹

adjective

1. understood SN.i.35 = SN.i.60 (su-dub-buddha very difficult to understand)
2. having attained enlightenment, wise AN.iv.449; Pv-a.16 (buddh’ ādayo), Pv-a.60 (= ari …

…belonging to budh are bodhuṃ Ja.v.341, and boddhuṃ Thag.167.

budh, y-formation, corresp. to Sk. budhyate for the usual bodhate. The…

…āyatanā); Ja.iv.402 (˚vatthuṃ ayācitvā ajjhattikassa nāmaṃ gaṇhāti); Dhs.674 (cp. trsl. p. 207) Vb.13; Mil.215; Vism.450. 3….

…arm Ja.iii.271 (bāhumā bāhuṃ pīḷentā shoulder to shoulder); Vism.192. -ṃ pasāreti to stretch out the arm (cp. bāhaṃ) Pv-a.112…

…by side of bāhu in others, like pacchā-bāhaṃ & ˚bāhuṃ bāhaṃ & bāhuṃ pasāreti

1. seed, germ, semen, spawn. Used very frequently in figurative sense: see on similes J.P.T.S. 1907, 116
   ■ DN.i.135 (˚bhatta seed-corn food); DN.iii.44 (the five kinds: see below under ˚gāma) …

the eye (nom. sg. cakkhuṃ) Vin.i.34; SN.i.115; MN.iii.134 etc.)

I. The eye as organ of sense

1. psychologically cakkhunā rūpaṃ…

adjective having eyes, being gifted with sight; of clear sight, intuition or wisdom possessing knowledge (cp. samantacakkhu) DN.i.76 (one who knows, i.e. a connoisseur); cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhinti “ …

adjective moving, quivering; unsteady, fickle, transient SN.iv.68 (dhammā calā c’ eva vyayā ca aniccā, etc.); Ja.ii.299; Ja.iii.381; Ja.v.345; Mil.93, Mil.418 Sdhp.430, Sdhp.494. *-[acala](/define/ac …

base of numeral four

1. As num. adj. nom. & acc. m cattāro (Dhp.109; Ja.iii.51) and caturo (Snp.84, Snp.188), f. catasso (Snp.1122), nt. cattāri (Snp.227); gen. m. catunnaṃ (Snp.p.102), (f. catassa …

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

the earth; only in oblique cases, used as adv. Instr. chamā on the ground, to the ground (= ved. kṣamā) MN.i.387; DN.iii.6; Ja.iii.232; Ja.iv.285; Ja.vi.89, Ja.vi.528; Vv.41#4 (Vv …

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

SA on SN.iii.151 sq. (bhūmicittatāya dvāracittatāya ārammaṇacittatāya kammanānatta).

f. abstr. to citta¹

Cittatā

“being of such a heart or mind,” state of mind, character SN.iii.152; SN. …

shaking, a shock, only in bhūmi˚; earthquake.

From calati

adjective charming, desirable pleasant, beautiful Ja.vi.481; Mil.201; Sdhp.428, Sdhp.512; Vv-a.36 (= vaggu), sucāru SN.i.181; Pv.ii.12#12 (= suṭṭhumanorama).

• -dassana lovely …

Cātur˚

(and cātu˚) consisting of four. Only in compounds viz.

• -(r)anta (adj.) “of four ends,” i.e. covering or belonging to the 4 points of the compass, all-encircling, Ep of the earth: Ja.ii. …

adjective to be tamed or restrained; esp with ref. to a young bullock MN.i.225 (balagāvā dammagāvā the bulls & the young steers); Iti.80; also of other animals: assadamma-sārathi a horse-trainer AN. …

Danta¹

a tooth, a tusk, fang, esp. an elephant’s tusk; ivory Vin.ii.117 (nāga-d. a pin of ivory); Kp ii. (as one of the taca-pañcaka, or 5 dermatic constituents of the body, viz. kesā, l …

1. Lit. seeing, looking; noticing; sight of, appearance, look. Often equivalent to an infinitive “to see,” esp. as dat. dassanāya in order to see, for the purpose of seeing (cp. dassana-kāma = da …

… inf daṭṭhuṃ Snp.685 (daṭṭhukāma); Ja.i.290; Pv.iv.1#3 (= passituṃ Pv-a.219); Pv-a.48, Pv-a.79; Vv-a.75
…

god, a divine being; usually in pl. devā the gods. As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level. Thus primarily (see 1^a) …

“condition or state of a deva, divinity; divine being, deity, fairy. The term comprises all beings which are otherwise styled devas, & a list of them given at Cnd.308 & based on the principle that any …

…DN-a.i.237 dhammesu vā cakkhuṃ dhammamayaṃ vā cakkhuṃ Cp. SN.ii.134 (˚paṭilābha; + dhammâbhisamaya); Dial. i.184; ii.176; *…

Dhañña¹

neuter grain, corn. The usual enumⁿ comprises 7 sorts of grain, which is however not strictly confined to grain-fruit proper (“corn”) but includes, like other enum ^…

in ˚kaṭacchuka = druma˚; having a wooden spoon (see duma), cp. Mar. dhumārā? (Ed. in note) Dhp-a.ii.59.

Doubtful reading.

to shake, toss; to shake off, remove destroy SN.i.156 (maccuno senaṃ); Thag.256 = Mil.245; dhunāti pāpake dhamme dumapattaṃ va māluto Thag.2; Ja.i.11 (verse 48); Ja.iii.44 (hatthe dhuniṃsu, wrung thei …

1. a yoke, a pole, the shaft of a carriage Ja.i.192 (purima-sakaṭa˚) Ja.i.196; Cp.ii.8, Cp.ii.4.
2. (fig.) a burden, load, charge, office, responsibility Snp.256 (vahanto porisaṃ dh ˚ṃ “carrying a hu …

Dhārā¹

feminine torrent, stream, flow, shower DN.i.74 (sammā˚ an even or seasonable shower; DN-a.i.218 = vuṭṭhi); DN.ii.15 (udakassa, streams) Ja.i.31; Pts.i.125 (udaka˚); Pv.ii.9#70 (sam …

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

smoke, fumes Vin.i.204 (aroma of drugs) MN.i.220 (dh ˚ṃ kattā); AN.v.352 (id.); AN.ii.53; AN.iv.72 sq. AN.v.347 sq.; Ja.iii.401, Ja.iii.422 (tumhākaṃ dh-kāle at the time when you will end in smoke, i …

Dhūmāyati & Dhūmayati

to smoke, to smoulder, choke; to be obscured to cloud over MN.i.142 (variant reading dhūpāyati); Pv.i.6#4 (pariḍayhati + dh. hadayaṃ); Dhp-a.i.425 (akkhīni me dh. I see almost …

smoking, smouldering MN.i.143; Ne.24 (as variant reading to dhūpāyanā).

Dhūmāyati & Dhūmayati

to smoke, to smoulder, choke; to be obscured to cloud over MN.i.142 (variant reading dhūpāyati); Pv.i.6#4 (pariḍayhati + dh. hadayaṃ); Dhp-a.i.425 (akkhīni me dh. I see almost …

becoming like smoke, clouding over, obscuration SN.iii.124 (+ timirāyitattaṃ).

abstr. to dhūmāyati

incense Ja.i.51, Ja.i.64, Ja.i.290 (gandha˚, dvandva cpd.); Ja.iii.144; Ja.vi.42; Pv-a.141 (gandhap̄uppha˚) dh˚ṃ dadāti to incense (a room) Ja.i.399. Sometimes misspelt dhūma, e.g. …

adjective of the next world, divine, heavenly, celestial, superb magnificent, fit for exalted beings higher than man (devas, heroes, manes etc.), superhuman, opp. mānusaka human. Freq. qualifying the …

Dosa¹

corruption blemish, fault, bad condition, defect; depravity, corrupted state; usually -˚, as khetta˚ blight of the field Mil.360; tiṇa˚ spoilt by weeds Dhp.356; Pv-a.7; visa ill ef …

…pariññāya sakhettavatthuṃ Tathāgato arahati pūraḷāsaṃ Snp.473 pajahati d˚ṃ Snp.789, Snp.1056. dukkhassa samudayo ca atthangamo ca…

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

fuel, fire etc. Only in adj. neg. an˚ without fuel Ja.iv.26.

