the act of making, doing, effecting; enacting.

action; proper action; special action, task, feat.

kāraṇā¹

abl. because of; for the sake of (+gen. or ifc)

kāraṇā²

feminine torture, pain; punishment.

…takes the place of ˚karaṇa, and Ja.iii.314, where it is represented by massu-kutti (C.: massukiriya). Cp. also DN-a.i.137 a˚ Negative…

…“killing.” Often spelt karaṇa q.v.; the spelling kāraṇā (as f.) at Mil.185 seems to be a later spelling for…

A banyan tree in Uruvelā, on the banks of the Nerañjara, near the Bodhi tree. A week after the Enlightenment the Buddha went there and spent a week cross-legged at the foot of the tree. There he met …

A brahmin of Vesāli. The Aṅguttara Nikāya records a conversation between him and Kāraṇapālī. The latter meets Piṅgiyānī and, on learning that he was returning from a visit to the Buddha, asks him abou …

A city, capital of the Licchavis. It is not possible to know how many visits were paid by the Buddha to Vesāli, but the books would lead us to infer that they were several. Various Vinaya rules are me …

One of the nine aṅgas, into which the Dhamma was organized by way of literary style. It means “Answer” or “Explanation” and refers to discourses elaborated by way of question and answer.

(or ~ā f.) continuous training

the settling of a case or dispute

1. subject of discussion or attention; case, legal question; dispute (in the saṅgha, to be formally dealt with).
2. cause.

one who causes disputes or lawsuits

(a method) of settling a case or dispute

the not doing, not making; abstention

absence of a cause or (a valid) reason; not a cause; not the case

giving sight; awakening

blinding; confusing

gradual training.

legal question or case concerning support, or concerning a faction, or a legal question or case arising from censure or criticism

(the place for) dealing with lawsuits; seat of judgment, courtroom

(the place for) dealing with lawsuits; seats of judgment, courtroom

(~ī)n. producing sight or insight.

threshing floor.

( ~ā, ī)n., n

1. (mfn.) weakening.
2. (n.f.) the weakening (of)

(the art of) causing or aiding conception.

inducing respect.

of excellent speech, having a fine speaking voice

torture, torment, pain; punishment

torture, torment, pain; punishment

…must be done; job, task. 2. (n.) see kiccādhikaraṇa

legal case or matter to be dealt with involving or connected with a formal act (of the saṅgha)

for what reason? why?

for what reason? why?

on account of desire, in consequence of desire

(from kāranā2) a torturer; an executioner.

or mfn. of naṅgala (a place) where there has been plowing (?)

legal question or case which has been settled.

without motive; disinterested

difference; distinction; separation.

producing a support, making for protection.

“a covering of grass”, one of the seven adhikaraṇasamatha (method of setting a case or dispute)

useful object; means, instrument, implement; requisite.

(~ī)n. producing knowledge or understanding.

light-giving, illuminitating

the feat of immovability (or a trained elephant)

the feat of immovability (or a trained elephant)

legal case or dispute concerning an offense

as a consequence of guarding or holding fast

Abhibhāyatana: the 8 ‘stages of mastery’, are powers to be obtained by means of the kasina-exercises see: kasina. In the Com. to M. 77, where āyatana is explained by ‘means’ kārana it is sa …

[[answering questions]]Answering questions: 4 ways of: see: pañhā-byākarana

Bhavanga-sota: and Bhavanga-citta: The first term may tentatively be rendered as the ‘undercurrent forming the condition of being, or existence’, and the second as ‘subconsciousness’, though …

Pañhā-byākarana: ‘answering questions’.;There are, o Bhikkhus, 4 ways of answering questions: there are questions requiring a direct answer; questions requiring an explanation; questions to be an …

…The answer is “thieves”, so we can scarcely take it in meaning of 2 or 3. The C. has vināsa-karaṇaṃ.

etym. unknown, orig. meaning…

strenuousness, exertion, strong endeavour Ja.vi.373 (viriyakaraṇa C.).

abhi + jīhanā of jeh to open ones mouth

adverb repeatedly, continuous, often MN.i.442 (˚āpattika a habitual offender), MN.i.446 (˚kāraṇa continuous practice); Snp.335 (˚saṃvāsa continuous living together); Ja.i.190; Pp.32; Dhp-a.ii.239; Vv …

Adhicca¹

learning, studying, learning by heart Ja.iii.218, Ja.iii.327 = Ja.iv.301; Ja.iv.184 (vede = adhīyitvā C.), Ja.iv.477 (sajjhāyitvā C.); Ja.vi.213; Mil.164.

ger. of adhi + eti, se …

…on the r. s.). Kimâdhikaraṇaṃ why, on account of what Ja.iv.4 (= kiṃkāraṇaṃ) yatvâdhikaraṇaṃ (yato adhi˚) by reason of what,…

one who has to do with the settling of disputes or questions, a judge AN.v.164, AN.v.167.

fr. adhikaraṇa

smith’s anvil Ja.iii.285; Dāvs iii.16 sq.; Dhs-a.263.

to adhikaraṇa 1, orig. meaning “serving, that which serves, i.e. instrument”

Adhipāta¹

splitting, breaking, only in phrase muddhā˚; head-splitting Snp.988 sq., Snp.1004, Snp.1025 (variant reading Nd ii.˚vipāta).

adhipāteti

Adhipāta²

a moth Snp.964. …

doing up, fitting out, ornamentation Ja.i.60.

alaṃ + karaṇa, fr. alankaroti

adjective adorning, embellishing, decorating Dhp-a.i.410.

fr. alankaraṇa

…abhāvena Vv-a.337).

