A yakkha, friend of Sūciloma. He was passing through Gayā with Sūciloma when the latter questioned the Buddha on his doctrine, as recorded in the Sūciloma Sutta. SN.i.207f. Snp.p.47f.

harsh, rough; hard, solid; sharp, keen; fierce.

1. (m.) an alkali; a caustic substance (such as soda or potash).
2. (mfn.) consisting of caustic fluid; esp. as epithet of a river in a hell.

…a conch Ja.vi.580.

• -ssara of rough sound SN.ii.128.

cp. Sk. khara

Khara²

water Ja.iii.282.

Sk. kṣara

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

The grove presented by Ambapālī to the Buddha and the Order. It was in Vesāli and was given to the Buddha during his last tour in that town, at the conclusion of the meal to which Ambapālī had invited …

…Ambaṭṭha goes back to Pokkharasadi and reports the whole interview. Pokkharasādi is greatly incensed, abuses Ambaṭṭha and kicks him. Later…

…lake, the Gaggarā-pokkharaṇī. On its banks was a grove of campaka-trees, well known for the fragrance of their marvellous white flowers,…

…brahmins as Tārukkha, Pokkharasādi, Jāṇussoṇi and Todeyya. MN.ii.202

Caṅkī lived in the brahmin village of Opasāda, on a royal fief…

…seem to have been near Pokkharasādi’s domain of Ukkaṭṭha. It was the residence of “Mahāsāla” brahmins. The Sutta Nipāta Snp.p.115…

…as Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti and Todeyya. Snp.p.115 He is mentioned as staying in Icchānaṅgala, MN.ii.196 where he evidently took part…

…of the names of Pokkharasāti. MN.ii.200

Opamañña²

A Gandhabba chieftain, who was among those present at the preaching of…

…the Buddha at Gaggarāpokkharanī where Kandaraka was also present, and his conversation on that occasion is recorded in the Kandaraka Sutta….

…was the pupil of Pokkharasāti, who sent him to the Buddha at Icchānaṅgala to discover if the report of the Buddha’s greatness were…

A monastery in Sāmagāma where the Buddha is said once to have stayed. AN.iii.309

Sāmagāma3monastery

Puṇṇikā²

A slave girl of Pokkharasāti. MN.ii.201

…as Kīṭāgiri, Upatissagāma, Kolitagāma, Andhakavinda, Sakkhara and Codanāvatthu.

25.03,85.421town

SakkharaSakkāra

A township of the Sākyans where the Buddha once stayed with Ānanda. SN.v.2 It was not far from Rājagaha and was the residence of…

A Mahā Brahmā, whose name means “ever young”. In the Nikāyas DN.i.121 MN.i.358 SN.i.153 AN.v.327 he is mentioned as the author of a famous verse, which is eleswhere attribued to the Buddha. SN.ii.284 …

…Nagaraka, Medatalumpa, Sakkhara and Ulumpa (q.v.). Within the Sākyan tribe there were probably several clans, gottā. The Buddha himself…

…Sūciloma and his friend, Khara, happened to be passing by, and Sūciloma, coming up to the Buddha, bent his body against the Buddha’s. The…

…(as brahmadeyya), to Pokkharasāti by the king of Kosala, in recognition of the former’s skill. It was thickly populated and had much…

The family to which Pokkharasāti belonged. He was, therefore, called Opamañña. MN.ii.200

…appearance e.g., Kuvannā, Khara, Kharaloma, Kharadāthika, Citta, Cittarāja, Silesaloma, Sūciloma and Hāritā; (b) their place of residence,…

késztetés, formáló erő; indíttatás; összetett dolog

preparation; development; performance; accumulation of motive force (as a result of action), impetus.

1. (m. f. & n.) a sound; a syllable.
2. (n.) an expression, a word.

(& n.?) phonology and etymology

(from akkhara) a letter-game.

syllable by syllable.

aiming at the meaning, or at the benefit

1. (m.) equipping, making fit the thinking.
2. (mfn.) which equips, makes fit the thinking.

mental motive force; mental activity.

adornment or improvement (making fit?) and equipping of thinking?

the impetus or determination to go; preparations for going.

exercise of supernatural power(s)

the requisites of life.

hard; solid

harsh toned; making a harsh sound

rough animal skin

(& ~ā f.?) a form of torture (involving inflicting wounds which are then treated with a caustic fluid

with blossoming crests.

bodily motive force; physical motion

1. name and form;
   1. individual person or identity; interpreted as the mental and physical aspects of an individual.
   2. esp. in the paṭiccasamuppāda series: with viññāṇa furnishing (the poss …

lye, an alkaline fluid (allowed as a treatment for constipation)

an accumulation of motive force, impetus, for arūpa states

constituent of life, impetus for life, vital principle

Abhisankhāra: Construction identical with the 2nd link of the paticca - samuppāda, sankhāra, under I, 1 or kammic-constructions.