Sk. edhaḥ, cp. idhma, inddhe; Gr. α ̓ϊχος, ἀίχω, Lat. aedes, Ohg. eit, Ags. ād funeral pile, etc. See idhuma iṭṭhaka

adjective noun masculine one. Eka follows the pron. declension i.e. nom. pl. is eke (e.g. Snp.43, Snp.294, Snp.780 etc.)

1. “one” as number, either with or without contrast to two or more; often al …

adverb on one side, apart, aside Vin.i.47, Vin.i.94 = Vin.ii.272; DN.i.106; Snp.p.13 (expl^d. at Snp-a.140 as follows: bhāvana-puṃsaka-niddeso, ek’okāsaṃ ekapassan ti vuttaṃ hoti, bhummat …

The three formations (described below in the etymology) are represented in Pāli as follows.

1. gacch˚, in
   pres gacchati;
   imper gaccha & gacchāhi;
   pot gacche (Dhp.46, Dhp.224) & gacchey …

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

ball for playing. The SS spelling is in all places bheṇḍuka, which has been taken into the text by the editors of J. and Dhs-a. The misspelling is due to a misreading of Singhal …

…Pv-a.271); DN-a.i.256 (= khuṃseti); Dhp-a.i.251 2. fig AN.iii.343; Snp.847 (cp. Mnd.208); Vism.18
pp ghaṭṭita Pp.30, Pp.36;…

, f.) a cow, an ox, bull, pl. cattle. For f. cp gāvī; see also *gava*˚ for cpds
■ Sg. nom. go (Snp.580 also in composition, cp. aja-go-mahisādi Pv-a.80 = pasū) gen. gavassa (MN.i. …

wheat (usually mentioned with yava, spelt) Mil.267; DN-a.i.163; Snp-a.323. See dhañña.

[cp. Sk. gaurava, fr. garu] reverence, respect, esteem; with loc. respect for reverence towards; in the set of six venerable objects Buddhe [Satthari], Dhamme, Sanghe, sikkhāya, appamāde paṭisanthāre …

adjective

1. green, pale(-green), yellowish. It is explained by Dhpāla as nīla (e.g. Vv-a.197; Pv-a.158), and its connotation is not fixed
   ■ Vin.i.137; DN.i.148; SN.i.5; Ja. …

…confidence into the word huṃ“ Bdhgh (Vin.i.362) says: “diṭṭha-mangaliko mānavasena kodhavasena ca huhun ti karonto vicarati.”

fr….

Iddha¹

in flames, burning, flaming bright, clear Ja.vi.223 (˚khaggadharā balī; so read for T. iṭṭhi-khagga˚); Dpvs.vi.42.

pp. of iddhe to idh or indh, cp. indhana & idhuma

Iddha<sup …

fire-wood - Tela-kaṭāha-gāthā, p. 53, J.P.T.S. 1884.

Sk. idhma, see etym. under iṭṭhakā

firewood, fuel Ja.iv.27 (adj. an˚ without fuel aggi); Ja.v.447; Thag-a.256; Vv-a.335; Sdhp.608. Cp. idhuma.

Vedic indhana, of idh or indh to kindle, cp. iddha¹

…note: read ajuṭṭha˚?) ˚mārika AN.iv.287 (variant reading ajeṭṭha˚).

for jaddhuṃ, inf. to jakṣ (P. jaggh), corresp. to Sk. jagdhi…

conquering, victorious, often of the Buddha, “Victor”: jitā me pāpakā dhammā tasmâhaṃ Upaka jino ti Vin.i.8 = MN.i.171; Vin.v.217; Snp.379, Snp.697, Snp.989, Snp.996. magga˚ conqueror of the Path Snp. …

Jāla¹

neuter a net; netting, entanglement (lit. or fig.): snare, deceptíon (= māyā)

A. Lit

Cnd.260 (= suttajāla, a plaiting of threads); Snp-a.115 Snp-a.263 (= suttamaya) DN. …

…kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahuṃ Dhp.53 = Mil.333; yakkhinī jātâsi (born a G. Ja.vi.337; rukkho j. Ja.i.222; latā jātā Dhp.340;…

■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of …

adjective always in combination with āhāra, food “made into a ball,” i.e. eatable, material food, as one of the 4 kinds of food (see stock phrase k˚ āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā… at …

1. the hump on the shoulders of an Indian bull Ja.ii.225; Ja.vi.340.
2. a cock’s comb: see sīsa kakudha.
3. a king’s symbol or emblem (nt.) Ja.v.264. There are 5 such insignia regis, …

1. (nt.) going, proceeding course, step, way, manner, e.g. sabbatth’âvihatakkama “having a course on all sides unobstructed Sdhp.425; vaḍḍhana˚ process of development Bdhd 96 paṭiloma˚ (going) the opp …

, neuter the waterpot with long spout used by non-Buddhist ascetics SN.i.167; Ja.ii.73 (= kuṇḍikā); Ja.iv.362, Ja.iv.370; Ja.vi.86, Ja.vi.525, Ja.vi.570 Snp.p.80; Dhp-a.iii.448-adj. kamaṇḍaluka [ …

, nt.)

woollen stuff, woollen blanket or garment. From Ja.iv.353 it appears that it was a product of the north, probably Nepal (cp. J.P.T.S. 1889, 203); enumerated as one of the 6 kinds of cīvaras …

adjective dark, black, as attr. of darkness, opposed to light, syn. with kāḷa (q.v. for etym.); opp. sukka. In general it is hard to separate the lit. and fig. meanings, an ethical implication is to b …

adjective noun difficult to pass, scil. magga, a difficult road, waste land, wilderness, explained as nirudaka īriṇa Vv-a.334 (on Vv.84#3), combined with maru˚ Pv-a.99 and marukantāramagga Pv-a.112 …

adjective

1. (cp. kappa ii.1^a) according to rule, right, suitable, fitting, proper, appropriate (Pv-a.26 = anucchavika paṭirūpa) Ja.i.392; DN-a.i.9; Pv-a.25 Pv-a.141
   ■ a˚; not r …

adjective made of cotton DN.ii.188, cp. AN.iv.394; DN.ii.351; Vin.i.58 = Vin.i.97 = Vin.i.281; Ja.vi.590; Pv.ii.1#17. (nt cotton stuff Mil.267.

• -paṇṇa the leaf of the cotton tre …

1. (f.) pity compassion. Karuṇā is one of the 4 qualities of character significant of a human being who has attained enfranchisement of heart (ceto-vimutti) in the 4 sentiments viz. mettā k.˚ upekhā …

(& sometimes; kaṭa) done, worked, made. Extremely rare as v. trs. in the common meaning of E. make, Ger. machen, or Fr. faire (see the cognate kapp and jan, also uppajjati & viss …

Kaṇḍu¹

feminine the itch, itching, itchy feeling, desire to scratch Vin.i.202, Vin.i.296; Ja.v.198; Vism.345. kaṇḍuṃ karoti to make or cause to itch Ja.v.198; vineti to allay the itch, to …

the hair of the head SN.i.115 (haṭa-haṭa-k˚, with dishevelled hair) AN.i.138 (palita-kesa with grey hair; also at Ja.i.59) Snp.456 (nivutta˚), Snp.608; Thag.169; Ja.i.59, Ja.i.138; Ja.iii.393; Mil. …

1. ray, beam of light splendour, effulgence Thag.64; which is a riddle on the various meanings of ketu.
2. flag, banner, sign perhaps as token of splendour Thag.64. dhamma-k˚ having the Doctrine as …

…kīḷantā bahuṃ pāpakammaṃ katvā enjoying themselves (wrongly) to their heart’s content Ja.iii.43. Cp. kāmesu…

1. to be patient, to endure, to forgive (acc. of object and gen. of person): n’ âhaṃ bhayā khamāmi Vepacittino (not do I forgive V. out of fear) SN.i.221 SN.i.222; aparādhaṃ kh. to forgive a fault Ja. …

I. Crude meaning

bulk, massiveness (gross) substance.