• -karaṇa blinding, making blind, causing bewilderment (fig.), confusing Iti.82 (+ acakkhukaraṇa)…

adjective Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between” as adj. “inner”; in prep. use & in compounds “inside, in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides …

adjective following in one’s turn, successive, gradual, by and by, regular Vin.ii.237 (mahāsamuddo a˚-ninno etc.); DN.i.184; Snp.511; Ja.v.155 (regularly formed, of ūrū). Cases adverbially: *[anupubb …

disputing, quarrelling(?) Vin.ii.88 (under anuvādâdhikaraṇa).

anu + saṃ + pavankatā; is reading correct?

…MN.i.368.

• -adhikaraṇa a question or case of censure Vin.ii.88 sq.; Vin.iii.164 (one of the 4…

…Ja.vi.88; Mil.180, Mil.234 (˚ṃ karoti), Mil.377 (pūjana +); Snp-a.332 (˚karaṇa). Cp. apacāyana.

Vedic apaciti in diff. meaning, viz….

…Dhs.1059, Dhs.1136 (= ālayakaraṇa-vasena apekkhatī ti apekkhā Dhs-a.365, cp. Dhs trsl. 279). Freq. as adj. (-˚or in comb^n.…

…Dhs.1059, Dhs.1136 (= ālayakaraṇa-vasena apekkhatī ti apekkhā Dhs-a.365, cp. Dhs trsl. 279). Freq. as adj. (-˚or in comb^n.…

Asabbhin = asabbha

Ja.i.494, more freq. in compounds as asabbhi˚; e.g.

• -kāraṇa a low or sinful act Mil.280.
• -rūpa low, common Ja.vi.386 (= asādhu-jātik …

Asabbhin = asabbha

Ja.i.494, more freq. in compounds as asabbhi˚; e.g.

• -kāraṇa a low or sinful act Mil.280.
• -rūpa low, common Ja.vi.386 (= asādhu-jātik …

…Vin.iii.149 Mil.321

• -karaṇa the business of trying a case, holding court, giving judgment (variant reading aṭṭa˚) DN.ii.20 SN.i.74…

…pahūta vittūpakaraṇa etc.). Thus at DN.i.115, DN.i.134, DN.i.137; DN.iii.163 Pp.52; Dhp-a.i.3; Vv-a.322; Pv-a.3, Pv-a.78 etc….

Aṅka¹

= anga, sign, mark, brand Mil.79; -karana branding Ja.iv.366, Ja.iv.375. See also anketi.

Aṅka²

1. a hook Ja.v.322 Ja.vi.218 (variant reading BB anga)
2. the lap (i.e. …

…Dhs-a.406 (= punappuna-karaṇa); -karoti to take up seriously, to practise, devote oneself to (acc.) MN.i.454; AN.i.275; AN.iii.79;…

…e.g. dubbalīkaraṇa making weak MN.iii.4; Pp.59, Pp.68; -karaṇin id. DN.iii.183
■ adj. bala strong…

…Snp-a.138; Mhbv.28

• -karaṇa oblation, offering of food Pv-a.81; Vv-a.8 (˚pīṭha, reading doubtful, variant…

…Iti.90; DN-a.i.96 (˚karaṇa)
■ bhaga (in verse “bhagehi ca vibhattavā” in exegesis of word “Bhagava”) at…

…Ja.iii.99; Vism.26 (˚karaṇa); Snp-a.412. Der. bhākuṭika (q.v.). See also…

…̈ωξος sand; Lat. sabulum sand. The Dhtp.326 & Dhtm.452 explain; bhas by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes,” a pp. of it is bhasita; it…

…̈ωξος sand; Lat. sabulum sand. The Dhtp.326 & Dhtm.452 explain; bhas by bhasmīkaraṇa “reduce to ashes,” a pp. of it is bhasita; it…

…to ashes, cp. bhasmī-karaṇa s. v. bhasma, etc.

II. Meanings.

In general the meaning “to become, to get” prevails, but many…

…& cp. Sk. bukkati,…

…Ja.vi.354 (C.: bhun-karaṇa). See also bhussati.

fr. onomat. root *bhukk, dialectical, cp. Prk. bhukkai to bark,…

taking food, act of eating, feasting Ja.iv.371 (˚kāraṇa); Pv-a.184.