Adhimokkha: ‘determination’, decision, resolve: is one of the mental properties cetasika and belongs to the group of mental constructions sankhāra - khandha. In M. 111, it is mentioned toge …

Anattā: No-self, egolessness, soullessness, impersonality, absence of identity, is the last of the 3 universal characteristics of existence ti-lakkhana. This anattā doctrine, which only is t …

Anicca: Impermanent, transient or, as abstract noun, aniccatā impermanence or change is the first of the three universal characteristics of existence tilakkhana, which is easily observable and …

Anāgāmī: T he Non-Returner is a Noble Disciple Ariya-puggala on the 3rd stage of Nobility. There are 5 classes of Non-Returners, as it is said e.g. Pug. 42-46:

A being, through the disappea …

Apuññābhisankhāra: see: sankhāra

Asankhāra-parinibbāyī: The one reaching Nibbāna without effort, is one of the five classes of Non-Returners anāgāmī

Assāsa-passāsa: In-and-out-breathing, are bodily constructions kāya - sankhāra, while directed thought and sustained thinking vitakka and vicāra are called verbal constructions *vacī\ …

Citta-sankhāra: see: sankhāra

Forest-dweller: the ascetic practice for the: see: dhutānga

formation = Construction: sankhāra

Iddhi-pāda: ‘roads to power’ or success are the 4 following qualities,,for as guides, they indicate the road to power connected therewith; and because they form, by way of preparation, the roads …

[[imperturbable karma-formations]]Imperturbable kammic-constructions: āneñjābhisankhāra see: sankhāra

Indriya: ‘abilities’, is a name for 22, partly physical, partly mental, phenomena often treated in the Suttas as well as in the Abhidhamma. They are:

6 Bases āyatana:

1. eye: …

Paticcasamuppāda: ‘dependent origination’, is the doctrine of the conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena, a doctrine which, together with that of impersonality anattā, forms the …

Phassa: fr. phusati to touch: ‘sense-contact’, contact. The term samphassa is used in compounds, e.g. in the following: ‘;T’here are 6 classes of sense-contact: visual contact cakkhu - *s …

Puññābhisankhāra: ‘meritorious kammic-constructions’ of the sense-and fine-material sphere; see: sankhāra I. 1.

Pīti: rapture, enthusiasm rendered also by joy, happiness; interest it is one of the mental properties or properties cetasika and belongs to the group of mental constructions sankhāra - *khan …

Tatra-majjhattatā: ‘equanimity, equipoise, mental balance’ lit., ‘remaining here and there in the middle’, is the name for a high ethical quality belonging to the sankhāra - khandha see: *kh …

Ti-lakkhana: the ‘3 charactcristies of existence’, or signata, are impermanency anicca, suffcring or misery dukkha see: sacca, dukkhatā no-self anattā.

Whether Perfect Ones appear in th …

Āneñja: Static imperturbability, denotes the mental state of being(s) in the formless sphere arūpāvacara avacara, see: sankhāra cf. M. 106.

Ānāpāna-sati: Awareness or mindfulness on & by in-and-out-breathing, is one of the most important trainings for reaching mental concentration and the 4 absorptions jhāna. In the Satipatthāna …

Āyūhana: K ammic accumulation, is a name used in the commentarial literature for the advantageous and disadvantageous intentional activities kamma or kammic-constructions sankhāra (see: *paticc …

…Vv.1#1 (= valāhaka-sikhara Vv-a.12)

• -ghana a mass of clouds, a thick cloud Iti.64; Snp.348 (cp. Snp-a.348). *…

…abhi +…

…(+ paramāya vaṇṇa-pokkharatāya samannāgata), e.g. Vin.i.268; DN.i.47, DN.i.114, DN.i.120; SN.ii.279; AN.ii.86, AN.ii.203 Cnd.659; Pp.66;…

(& -khāreti in Pot.) to prepare, do, perform, work, get up Vin.i.16 (iddh’ âbhisankhāraṃ ˚khāreyya); DN.i.184 (id.); SN.ii.40; SN.iii.87 SN.iii.92; SN.iv.132, SN.iv.290; SN.v.449; AN.i.201; Snp.984 …

1. putting forth, performance, doing, working, practice: only in two comb^ns., viz
   1. gamiya˚; (or gamika˚) a heathenish practice Vin.i.233; AN.iv.180, &
   2. iddha˚; (= iddḥi˚) work …

adjective what belongs to or is done by the sankhāras; accumulated by or accumulating merit, having special (meritorious) effect (or specially prepared?) Vin.ii.77 = Vin.iii.160; Sdhp.309 (sa ˚paccaya …

…Sk. akṣara (see akkhara); there may be a connection with akkhaṇa in akkhaṇa-vedhin (cp. BSk. acchaṭā…

the hide of the black antelope, worn as a garment by ascetics DN.i.167; Snp.1027; Ja.i.12, Ja.i.53; Ja.iv.387; Ja.v.407. kharājina a rough skin (as garment) MN.i.343; SN.iv.118; AN.ii.207; Snp.249 (= …

…in phrase sakkharappabheda phonology & etymology DN.i.88 (akkharappabhedo ti sikkhā ca nirutti ca Snp-a.447 = DN-a.i.247 =…

houselessness, a houseless state, fig freedom from worldliness or attachment to life, singleness SN.v.24 = AN.v.232 = Dhp.87 (okā anokaṃ āgamma). adj. homeless, free from attachment SN.i.176; Dhp.87 ( …

…cp. Vin.iv.355 Cp. anupadaṃ.

anu + akkhara

only in khārāpatācch˚; (q.v.) a kind of torture.

adjective not stony, free from gravel or stones, smooth Ja.v.168; Dhp-a.iii.401 (opp. sasakkhara).

a + sakkhara

adjective very talkative, a chatterbox Ja.i.418; Dhp-a.ii.70. atimukharatā (f. abstr.) ibid.

