(-kāra) the letter or sound m Ja.iii.273 (sandhi-vasena vutta put in for the sake of euphony); Ja.v.375 (ma-kāro sandhikaro); Kp-a.155, Kp-a.224; Snp-a.181, Snp-a.383, Snp-a.404.

…short form of māsa, direct derⁿ fr. mā: see mināti

One of the Cloud-group of devas. They are embodied in the thunder clouds (cumulus clouds), and when they wish to revel and delight themselves, thunder clouds make their appearance in the sky. SN.iii.256

…having discovered Jīvaka Komārabhacca lying on a dung-heap (cast there by the orders of his mother, the courtesan Sālavatī), and having…

A Therī. Two verses attributed to her are found in the Therigatha. Thig.33–34

Abhibhū¹

Chief disciple of Sikhī Buddha. DN.ii.9 In the Aruṇavatī Sutta it is said that he went with Sikhī to a Brahma-world and, at the Buddha’s request, preached a sermon to the accompa …

Three verses ascribed to Abhibhūta occur in the Theragāthā, addressd to his kinsmen and retainers. Thag.255–257 The second of these verses is elsewhere SN.i.156 attributed to Abhibhū, chief disciple o …

AbhiñjikaAbhijikaĀbhiñjika

A student of Anuruddha. On one occasion when the Buddha asks Mahā Kassapa to preach to the monks, the latter reports that it is impossible to talk to them because monks lik …

A class of devas mentioned among those assembled on the occasion of the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

One of the Pacceka Buddhas in a nominal list. MN.iii.70

Acelakassapa¹AcelaKassapa

A naked ascetic. He visited the Buddha at Ujuññā in the Kaṇṇa-katthala deer-park and asked him if it were true that he disparaged all penance and reviled asceti …

…rivers flowing from the Himālaya eastwards (pācīnaninnā) SN.v.39 into the sea. During the hot season it ran dry, leaving a bed of sand….

A prostitute in Rājagaha who entered the Order of the bhikkhunis. Wishing to obtain the higher ordination from the Buddha, she set out for Sāvatthī, but was waylaid and stopped by libertines. So she s …

…the Tevijja Sutta. DN.i.237 They teach a state of union with Brahmā. These are evidently Adhvaryu brahmins.

A brahmin of Khemavatī, father of the Buddha Kakusandha. His wife was named Visākhā. DN.ii.7

Aggāḷave CetiyeAggālavacetiya

The chief shrine at Āḷavī, originally a pagan place of worship, but later converted into a Buddhist vihāra. The Buddha stopped here on many occasions during his wander …

…DN.ii.267

The Brahmā Sutta SN.v.167 and the Magga Sutta, SN.v.185 both on the four satipaṭṭhāna, and another Brahmā Sutta…

Ajita¹

A monk. He devoted his time to explaining the Pātimokkha rules to the monks. At the time of the Second Council he was a monk of ten years’ standing and was appointed to assign seats …

AjitakesakambalaKesakambalaAjita

Head of one of the six heretical sects mentioned in the Pitakas as being contemporaneous with the Buddha. He is described as a Titthaka (non-Buddhist teacher), leade …

…asked by him form the Ajitamāṇavapucchā of the Parāyana Vagga of the Sutta Nipāta. Snp.1221–1228

A verse attributed to Ajita-māṇava…

A monk whose Theragāthā verse describes understanding the Dhamma as like drawing oneself from water to dry land. Thag.88

…to Abhayarājakumāra. He murdered his father to gain the throne, and conspired with Devadatta to kill the Buddha, but was later…

A class of devas, living in the highest of the five Suddhāvasā (Pure Abodes). DN.iii.237

In the Mahāpadāna Sutta DN.ii.52f. the Buddha mentions that he visited their abode and conversed with beings …

A country near Māgadha, perhaps near Vethadīpaka. When the Bulis of Allakappa heard of the Buddha’s death, they sent messengers to the Mallas…

A grove in Cātumā where the Buddha preached the Kūṭadanta Sutta.

27.576667,83.0547223park

One of the villages near Vesāli visited by the Buddha on his last tour D.ii.123. It was between Bhandagāma and Bhoganagara, on the road from Vesāli to Kusināra. This was evidently the road which led f …

…brahmin village Khāṇumata. The Buddha went there during one of his tours through Māgadha. On this occasion was preached the Kūṭadanta…

The grove presented by Ambapālī to the Buddha and the Order. It was in Vesāli and was given to the Buddha during his last tour in that town, at the conclusion of the meal to which Ambapālī had invited …

AmbapālīAmbapālikā

A courtesan of Vesāli. She became a devout follower of the Buddha, and building a vihāra in her own garden, gave it to him and the Order. This was during the Buddha’s last visit …

A brahmin village in Māgadha to the east of Rājagaha.

To the north of the village was the Vediyaka mountain, in which was the Indasālaguhā,…

AmbatitthaAmbatitthāAmbatiṭṭha

A village in the Cetiya country near Bhaddavatikā. When the Buddha was on tour near there he was repeatedly warned by the cowherds not to go to Ambatiṭṭha as in the Jaṭ …

AmbaṭṭhaAmbaṭṭhamāṇava

A brahmin youth of the Ambaṭṭha clan who lived with his teacher, Pokkharasādi, at Ukkaṭṭha. He was…

AmbāṭakavanaAmbālavana

A grove at Macchikāsaṇḍa, belonging to Cittagahapati. It became the residence of large numbers of monks, and discussions often took place there between Cittagahapati and the re …

A village in the Māgadha country, three gāvuta from Rājagaha. Between it and Rājagaha is the river Sappinī, which rises in the Gijjhakūṭa….