• -kāla meal-time Dhp-a.i.346.

fr. bhuñjati¹

…barking Ja.vi.355 (˚sunakha) variant reading bhu-bhukka-sadda-karaṇa.

bhu + kṛ; see bhukka

…bhākuṭi [read bhakuṭi]-karaṇaṃ mukha-saṅkoco ti vuttaṃ hoti.“ It occurs in stock phrase bhākuṭikā bhākuṭiyaṃ kuhanā…

…Vb.199, Vb.325; Vism.130 (karaṇa, bhāvanā, rakkhaṇa; here bh. = bringing out, keeping in existence), Vism.314 (karuṇā˚), Vism.317…

Brāhmaṇa¹

a member of the Brahman caste; a Br teacher. In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure, sinless & ascetic life, often even syn. with arahant
■ On brāhmaṇas …

…-karaṇa (always in combination w. ñāṇa-karaṇa) producing (right) insight (and knowledge) Iti.82 (of…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

…is defined at Dhtp.382, Dhtp.406 as “dvedhākaraṇa”

…of mind Cnd.576 (˚karaṇa) -ujjukatā rectitude of mind Dhs.51, Dhs.277, etc.; -uppāda the rise of a thought,…

Dasa¹

the number ten; gen dasannaṃ (Dhp.137); instr. dasahi (Kp iii.) & dasabhi (Vin.i.38). In compounds (-˚) also as ḷasa (soḷasa 16) rasa (terasa 13; pannar˚ 15; aṭṭhār˚ 18).

I. *M …

…Ja.iv.219 daḷhīkaraṇa steadiness, perseverance Snp-a.290 (+ ādhāraṇatā), Snp-a.398 (id). In compounds also daḷhi˚ viz….

…of the Dh. Mil.21

• -ādhikaraṇa a point in the Dh. SN.iv.63 = SN.v.346;
• -ādhipa Lord of righteousness (+ anudhamma-cārin) AN.i.150…

unruliness indocility, bad conduct, fractiousness SN.ii.204 sq (˚karaṇā dhammā); MN.i.95 (id. specified); AN.ii.147 AN.iii.178; Ne.40, Ne.127.

contamination of Sk. *daurvacasya evil speech & *daurv …

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

…cp. AN.iii.41

• -upakaraṇa means or materials for a gift Pv-a.105
• -upapatti (read uppatti at DN.iii.258) an object suitable for…

adjective strong, firm, severe harsh, cruel, pitiless SN.i.101; SN.ii.226; Snp.244; Dhp.139; Ja.iii.34; Pv.iv.3#6 (= ghora Pv-a.251); Mil.117 (vāta) Pv-a.24, Pv-a.52 (= ghora), Pv-a.159 (sapatha a …

…Pv.iii.5#3 (= ˚mala)

• -karaṇa effecting a conception Snp.927;
• -gata leaving the womb, in putte…

1. (nt.) the fact or the state of going, movement, journey, walk; (-˚) striving for, the leading of, pursuit AN.ii.48 sq. (gamanena na pattabbo lokass’ anto = one cannot walk to the end of the world) …

…expl. as ārammaṇa-karaṇa-vasena ganthehi ganthitabba Dhs-a.69; dhammā g˚ ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties”…

…expl. as ārammaṇa-karaṇa-vasena ganthehi ganthitabba Dhs-a.69; dhammā g˚ ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties”…

˚Gavesaka

adjective from next looking for, seeking Ja.i.176 (kāraṇa˚); Ja.ii.3 (aguṇa˚).

…means, riches Thig.327 (= upakaraṇa Thag-a.234);

• -sita (*śrita) = ˚nissita, connected with worldly life (opp. nekkhamma,…

…enum of the Scriptures in their ninefold division, beginning suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ See under; navaṅga.

grd….

…s
■ water Vin.i.226. -karaṇa a sugar factory ibid. Vin.i.210. -pūvaka sweet cake Mhvs.10–Mhvs.13…

1. cause, reason, condition SN.i.134; AN.iii.440 sq.; Dhs.595, Dhs.1053; Vism.450 Tikp.11, Kp.233, Kp.239. In the older use paccaya and hetu are almost identical …

indeclinable an exclamation of surprise or wonder Ja.vi.529 (C. hin ti kāraṇaṃ).

hiṃ = hi, + kāra, i.e. the syllable “hiṃ”

…growling, grumbling Vism.105. huṅkaroti to grumble Dhp-a.i.173. huṅkaraṇa = ˚kāra Dhp-a.i.173 sq See also…

…category; name of the first sections of the Netti Pakaraṇa Ne.1 sq., Ne.195.

fr. harati

…compose a song Ja.vi.410 -karaṇa making poems DN-a.i.95; and -kāra a poet Kh.21; Ja.vi.410.

cp. Sk….