ati + mukhara

adjective to strengthen, cp. upabrūhana, paribbūḷha much, many, large, abundant; plenty; in compound also very, greatly (˚-) instr. sg. bahunā Dhp.166; nom. pl bahavo Vin.iii.90; Dhp.307, & *bahū …

Bhaddaka^a & Bhadraka^b

1. good, of good quality (opp. pāpaka) AN.iv.169^a.
2. honoured of high repute Ja.iii.269^a (= sambhāvita C.).
3. (m nt.) a good thing, …

breaking up, splitting, perishing; destruction Ja.i.392; Ja.v.284; Ja.vi.11; Dhp-a.i.257 (kaṇṇā bhijjan’ ākāra-pattā); Thag-a.43 (bhijjana-sabhāva of perishable nature; explⁿ of bhidura …

…(sīlaṃ); Ja.vi.345 (pokkharaṇiṃ) and bhedāpeti Vin.iii.42
■ See also bhindana.

bhid, Sk. bhinatti; cp. Lat. findo to split,…

1. anything to carry, a load Vin.iii.278 (Bdhgh; dāru˚ a load of wood) bhāraṃ vahati to carry a load AN.i.84; Vv-a.23
   ■ garu˚ a heavy load, as “adj.” “carrying a heavy load” Ja.v.439 (of a w …

…khura, cp. chārikā → khara

Ashes Vin.i.210; Vin.ii.220; DN.ii.164 = Ud.93; AN.i.209; AN.iv.103; Ja.iii.447; Ja.iv.88; Ja.v.144; Dhp-a.i.256 Dhp-a.ii.68; Vv-a.67; Pv-a.80 (chārikangāra).

Cp. kṣāyati to burn, kṣāra burning; …

…thinks out or invents, in akkhara˚; the grammarian Pv-a.120, nīti˚; the lawgiver ib. Pv-a.130; cp. Divy.212, Divy.451, “overseer.”

cp….

…(cp. citaka²) pokkharaṇiyo iṭṭhakāhi citā DN.ii.178, cp. Vin.ii.123.

• -antaraṃsa “one whose…

…(adj.) with beautiful vowels SN.ii.267 (Cp ˚vyañjana); -attharaka a variegated carpet…

the (upper) robe of a Buddhist mendicant C. is the first one of the set of 4 standard requisites of a wandering bhikkhu, vir. c˚, piṇḍapāta alms-bowl, *[senāsana](/define/senās …

…paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgəta* to express matchless physical beauty: DN.i.114; SN.ii.279; Pv-a.46 etc. Also with abhirūpa…

adjective

1. to be given (see below)
2. deserving a gift, worthy of receiving alms Ja.iii.12 (a˚); Mil.87 (rāja˚) -nt. a gift offering Vin.i.298 (saddhā˚).

• -dhamma a gift, …

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

…one man Ja.i.290.

• -pokkhara a sort of drum Ja.vi.21, Ja.vi.580 (C. explains by ek-akkhi-bherī) *…

(and gamiya Ja.i.87) adjective going away, setting out for a journey (opp. āgantuka coming back) appl. to bhikkhus only: Vin.i.292 (˚ bhatta food for outgoing bh.); Vin.ii.170 (āgantuka˚), Vin.ii.21 …

gone, in all meanings of gacchati (q.v.) viz.

1. literal. gone away, arrived at, directed to (c. acc.), opp ṭhita: gate ṭhite nisinne (loc. abs.) when going standing, sitting down (cp. gacchati 1) DN …

…-rājā king of the mountains, of Mount Sineru Mil.21, Mil.224;

• -sikhara mountain top, peak…

…Ja.iv.395 Def. as akkhara-padaniya-mita-ganthita-vacanaṃ at Kp-a.117. For a riddle on the word see SN.i.38. As a style of…

There is no single word in English for Iddhi, as the idea is unknown in Europe. The main sense seems to be ʻpotency’.

1. Pre-Buddhistic; the Iddhi of a layman The four Iddhis of a king are personal …

…padapāripurī akkharasamavāyo etc.“ Mnd.123 = Cnd.137. The same expl^n. also for iti’ haṃ (see below iv.)

I. As…

…kṣāyati to burn, kṣāy & kṣī, cp. khara & chārikā

…ñatta); DN-a.i.86 (akkhara˚); Vism.391 (˚atthāya in order to know), Vism.436 (= pajānana). Cp. ājānana. ajānana…

…MN.i.225; dabba AN.i.254; mukhara˚ Snp.275; viññū˚ Snp.294; māna Ja.i.88. 2. descended from, being of rank, belonging to the class of:…

(individual) life, lifetime, span of life; living, livelihood (cp jīvikā) Vin.ii.191; SN.i.42; SN.iv.169, SN.iv.213; MN.ii.73 (appaṃ) AN.i.155, AN.i.255; AN.iii.72; AN.iv.136 (appakaṃ parittaṃ); Snp.1 …

…kakkhalaṃ kharagataṃ kakkhaḷattaṃ kakkhaḷabhāvo); Vism.349 (= thaddha), Vism.591, Vism.592 (˚lakkhaṇa); Dhp-a.ii.95;…

…Com. explⁿ sikhara, kūṭa) AN.iii.34 (= AN-a.620 ~kūṭa). Cp. satakkaku & Morris, J.P.T.S. 1891–⁠93, 5.