…a special kind of samādhi where he realised that bhavanirodha was nibbāna.

The Vammika Sutta MN.i.143ff. was the result of…

A class of devas mentioned as having been present on the occasion of the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.160

A well-known paribbājaka who lived in the Paribbājakārāma on the banks of the River Sappinī near Rājagaha. He is mentioned as staying with the well-known paribbājakas, Varadhara and Sakuludāyi. …

Daughter of the Treasurer Majjha of Sāketa. She was so called (’Peerless“) because of her beauty. When she grew up, all sorts of eminent men sought her hand with rich gifts, but she was unwilling to m …

A semi-mythical lake, said to be in the Himalayas. Thag.430

Himalaya5lake

An eminent wandering ascetic. He is mentioned as living in the Paribbājakārāma in the Moranivāpa in Veḷuvana near Rājagaha. He was probably one of the company who was with Sakuludāyi when the Buddha c …

A township in the Malla country to the east of Kapilavatthu. Large numbers of Sākiyan princes joined the Order there, including Bhaddiya, Anuruddha, Ānanda, Bhagu, Kimbila, Devadatta and their barber, …

First cousin of the Buddha and one of his most eminent disciples. He was the son of the Sākyan Amitodana and brother of Mahānāma. When members of other Sākyan families had joined the Order of their di …

An Elder. Once when he was staying in a forest hut in the Mahāvana in Vesāli, near to where the Buddha was, certain wandering ascetics came to him and asked him whether or not a Tathāgata exists after …

…fell on the park of Jetakumāra. He bought the park at great expense and erected therein the famous Jetavanārāma. As a result of this and of…

A monk whose verses are recorded in the Theragāthā. Thag.213–214

A class of devas of the Rupaloka belonging to the plane of third jhāna.

Beings are born there who are possessed of faith, virtue, learning, munificence and wisdom. MN.iii.102

A class of devas of the Rūpaloka, belonging to the plane of second jhāna.

Beings are born there who have absorbed the idea of boundless brilliancy, MN.iii.147 or who are possessed of faith, virtue, …

The Bodhisatta, born as a brahmin teacher. In the Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.iv.136–138 we are told that among Araka’s pupils those who followed his teachings were born in the Brahma-world, while the others …

A brahmin teacher of a past age, given in a list of six teachers, who were purohitas. AN.iii.373 The others were Sunetta, Mūgapakkha, Kuddālaka, Hatthipāla and Jotipāla. In the Aṅguttara AN.iv.135f. …

One of the three daughters of Māra, the others being Taṇhā and Ragā. Seeing their father disconsolate after his repeated attempts to foil…

…Kāliṅga°, Mejjha°, and Mātaṅga°. MN.i.378 They had once been the sites of very populous and prosperous kingdoms, but had later been…

Ariṭṭha¹

A monk. He had been subjected by the Saṅgha to the ukkhepanīyakamma for refusal to renounce a sinful doctrine, namely, that the states of mind declared by the Buddha to be stumb …

A class of devas who were present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta.

They were like azure flowers in hue (ummāpupphanibhāsino). DN.ii.260

…Ākoṭaka, Vetambarī and Mānava-Gāmiya.

They were disciples of different teachers and, standing before the Buddha, each uttered the praises…

A class of devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. They are mentioned together with the Yama twins. DN.ii.259

A headman (gāmani). He came to the Buddha in the Pārileyyaka Mango Grove in Nāḷandā and asked him various questions, recorded in the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.iv.312ff. One of these related to the custo …

One of the tortures of purgatory. In the distance the grove appears as a mango grove, and when the inhabitants of purgatory enter, wishing to eat the mangoes, leaves which are sharp like swords fall o …

Asita¹KaṇhāsiriKāladevala

An ascetic who possessed various psychic powers. Once, while in Tāvatiṃsā heaven, he saw the whole city decked with splendour and the gods engaged in great rejoic …

…teaching:

“ye dhammā hetuppabhavā tesam hetum Tathāgato āha tesañ ca yo nirodho, evaṃvādī Mahāsamano.”

Sāriputta…

The followers of Assaji and Punabbasu. They lived in Kīṭāgiri, between Sāvatthī and Ālavi, and were guilty of various evil practices. They used to grow flowers, make wreaths and garlands, and send the …

The country of Assaka is one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv.260 It does not, however; occur in the list of twelve countries given in …

A young brahmin, sixteen years old, of Sāvatthī, very learned in the Vedas and allied subjects. Five hundred brahmins staying in the city asked him to hold a discussion with the Buddha and refute his …

A city in the kingdom of Aṅga. It was here that the Mahā Assapura and Cūḷa Assapura Suttas were preached by the Buddha. MN.i.271ff. MN.i.281ff.

Aṅga3town

A tribe of Nāgas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

Probably a nickname for the horse-trainer whose visit to the Buddha is recorded in the Assa Sutta. He is described as a gāmani (head man of a village). SN.iv.310

In Pali Literature the Asuras are classed among the inferior deities together with the supaṇṇas, gandhabbas, yakkhas, garuḍas and nāgas. Rebirth as an Asura is considered as one of the four …

Given in the Pācittiya rules’ as an example of a low name (hīnanāma). Vin.iv.6ff.

…of the Vindhaya Mountains and north-east of Bombay, roughly corresponding to modern Mālwa, Nimār and adjoining parts of the Central…

King of Madhurā. He once went in royal state to visit Mahā Kaccāna who was staying in the Gundā Grove in Madhurā.