…up a quarrel Ja.vi.45 -karaṇa quarrelling, fighting Ja.v.413; -kāraka (f
■ ī quarrelsome,…

…Ja.v.204;

• -vākkaraṇa, usually comb. with ˚vāca, of pleasant conversation, of good address or enunciation,…

…(appl. to a wife); -karaṇa 1 working, labour, service Ja.iii.219; Pv-a.120; DN-a.i.168 2 the effects of karma…

1. (adj.)
   1. that ought to be, must or should be done, to be done, to be made (= kātabbaṃ karaṇârahaṃ Kp-a.236) Vin.i.58; DN.i.3, cp. Mil.183; AN.v.210; DN-a.i.7. Often-˚ in the sense of “doing …

…Ja.ii.300; Ja.iii.270.

• -karaṇa ploughing, tilling of the field Pv-a.66;
• -khetta a place for…

whip Vin.i.99 (in Uddāna); MN.i.87, etc.; Dhp.143; Mil.197
■ -kasāhi tāḷeti to whip lash, flog as punishment for malefactors here, as well as in Niraya (see kamma-karaṇā) MN.i …

…Ja.ii.300; Ja.iii.270.

• -karaṇa ploughing, tilling of the field Pv-a.66;
• -khetta a place for…

(& sometimes; kaṭa) done, worked, made. Extremely rare as v. trs. in the common meaning of E. make, Ger. machen, or Fr. faire (see the cognate kapp and jan, also uppajjati & viss …

strip of cloth used to mark the kaṭhina robe, in -karaṇa Vin.i.254, and -ka Vin.i.290.

…vyākaraṇa-samattho mahāmatto: “kh˚ is called the King’s minister who is able to answer all his questions”)…

…Vv-a.36 Vv-a.278; khobha-karaṇa shaking up, disturbance Vism.474 See also akkhobbha.

cp. Vedic kṣubh kṣobhayati, to shake = Goth….

eating, in -kāraṇa the reason of eating… Pv-a.37.

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

… ■ kattabbak˚-karaṇa “the performance of incumbent duties Pv-a.30; idaṃ me kiccaṃ akāsi “he has done me this service”…

…the beard Ja.iii.314 (cp m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi˚ realization, see s. v -akiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining…

…the beard Ja.iii.314 (cp m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi˚ realization, see s. v -akiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining…

…Kitava & kitava

pp. of kṛ; with i for a, cp. kiraṇa for karaṇa. The Dhtp. explained by nivāsane

1. as nt. subst. what? sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ what is the obstruction? Snp.1032; kiṃ tava patthanāya what is it about your wish, i.e. what good is your wish? Vv-a.226; kim idaṃ this is what, that is …

…the beard Ja.iii.314 (cp m-karaṇa and kappanā); sacchi˚ realization, see s. v -akiriyā the non-performance of, omission, abstaining…

…cp. Dhp.53; sabba-pāpassa akaraṇaṃ kusalassa upasampadā sacittapariyodapanaṃ etaṃ Buddhānusāsanaṃ DN.ii.49 = Dhp.183; cp. Ne.43,…

…(hattha˚, elephant trappings, cp. kappanā), Ja.v.215 (= karaṇa, cp. Sk. kalpa).

cp. kutta

…(see above);

• -ādhikaraṇa having its cause in desire MN.i.85; SN.i.74;
• -ādhimutta bent upon the enjoyment of sensual pleasures…

secondary root of karoti, in denom. and intensive function in kāra, kāraka, kāraṇa, kārin, kāreti and their derivations.

…DN.i.11 (= DN-a.i.95 kabba-karaṇa) 2. poetry, song, poem (of suttanta) AN.i.72 = AN.iii.107.

• -matta intoxicated with…

…lī by “silesana-dravīkaraṇa,” i.e. to make slip or run (Dhtp.441; Dhtm.681)]

1. to stick, adhere, cling to see compounds all˚, o˚,…

treating with tenderness, solicitude, fondness Ja.v.331.

fr. mamaṃ + kṛ.

…Dhp-a.i.253.

• -karaṇa shaving Dhp-a.i.253; DN-a.i.137.
• -kutti [m. *kḷpti]…

Matta¹

adjective (-˚) “by measure,” measured, as far as the measure goes, i.e

1. consisting of, measuring (with numerals or similar expressions): appamatto kali Snp.659; pañcamattā sata …

…up of a child, viz. nāma-karaṇa-mangala the ceremony of giving a name; āhāra-paribhoga˚ of taking solid food; kaṇṇa-vijjhana˚ of…

stupidity, dullness of mind & soul, delusion bewilderment, infatuation DN.iii.146, DN.iii.175, DN.iii.182, DN.iii.214, DN.iii.270; Vin.iv.144, Vin.iv.145; Snp.56, Snp.74, Snp.160, Snp.638, Snp.847; Vb …

Mokkha¹

1. (lit.) release, freedom from, in bandhanā m DN.i.73 = MN.i.276.
2. (fig.) release, deliverance, salvation Vb.426 (jarā-maraṇa˚ from old age & death) Dhp-a.i.4 (˚magga + sagg …

…cp. Vin.v.163: na hatthavikāro kātabbo, na hattha-muddā dassetabbā.