Brh. kakud,…

adjective any indistinct and confused noise Mhbv.23 (of the tramping of an army); in -mukhara sounding confusedly (of the ocean) ibid. 18. Cp karakarā.

cp. Sk. kala

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

1. throat AN.iv.131; Ja.v.448; Mil.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati, is hoarse); Pv-a.280 (akkharāni mahatā kaṇṭhena uccaritāni). The throat of Petas is narrow and parched with thirst: Pv-a.99 (k-oṭṭha-tālūnaṃ …

…combined with sakkhara at DN.i.84 = AN.i.9, and in simile at AN.i.253. As f. combined with…

…tikhiṇa, ghora (of niraya); often combined with khara opp. madhura, e.g. Pv-a.119

I. Crude meaning

bulk, massiveness (gross) substance.

1. Esp. used
   1. of an elephant: the bulk of the body, i.e. its back SN.i.95 vāraṇassa Ja.iii.392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on th …

roughness AN.i.54; Pv-a.90 (in explⁿ of pharusa).

fr. khara

waste, destruction, consumption decay, ruin, loss; of the passing away of night Vv-a.52 mostly in applied meaning with ref. to the extinction of passions & such elements as condition, life, & rebirth …

digging Mil.351 (pokkharaṇi˚).

fr. khaṇ

adjective sharp or dry, said of the buds of the Pāricchattaka AN.iv.117 sq.

fr. khāra

Khārika¹

alkaline, in enumⁿ of tastes (cp. rasa) at SN.iii.87; Dhs.629 and ≈.

adj. to khāra

Khārika²

of the khārī measure, in vīsati˚ kosalako tilavāho AN.v.173 = …

certain measure of capacity (esp. of grain, see below khārika). It is used of the eight requisites of an ascetic, and often in conn. with his yoke (kāja): “a khārī-load.”

• -kāja …

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

…the foll
■ vaṇṇa-pokkharatā i.e. light colour as becoming a man of good family. Kern

Toevoegselen

s. v. quite unnecessarily interprets…

adjective

1. (adj.) clever, skilful, expert; good, right, meritorious MN.i.226; Dhp.44; Ja.i.222 Esp. appl. in moral sense (= puñña), whereas akusala is practically equivalent to pāpa. ekam pi ce pāṇ …

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

…cloud Vv i.¹ (= sikhara); aṃsa˚ shoulder clavicle, Vv-a.121, Vv-a.123 pabbata˚ mountain peak Vin.ii.193; Ja.i.73. Cp. koṭa 2. the…

1. carved, cut, worked (in ivory etc.), in cpd. saṅkha˚ brahmacariya the moral life, like a polished shell DN.i.63; SN.ii.219, explained at DN-a.i.181 as “likhita-sankha-sadisa dhota-sankha-sap …

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

…AN.iv.203.

• -sakkhara a salt crystal (cp. ˚phala), a (solid) piece of (natural) salt SN.ii.276 (in simile, cp….

the God of Death, the Buddhist Māra, or sometimes equivalent to Yama SN.i.156; Snp.357 (gen. maccuno), Snp.581 (instr maccunā), Snp.587; Thag.411; Dhp.21, Dhp.47, Dhp.128, Dhp.135, Dhp.150 Dhp.287; Vb …

impartiality, indifference, balance of mind Cnd.166 (in explⁿ of upekkhā with syn. passaddhatā); Vb.230; Vism.134; Vb-a.285 (satta˚ & sankhāra˚), Vb-a.317 (def.); Dhs-a.133.

abstr. from prec.

…Mhvs.29, Mhvs.8; Dpvs.19, 2; Mil.197 (pāsāṇa, sakkhara, khara, m.).

etym.?

…Thag.955; Snp.275; Ja.iii.103; Dhp-a.ii.70 (ati˚); Pv-a.11-opp. amukhara MN.i.470; Thag.926; Pp.35; Mil.414.

cp. Sk. mukhara; fr. mukha

talkativeness, garrulousness, noisiness Dhp-a.ii.70.

fr. mukhara

adjective bald, shaven; a shaven, (bald-headed) ascetic, either a samaṇa, or a bhikkhu or (f.) bhikkhunī SN.i.175 (m. sanghāṭi-pāruta); Vin.iv.265 (f.); Snp.p.80 (= muṇḍita-sīsa Snp-a.402)
■ *ka …

death; usually personified as Np. Death, the Evil one, the Tempter (the Buddhist Devil or Principle of Destruction) Sometimes the term māra is applied to the whole of the worldly exi …

adj. nt.

1. (adj.)
   1. (-˚) being caused by, having its reason through or from, conditioned by originating in Vb.390 (taṇhā˚ dhammā); Tikp.233 sq. Tikp.252 sq., Tikp.288 sq. & passim; Vb-a.200 sq …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

1. sign, omen, portent, prognostication DN.i.9 (study of omens = n. satthaṃ DN-a.i.92, q.v. for detailed explⁿ); Ja.i.11 (caturo nimitte nâddasaṃ); Mil.79, Mil.178 Esp. as pubba˚; signs …

oppression, suppression; destruction, cessation annihilation (of senses, consciousness, feeling being in general: sankhārā). Bdhgh’s explⁿ of the word is: “ni-saddo abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo c …

deposit (of merit or demerit), accumulation, effect (of kamma Snp.953 (= Mnd.442 abhisankhārā).

Sk. ni-saṃskṛti, ni + saṃ + kṛ.

name.