Their discussion is recorded in the Madhura Sutta. MN.ii.83–90

It is said that after …

AyujjhāAyojjhā

Two visits of the Buddha to this city are recorded in the Canon; on one occasion he preached the Phena Sutta SN.iii.140ff. and on the other the Dārukkhandha Sutta, although the latte …

…him on the use of samādhi. AN.iv.427–428

There Sujātā met the Buddha, and having listened to his discourse became an arahant….

He dwelt in the Añjanavana in a small hut, and there he became Awakened. Thag.55

AññātakoṇḍaññaKoṇḍañña

One of the five ascetics known as the Pañcavaggiyā. When, after the Enlightenment, the Buddha visited them at Isipatana and preached the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, Koṇḍañña w …

…was to the east of Māgadha, from which it was separated by the River Campā, and had as its capital city Campā. Another city mentioned…

…and constitute the Aṅgulimāla Paritta.

In the Aṅgulimāla Sutta he is addressed by Pasenadi as Gagga Mantānīputta, his father being a…

A country north of the river Mahī, evidently a part of Aṅga on the other side of that river .

It was here, in the village Āpaṇa, that the Buddha was staying when the Jaṭila Keṇiya came to see him; he …

Aṅgīrasi¹

A term of affection (Radiant One) used by Pañcasikha in addressing Suriyavaccasā. DN.ii.265

Aṅgīrasa²

One of the ten ancient seers who conducted great sacrifices and …

Aṭṭhaka¹

A celebrated sage, composer and reciter of sacred runes, mentioned together with nine others (Vāmaka, Vāmadeva, Vessāmitta, Yamataggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha and Bhagu), V …

A city from which came the householder Dasama who, while on a visit to Pāṭaliputta on business, went to see Ānanda at Beluvagāma and questioned him. MN.i.349f. AN.v.342–347

4town

Pacceka Buddha, one of the names given in a list of such. MN.iii.70

A park about three miles from Kosambī SN.iii.126 where Khemaka stayed during his illness. Rāhula spent a whole night in the Buddha’s toilet at the Badarikārāma because he was unwilling to violate the …

Mahā Kassapa says that while yet a “learner” he paid homage to the Buddha at a Bahuputtaka-nigrodha where the Buddha had gone to meet him. The Buddha taught him of the training to be followed and, pr …

A Brahmā. When the Buddha was once staying at Ukkaṭṭha in the Subhagavana, he read the thoughts of Baka, who had conceived the idea that this…

BakkulaBākulaVakkula

At the age of eighty, Bakkula heard the Buddha preach and left the world. For seven days he remained unenlightened, but on the dawn of the eighth day he became an arahant. Later, …

…Buddha. DN.i.7

5townBandhumatī²

Wife of King Bandhumā and mother of Vipassī Buddha. DN.i.7

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of not wanting to drink poison after tasting the Dhamma. Thag.103

…When he needed food, after samāpatti he would sprinkle water on the rice and eat it instead of going for alms. When this was reported to the…

BeluvaBeluvagāmaVeluvaVeluvagāma

A village near Vesāli, where the Buddha spent his last vassa.

It was at this time that the Buddha, in answer to a question by Ānanda, said that he had kept nothing b …

Bhadda¹

A lay disciple of Nādikā who, the Buddha declared, had destroyed the five lower fetters and had been born in the highest deva worlds, thence to pass away entirely. DN.ii.92

Bhadda …

A market town near Kosambī. The Buddha went there and was warned by cowherds and others not to approach Ambatiṭṭha as a fierce Nāga dwelt there. Sāgata Thera, hearing this, went to Ambatiṭṭha and subd …

A group of thirty young men, converted by the Buddha.

They had gone picnicking with their wives in a forest glade between Bārāṇasi and Uruvelā. One of them had no wife, and for him they found a court …

Bhaddiya¹

An anāgāmī, one of seven persons who became arahants as soon as they were born in Avihā. SN.i.35 SN.i.60

Bhaddiya²Kāligodhāputta

Chief among monks of aristocratic …

…wandering about in Aṅga, Māgadha, Kāsi and Kosala, living on the people’s alms.

Bhaddā⁴Suriyavaccasā

Daughter of the…

A headman of Uruvelakappa and father of Ciravāsi. SN.iv.327

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of going forth out of faith and attaining the Dhamma. Thig.9

…answered the Buddha, for Māra follows the man who clings to things.

This question and answer are contained in the…

…addresses Ghaṭīkāra Brahmā as “Bhaggava”; he had been a potter of Vehaliṅga in his previous birth and the name “Ghaṭīkāra”…

…Moggallāna was attacked by Māra entering into his stomach, MN.i.332 and it was there that he preached the Anumāna Sutta. MN.i.95

between…

Bhagu¹

A famous sage of old. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 DN.i.238 DN.i.243 MN.ii.169 MN.ii.200 AN.iii.224 AN.iv.61

Bhagu²

He was born in a Sākiyan family, and having left the world wit …

…Theragāthā Thag.7 contains a verse spoken by Bhallika when Māra tried to frighten him by assuming a hideous form.

A recluse, once a co-disciple of the Buddha in the holy life. Once, when the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu and wanted lodging for the night, Mahānāma suggested that he should go to the hermitage of Bha …

A seaport in the country of Bharu. It is identical with Barygaza of Ptolemy and the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea. Bharukaccha is the modern Broach in Kathiawar. The people of Bharukaccha are called B …

The word occurs in the compound Ukkalā-Vassa-Bhaññā, SN.iii.73 MN.iii.78 AN.ii.31 a group described as ahetuvādā, akiriyavādā, natthikavāda, but who, nevertheless, agreed that the khandhas m …

A Vajjian village between Vesāli and Hatthigāma and near the former.