• -ādhikaraṇa the office of the keeper of the Privy Seal…

…-karaṇa “urine-making,” i.e. pudendum muliebre, cunnus Vin.iv.260. *…

1. (lit.) root AN.ii.200; MN.i.233; Dhp-a.i.270; Dhp-a.iv.200 (opp. patti); Vism.270 (rukkha˚; = rukkha-samīpaṃ); Pv.ii.9#6 (sa˚ with the root); Pv-a.43 (rukkhassa mūle at the foot of).
2. foot …

…Dhp-a.i.174 (+ tithi-karaṇa); ˚ṃ oloketi to set the horoscope Dhp-a.i.166, ˚ṃ uggaṇhāti id. Pv.iii.5#4. *…

…telaṃ yojetvā n-karaṇaṃ) DN.i.12; Vin.i.204; MN.i.511; Dhp-a.i.12;

• -karaṇī a pocket handkerchief Vin.i.204.

cp. Sk. nas…

…viz. suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ MN.i.133; AN.ii.103, AN.ii.178;…

…trunk);

• -kaṭṭhakaraṇa ploughing SN.v.146 = Ja.ii.59
• -phāla [mod. Ind. phār] ploughshare (to be understood…

1. (n.) tying down to; ground (lit. or fig.), foundation, occasion source, origin, cause; reason, reference, subject (“sujet”) MN.i.261; AN.i.134 sq.; AN.i.263 sq., AN.i.338; AN.ii.196 AN.iv.128 sq.; …

or is it ˚aṃ?) = nikati (fraud) Pp.19, Pp.23 (as syn. of māyā).

…Snp.242 (= nirāsaṃ-karaṇaṃ Snp-a.286); Ja.i.223; Pv.iii.9#5 (+ vañcana); Pp.19, Pp.23, Pp.58; Vv-a.114; Pv-a.211…

Err:508

collection (“body”) assemblage, class, group.

1. generally (always-˚): eka˚; one class of beings Dhs-a.66; tiracchāna˚; the animal kingdom SN.iii.152; deva˚; the assembly of the gods, the g …

…Vin.v.172; Vb.353;

• -karaṇa = gāhin SN.iv.297;
• -gāhin “taking signs,” enticed or led away…

adjective fond of, attached to (-˚) SN.i.133; DN-a.i.250; Pv-a.5 (duccarita˚), Pv-a.89, Pv-a.161 (hitakaraṇa˚).

pp. of niramati

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

to spend, bestow, give, give up Pv-a.105 (dānûpakaraṇā nisajjesi read better as ˚karaṇǡni sajjesi). See also nissajjati.

sic MSS. for niss˚; Sk. niḥsarjayati, nis + sajjeti, …

…= mantena jivhāya thaddhakaraṇa DN-a.i.96 variant reading (gloss) nibandhana).

Sk. *niṣṭambhana, abstr. fr. ni + thaddha = making rigid

…nāmarūpa-duke nāmakaraṇaṭṭhena nāmaṭṭhena namanaṭṭhena ca nāmaṃ ruppanaṭṭhena rūpaṃ. Cp. DN.i.223; DN.ii.32,…

…weapons Ja.i.150;

• -karaṇa difference, diversity Vin.i.339 (sangha˚); MN.ii.128 cp. Divy.222; *…

Okāsa

1. lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space DN.i.34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā pariccheda), Vism.243 (id.); Pv-a.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā …

1. (with variant reading osāpeti, reading osāreti is uncertain) to stow away, deposit, put in, put away (see also opeti) Ja.vi.52, Ja.vi.67 (pattaṃ thavikāya o.).
2. to bring out, e …

…C.). 3. a patch, patching (˚karaṇa), darning (?) Vin.i.254 (vv ll. ovaṭṭiya˚, ovadhita˚ ovadhīya˚); Ja.ii.197 (variant reading ovaddhi˚)…

…Vv-a.281; Pv-a.30, Pv-a.35; Kp-a.213 Kp-a.236; in lieu of karaṇa Kp-a.213, of sāmin Snp-a.594.

paṭi + attan

Padaka¹

adjective one who knows the padas (words or lines), versed in the padapāṭha of the Veda (Ep. of an educated Brahmin) DN.i.88 = Snp.p.105 (where Avs.ii.19 in id. p. has padaśo = P. …

…has reading pakampana for ˚kapp˚ and explained by kampa-karaṇa Snp-a.568).

fr. pakappeti

1. performance, undertaking paragraph (of the law) DN.i.98 (“offence”? see Dial. i.120); SN.iii.91; Mil.189.
2. occasion Vin.i.44 Vin.ii.75; Vin.iii.20.
3. exposition, arrangement, literary work, co …

…(tassa pañhassa vyākaraṇapakkhe); Snp-a.168 (id.).