1. Esp. used
   1. of an elephant: the bulk of the body, i.e. its back SN.i.95 vāraṇassa Ja.iii.392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on th …

nom. also khattiyāse Ja.iii.441. A shortened form is khatya Ja.vi.397
■ f. khattiyā AN.iii.226–⁠AN.iii.229, khattī DN.i.193, and khattiyī. A member of one of the clans or tribes recognised as of Ary …

1. (adj.) full of peace, safe; tranquil, calm DN.i.73 (of a country) SN.i.123 (of the path leading to the ambrosial, i.e. Nibbāna), SN.i.189 = Snp.454 (of vācā nibbānapattiyā); MN.i.227 (vivaṭaṃ amata …

1. (lit.) a field, a plot of land, arable land, a site, DN.i.231; SN.i.134 (bījaṃ khette virūhati; in simile); three kinds of fields at SN.iv.315, viz. agga˚ majjhima˚, hīna˚ (in simile); AN.i.229 = A …

adjective

1. humpbacked Ja.v.426 (+ piṭhasappī); DN-a.i.148 (in combination with vāmana kirāta); f. Dhp-a.i.194, Dhp-a.i.226.
2. small, inferior, in kh˚-rājā a smaller, subordinate king Sdhp.453 …

…DN.i.90, DN-a.i.256 (= ghaṭṭeti); Vin.iv.7; Snp-a.357; Dhp-a.iv.38
pp khuṃsita Dhp-a.ii.75.

kruś? Dhtp.625: akkosane; cp. Müller…

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

anger. Nearest synonyms are āghāta (Dhs.1060 = Cnd.576 both expositions also of dosa), upanāha (always in chain rāga, dosa, moha, kodha, upanāha) and *[dhūma]( …

adjective

1. having a point or a top, with ref. to the human teeth as eka˚, dvi˚; ti˚, catu˚, or teeth with one, two, etc., points Vism.251.
2. having an end or climax SA on pariyanta (see KS. p. …

in kujantā dīnalocanā Sdhp.166: to be bent, crooked, humpbacked?

or kujjati? see kujja

adjective lit. “bent,” as nt kujjaṃ in ajjhena-kujjaṃ Snp.242 crookedness, deceit fraud (cp. Snp-a.286 kūṭa?). Cp. kujati & khujja, see also ava˚, uk˚, nik˚, paṭi˚, pali˚.

Sk. kubja, humpbacked; …

the red powder of rice husks (cp. kukkusa) Vin.ii.151; Vin.ii.280; Ja.ii.289 (text has kuṇḍadaka) = Dhp-a.iii.325 (ibid. as ācāma˚). Also used as toilet powder Dhp-a.ii.261 (kuṇḍakena sarīraṃ makkhe …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

adjective blind, usually of one eye, occasionally of both (see Pp-a 227) SN.i.94; Vin.ii.90; AN.i.107 = AN.ii.85 = Pp.51 (in explⁿ of tamaparāyaṇa purisa); Thig.438; Ja.i.222 (one-eyed); …

…how far? Mil.16; Dhp-a.i.386; k˚-mahantaṃ how big? Dhp-a.i.29; Vv-a.325 k˚ bahuṃ how much? Dhp-a.iv.193.

Sk. kiyant and kīvant; formed…

…how far? Mil.16; Dhp-a.i.386; k˚-mahantaṃ how big? Dhp-a.i.29; Vv-a.325 k˚ bahuṃ how much? Dhp-a.iv.193.

Sk. kiyant and kīvant; formed…

…(id.), Pv-a.96 (= laddhuṃ sakkā).

best to be taken, with Pischel, Prk. Gr. § 465, as an old Opt. 3^rd sg., like…

…DN.ii.147
inf laddhuṃ Ja.ii.352; Dhp-a.iii.117; Pv-a.96
ger laddhā (poet.) Snp.306,…

…Ja.ii.451
■ nt. lahuṃ (adv.) quickly Pv.iv.1#60; Dpvs.i.53; Mhvs.4, Mhvs.17
■ Usually as…

causing shame, humiliating, disgraceful Ja.vi.395.

fr. lajjana

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

…Ja.vi.529 (= madhuṃ paggharanto C.). Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. unnecessarily reads as ˚atthika which he takes =…

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

human being; man AN.iv.159; Snp.458 Snp.661, Snp.1043 sq.; Dhp.306, Dhp.334. Cnd.496 (explains as “manussa” & “satta”).

• -ādhipa lord of men Mhvs.19, Mhvs.32.
• -inda king of m …

human being, man. The popular etym. connects m. with Manu(s), the ancestor of men, e.g. Kp-a.123: “Manuno apaccā ti manussā, porāṇā pana bhaṇanti ʻmana-ussannatāya manussa’; te Jambudīpakā, Aparagoy …

human existence, state of men Iti.19; Vv.34#16; Snp-a.48, Snp-a.51; Sdhp.17 sq.

abstr. fr, manussa

Matta¹

adjective (-˚) “by measure,” measured, as far as the measure goes, i.e

1. consisting of, measuring (with numerals or similar expressions): appamatto kali Snp.659; pañcamattā sata …

1. to think, to be of opinion, to imagine, to deem Snp.199 (sīsaṃ… subhato naṃ maññati bālo), Snp.588 (yena yena hi maññanti, tato taṃ hoti aññathā) Ja.ii.258 (maññāmi ciraṃ carissati: I imagine he wi …

flesh, meat SN.ii.97 (putta˚); Dhp.152; Ja.iii.184; Pp.55; Vism.258 Vism.357 (in compar.); Dhp-a.i.375 (putta˚); Dhp-a.ii.51 (alla˚ living flesh); Vb-a.58, Vb-a.61 (pilotika-paliveṭhita). Describ …

adjective staggering, confused troubled, discontented Vin.ii.118; SN.v.74; Dhp.249 Mnd.150; Dhp-a.iii.41, Dhp-a.iii.359 (with loc.)
■ f. pl. maṅkū Vin.i.93
■ dummaṅku “st …

sacrifice only in assa˚; horse-sacrifice & purisa˚; human s. (q.v.) e.g. at AN.iv.151; Snp.303
■ Cp. mejjha.

Vedic medha, in aśva, go˚, puruṣa˚ etc.

or ˚ā feminine tumbling, turning somersaults, an acrobatic feat; in list of forbidden amusements at DN.i.6 (cp. DN-a.i.86; samparivattaka-kīḷanaṃ, i.e. playing with something that rolls along, conti …

adjective = mudu.

1. flexible, pliable, soft SN.ii.221 (sanghāṭi); Vism.66 (giving in easily, compared with ukkaṭṭha & majjhima); Kp-a.49 (˚aṭṭhikāni soft bones); Mhvs.25, 102 (sayana); -bhūmi Mil. …

…jīvitakappake puggale bahuṃ alikaṃ hoti, appakaṃ saccaṃ.“ The text at Vb-a.483 is slightly different, although the sense is the…

1. pride, conceit, arrogance (cittassa uṇṇati Mnd.80; Vb.350). Māna is one of the Saññojanas It is one of the principal obstacles to Arahantship A detailed analysis of māna in tenfold aspect is give …

Mānusaka = mānusa

viz.