The Buddha visited it during his last tour, and while there he talked to the monks on four conditions, which lead to Nibbāna. DN.i …

…was while staying in this grove that Mahā Moggallāna was molested by Māra and he preached the Māratajjanīya Sutta. MN.i.332

BhiyyasaBhīya

One of the two chief disciples of Koṇāgamana Buddha. DN.ii.5

BhoganagaraBhogaBhogagāmanagara

A village in the Vajji country, where the Buddha stayed on his last journey, in the Ānanda cetiya, and where he preached a sermon on the four “Great References”. DN.ii …

One of the Chabbaggiyā. His followers were called Bhummajakā.

A class of devas, earth bound deities. They belong to the lowest category of devas. AN.iv.119

…threshing floor in Atumā where the Buddha stayed on his visit there. Vin.i.249

Once while he was meditating there, a thunderstorm broke out…

…gotta living at Kammāssadhamma. The Buddha once stayed there and slept on a mat in his fire hut, and there he met the wanderer…

BimbisāraSeniya

King of Māgadha and patron of the Buddha.

According to the Pabbajā Sutta Snp.405ff. the first meeting between the Buddha and…

An eminent laywoman, follower of the Buddha. AN.iv.347

…recorded in the Bodhirājakumāra Sutta.

Bodhi was the son of Udena, king of Kosambi, and his mother was the daughter of Candappajjota. Bodhi was…

BojjhāBocchā

An eminent laywoman. The Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.iv.259 AN.iv.347 records a visit paid by her to the Buddha at Jetavana. The Buddha then preached to her on the uposatha and the advantages …

Brahmadatta¹

King of Kāsi. He captured Kosala and murdered its king Dīghiti and Dīghiti’s wife, but made peace later with Dīghiti’s son, Dīghāvu, restored to him his father’s kingdom, and …

…in due course, arrived at his mother’s house. She was in the habit of making an oblation to Brahmā, but, on that day, Sahampati appeared before…

The highest of the celestial worlds, the abode of the Brahmas.

5heaven

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of how even the gods envy one such as he, with senses tamed. Thag.205–206

…discourse. Brahmāyu invited the Buddha and his monks to his house, where he entertained them for a week. His death occurred not long…

BuddhaBhagavāTathāgataSiddhatthaGotamaSugataSatthā

The Awakened one, the founder and teacher of the Buddha-dhamma. His personal name was Siddhattha Gotama, and he was a Khattiya of the Sakiyan clan. …

Bāhiya¹Dārucīriya

As an ascetic, he came himself to believe that he had attained arahantship, but a devatā, reading his thoughts and wishing him well, pointed out to him his error and ad …

A holy river where men bathe in order to expiate their sins. MN.i.39

4river

A monk who is said to have asked the Buddha, while on the banks of the Gaggarā Lake in Campā, about the conditions from which the Tathāgata is released and emancipated. The Buddha enumerated ten such. …

Bālakaloṇakāra BākalonakārāgamaBālakalonakārāma

A locality near Kosambī.

When the monks of Kosambī started quarrelling, the Buddha left them and went to Bālakalonakārāma, where he visited Bhagu and …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

…Alaka, Patiṭṭhāna, Māhissati, Ujjeni, Gonaddha, Vedisa, Vanasavhya (or Tumbava, v.l. Vanasāvatthi), Kosambī, Sāketa and Sāvatthī;…

…was called Bījaka, and so Sudinna came to be called Bījakapitā and the mother Bījakamātā. Both Bījaka and his mother later left the world…

The Wheel Treasure that is one of the seven treasures of a Wheel Turning Monarch (cakkavatti). The Cakkaratana is the Cakkavatti’s chief symbol of office; on its appearance before him, he sprinkles …

A World ruler. The world itself means “Turner of the Wheel,” the Wheel (Cakka) being the well known Indian symbol of empire. More than one thousand sons are his; his dominions extend throughout the …

…to Bimbisāra, as king of Māgadha, and Bimbisāra had given a royal fief in Campā to the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa. DN.i.111

The ninth chapter…

Candana¹

A deva, vassal of the Four Regent Gods. DN.ii.258 He is mentioned as one of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in case of need. DN.iii.204 He once visited …

…is said that once, when Candimā was seized by Rāhu Asurinda, he invoked the Buddha in a verse and the Buddha asked Rāhu to set him at liberty,…

A great brahmin, contemporary of the Buddha, reputed for his great learning and highly esteemed in brahmin gatherings—e.g., at Icchānaṅgala Snp.p.115 and at Manasākaṭa. DN.i.235

He is mentioned toget …

A headman of Sāvatthī. He came to see the Buddha at Jetavana and asked him why some people earned the reputation of being wrathful and others of being kindly. The Buddha explained that the one man giv …

King of Avanti in the time of the Buddha. His name was Pajjota, the sobriquet being added on account of his violent temper.