Ved. pakṣa in meanings 1 and 3; to Lat. pectus, see Walde, Lat. Wtb. s….

…ti vatvā tattha balikamma-karaṇaṃ“). The BSk. form appears to be parīkṣā, as seen in phrase vatthuparīkṣā at Divy.3 & Divy.16. See…

lit. “going round” analysed by Bdhgh in 3 diff. meanings, viz. vāra (turn, course) desanā (instruction, presentation), and kāraṇa (cause reaso …

…instead of Kp-a.213 (karaṇavacana˚, where Pv-a.30 in id. p. reads karaṇ’ atthe).

fr. pa + sanj. Class Sk. prasanga in both…

…(= parakkamati).

• -karaṇa exertion, pursuit, occupation Dhp-a.iii.238
• -vipatti failure of…

adjective noun masculine

Cases:
■ gen. dat. pañcannaṃ,
■ instr. abl pañcahi,
■ loc. pañcasu;
■ often used in compositional form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; G …

…Snp-a.538.

• -vyākaraṇa mode of answering questions, of which there are 4, viz. ekaṃsa “direct,”…

…in cpd. vatta-paṭivatta-karaṇa “moving forth or backwards” performance of different kinds of duties; doing this, that & the other…

…also called Mahāpakaraṇa. See Ledi, J.P.T.S. 1915–⁠16 p. 26; Mrs. Rh. D., Tika p. 1, vi
■ At Sdhp.321 it has the Sk. meaning…

…Ja.v.216 (˚cheka-karaṇa); Vv-a.275 (as explⁿ of atīva sangata Vv.64#2)
■ Note. Another (doubtful)…

…duguṇa-karaṇa.“ See also Vin Texts iii.94.

etym.? Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. suggests diminutiveformation fr. Sk….

an encircling wall, put up for obstruction and protection, a fence rampart Vin.ii.121 (3 kinds: made of bricks, of stone or of wood, viz. iṭṭhakā˚, silā, dāru˚); Vin.iv.266 (id.) MN.iii.11; SN.iv.194 …

…-karaṇa doing service, paying homage Pv-a.30.

• -kāra = karaṇa Dhp-a.ii.44.

fr. pūj,…

…pahūta-vitt’ ûpakaraṇa pahūtadhana-dhañña paripuṇṇa-kosa-koṭṭhāgāra,“ e.g. DN.i.134. For a late description of a…

…pahūta-vitt’ ûpakaraṇa pahūtadhana-dhañña paripuṇṇa-kosa-koṭṭhāgāra,“ e.g. DN.i.134. For a late description of a…

…-yoga = karaṇa-vacana Snp-a.44.

• -vatthu living together with Thig.414 Thig.425; Thag-a.269. *…

…Ja.i.198 Ja.i.209; samaggakaraṇa making for peace DN.i.4 = AN.ii.209 = Pp.57; DN-a.i.74; samagganandin, samaggarata, and samaggārāma,…

…of legal questions (adhikaraṇa) Vin.ii.93 Vin.iv.207; cp. Dhs-a.144; s. paṭivijjhati Pts.i.180.

• -yānika who makes quietude his…

the dative relation Ja.v.214 (upayogatthe), Ja.v.237 (karaṇatthe); Snp-a.499 (˚vacana).

saṃ + padāna

…Vin.ii.256; sampannaveyyākaraṇa a full explanation Snp.352. 2. endowed with, possessed of abounding in Vin.i.17; Snp.152, Snp.727…

…Ne.40; Ne.127; ˚-karaṇa making for gentleness MN.i.96; AN.ii.148 = AN.iii.180.

fr. suvaca, in analogy to…

adjective lucky; -karaṇa making happy or beloved (by charms) DN.i.11; DN-a.i.96
■ Der. sobhagga

su + bhaga

Ta˚

base of demonstr. pron. for nt., in oblique cases of m. & f., in demonstr. adv. of place & time (see also sa).

I. Cases: nom

sg. nt. tad (older) Vin.i.83; Snp.1052; Dh …

…+). Cp. tanutara.

• -karaṇa making thinner, reducing, diminishing Vin.ii.316 (Bdhgh on CV. v.9, 2); *…

…Name of one of the adhikaraṇa-samathā: guilt (legal wrong) of such & such a character Vin.i.325; in detail expl. MN.ii.249; +…

…one of the seven Adhikaraṇasamathas (ways in which litigation may be settled). In case mutual complaints of breach of the rules have been…

satisfying, pleasing, in -kāraṇa cause for satisfaction or delight Ja.iii.448.

Sk. toṣaṇa

…to go to stool); Vin.iv.265, Vin.iv.266 (uccāro nāma gūtho vuccati); Dhp-a.ii.56 (˚karaṇa defecation); uccārapassāva faeces & urine…

…urine) Vin.iv.262 (= mutta-karaṇassa dhovanā C.).