1. (adj.) human: AN.i.213 (sukhaṃ); Snp.524 (brahma-khettaṃ); Dhp.417 (yogaṃ m. kāyaṃ Dhp-a.iv.225); Vv.35#6; Ja.i.138 (kāmā)
   ■ f manusikā Vism.407.
2. a human being, …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) human Snp.301 (bhoga); Iti.94 (kāmā dibbā ca mānusā); Pv.ii.9#21 (m. deha); Pv.ii.9#56 (id.)- amānusa divine Vv.35#6; Pv.ii.12#20; ghostly (= superhuman …

Mānusaka = mānusa

viz.

1. (adj.) human: AN.i.213 (sukhaṃ); Snp.524 (brahma-khettaṃ); Dhp.417 (yogaṃ m. kāyaṃ Dhp-a.iv.225); Vv.35#6; Ja.i.138 (kāmā)
   ■ f manusikā Vism.407.
2. a human being, …

death; usually personified as Np. Death, the Evil one, the Tempter (the Buddhist Devil or Principle of Destruction) Sometimes the term māra is applied to the whole of the worldly exi …

man (in poetry esp. a brave, strong heroic man), pl. either “men” or “people” (the latter e.g. at Snp.776, Snp.1082; Pv.i.11#12)
■ AN.i.130 AN.ii.5; AN.iii.53; Snp.39, Snp.96, Snp.116, Snp.329, Snp. …

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

Neḷa & Nela

(adj.)

1. without fault or sin blameless, faultless; not hurting, humane, gentle merciful, innocuous DN.i.4 (Bdhgh explains: elaṃ vuccati doso; n’ assā (i.e. vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddos …

Netta¹

a guide Ja.iii.111; Ne.130.

Sk. netra, fr. neti

Netta²

neuter guidance, anything that guides, a conductor, fig. the eye. SN.i.26 (sārathī nettāni gahetvā = the reins); …

Neḷa & Nela

(adj.)

1. without fault or sin blameless, faultless; not hurting, humane, gentle merciful, innocuous DN.i.4 (Bdhgh explains: elaṃ vuccati doso; n’ assā (i.e. vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddos …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

adjective “slain”; put down, settled; destroyed; dejected, humiliated; humble Vin.ii.307 (settled); Ja.v.435 (˚bhoga one whose fortunes are destroyed).

• -māna “with slain pride,” …

adjective one who does not confide in the sound huṃ Vin.i.3 (cp. J.P.T.S. 1901 42).

fr. nī˚; = nis + huhunka

to bring down, humiliate, to deceive, cheat Snp.138 (nikubbetha Pot. = vañceyya Kp-a.247). pp. nikata (q.v.).

Sk. nikaroti, ni + karoti

adjective gone out, departed from (c. abl.), gone away; also med going out, giving up, figuratively leaving behind, resigning renouncing (fusing in meaning with kanta¹ of kāmyati = desirele …

to turn upside down, to upset Vin.ii.113; AN.iv.344 (pattaṃ). pp. nikkujjita.

for nikujjati (q.v.) through analogy with opp. ukkujjati. Etym. perhaps to kujja humpback, Sk kub …

service, humility Ja.iii.120 (nikāra-pakāra, prob. to be read nipaccākāra, q.v.).

Sk. nikāra in diff. meaning, ni + kāra

1. to chirp, warble, hum Thag.1270 (nikūjaṃ); Thag-a.211 (nikūji).
2. to twang, jingle, rustle Ja.iii.323

pp nikūjita
■ Cp abhi˚.

ni + kūjati “to sing on”

to crush, subdue humiliate; insult DN.i.92 (variant reading -maddeti; = DN-a.i.257 nimmadati nimmāne karoti), Dhp.93, Dhp.96.

either = Sk. nirmṛdayati (mṛd) or *nirmādayati to nirmada. free fr …

Nimmāna¹

neuter measuring; production, creation, work; issara-n-hetu caused by God MN.ii.122; AN.i.173; Vb.367. N- ratī devā a class of devas, e.g. at DN.i.218; Iti.94; Vism.225; DN- …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) bent down (cp ninnata), low-lying, deep, low, sunken Ja.ii.3 (magga) Pv-a.29 (bhūmibhāga), Pv-a.132 (ṭhāṇa); esp. freq. as-˚ bent on, inclining to, leading to, aiming at, …

Nipacc-ākāra

obedience, humbleness, service SN.i.178; SN.v.233; AN.v.66; Ja.i.232 Ja.iv.133; Vv-a.22, Vv-a.320; Pv-a.12. Nipacca-vadin

nipacca, ger. of nipatati + ākāra

to let fall, throw down into (c. loc.); bring to fall, injure; fig. cast upon, charge with DN.i.91; MN.i.453 (ayokaṭāhe); Ja.iii.359; Snp-a.272; Pv-a.152 (bhūmiyaṃ). pp. *[nipātita](/define/nipātita …

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

Nivāta¹

adjective with the wind gone down, i.e. without wind, sheltered from the wind, protected, safe, secure Vin.i.57, Vin.i.72; MN.i.76; AN.i.137 (kūṭāgāra); AN.i.101 (id.); Iti.92 (rah …

boat, ship Vin.iii.49 (q.v. for definition & description) SN.i.106 (eka-rukkhikā); SN.i.iii.155 = SN.i.v.51 = AN.iv.127 (sāmuddikā “a liner”); AN.ii.200; AN.iii.368; Snp.321, Snp.770, Snp.771; Dhp. …

adjective low, inferior, humble (opp. ucca high, fr. adv. ud˚) Vin.i.46, Vin.i.47; Vin.ii.194; DN.i.109, DN.i.179 DN.i.194; AN.v.82; Snp-a.424 (nīcaṃ karoti to degrade); passim.

*\ …

adjective dark-blue, blue-black blue-green. Nīla serves as a general term to designate the “coloured-black,” as opposed to the “colouredwhite” (pīta yellow), which pairs (nīla-pīta) are both set …

…restrained (in this sense evidently confounded with avakkhipati) SN.iv.144 sq. (cakkhuṃ etc okkhāyati).

ava + khāyati, corresp. to Sk….

adjective gross, coarse, material, ample (see on term Dhs trsl. 208 & Cpd. 159 n. 4) DN.i.37, DN.i.186 sq (attā), DN.i.195, DN.i.197, DN.i.199; MN.i.48, MN.i.139, MN.i.247; MN.ii.230; MN.iii.16 MN …

see paṭilabhati. Paccavidhum & Paccavyadhim

Paccavidhuṃ & Paccavyādhiṃ

see paṭivijjhati.

Paccavidhuṃ & Paccavyādhiṃ

see paṭivijjhati.

adverb behind, aft, after, afterwards, back; westward DN.i.205; Snp.645 Snp.773, Snp.949; Mnd.33 (= pacchā vuccati anāgataṃ, pure vuccati atītaṃ); Cnd.395; Dhp.172, Dhp.314, Dhp.421; Pv.i.11#1 Pv.i.11 …

adjective noun ready to serve, subject to ministering; a servant SN.i.144 (T. baddhacara, variant reading paṭṭha˚; trsl. “pupil”); Ja.iv.35 (read paddhacarā ’smi tuyhaṃ for T. baddha carāmi t., as poi …

adjective noun

1. going, walking Ja.iii.95 (T. na p’ addhaguṃ, but C. reads paddhaguṃ)
2. humble, ready to serve, servant, attendant, slave SN.i.104 (so read for paccagu); Snp.1095 (T. for paṭṭhagu q …

(= padhūpāyati) to blow forth smoke or flames Vin.i.25 (aor. padhūpāsi); Vin.iv.109 (id.); Vism.400 (id.), (so read for padhūmāsi T., variant reading SS padhūpāyi & padhūmāyi)
pp *[padhūpita](/defin …