Once, when ill with jaundice, he asked Bimbisāra to lend him the services o …

CetiyaCetiCetīCedi

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 probably identical with Cedi of the older documents. The people of Ceti settled near the Yamunā, to the east, in the neighbourhood of and …

A group of six monks, contemporary with the Buddha, frequently mentioned as being guilty of various Vinaya offences. Vin.i.84f. Vin.i.104 Vin.i.106 Vin.i.111 Vin.i.113 Vin.i.114 Vin.i.138 Vin.i.160 …

One of the seven great lakes of the Himālaya region. AN.iv.101

Himalaya3lake

Channa¹

A Wanderer, classed among those who wore clothes. He is only mentioned once, in the Aṅguttara Nikāya, AN.iii.215 where we are told that he visited Ānanda at Sāvatthī and asked him …

Citta¹

A householder of Macchikāsaṇḍa, where he was Treasurer. He was later declared by the Buddha to be pre-eminent among laymen who preached the Doctrine. AN.i.26

When Mahānāma visited …

A Gandhabba present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258 He is elsewhere DN.iii.204 mentioned as a Yakkha chieftain who should be invoked by the Buddha’s followers when troubled by evil spirits.

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

A village near the Cālikapabbata visited by the Buddha. His attendant on one of these visits was Meghiya. Close to Cālikā was the village of Jantu where Meghiya went for alms. In the neighbourhood was …

…SN.i.132 that one day, when Cālā was meditating in the Andhavana, Māra visited her, asking her various questions and trying to tempt…

…to accede to the request of Māra that he should die. When he announced this decision the earth shook. DN.ii.102ff. AN.iv.308f. SN.v.260f.…

A Sākiyan village containing a mote-hall; near it was the Amalakīvana where the Buddha once stayed and preached the Cātuma Sutta. MN.i.456f.

27.576667, 83.0547222town

The inhabitants of Cātuma. MN.i.457

The inhabitants of the lowest deva world. his world derives its name from the Four Great Kings (Cattāro Mahārājāno) who dwell there as guardians of the four quarters: Dhataraṭṭha of the East, Virūḷh …

…in the phrase Komudi Cātumāsini, probably referring to the Cātumāsya festival which is performed in the month of Kattika, Komudi being the…

An eminent arahant, declared chief among monks skilled in creating forms by mind-power and in mental “evolution” (cetovivaṭṭa). AN.i.23

His Theragathā verses speak of how slow his progress was in …

An arahant. With the Buddha’s sanction, and wishing to be of service to the Order, he took upon himself the task of appointing night’s-lodgings to travelling monks and of directing them to meals. He …

…his periodical tours through Māgadha, residing in the Dakkhiṇāgiri monastery in Ekanālā.SN.i.172 Vin.i.80 It was during one of these tours…

In the old Pāḷi literature the name Dakkhiṇāpatha would seem to indicate only a remote settlement or colony on the banks of the upper Godāvarī. Thus, we are told that Bāvarī had his hermitage in Dakkh …

…account, become a pārājika. But the value of the turban was less than five māsakas and the pupil was saved from a pārājika offence….

One day, during her meditation on Gijjhakūṭa, she saw how a well tamed elephant obeyed its master’s commands, and developing insight on this theme, she became an arahant. Thig.48–50

A householder of Aṭṭhakanāgara. One day, having finished some business which took him to Pāṭaliputta, he visited the Kukkuṭārāma to call upon Ānanda. Learning that Ānanda was at Beluvagāma near Vesāli …

A township (nigama) of the Sākiyans. The Buddha stayed there during his tours and preached to the monks on various topics S.iii.5f; S.iv.124f; M.ii.214.

27.523572,83.5113725town

A monk, a close relative of the Buddha, who split the Sangha, and attempted to overthrow the Buddha and have him murdered. In one passage in the Vinaya, Vin.ii.189 Devadatta is spoken of as Godhiputta …

A brahmin of Sāvatthī. Once when the Buddha was ill with cramp and desired hot water Upavāna obtained from Devahita hot water and molasses, which he sent on a pingo by a serving man. Hot fomentations …

A pool near Kosambī. Close by was the Pilakkhaguhā and the Paribbājakārāma, where Ānanda once visited Sandaka and held a discussion with him. MN.i.513

25.321684,81.3180543lake

Dhamma¹

The palace built by Vissakamma for Mahāsudassana, by order of Sakka. DN.ii.180ff.

5buildingDhamma²

The lake in front of the palace mentioned above. DN.ii.184.

5lake

An eminent Therī, ranked foremost among nuns who possessed the gift of preaching. AN.i.25 Her Therīgāthā verse says that one without attachment is bound upstream. Thig.12 In Rājagaha her former husban …

Dhammapāla

A monk whose Theragāthā verses praise the young monk who by virtue of his practice is awake while the world sleeps. Thag.203–204

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of going forth and attaining the three knowledges. Thag.107

Dhammasava-pitā

Father of Dhammasava. He was one hundred and twenty years old when he went forth. Thag.108

Dhammā

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verse tells of how one day, while returning from her alms round, she slipped and fell. Meditating on this,…

A brahmin lady, mother of Kassapa Buddha. Her husband was Brahmadatta. DN.ii.7

Dhaniya¹Dhanika

A herdsman living on the bank of the river Mahī. One day, while he was in this house, having finished his preparations for the approach of the rains, he sat meditating on h …

Dhataraṭṭha¹

One of the Cātummahārājikā, the ruler of the Eastern Quarter. His followers are the Gandhabbas. He has numerous sons called Indra.DN.ii.207 DN.ii.220 DN.ii.257f. DN.iii.197 …

…occasion, and the answers given, are found in the Dhotakamāṇavapucchā. Snp.p.204f.