Vedic udaka, uda + ka (see uda²), of Idg. *ṷed, *ud, fuller…

…sq. (pañho, u. veyyākaraṇaṃ); Cnd.385#2 (+ paripucchā); Ja.i.116; Mil.257 (+ paripucchā). ek’uddesa a single repetition…

Uju & Ujju

adjective straight direct; straightforward, honest, upright DN.iii.150 (T. ujja), DN.iii.352 (do.), DN.iii.422, DN.iii.550; Vv.18#7 (= sabba-jimha-vanka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u. …

Uju & Ujju

adjective straight direct; straightforward, honest, upright DN.iii.150 (T. ujja), DN.iii.352 (do.), DN.iii.422, DN.iii.550; Vv.18#7 (= sabba-jimha-vanka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u. …

help, service, support; means of existence, livelihood DN.ii.340; AN.ii.86; Ja.i.7; Pv-a.60 (commodities), Pv-a.133 (˚manussa, adj. suitable, fit) Sdhp.69. In general any instrument or means of achi …

…doing good Pv-a.86.

fr. upa + kṛ; cp. upakaraṇa

to receive, get, obtain to find, make out Mil.124 (kāraṇaṃ); usually in Pass. upalabbhati to be found or got, to be known; to exist MN.i.138 (an˚); SN.i.135; SN.iv.384; Snp.85 …

1. cause, means DN.ii.217, DN.ii.259; MN.iii.71 (samādhiṃ sa-upanisaṃ); SN.ii.30–SN.ii.32 (SN-a. = kāraṇa, paccaya); SN.v.25; AN.i.198; AN.iii.20, AN.iii.200 sq. AN.iii.360; AN.iv.99, AN.iv.336, AN. …

…Snp-a.140; Kp-a.116; karaṇa˚ Snp-a.148; sampadāna˚ Ja.v.214; Snp-a.317; itthambhūta˚ Snp-a.441; nissakka˚ Ja.v.498.

fr. upa +…

…an answer, rejoinder Dhp-a.i.44 (karaṇ˚-karaṇa).

abstr. fr. uttara; uttara + ya = Sk. *uttarya

…Ne.8, Ne.9, Ne.38
■ -karaṇa id Snp-a.445
■ -karoti to make clear or open, to declare show up, confess (a sin) Vin.i.103;…

…(= vaddhānaṃ apaciti-karaṇa Snp-a.332); Dhp.109; Dhp-a.ii.239 (= buḍḍhatare guṇavuddhe apacāyamāna) Cp. jeṭṭh’…

(-˚)

1. bringing, carrying, leading Pv.i.5#8 (vāri˚ river = mahānadī Pv-a.29); SN.i.103; Pv-a.13 (anattha˚). Doubtful in hetu- vahe Pv.ii.8#5, better with variant reading -vaco, explained by …

…iti; vossassa vassa-karaṇaṃ vassa-kammaṃ vassassa vossa-karaṇaṃ vossa-kammaṃ DN-a.i.97). -kāla time…

…fig. sense!], āyatana & adhikaraṇa); AN.iv.334; DN.i.13 sq. (aṭṭhādasahi vatthūhi etc.) Ja.ii.5 (avatthumhi chandaṃ mâkari do not set…

…AN.i.152 AN.i.299.

• -karaṇa expense, expenditure Ja.iv.355; Vin.ii.321 (Sam. Pās on C. V. vi.4, 6, explaining…

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

…Snp.158 (˚ya); Vv.84#40 (˚ka; explained as “sahitānaṃ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṃ,” i.e. pisuṇaṃ Vv-a.347).

fr….

…Snp.158 (˚ya); Vv.84#40 (˚ka; explained as “sahitānaṃ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṃ,” i.e. pisuṇaṃ Vv-a.347).

fr….

…Snp.595; Mil.236; Snp-a.447.

= vyākaraṇa

…Ne.38 (+ vivaraṇā uttāni-kammatā); Tikp.10; Snp-a.445 (vivaraṇa, v. uttāni-karaṇa); Dhs-a.343, Dhs-a.344. Cp….

…Speyer in Index considers vikaraṇa the correct form) = Divy.299 (reading cyavanapatana˚) = Lal.242. See also SN.iii.190 (under vikirati). 2….

…= Vism.543.

• -gabbha-karaṇa (using charms for) procuring abortion DN.i.11; DN-a.i.96 (explained here as first trying to destroy the…

…viruṭañ ca gabbhakaraṇaṃ at Snp.927 with the passage viruddha-gabbhakaraṇaṃ at DN.i.11 (cp. DN-a.i.96), which seems more…

…e.g. Vism.250; Mhvs.6, Mhvs.44; Snp-a.583; Vv-a.38; Pv-a.214- visukaraṇa separation Thag-a.257.

cp. Sk. viṣu, a derivation fr….