Padūseti & Padoseti

to defile, pollute, spoil make bad or corrupt [cp. BSk. pradūṣyati cittaṃ Divy.197, Divy.286] DN.i.20; MN.i.129; Iti.86; DN-a.i.211 (see padosa¹) T …

Padūseti & Padoseti

to defile, pollute, spoil make bad or corrupt [cp. BSk. pradūṣyati cittaṃ Divy.197, Divy.286] DN.i.20; MN.i.129; Iti.86; DN-a.i.211 (see padosa¹) T …

…(tulaṃ); Pv.ii.9#17 (bāhuṃ); Pv.iv.7#4 (uccaṃ p.) Vv-a.7 (añjaliṃ). Often in phrase bāhā paggayha kandati to wail or lament with…

an eyelash unsally as adj.: having eyelashes (-˚) DN.ii.18 (go˚) SN.i.132 (˚antarikāyaṃ between the lashes); Ja.v.216 (visāla˚ for alārapamha T.); Thag-a.255 (dīgha˚ for āyatapamha Thig.383); Vv-a. …

Pakkha¹

1. side of the body, flank wing, feathers (cp. pakkhin), in compounds -biḷāla a flying fox (sort of bat) Bdhgh on ulūka-camma at Vin.i.186 (MV. Vin.v.2, 4; cp. Vin. Texts ii.1 …

Pamajjati¹

1. to become intoxicated SN.i.73.
2. to be careless, slothful, negligent; to neglect waste one’s time SN.iv.125, SN.iv.133; Snp.676, Snp.925, Snp.933; cp Mnd.376 & Cnd.70; Dhp.16 …

eye-lash, usually in cpd. aḷāra˚; having thick eyelashes e.g. at Ja.v.215; Vv.35#7; Vv.64#11; Pv.iii.3#5; asāyata˚ at Thig.383.

the syncope form of pakhuma = Sk. pakṣman used in poetry and always …

Pamukha¹

adjective lit. “in front of the face,” fore-part, first, foremost, chief, prominent SN.i.234, SN.i.235; Snp.791 (variant reading BB and Mnd.92 for pamuñca); Ja.v.5, Ja.v.169. loc …

fallen, gone, gone down; also: creeping only in foll. compounds:

• -ga a snake Thag.429 (˚inda chief of snake-demons) Ja.v.166; Mil.23.
• -gandha with gone down (i.e. deterio …

to come or go (by) a road, roadway, path SN.i.18 (gen. pl. panthānaṃ kantāramagga C; “jungle road” trsl.); Snp.121 (loc panthasmiṃ); Cnd.485 B (+ patha in explⁿ of magga) Mil.157 (see pant …

1. a broken bit, splinter, small stone (?) (Rh. D. in Dial. iii.83 “outgrowth”) DN.iii.87 (bhūmi ˚ṃ paribhuñjati); Vism.418 (≈) Ne.227 (Com.) (˚ojaṃ khādāpento).
2. a water plant; see *[paṇṇaka](/de …

adjective “with flowers in front,” flower-tipped (of the arrows of Māra) Dhp.46 (but explained at Dhp-a.i.337 as “p.˚ sankhātāni tebhūmakāni vaṭṭāni,” i.e. existence in the 3 stages of being).

pa + pupphaka

1. attention, care (esp -), in compounds like gabbha˚; care of the foetus Dhp-a.i.4; dāraka˚; care of the infant Ja.ii.20; kumāra˚; looking after the prince Ja.i.148, Ja.ii.48; Dhp-a.i.346; * …

“doing round,” i.e. doing up, viz (1.) arrangement, getting up, preparation Vin.ii.106 (˚ṃ kārāpeti), Vin.ii.117 (geruka˚ plastering with red chalk), Vin.ii.151 (id.). parikammaṃ karoti to make (the …

to fall down, to fall off from (abl.) Vin.ii.152 sq.; Ja.v.417, Ja.v.420; Pv.iv.5#3 (bhūmiyaṃ) DN-a.i.132; Pv-a.37, Pv-a.47, Pv-a.55, Pv-a.62
caus paripāteti (q.v.)
■ …

throwing down Ja.vi.508 (bhūmiyā p.).

fr. pari + śumbh

…(conj. ˚iṭṭhuṃ?) Snp.289 (cp. Snp-a.316 which gives reading ˚eṭṭhuṃ as gloss);
ger ˚esitvā Snp-a.317, Snp-a.414 …

at Ja.vi.530 is doubtful; it is explained in C. together with saṃsādiyā (a certain kind of rice: sūkara-sāli), yet the C. seems to take it as “bhūmiyaṃ patita”; variant reading …

…with ref. to either arm (bāhuṃ, bāhaṃ, bāhā) SN.i.137 (opp. sammiñjeti); DN-a.i.196; Pv-a.112, Pv-a.121; or hand (hatthaṃ) Ja.v.41;…

to go in, to enter (acc.) Snp.668, Snp.673; Dhp-a.ii.72 (opp. nikkhamati); Pv-a.4, Pv-a.12, Pv-a.47 (nagaraṃ). Pot. -vise Snp.387 imper. pavisa MN.i.383; SN.i.213 fut. pavisissati Vin.i.87; …

adjective noun masculine

Cases:
■ gen. dat. pañcannaṃ,
■ instr. abl pañcahi,
■ loc. pañcasu;
■ often used in compositional form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; G …

adjective fivefold, consisting of five Ja.i.116 (˚kammaṭṭhāna); Dhs. chapters 167–⁠175 (˚naya fivefold system of jhāna, cp. Dhs. translation 52); Snp-a.318 (˚nipāta of Anguttara)
■ nt. pañcakaṃ …

intelligence, comprising all the higher faculties of cognition, “intellect as conversant with general truths” (Dial. ii.68), reason wisdom, insight, knowledge, recognition. See on term Mrs. Rh. D. * …

adjective consisting of a footfall, humbling or humble, devotional Snp-a.157.

fr. paṇipāta

the earth. Acc to Cnd.389 syn. with jagati. It figures as the first element in enumⁿ of the 4 elements (see dhātu 1), viz p., āpo, tejo, vāyo (earth, water, fire, wind or …

Paṭicca-samuppāda

“arising on the grounds of (a preceding cause)” happening by way of cause working of cause & effect, causal chain of causation causal genesis, dependent origination, theory of the …

…also 3rd pl. paccavidhuṃ AN.iv.228
pp paṭividdha (q.v.). On phrase uttariṃ appaṭivijjhanto See…

dead, departed, the departed spirit. The Buddhistic peta represents the Vedic pitaraḥ (manes, cp. pitṛyajña), as well as the Brāhmaṇic preta. The first are souls of the “fathers, …

Phuṭa¹

1. (cp. pharati¹) pervaded, permeated, thrilled (cp. pari˚) DN.i.73, DN.i.74 (pītisukhena T. prints phuta; variant reading phuṭa; variant reading at DN-a.i.217 p(h)uṭṭha) …

adjective one who has bile or a bilious humoui, bilious Mil.298 (+ semhika).

fr. pitta

Porisa¹

adjective noun

1. (adj.) human, fit for a man Snp.256 (porisa dhura), cp. porisiya & poroseyya.
2. (m.) = purisa esp. in sense of purisa 2, i.e. servant, used collectively (abstra …

, only in neg. a˚ inhuman or superhuman state, or: not served by any men (or servants) Vv-a.275. The reading is uncertain.

abstr. fr. porisa

adjective

1. of human nature, human Ja.iv.213.
2. Of the height of man Vin.ii.138.

fr. purisa, cp. porisa & poroseyya

…Vin.i.93; Snp.510; puṭṭhuṃ Snp.1096, Snp.1110 pucchitāye Ja.v.137.
grd pucchavho Snp.1030;
pass pucchiyati Dhp-a.i.10
…

man (as representative of the male sex, contrasted to itthi woman, e.g. at AN.iii.209; AN.iv.197; Ja.i.90; Ja.v.72; Pv-a.51). Definitions of the C. are “puriso nāma manussa-puriso …

…nt. adv. puthu & puthuṃ greatly, much, in many ways Snp.580 (= aneka-ppakāraṃ Snp-a.460); Vv.62#4 (= mahantaṃ Vv-a.258).