…verse speaks of how the heroic one overcomes Māra. Thig.7

A slave-woman of Okkāka. She was the mother of Kaṇha, ancestor of the Kaṇhāyanā-gotta. DN.i.93

A brahmin. He was at Kusinārā at the time of the Buddha’s death, and it was his intervention which prevented a quarrel among the kings who assembled there to claim the Buddha’s relics. He pointed out …

A devaputta who visits the Buddha at Jetavana and tells him that an arahant has to work hard for nothing. The Buddha points out to him that there is nothing left for an arahant to do. SN.i.47

A class of Asuras, present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.259

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that one who eats much and is lazy will keep being reborn. Thag.17

Perhaps it is this same Dāsaka who is mentioned in the Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.iii.127ff. as having …

Nephew of Bandhula, commander-in-chief of Pasenadi. After Bandhula’s death, Dīgha was appointed in his place and accompanied the king. Once, during their travels, they came to Nangaraka and, hearing …

DīghāyuDīghāvu

Son of Dīghīti, king of Kosala. After his parents had been cruelly murdered by Brahmadatta, king of Kāsi, he became the attendant of this kind; in order to avenge their death, but when …

DīghītiDīghati

A king of Kosala. His kingdom was captured by Brahmadatta, king of Kāsi, and he and his wife fled to Benares, where they lived in disguise in the house of a potter. His wife bore a son …

Name of Māra in the time of Kakusandha Buddha. He was, in that birth, son of Kāḷī, sister of Moggallāna. He first incited the brahmin…

EkadhammasavanīyaEkadhammasavaniyaEkadhammika

A monk whose verse is found in the Theragāthā. Thag.67

Ekapuṇḍarīka¹

A monastery of the wanderers, the residence of Vacchagotta. MN.i.481f. It was near the Kūṭāgārasālā in the Mahāvana of Vesāli. The Buddha went there to see Vacchagotta, and …

…laity were listening to him, Māra, thinking to darken their intelligence, suggested to him that he should not teach others. The Buddha refuted the…

A royal family of Nāgas, mentioned together with Virūpakkhas, Chabbyāputtas, and Kaṇhāgotamakas. For their own protection, monks are advised to fill their hearts with amity for these four classes of N …

In the Dhammika Sutta. Snp.379 Erāvaṇa is mentioned among the devas who visited the Buddha to pay him homage. He is also mentioned among the Nāgas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

A brahmin who visits the Buddha at Jetavana and asks him various questions on castes and their distinctions, from the point of view of their functions. The Buddha replies that birth’s invidious bar ha …

A rājā, probably of Māgadha. He was a devout follower of Uddaka-Rāmaputta. In his retinue were Yamaka, Moggalla, Ugga, Nāvindakī, Gandhabba,…

A town on the river Eṇi. One of Baka’s good deeds which brought him rebirth in the Brahma-world was that of having set free the inhabitants when the village was raided. SN.i.143

4town

…brahmin, father of Aṅgulimāla. MN.ii.102 Gagga may have been a gotta-name. Thus when, after his ordination, Aṅgulimāla is introduced to…

GajaṅgalaKajaṅgalaKajaṅgalā

A township which formed the eastern boundary of the Middle Country. Beyond it was Mahāsālā. Vin.i.197 Once when the Buddha was staying in the Veḷuvana at Kajangala, the la …

An attendant of King Eḷeyya and a follower of Uddaka Rāmaputta. AN.ii.180

…Sakka’s charioteer Mātali, Cittasena, Naḷa and Janesabha.

The Gandhabbas are sometimes described as going through the air. AN.ii.39 In…

A town in India. It lay on the road between the Bodhi-tree and Benares. It was between the Bodhimanda and Gayā that the Buddha, on his way to Isipatana, met Upaka. Vin.i.8

The Buddha stayed at Gayā …

A hill near Gayā. Here the Buddha came from Uruvelā after converting the Tebhātika-Jaṭilā (the three Kassapa ascetics), and here he lived with one thousand monks. On this occasion of his coming he ta …

Gaṇaka-Moggallāna

A brahmin teacher of Sāvatthī. He visited the Buddha at the Pubbārāma, and the Buddha preached to him the Gaṇaka-Moggallāna Sutta, after which, it is said, he became the Buddha’s …

A Sākiyan of Kapilavatthu, who built a monastery attached to the Nigrodhārāma. There the Mahā Suññatā Sutta was preached. MN.iii.110

In the time of Kassapa Buddha he was a potter of Vehaliṅga, looking after his blind parents. He was a very pious and devoted follower of the Buddha, ministering to him better than anyone else, and the …

…on Gijjhakūṭa—e.g., the Māgha, Dhammika and Chaḷabhijāti Suttas, the discourse on the seven Aparihānīyadhammā, AN.iv.21f. the…

A festival held from time to time in Rājagaha. According to the Vinaya accounts Vin.ii.107f. Vin.ii.150 Vin.iv.85 Vin.iv.267 there were dancing, singing and music.

…Thag.325–329

The Giri Sutta was preached in reference to Girimānanda, when he lay grievously ill. AN.v.108ff.

A brick hall at Nādikā. The Buddha stayed there on various occasions during his visits to Nādikā. It was during one of these visits that Ambapāli presented her park to the Buddha and the Order. Vin.i. …

The Theragāthā Thag.659–672 contains several stanzas attributed to him, which speak of remaining even among the challenges of life, and the importance of holding to wisdom and righteousness.

A Sākiyan. A conversation between him and Mahānāma the Sākiyan is recorded in the Godha Sutta. SN.v.371

…by cutting his throat. Māra saw this and reported it to the Buddha, but when the Buddha arrived it was too late and Godhika lay “supine on…

GodhāvarīGodhāvari

A river in Dakkhiṇāpatha, of which it forms the southern boundary, rising in Brahmagiri near the village of Triyanvaka.