1. Literal. nom. nāmaṃ SN.i.39; Snp.808; Ja.ii.131; Mil.27; acc. nāmaṃ Pv-a.145 (likhi: he wrote her name)
   ■ nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Snp.344 Cnd.466 (n’ etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “ …

…ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkharaṇiṃ) ger. ogāhetvā MN.iii.175 (T. ogah˚; variant reading ogāhitvā); Pv-a.287 (lokanāthassa…

…ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkharaṇiṃ) ger. ogāhetvā MN.iii.175 (T. ogah˚; variant reading ogāhitvā); Pv-a.287 (lokanāthassa…

…as “khata-pokkharaṇī viya hutvā” DN-a.i.298 = Ja.v.174
■ Vin.i.236; DN.i.137; MN.i.379; AN.iv.185; Vv.65#4; Pv.iv.1#60;…

…matthaka DN-a.i.226). -sānu m
■ glen Vv.32#10 (cp. Vv-a.136) -sikhara mountain-crest…

…opening Vv-a.183; akkhara˚ breaking up of letters, word-analysis, phonology DN.i.88 (= sikkhā ca nirutti ca DN-a.i.247 = Snp-a.447) …

…is contrasted with akkhara (word), when it is said that the Majjhima Nikāya consists of 80,523 padas and 740,053 akkharas

■ Neg….

…a l. leaf Mnd.135 (= pokkhara); Dhp-a.iv.166 (= pokkhara-patta).

• -puñja a l. cluster Ja.iii.55. *…

bordering, trimming Ja.vi.223 (of a carriage).

cp. Sk. prakṣara & prakhara “ein Panzer für Pferde” BR.

…naḷo is perhaps better read ātāpe paditto), Pv-a.153 (pokkharaṇiyaṃ p.).

pp. of pakkhipati

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

“doing round,” i.e. girdle, loincloth Ja.iv.149; Dhp-a.i.352
■ In cpd. ovāda˚ it is variant reading SS at DN.i.137 for paṭikara (q.v.).

fr. pari + kṛ; a similar formation …

to surround, serve, wait upon, do service for Ja.iv.405 (= parivāreti C.); Ja.v.353 (id.), Ja.v.381 Ja.vi.592. Cp. parikara & parikkhāra.

pari + kṛ.

*Parikkharoti

lit. to do all round, i.e. to make up, equip, adorn (cp. parikaroti); pp. parikkhata² (q.v.); see also parikkhāra.

pariṣ + kṛ.

“all that belongs to anything,” make-up, adornment (so Cnd.585 bāhirā p. of the body)

1. requisite, accessory equipment, utensil, apparatus Vin.i.50, Vin.i.296 (˚colaka cloth required for water-str …

(-˚) adjective one who has the parikkhāras (of the mendicant). Usually the 8 p. are understood, but occasionally 12 are given as in the detailed enumⁿ of p. at DN-a.i.204–DN-a.i.207.

fr …

brought to an end or standstill, destroyed Ja.i.145 (˚sankhāra).

pp. of pari + maddheti, Caus. of mṛdh to neglect

one who attains Parinibbāna. Of the 2 meanings registered under parinibbāna we find No. 1 only in a very restricted use when taken in both senses of sa-and an-upādisesa parinibbāna; e.g. at AN.ii.15 …

1. surrounding, suite, retinue, followers, entourage, pomp Ja.i.151; Ja.iv.38; Ja.vi.75; Pv-a.21, Pv-a.30 (˚cāga-cetana, read pariccāga-cetana?); usually as adj.-˚ surrounded by, in company of …

…“round” Ja.i.172 (pokkharaṇiṃ)
■ In meaning “to serve, attend upon,” also “to attend upon oneself, to amuse oneself,”…

…see Cnd.625); Snp.625 (pokkhara˚ lotus l.); Dhp.401 (id.); Mnd.135 (paduma˚); Pv.ii.9#5 (= paṇṇa Pv-a.15); Vv-a.147 (tāla˚);…

…payutta 2), Pv-a.285 (sakkhara-kkhipana˚). payogaṃ karoti to exert oneself, to undertake, to try Pv-a.184 (= parakkamati).

*…

Paṭicca-samuppāda

“arising on the grounds of (a preceding cause)” happening by way of cause working of cause & effect, causal chain of causation causal genesis, dependent origination, theory of the …

1. a sort of remedy, purgative DN.i.12 osadhīnaṃ p. explained at DN-a.i.98 as “khārâdīni datvā tad-anurūpo khaṇe gate tesaṃ apanayanaṃ.” Cp Dial. 26.
2. binding, obligatory Ja.v.25 (sangaraṃ p a b …

to restore, repair, mend Vin.ii.160; AN.ii.249; Ja.iii.159 (nagaraṃ). Caus. II paṭisaṅkhārāpeti to cause to repair or build up again MN.iii.7; Ja.vi.390 (gehāni).

paṭi + saṃ + kṛ.

Piya¹

adjective dear, in two applications (as stated Mnd.133 = Cnd.444, viz dve piyā: sattā vā piyā sankhārā vā piyā, with ref. to living beings, to sensations):

1. dear, beloved (as fath …

…compressed form, heap, in akkhara˚; sequence of letters or syllables, context Dhp-a.iv.70.

• -attha condensed meaning, résumé Ja.i.233…

…+) Snp-a.359. Cp. Np. Pokkharasāti Snp.594; Snp.p.115; Snp-a.372.

cp. Vedic puṣkara, fr. pus, though a certain relation to puṣpa seems…

…only in cpd. vaṇṇa-pokkharatā beauty of complexion DN.i.114; Vin.i.268; SN.i.95 SN.ii.279; AN.i.38, AN.i.86; AN.ii.203; AN.iii.90;…

…loc. Vin.ii.123. pokkharaṇiyāyaṃ loc. AN.iii.309
■ pl. pokkharaṇiyo Vin.i.268; Vv-a.191; Pv-a.77; metric pokkharañño…

…DN-a.i.87
■ Cp. pokkharatā.