*…

adjective striking, surprising, extraordinary, special; nt. wonder, miracle. Usually in stock phrase iddhi˚, ādesanā˚, anusāsanī˚ as the 3 marvels which characterise a Buddha with regard to his teachi …

adjective putrid, stinking, rotten, fetid DN.ii.353 (khaṇḍāni pūtīni); MN.i.73, MN.i.89 = MN.iii.92 (aṭṭhikāni pūtīni); Vin.iii.236 (anto˚); SN.iii.54; Pv.i.3#2; Pv.i.6#1 (= kuṇapagandha Pv-a.32); Vi …

(rajas) & Raja neuter

1. Forms.
   ■ Both rajo & rajaṃ occur as noun & acc. sg., e.g. rajo at DN.ii.19; Snp.207, Snp.334; Dhs.617; rajaṃ at Snp.275; Iti.83; once (in verse) *[rajo](/define/rajo …

Rasa¹

that which is connected with the sense of taste. The defⁿ given at Vism.447 is as follows “jivhā-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇo raso, jivhā-viññāṇassa visaya-bhāvo raso, tass’ ev …

night DN.i.47 (dosinā). gen. sg. ratyā (for *rattiyā) Thag.517; Snp.710 (vivasane = ratti-samatikkame Snp-a.496); Ja.vi.491. abl. sg. rattiyā in phrases abhikkantāya r. at the waning of night D …

1. dust; pl. reṇū particles of dust
   ■ Vin.i.32 (˚hatā bhūmi); Vism.338 = Mnd.505 = Ja.i.117 (rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati); Ja.iv.362 (okiṇṇā raja-reṇūhi; C. explains by “paṃsūhi”); Mil.274 …

illness, disease
■ The defⁿ of roga at Ja.ii.437 is “roga rujana-sabhāvattaṃ.” There are many diff enumerations of rogas and sets of standard combinations, of which the foll. may be ment …

…(explained by Mnd.498 as “khuṃsita, vambhita ghaṭṭita” etc.). See rosa, roseti etc.

pp. of ruṣ to be vexed. The Dhtp defines by…

Name of an Asura: see under Proper Names
■ rāhumukha “mouth of Rāhu,” designation of a certain punishment for criminals (MN.i.87; MN.iii.164 Mnd.154 (in list of tortures) = Cn …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

adj. nt. pleasant agreeable, lovely AN.i.35, AN.i.37; Dhp.98 (= ramaṇīya Dhp-a.iii.195); nt. delightfulness, lovely scenery MN.i.365 (four seen in a dream: ārāma˚, vana˚, bhūmi pokkharaṇī˚).

orig. g …

…(sabbaṃ ādittaṃ cakkhuṃ ādittaṃ, rūpa ādittā etc. with sequence of other āyatanas); DN.ii.308 sq., DN.ii.336 sq.; MN.iii.18 (yaṃ…

adjective whole, entire all, every DN.i.4; SN.iv.15; Vin.i.5; Iti.3; Cnd. s.v., nom pl. sabbe Snp.66; gen. pl. sabbesaṃ Snp.1030
■ nt sabbaṃ the (whole) world of sense-experience SN.iv.15 cp. …

…Ja.vi.205
inf saṭṭhuṃ (q.v.); pp. saṭṭha (see…

…(various reading, sambuddhuṃ = to know); Ja.v.77 (sam & a˚, taken by C. as ppr. “jānanto” & “ajānanto”) susambuddha easily…

…Dhs-a.218;
inf sambuddhuṃ Snp.765 (variant reading sambuddhaṃ); Caus. sambodheti to teach, instruct Ja.i.142 Cp….

adjective near, close (to) Snp-a.43 (bhumma-vacana), Snp-a.174, Snp-a.437; Kp-a.111; Pv-a.47 (dvāra˚ magga) (nt.) proximity DN.i.118. Cases adverbially: acc. -aṃ near to Pv-a.107; loc. *-- …

1. accumulation; the human body Dhp.148.
2. doubt Mil.295.

saṃ + deha

1. union, coincidence SN.iv.68 sq.; Mil.60, Mil.123 sq.; Ne.28.
2. assemblage assembly, congregation DN.ii.5; Mil.7.
3. union of the humours of the body Mil.303.
4. collocation Dhp.352.

fr. sannipatati

adjective resulting from the union of the humours of the body AN.ii.87; AN.v.110; SN.iv.230; Mil.135, Mil.137, Mil.302, Mil.304.

fr. last

Sata¹

(num. card.) a hundred, used as nt (collect.), either-˚ or as apposition, viz. gāma-sataṃ a hundred (ship of) villages Dhp-a.i.180; jaṭila-satāni 100 ascetics Vin.i.24; jāti˚ DN. …

Satta¹

hanging, clinging or attached to Vin.i.185; DN.ii.246; Mnd.23, Mnd.24; Dhp.342; Ja.i.376 Cp. āsatta¹ & byāsatta.

pp. of sañj: sajjati

Satta²

1. (m.) a li …

Saṃyata & saññata

lit. drawn together; fig. restrained, self-controlled DN.ii.88; SN.i.79; Snp.88 Snp.156, Snp.716; Ja.i.188; Vv.34#11; Mil.213.

• -atta having one’s self restrai …

Saṃyata & saññata

lit. drawn together; fig. restrained, self-controlled DN.ii.88; SN.i.79; Snp.88 Snp.156, Snp.716; Ja.i.188; Vv.34#11; Mil.213.

• -atta having one’s self restrai …

1. abridgment, abstract, condensed account (opp. vitthāra), e.g. Vism.532, Vism.479; Dhp.i.125 Kp-a.183; Dhs-a.344; Snp-a.150, Snp-a.160, Snp-a.314; Vb-a.47 Cp. ati˚.
2. …

…form with *sāḍhuṃ as original. Evidently he derives it fr. sah (Epic Sk. soḍhuṃ!), as he trsl^s it as “to…

adjective a man of phlegmatic humour Mil.298.

fr. semha

point, edge MN.i.104; crest, topknot DN-a.i.89; Ja.v.406; of a flame Dhp.308; Dhs-a.124 of fire (aggi˚) Snp.703; Ja.v.213; (dhūma˚) Ja.vi.206; of a ray of light Ja.i.88; in the corn trade, the pyram …

fineness, minuteness AN.ii.17; Thag.437. At AN.ii.18 with double suffix ˚tā.

abstr. fr. sukhuma

adjective gentle, kind, humble, self-restrained MN.i.125; SN.i.65 SN.iv.305 (text, sūrata); AN.ii.43; AN.iii.349, AN.iii.393 sq.; Snp.309 Snp.515, Snp.540; Ja.iv.303; Dhp-a.i.56.