18.91278, 77.64451river

A spot in Siṃsapāvana near Āḷavī. The Buddha once stayed there during the cold season and was visited by Hatthaka Āḷavaka. AN.i.136

26.02841, 83.529053park

GomatakakandarāGomatakandarāGomatakaṇḍarā

A grotto some distance from Veḷuvana in Rājagaha. Monks coming to Rājagaha from afar were provided with lodging there, and Dabba Mallaputta was put in charge …

…to see the Buddha at Rājagaha.

Between Gonaddha and their starting place lay Patitthāna, Māhissati and Ujjeni, and the next stopping…

Gopaka²

A monk. He once stayed at the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta, where he was given a set of robes. Vin.i.300

Gopaka³

A deva. A series of verses attributed to Gopaka are give …

Gosiṅgasālavanadāya¹

A forest tract near Nādikā. Once, when Anuruddha, Nandiya and Kimbila were living there, they were visited by the Buddha, who came from Giñjakāvasatha. The result of t …

…of Suddhodana and of Mahā Māyā, Suddhodana’s chief consort, and he belonged to the Gotama-gotta. At age 29 he departed from his home to seek…

The gate by which the Buddha left Pāṭaligāma, after having eaten there at the invitation of Sunidha and Vassakāra. Vin.i.230 Ud.viii.6 DN.ii.89

Pāṭaliputta2building

A class of ascetics, enumerated in a list of such classes. AN.iii.276

GotamakacetiyaGotamaka Cetiya

A shrine near and to the south of Vesāli. DN.iii.9 It was considered one of the beautiful spots of that town DN.ii.102 DN.ii.118 and the Buddha stayed there several time …

The ford by which the Buddha crossed the Ganges, after leaving Pāṭaligāma. Vin.i.230 Ud.viii.6 DN.ii.89

25.62171,85.186612ford

The steward or treasurer of King Disampati. He had a son, Jotipāla, who succeeded him after his death and came to be known as Mahā Govinda. DN.ii.230f.

“Govinda” was evidently a title and not a name.

GundāvanaKundāvanaGuṇḍāvanaKuṇḍāvana

A forest in Madhurā. Mahā Kaccāna stayed there and was visited by Avantiputta, king of Madhurā, to whom he preached the Madhurā Sutta, MN.ii.83f. and by the bra …

One of the hells. It is next to the Mahā Niraya, and is the habitation of needle-mouthed creatures who rip away the skin, flesh, tendons, etc., of the victim and then devour his marrow. MN.iii.185

5hell

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

Hatthaka¹

A monk. He was a Sākyan and loved holding discussions with the heretics. When he suffered defeat at their hands, he would resort to falsehood and evasion, or would ask his oppone …

A village on the road from Vesāli to Bhoganagara. It was the residence of Ugga-gahapati and is described as a village of the Vajjians.

The Buddha stayed there and was visited by Ugga. AN.iv.212 SN.i …

A teacher of old, with a following of many hundred disciples to whom he taught the way to union with Brahmā. AN.iii.371 AN.ii.373 AN.iv.135

A headman of Rājagaha who visited the Buddha and asked him what destiny awaited him after death. The Buddha reluctantly replied that he would be born in the Sārañjita hell. SN.iv.310

One of Bāvarī’s disciples. He went to the Buddha, asked questions, and became an arahant Snp.1006 Snp.1084–1087

A Yakkha chief, to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in time of need. DN.iii.204

He was present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.256

He was the friend of Sātāgira.

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of the impermanence of life, and the bitter fruit of evil deeds. Thag.145–146

HimavāHimācalaHimavantaHimālaya

The Himālaya mountains. In Himavā, are seven great lakes, each fifty leagues in length, breadth and…

A river, on the bank of which was the Upavattana Sālavana of the Mallas of Kusināra, where the Buddha died. DN.ii.137

Hirakinari1river

The descriptive name of a brahmin who visited the Buddha at the Ajapālanigrodha seven days after his Enlightenment and asked him questions regarding the true brahmin. The Buddha explained the matter, …

…on the subjects treated in Māgandiyapañha SN.iii.9f. and again on those of the Sakkapañha. SN.iii.13f.

On another occasion SN.iv.115f.…

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

…Mahā Brahmā who was present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta, at the head of one hundred thousand other Brahmās….

IccānaṅgalaIcchānaṅkala

A brahmin village in the Kosala country. It was while staying in the woodland thicket there that the Buddha preached the Ambaṭṭha Sutta. DN.i.87 From this sutta, the village w …

…Isāna, Pajāpati, Brahmā, Mahiddi and Yāma, as a god whom brahmins invoke and pray to, for union with Brahma after death. In another place,…

A town in the Kuru country. In the Kurudhamma Jataka J.ii.365f; also J.iii.400; J.iv.361; J.v.457; J.vi.255; Cyp.i.3, Cyp.v.1, Dhananjaya Koravya, is mentioned as its king and as the owner of Anjanava …

Isidatta¹

A verse uttered by Isidatta, in response to the Buddha’s enquiry regarding his welfare, is recorded in the Therāgāthā. Thag.120

According to the Saṃyutta Nikāya, SN.iv.283–288 I …

She was the daughter of a good and wealthy merchant of Ujjenī. Having come of age, she was given in marriage to the son of a merchant in Sāketa.

For one month she lived with him as a devoted wife; th …

IsigiliIsigilapassa

One of the five mountains round Rājagaha and one of the beauty-spots of the city. DN.ii.116 There was, on one side of it, a black stone called the Kāḷasilā. This was a favourite …

…the Buddha was at Isipatana, Māra visited him but had to go away discomfited. SN.i.105f.