• -ābhikiṇṇa decked with flowers Vv.64#29; Pv.ii.11#2
• -ādhāna “a ledge…

*Pura

base of adv. & prep. denoting “before”; abl. purato (adv. & prep. in front of (with gen.), before (only local) Vin.i.179 Vin.ii.32; DN.ii.14 (mātu); SN.i.137; Pv.i.11#1, Pv …

to put in front, to revere, follow, honour; only in foll sporadic forms: ppr. purakkharāna holding before oneself, i.e. looking at SN.iii.9 sq.; aor. 3^rd pl. purakkharuṃ Mil.22; ger. *[ …

to honour etc. Snp.794 = Snp.803; ppr. purekkharāna Snp.844 Snp.910.

for purakkharoti, pure = Sk. puraḥ

deference, devotion, honour; usually -˚ (adj.) devoted to honouring DN.i.115; Vin.iii.130; Vin.iv.2, Vin.iv.277; Mnd.73, Mnd.214; Dhp.73 (= parivāra Dhp-a.ii.77); Vv.34#14 (attha˚ hitesin Vv-a.152) …

deference to (-˚) Dhp-a.iv.181 (attha˚).

abstr. fr. purekkhāra

(usually -˚) a heap, pile, mass, multitude Vin.ii.211; Ja.i.146 (sabba-rogānaṃ). As in foll. compounds: aṭṭhi˚ Iti.17 (+ aṭṭhikandala); kaṭṭha˚ AN.iii.408; AN.iv.72; Ja.ii.327 …

merit meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth & a future blissful state, the enjoyment (& duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accum …

…Pv.ii.12#2 Pv.iii.3#3 (pokkharaṇī bahu ˚ā); Pp.63; DN-a.i.219, DN-a.i.284 (sankho elo uppalo puṇḍarīko ti cattāro nidhayo). N of a…

…of a rock Vism.116.

• -pokkharaṇī a natural tank Vism.119.
• -phalaka a slab of stone…

emotion of joy, delight, zest exuberance. On term see Dhs. trsl. 11 and Cpd. 243 Classed under sankhārakkhandha, not vedanā˚-DN.i.37, DN.i.75; DN.iii.241, DN.iii.265, DN.iii.288; MN.i.37; SN.ii.30; …

…(˚pariggahita-pokkharaṇī); Dhp-a.iii.74 (udaka˚); Sdhp.189, Sdhp.313, Sdhp.366
■ f. rakkhasī Ja.iii.147 (r. pajā); Mhvs.12,…

…at Dhtp is given in two forms, viz. ric as “virecane” (No. 396; cp Dhtm.517 “kharaṇe,” i.e. flowing; 610 “recane”) and riñc as…

…Kern

Toevoegselen

s. v. proposes rohiñño = *rohiṇyah, (cp. pokkharaṇī for ˚iṇī) red cows.

fr. roha = rohita

…nt. delightfulness, lovely scenery MN.i.365 (four seen in a dream: ārāma˚, vana˚, bhūmi pokkharaṇī˚).

orig. grd. of rāmeti, ram, cp….

form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc.

1. Definitions. According to P. expositors rūpa takes its designation fr. ruppati, e.g. “ruppanato rūpaṃ” Vism.588; “ruppan’ a …

companion, friend;
■ nom. sakhā Ja.ii.29; Ja.ii.348;
■ acc. sakhāraṃ Ja.ii.348; Ja.v.509; sakhaṃ Ja.ii.299;
■ instr. sakhinā Ja.iv.41;
■ abl. sakhārasmā Ja.iii.534;
■ gen. *sakhino …

in loṇa˚; a piece of salt crystal Vin.i.206; Vin.ii.237.

fr. sakkharā

adjective containing gravel, pebbly, stony AN.iv.237.

= sakkharika, fr. sakkharā

1. gravel, grit Vin.iii.147 = Ja.ii.284; Ja.i.192; AN.i.253; DN.i.84; Pv.iii.2#28; Dhp-a.iv.87.
2. potsherd Vv-a.157; Pv-a.282 Pv-a.285.
3. grain, granule, crystal, in loṇa˚; a salt crystal SN.i …

1. calm, quietude of heart MN.i.33; AN.i.61, AN.i.95; AN.ii.140; AN.iii.86 sq. (ceto˚), AN.iii.116 sq., AN.iii.449; AN.iv.360; AN.v.99; DN.iii.54, DN.iii.213, DN.iii.273; Dhp-a.ii.177; SN.iv.362; Dhs …

…circumstance MN.i.438 akkhara˚ spelling Dhp-a.i.181. 6. condition, state, extent, sphere (cp. defⁿ of Bdhgh, above 9); taken…

1. concentration; a concentrated, self-collected, intent state of mind and meditation which, concomitant with right living, is a necessary condition to the attainment of higher wisdom and emancipatio …

1. continuity, duration, subsistence Dhs.643; Ne.79; Mil.72, Mil.185 Vb-a.8, Vb-a.170, Vb-a.173; Vv-a.25; Vism.431, Vism.449. citta˚ continuity of consciousness Kv.458; cp. Cpd. 6, 153^{1</ …}

Satta¹

hanging, clinging or attached to Vin.i.185; DN.ii.246; Mnd.23, Mnd.24; Dhp.342; Ja.i.376 Cp. āsatta¹ & byāsatta.

pp. of sañj: sajjati

Satta²

1. (m.) a li …

Satthaka¹

neuter a knife, scissors Vin.ii.115 (daṇḍa˚, with a handle); Ja.v.254 (as one of the 8 parikkhāras); Mil.282. aya˚; at Ja.v.338 read -paṭṭaka.