= su + rata, with …

Su¹

indeclinable a part. of exclamation “shoo!”; usually repeated su su Ja.ii.250; Ja.vi.165 (of the hissing of a snake); Thag-a.110 (scaring somebody away), Thag-a.305 (sound of puffi …

adjective noun agreeable, pleasant, blest Vin.i.3; Dhp.118, Dhp.194, Dhp.331; Snp.383; paṭipadā, pleasant path, easy progress AN.ii.149 sq.; Dhs.178; kaṇṇa-s. pleasant to the ear DN.i.4; happy, pleas …

adjective subtle, minute Vin.i.14; DN.i.182; SN.iv.202; AN.ii.171; Dhs.676; Thig.266; Dhp.125 = Snp.662; Vism.274, Vism.488 (˚rūpā). fine, exquisite DN.ii.17, DN.ii.188; Mil.313; susukhuma, very subtl …

Err:509

fineness, delicacy DN.ii.17 sq.

abstr. fr. sukhuma

adjective tender, delicate, refined, delicately nurtured AN.i.145; AN.ii.86 sq.; AN.iii.130; Vin.i.15, Vin.i.179; Vin.ii.180; beautifully young, graceful Ja.i.397; Snp.298; samaṇa-˚ a soft, graceful …

delicate constitution Ja.v.295; Dhp-a.iii.283 (ati˚).

abstr. fr. sukhumāla

of good colour, good, favoured, beautiful DN.i.82; Dhs.223; Iti.99; AN.iv.255; Pp.60; Ja.i.226; suvaṇṇa (nt.) gold SN.iv.325 sq.; Snp.48, Snp.686 Cnd.687 (= jātarūpa); Kp-a.240; Vv-a.104; often toge …

1. essential, most excellent, strong AN.ii.110; Vin.iv.214; Ja.iii.368; Pp.53.
2. (m.) the innermost, hardest part of anything, the heart or pith of a tree (see also pheggu) MN.i.1 …

Sīsa¹

neuter lead DN.ii.351; SN.v.92; Mil.331; Vb-a.63 (= kāḷa-tipu); a leaden coin Ja.i.7; --kāra a worker in lead Mil.331; --maya leaden Vin.i.190.

cp. Sk. sīsa

Sīsa^{2</s …}

1. flat surface (w. ref. to either top or bottom: cp. Ger. boden), level, ground, base Ja.i.60 Ja.i.62 (pāsāda˚ flat roof); Ja.iii.60 (id.); paṭhavī˚ (level ground) Ja.ii.111, cp. bhūmi˚ Pv-a.176; ād …

Te˚

secondary base of numeral three (fr. ti) in compound: having a relation to a triad of, three-; in numerical compounds also = three (see under tayo).

• *-[kaṭula](/define/kaṭu …

strewing, spreading. In compounds like assa˚, bhumma˚, ratha˚, hattha˚, etc. the reading ass-attharaṇa, etc. should be preferred (= ā stṛ;). See attharaṇa and compounds

Sk. staraṇa to stṛ.

bare, esp. hard, stony ground Pv.iv.7#5 (= kharakaṭhāna bhūmippadesa Pv-a.265).

• -sāyikā (f.) the act of lying on the bare ground (as a penance) [BSk. sthaṇḍila-śāyikā] SN.iv.118; Dhp.141

(= D …

…Ja.iii.493; Ja.vi.529 (= madhuṃ paggharantiyo madhutthevasadisā p. 530 “dropping honey.”

cp. Sk. styāyate to congeal, form a (solid) mass;…

Ti

adverb the apostrophe form of iti, thus. See iti.

cp. Sk. iti

Ti˚

base of numeral three in compound; consisting of three, threefold; in numerical compounds also three (3 times).

*-[kaṭuka](/d …

tumult, uproar, commotion Ja.vi.247 (by Com. explained as “andhakāra,” darkness); Dpvs.xvii.100.

Sk. tumala; to *teu, Lat. tumeo, tumulus, tumultus, etc. E. thumb (swelling), cp. tunga tūla

…such a degree, even; tāvabahuṃ suvaṇṇaṃ so much gold Vin.i.209; t
■ mahanto so much Ja.i.207; t. madhuraphala with such sweet fruit…

adjective swollen, bloated, risen (of flour) AN.i.140; Snp.200 (of a corpse); Snp-a.100 sq., Snp-a.171; DN-a.i.114. Cp. next.

pp. of uddhumāyati

adjective swollen, bloated, puffed up MN.i.88 (of a corpse; + vinīlaka); Vism.178, Vism.193 (id.) Ja.i.164 (udaraṃ ˚ṃ katvā), Ja.i.420 (˚nimitta appearance of being blown up); Mil.332; Dhp-a.i.307. …

swollen condition Vism.178.

abstr. fr. uddhumāta

puffing, blowing or swelling up Ja.iv.37.

fr. uddhumāyati

to be blown up, to swell up, rise; aor. ˚āyi Ja.iii.26; Vv-a.76; ger. ˚ājitvā Ja.ii.18; Dhp-a.i.126
pp uddhumāta & ˚āyita; (q.v.).

ud + dhmā, see dhamati & remarks on uddhacca

adjective like blowing or swelling up, of blown-up appearance MN.i.142 sq.

cp. uddhumāyita

swollen, bloated, puffed up Vv-a.218.

pp. of uddhumāyati

hard, barren soil; a very sandy and deserted place DN.ii.146 (˚nagaraka, trsl. “town in the midst of a jungle”, cp. Dial. ii.161); Ja.i.391; Vv.85#5 (= ukkaṃsena jangala i.e. exceedingly dusty or sa …

…(pattaṃ), Vin.ii.269 (bhikkhuṃ) mostly in phrase nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyya “(like) one might raise up one who has fallen” DN.i.85, DN.i.110;…

special manner of squatting. The soles of the feet are firmly on the ground, the man sinks down, the heels slightly rising as he does so, until the thighs rest on the calves, and the hams are about si …

dung, excrement Ja.iv.485, otherwise only in cpd. ukkāra-bhūmi dung-hill Ja.i.5, Ja.i.146 (so read for ukkar˚), Ja.ii.40; Ja.iii.16, Ja.iii.75, Ja.iii.377; Ja.iv.72, Ja.iv.305, Vism.196 (˚ûpama ku …

Ummi & Ummī

(f.) a wave Thag.681; Mil.346.

for the usual ūmi, cp. similar double forms of bhummi → bhūmi

Ummi & Ummī

(f.) a wave Thag.681; Mil.346.

for the usual ūmi, cp. similar double forms of bhummi → bhūmi

to throw at MN.i.364 (vv.ll. ˚chumbh˚, ˚cubh˚).

upa + chubhati from kṣubh or chubh, see chuddha, khobha, nicchubhati, nicchodeti

(-˚) resounding, filled with the hum or song of (birds) Ja.iv.359; Pv-a.154.

pp. of upakūjati

talking over or down, persuasion; diplomacy, humbug DN.ii.76; Mil.115, Mil.117.

fr. upa + lap

…MN.i.436 (cittaṃ), MN.i.468 (cittaṃ tathattāya); SN.v.213 sq. (id.) Dhs-a.309 (cakkhuṃ). 3. to take hold of, take care of, provide,…

connection, combination; employment, application Ja.vi.432 (nagare upayogaṃ netvā for use in the town? variant reading upabhogaṃ). Usually in cpd -vacana as tt. g. meaning either combined or conden …

to come out, to arise, to be produced, to be born or reborn, to come into existence DN.i.180; Snp.584; Pv.ii.1#11 (= nibbattati Pv-a.71); Pv-a.8 (nibbattati +), Pv-a.9, Pv-a.20, Pv-a.129 (= pātu …

…Cp.i.10#10, pl. upāgañchuṃ Snp.1126; or upāgami Snp.426, Snp.685, pl. upāgamuṃ Snp.302, Snp.1126. Besides in pres. imper. upāgaccha…

this word is beset with difficulties, the phrase satt-ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings, evidently the result of an original application & meaning having become obliterated satt˚ is taken as …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

adjective transcending, superior, superhuman Ne.50.

fr. uttara

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

park, pleasure grove, a (royal) garden Ja.i.120, Ja.i.149; Ja.ii.104; Ja.iv.213 Ja.v.95; Ja.vi.333; Pv-a.6, Pv-a.74, Pv-a.76; Vv-a.7; Sdhp.7.