…Pv.ii.8#1 (= vittiyā upakaraṇa-bhūtaṃ vittaṃ Pv-a.106)
■ Often in phrase -ūpakaraṇa possessions & means, i.e. wealth; e.g….

…or veyvañjanika veyyākaraṇa, veyyāyika. It further appears as by˚ (like byaggha, byañjana, byappatha, byamha, byāpanna byābādha…

…Ja.i.44; Dhp-a.iv.120.

fr. vyākaroti; see also veyyākaraṇa

…voice, talk; only in cpd. -karaṇa talk, speaking conversation, as kālyāṇa-vāk-karaṇa good speech AN.ii.97; AN.iii.195, AN.iii.261;…

…difficult Vin.ii.299 (adhikaraṇa).

cp. Sk. vyāla

Vāla³

neuter water; only in cpd. -ja a fish (cp. vārija).

= vāri, cp….

…Lat. Wtb. s. v. aestimo
■ The Dhtp (62) defines root by “deva-pūjā, sangati-karaṇa dānesu,” i.e. “said of deva-worship, of…

…also called Yamaka-ppakaraṇa; Tikp.8
■ The Yamakasutta refers to the conversion of the bhikkhu Yamaka and is given at SN.iii.109…

…nihat’ âdhikaraṇaṁ punakammāya ukkoṭeyya pācittiyan ti i.e. a dispute settled in proper form; with explanation: y-…

…(yato + adhikaraṇaṃ) because (lit. by reason of which; cp. kim-ādhikaraṇaṃ, see adhik.) DN.i.70; DN.i.113; MN.i.269;…

…SN.iv.220; AN.iv.169.

-karaṇa the preparation of corn AN.iv.169. -kalāpī (or ˚inī) a sheaf of…

…(anujānāmi bh. adhikaraṇaṃ yebhuyyasikāya vūpasametuṃ), Vin.ii.93 (vivād’ âdhikaraṇaṃ dvīhi samathehi sammati:…

…ñātīnaṃ kattabba-karaṇaṃ Pv-a.30);

• -parivatta the circle of relations DN.i.61; MN.i.267; Pp.57≈ *…

…(= Cnd.266#b ˚upeta);

• -karaṇa (adj.) giving (right) understanding enlightening, in combination with cakkhukaraṇa…

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

…(= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DN-a.i.98). 2. after evacuation Ja.iii.486.

• -kumbhī water-pitcher used for rinsing…

concentration, attention, mindfulness Snp-a.290 (+ daḷhīkaraṇa), Snp-a.398 (id.).

ā + dhāraṇatā

1. (m.) starting-point, beginning Snp.358 (acc. ādiṃ = kāraṇaṃ Snp-a.351); Dhp.375 (nom. ādi); Mil.10 (ādimhi); Ja.vi.567 (abl. ādito from the beginning). For use as nt. see below 2 b.
2. (adj & adv …

1. come, arrived Mil.18 (˚kāraṇa the reason of his coming); Vv-a.78 (˚ṭṭhāna); Pv-a.81 (kiṃ āgat’attha why have you come here) come by, got, attained (˚-) AN.ii.110 = Pp.48 (˚visa); Mhvs.xiv.28 (˚p …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

…light-bringer Iti.108.

• -karaṇa making light, illumining Iti.108
• -da giving light or insight Thag.3
• -dassana seeing light, i.e….

…Thag.1055; Iti.18; Pv.ii.1#7; Pp.58; Mil.231, Mil.406; Vism.106; DN-a.i.80 (= vilopa-karaṇaṃ).

ā + lup, cp. ālumpati; BSk….

and Ānañja immovability, imperturbability, impassibility. The word is n. but occurs as adj. at Vin.iii.109 (ānañja samādhi, with which cp. BSk. ānijyā śāntiḥ at Avs.i.199
■ T …

…Vin.ii.88 (˚adhikaraṇa), Vin.ii.259 (˚ṃ paṭikaroti); Vin.iv.344; DN.iii.212 (˚kusalatā); AN.i.84 (id.), AN.i.87; AN.ii.240…

…a wife DN.i.11 (= āvāha-karaṇa DN-a.i.96). 2. “getting up, bringing together”, i.e. a mass, a group or formation, in senā˚ a…

1. stretch, extent, reach, compass, region; sphere, locus, place, spot; position, occasion (corresponding to Bdhgh’s definition at DN-a.i.124 as “samosaraṇa”) DN.iii.241, DN.iii.279 (vimutti˚); SN.ii …

…DN.i.187; Dhp.185 (= payoga-karaṇa Dhp-a.iii.238). 5. (t. t.) obligation guarantee(?) Snp-a.179
■ Cp. sam˚.

Sk. āyoga, of ā +…

…or kāraṇehi pāmujjakaraṇaṃ ṭh. (object) Snp.256; ekaccesu ṭhānesu sameti ekaccesu na sameti “I agree in certain points, but not…