• *-[nisādana](/define/nisād …

to put together, prepare, work Pv-a.287. a-saṅkhārāna SN.i.126. Ger. saṅkharitvā SN.ii.269 (variant reading sankhāditvā, as is read at id. p. Vin.ii.201). Cp abhi˚
pp …

1. put together, compound; conditioned, produced by a combination of causes, “created,” brought about as effect of actions in former births SN.ii.26; SN.iii.56; Vin.ii.284; Iti.37, Iti.88; Ja.ii.38; N …

one of the most difficult terms in Buddhist metaphysics, in which the blending of the subjective-objective view of the world and of happening peculiar to the East, is so complete, that it is almost i …

adjective having sankhāras AN.ii.214 = Dhs.1003.

fr. sankhāra

sleeping and sitting, bed & chair, dwelling, lodging Vin.i.196, Vin.i.294, Vin.i.356; Vin.ii.146 Vin.ii.150 (˚parikkhāra-dussa); Vin.iii.88 etc.; DN.ii.77; AN.i.60; Iti.103, Iti.109; DN-a.i.208; Ja. …

…cp. ii.98) a bud Thig.382.

cp. Sk. śikhara

…wet Goth saiws = E. sea
■ Dhtp.377: kkharaṇe

…Ja.i.220; -khara very hard (-hearted) Ja.vi.508. (= suṭṭhu khara C.). -khetta a good field DN.ii.353;…

1. clean, pure, Vin.i.16; Vin.ii.152; DN.i.110; Snp.476.
2. purified, pure of heart MN.i.39; Dhp.125, Dhp.412; Snp.90
3. simple, mere, unmixed, nothing but SN.i.135; Dhs-a.72; Ja.ii.252 (˚daṇḍaka jus …

…Vism.258 = Kp-a.56 (sakkhara˚). 2. lime plaster, whitewash, cement Vin.ii.154; --kamma whitewashing coating of cement Ja.vi.432; Mhvs.38,…

adjective noun agreeable, pleasant, blest Vin.i.3; Dhp.118, Dhp.194, Dhp.331; Snp.383; paṭipadā, pleasant path, easy progress AN.ii.149 sq.; Dhs.178; kaṇṇa-s. pleasant to the ear DN.i.4; happy, pleas …

Sutta¹

asleep Vin.iii.117; Vin.v.205; DN.i.70; DN.ii.130; Dhp.47; Iti.41; Ja.v.328
■ (nt.) sleep DN.ii.95; MN.i.448; SN.iv.169. In phrase --pabuddha “awakened from sleep” referring t …

…letters, with the phonology DN.i.88; AN.i.163; Snp.p.101; Mil.10; DN-a.i.247 (akkharappabhedo ti sikkhā ca nirutti ca).

sa³ +…

name of a kind of bird Ja.vi.539 (koṭṭhapokkhara-˚, cp. 540); Snp-a.359 (id.).

…with cool water (pokkharaṇī) MN.i.76; Pv.ii.10#4; sītodika (˚iya the same Ja.iv.438.

• -bhīruka being a chilly…

to rattle, shake, clatter; to grind or gnash one’s teeth; to fizz. Usually said of people in frenzy or fury (in ppr. ˚yanto or ˚yamāna) Ja.i.347 (rosena), Ja.i.439 (kodhena); Ja.ii.277 (of a bhikkhu k …

…stony ground Pv.iv.7#5 (= kharakaṭhāna bhūmippadesa Pv-a.265).

• -sāyikā (f.) the act of lying on the bare ground (as a penance) [BSk….

…Pv-a.216 (sā ca pokkharaṇī Vesaliyā ˚mattake hoti); ˚satika 300 cubits long Ja.ii.3 -loka the 3 worlds (i.e….

…padapāripurī akkharasamavāyo etc.“ Mnd.123 = Cnd.137. The same expl^n. also for iti’ haṃ (see below iv.)

I. As…

adjective piercing, sharp acute, fierce; always & only with ref. to pains, esp pains suffered in Niraya. In full combinations sarīrikā vedanā dukkhā tippā kharā MN.i.10; AN.ii.116, AN.ii.143, AN.ii.15 …

1. uttered, let out Pv-a.280 (akkharāni).
2. lifted, raised Thag-a.255.

pp. of uccāreti

adjective serviceable, helping, effective Ja.v.99; Vism.534
■ f. upakārikā

1. benefactress helper Ja.iii.437.
2. fortification (strengthening of the defence) on a city wall D …

calm, quiet, appeasement, allaying, assuagement, tranquillizing Vin.i.10; SN.iv.331 = SN.v.421 (in freq. phrase upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati; see nibbāna ii …

…in stock phrase “yena (Pokkharasādissa parivesanā) ten’ upasankami, upasankamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi”, e.g. Vin.i.270; DN.i.109;…

˚- speech, words; rare by itself (and in this case re-established from compounds and poetical, as at Snp.472 (yassa vacī kharā; explained at Snp-a.409 by “vācā”), Snp.973 (cudito vacīhi = vācāhi Sn …