• -kīḷā amusement in the park, spo …

…vamhanā at Ja.i.454 (vamhana-vacana) & at Dhs-a.396 (khuṃsana˚).

abstr. fr. vambheti

…either combined with khuṃseti or opposed to ukkaṃseti, e.g. Vin.ii.18; Vin.iv.4; MN.i.200 (= Snp.132…

…either combined with khuṃseti or opposed to ukkaṃseti, e.g. Vin.ii.18; Vin.iv.4; MN.i.200 (= Snp.132…

…Mhvs.3 Mhvs.12;
inf. vatthuṃ Thig.414, & vasituṃ Pv-a.12, Pv-a.112. fut vasissati [= Sk. vasiṣyati] Mhvs.14,…

Vata¹

indeclinable part of exclamation: surely, certainly, indeed, alas! Vin.iii.39 (puris’ usabho vat’ âyaṃ “for sure he is a human bull”) Thig.316 (abbhutaṃ vata vācaṃ bhāsasi); Snp.178, …

…item Vin.i.121 (antima-vatthuṃ ajjhāpannaka guilty of an extreme offence?); Vin.v.138 (the 10 āghāta-vatthūni, as at Vb.86); DN.iii.252…

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

is given at Abhp.663 in meaning of “sand.” Occurs only in cpd. vaṇṇupatha a sandy place, quicksand, swamp Ja.i.109; Vv.84#3 (= vālu-kantāra Vv-a.334); Pv.iv.3#2 (= petena nim …

Vaṭṭa¹

adjective noun

1. round circular; (nt.) circle Pv-a.185 (āyata +); Kp-a.50 (˚nāli). See cpd. -aṅguli.
2. (fig.) “rolling on,” the “round” of existences, cycle of transmigrati …

rained, in nava˚; newly rained upon Dhp-a.i.19 (bhūmi).

pp. of vassati, for the usual vuṭṭha

indeclinable

I.

1. inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat. dis- & Ger ver-. Often as base-prefix in var mean …

(& vidhuma) adjective “without smoke,” i.e. passionless, quiet, emancipated SN.i.141 (K.S.: “no fume of vice is his”); Snp.460 (= kodhadhūma-vigamena v. Snp-a.405), Snp.1048 (cp. Cnd.576 with long …

1. destruction, killing, slaughter Pv-a.150 (vighātaṃ āpajjati = vihaññati)
   ■ as adj slain, beaten Pv.iv.5#3 (= vighātavā vihata-bala).
2. distress, annoyance, upset of mind, trouble, vexation …

one of the dogmatic terms of Buddhist teaching varying in meaning in diff. sections of the Canon. It is not always the positive to avijjā (which has quite a well-defined meaning f …

1. to scrape, scratch SN.i.124 (bhūmiṃ); SN.iv.198; Dhs-a.260 (fig. manaṃ v. ; in explⁿ of vilekha).
2. to scratch open Vin.ii.175

pp *[vilikhita](/define/vilikhita …

…Mhvs.14, Mhvs.58: Petavatthuṃ Vimānañ ca sacca-saṃyuttaṃ eva ca desesi thero…

2. The descriptions of the Vimānas are in the most…

adjective of a bluish-black (purple) colour, discoloured Ja.ii.39 (of a cygnet, bastard of a swan & a crow, “resembling neither father nor mother, i.e. “black & white”). Usually applied to the colour …

…vītamalaṃ dhamma-cakkhuṃ udapādi* “there arose in him the stainless eye of the Arahant,” e.g. Vin.i.16; SN.iv.47- virajaṃ (+…

adjective wide, broad, extensive Snp.38; Ja.v.49, Ja.v.215 (˚pakhuma); Mil.102, Mil.311.

• -akkhī (f.) having large eyes Ja.v.40; Vv.37#1 (+ vipulalocanā; or a petī).

cp. Sk. viśāla

wind. There exists a common distinction of winds into 2 groups: “internal and “external” winds, or the ajjhattikā vāyo-dhātu (wind category), and the bāhirā. They are discussed at Vb.84, quoted a …

adjective connected with the winds (humours) of the body having bad circulation, suffering from internal trouble rheumatic (?) Mil.135, Mil.298.

fr. vāta 2, cp. *Sk. vātakin Halāyudha ii.451

Vīta¹

adjective deprived of, free from, (being) without. In meaning and use cp. vigata˚. Very frequent as first part of a cpd., as e.g. the foll.:

• -accika without a flame, i.e. glo …

…Mil.220; yiṭṭhuṃ DN.i.138 (yiṭṭhu-kāma wishing to sacrifice), and yaṭṭhuṃ in -kāma DN.ii.244; Snp.461
ger…

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

lit. “yoking, or being yoked,” i.e. connection bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device

1. yoke, yoking (rare?) Ja.vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp. Ja.vi.209).
2. conn …

1. going, proceeding Ja.vi.415 (+ ayāna, opposed to ṭhāna).
2. means of motion, carriage, vehicle. Different kinds of carriages are enumerated at Mnd.145 (on Snp.816) with hatthi˚; (elephant-), *g …

to go, go on to proceed, to go away
pres 1^st yāmi Pv.ii.8#8 (= gacchāmi Pv-a.107), Mhvs.10, Mhvs.3; 2^nd yāsi Ja.i.291 Mhvs.10, Mhvs.2 (kuhiṃ yāsi?); 3^rd *[yāti] …

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …

adjective as much as, as many as, as far as, whatever; usually in correl with tāvataka e.g. Vin.i.83 (yāvataka… t.); DN.ii.18 (y. kāyo t. vyāmo); Cnd.235#3 (y ˚ṃ ñeyyaṃ t ˚ṃ ñāṇa …

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

…Ja.iii.401; Ja.v.462 (vatthuṃ āharitvā dassesi told a story for example); Snp-a.376; Pv-a.38, Pv-a.39 (atītaṃ), Pv-a.42, Pv-a.66,…

feeding, support, food, nutriment (lit & fig.). The term is used comprehensively and the usual enum^n. comprises four kinds of nutriment, viz.

1. kabaḷinkāra āhāro (bodily nutriment, either …

drinking; drinking party, banquet; banqueting-hall, drinking-hall Ja.i.52 (˚maṇḍala); Ja.v.292 (˚bhūmi); Vism.399 (id.); Dhp-a.i.213 (id., rañño).

fr. ā + pā

by means of hammering, slashing or beating (like beating a hide) Snp.673 (gloss ārajayārajayā fr. ā + *rañj or *raj)
■ Snp-a.481 explains the passage as follows: ārajayārajayā; i.e. yathā ma …

primary meaning “foundation”, from this applied in the foll. senses:

1. support, help, footing, expedient, anything to be depended upon as a means of achieving what is desired, i.e. basis of operatio …

Ārā¹

feminine an awl; see cp āragga. Perhaps a der. of ārā is āḷakā (q.v.).

Sk. ārâ; *ēl “pointed”, as in Ohg. āla = Ger. ahle, Ags. āēl = E awl; Oicel. alr

Ārā<su …

indeclinable

1. sitting on, going to, approaching; allocated, belonging to; sometimes merely as prep. acc “near” (cp. āsanna) Snp.418 (āsajja naṃ upāvisi he came up near to him), Snp.448 (kāko va sel …

1. (adj.) outstretched, extended, long, in length (with numeral) DN.iii.73 (ñātikkhaya, prolonged or heavy?); MN.i.178 (dīghato ā˚; tiriyañ ca vitthata); Ja.i.77, Ja.i.273 (tettiṃs’-angul’āyato khagg …

adjective thick, massed, dense or crooked, arched (?), only in cpd. -pamha with thick eyelashes Vv.64#11 (= gopakhuma Vv-a.279) Pv.iii.3#5 (= vellita-dīgha-nīla-pamukha). Cp. alāra. Alarika & …

…manussā tīhi ṭhānehi bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti: kāyena vācāya manasā (in 3 ways, qualities or properties AN.i.51 sq.; cp. AN.ii.119 sq….