…Mhvs.31; Dhp-a.iii.163 (pokkhara˚ portentous); Snp-a.224 (mahā˚ deluge of rain); Pv-a.55 (vāta˚ wind & rain)
■ fig. shower, downpour…

Vaya¹ & vayo

neuter age, especially young age, prime, youth; meaning “old age” when characterized as such or contrasted to youth (the ord. term for old age being jarā). …

…vā sāmo vā). Cp. -pokkharatā. In special sense applied as distinguishing mark of race or species, thus also constituting a mark of class…

Name of one of the 9 angas (see nava) or divisions of the Canon according to matter AN.ii.7, AN.ii.103, AN.ii.178; AN.iii.88, AN.iii.107, AN.iii.361 sq.; AN.iv.113; Vin.iii.8 Pp.43; …

…Dhp-a.i.49 (˚pokkharaṇī), Dhp-a.i.416; Mhvs.19, Mhvs.77; Pv-a.12, Pv-a.20, Pv-a.54, Pv-a.67, Pv-a.141, Pv-a.151; and passim….

…on p. 250 = 337 “vāri pokkhara-patte vikirati vidhamati viddhaṃsati”: the water scatters, drops falls off; applied figuratively to bad…

1. absence of rāga, dispassionateness, indifference towards (abl. or loc.) disgust, absence of desire, destruction of passions; waning, fading away cleansing, purifying; emancipation, Arahantship. DN. …

divestment of all material things Dhp.154 (= nibbāna Dhp-a.iii.129). See sankhāra 3.

vi + sankhāra

Vividha¹

adjective divers, manifold, mixed; full of, gay with (-˚) DN.ii.354; Pv.ii.4#9; Vv.35#9; Mil.319 Mhvs.25, Mhvs.30; Snp-a.136 (in explⁿ of vi˚: “viharati vividhaṃ hita …

striving, endeavour, undertaking Snp.953 (explained as the 3 abhisankhāras, viz puñña˚, apuñña˚ & āneñja˚ at Mnd.442).

vi + ārambha

(as special term in Buddhist metaphysics) a mental quality as a constituent of individuality, the bearer of (individual) life, life-force (as extending also over rebirths), principle of conscious lif …

…Snp.457 (catu-vīsat’akkharaṃ); Ja.i.89 (˚sahassa bhikkhū); Ja.iii.360; Vb-a.191 sq.; Dhp-a.i.4 (ekūna˚, 19); Dhp-a.ii.9,…

…Snp.457 (catu-vīsat’akkharaṃ); Ja.i.89 (˚sahassa bhikkhū); Ja.iii.360; Vb-a.191 sq.; Dhp-a.i.4 (ekūna˚, 19); Dhp-a.ii.9,…

1. allaying, relief, suppression, mastery, cessation calmness SN.iii.32; SN.iv.217; SN.v.65 (cetaso); DN.ii.157 (sankhārā); AN.i.4 (id.); AN.ii.162 (papañca˚); AN.v.72; Pp.69; Ja.i.392; Dhs-a.403.
2. …

…Snp-a.302), also as Khara-loma “Rough-hair” Vism.208; Khara- dāṭhika “Rough-tooth” Ja.i.31. Citta “Speckled” Mhvs.9…

…go, impel, hurl Ja.i.418 (sakkharaṃ anguliyā yantetvā); pp. yantita.

denom. fr. yanta. Dhtm.809 gives a root yant in…

1. a brahmanic sacrifice.
2. alms-giving charity, a gift to the Sangha or a bhikkhu.

The brahmanic ritual of Vedic times has been given a changed and deeper meaning. Buddhism has discarded the outwa …

…oṭṭha˚; (camel-?), khara˚ (donkey-). Cp. Mil.276
■ yāna is one of the requisites (carriage or other means of…

1. originally raw meat; hence prevailing notion of “raw unprepared, uncultivated”; thus -khāra raw lye Vin.i.206.
2. “fleshy, of the flesh” (as opposed to mind or spirit), hence material, physical; …

and Ānañja immovability, imperturbability, impassibility. The word is n. but occurs as adj. at Vin.iii.109 (ānañja samādhi, with which cp. BSk. ānijyā śāntiḥ at Avs.i.199
■ T …

at Ja.vi.17 is C. reading for apatacchika in khārāpat˚; (q.v.).

…(khettaṃ), Ja.i.170 (pokkharaṇiṃ) DN-a.i.245 (nagaraṃ bahi avijjhitvā round the outer circle of the town). Ordinarily = go round (acc.)…

…(khettaṃ), Ja.i.170 (pokkharaṇiṃ) DN-a.i.245 (nagaraṃ bahi avijjhitvā round the outer circle of the town). Ordinarily = go round (acc.)…

…(khettaṃ), Ja.i.170 (pokkharaṇiṃ) DN-a.i.245 (nagaraṃ bahi avijjhitvā round the outer circle of the town). Ordinarily = go round (acc.)…

life, vitality, duration of life, longevity DN.iii.68, DN.iii.69, DN.iii.73, DN.iii.77; SN.iii.143 (usmā ca); SN.iv.294; AN.i.155; AN.ii.63, AN.ii.66 (addh˚); AN.iii.47, AN.iv.76, AN.iv.139; Snp.694, …

salt-ground; saline substance, always comb^d. with khāra SN.iii.131 (˚gandha); AN.i.209.

Sk. ūṣa