Besides the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta mentioned…

Greater India. One of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents. They are grouped round Mount Sineru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc. This c …

A village which the Buddha visited during his last tour. It lay between Ambagāma and Bhoganagara. DN.ii.194

26.461967,84.4498442town

A wanderer. The Saṃyutta Nikāya records visits paid by him to Sāriputta at Nālakagāma and discussions between them on various topics, such as nibbāna, arahantship, the āsavas, sakkāya, ignorance, th …

An epithet meaning the most beautiful woman in the land. It was used for the former wife of Nanda, the memory of whose beauty tormented him while he was a monk. Ud.iii.2

A Gandhabba, a vassal of the Four Regent Gods. He was present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.258

In the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta DN.iii.204 he is mentioned as a Yakkha chieftain to be invoked by th …

…on the slopes of the Himālaya, muddled in mind, loose of speech and heedless. He appeared before them on an uposatha day and reminded them of…

A village near Cālikā; close by was the river Kimikālā with the mango-grove on its banks. Meghiya, while staying with the Buddha at Cālikā, once went to Jantugāma for alms. AN.iv.354 Ud.iv.1

25.7338 …

…him at the Añjanavana in Sāketā. The nun asked him for what purpose the Buddha requested that samādhi should be practised and Ānanda answered…

A class of brahmanical ascetics, so called on account of their matted hair.

…the Buddha. Thag.423–428 Perhaps he is to be identified with Mānatthaddha of the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.i.177

JetavanaJeta’s GroveAnāthapiṇḍaka’s ParkAnāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmaAnāthapiṇḍada’s Park

A park in Sāvatthī, in which was built the Anāthapiṇḍikārāma. When the Buddha accepted Anāthapiṇḍika’s invitation to …

A class of gods, present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.261

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of kamma. Thag.143–144

…end of the four months, Brahmā Sanaṅkumāra appeared before him and gave him a boon. Jotipāla asked to be taught the way to reach the…

A wanderer who, with his friend Mandissa, visited the Buddha at the Ghositārāma. DN.i.159 The Buddha preached to them the Jāliya Sutta. According to the Pātika Sutta, when Jāliya heard that Pātika cou …

A grove near Bhaddiya. The Buddha, when once staying there, laid down a rule about the use of slippers by monks. Vin.i.189f. There the banker Meṇḍaka visited him and provided meals for him and the m …

A great brahmin, ranking with eminent brahmins such as Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti and Todeyya. Snp.p.115 He is mentioned as staying in Icchānaṅgala, MN.ii.196 where he evidently took part in the pe …

JīvakaJīvakakomārabhacca

A celebrated physician, and the Buddha’s doctor. The Vinaya contains many stories of his skill in healing….

A mango-grove in Rājagaha, belonging to Jīvaka, which he made over to the Buddha and his monks. He built a monastery in the grove, and there the Buddha stayed several times. On one such occasion Ajāt …

Kaccāna¹

See Mahā-Kaccāna, Pakudha-Kaccāna, Pubba-Kaccāna, Sambula-Kaccāna, Sabhiya-Kaccāna, etc. See also Kaccāyana.

Kaccāna or Kaccāyana is the name of a family, the Kaccānagotta. …

A river where Mahākaccāyana sometimes stayed.

Avanti3river

KajangalaKajangalā

A township which formed the eastern boundary of the Middle Country. Beyond it was Mahāsālā. Vin.i.197 Once when the Buddha was staying in the Veḷuvana at Kajangala, the lay followe …

A nun who lived in Kajangala. Once when the Buddha was residing in the Veḷuvana there, the inhabitants of the village went to her and asked her to explain in detail what the Buddha had taught them in …

…common rice-fields in a Māgadha village, and yet so constituted that he was in the way neither of himself nor of others.“ Becoming aware of…

Kakudhā Kakuṭṭhā Kakutthā Kukuṭṭhā Kukutthā

A river near Kusinārā in which the Buddha bathed and from which he drank water before entering Kusinārā for his parinibbāna. On its bank was a mango-grove …

…In Kakusandha’s time a Māra, named Dūsī (a previous birth of Moggallāna), gave a great deal of trouble to the Buddha and his followers,…

KalandagāmaKalandaKalaṇḍaka

A village near Vesāli; it was the birthplace of Sudinna. Vin.iii.11

26.008658,85.2676393town

…village in Māgadha. Mahā-Moggallāna lived there immediately after his ordination, and on the seventh day, while meditating…

A tribe of Nāgas. They were present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.258

KambojaKambojjaKambujaKambujjaKambojaka

One of the sixteen Great Nations which, with Gandhāra, belonged, not to the Majjhimadesa but, evidently, to the Uttarāpatha. AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv …

…occasion, according to the Māgaṇḍiya Sutta, MN.i.501 that, after a long discussion, Māgaṇḍiya was converted.

Several important…

A wandering ascetic who visited the Buddha at Campā, on the banks of Lake Gaggarā together with Pessa the elephant trainer’s son. Pessa saluted the Buddha and sat down, while Kandaraka, after his salu …

KandarāyanaKundarāyana

A brahmin. He visited Mahā Kaccāna at the Gundavana near Madhurā and accused him of not paying due respect to elderly brahmins, but when Mahā Kaccāna preached to him he express …

A district in Jambudīpa; it is mentioned in a list of places passed by the Buddha on his way from Verañjā to Bārānasī, across the Ganges, the route passing through Verañjā, Soreyya, Sankassa, Kannakuj …

…a visit paid by the Brahmā Sahampati to the Buddha in the Mahāvana at Kapilavatthu. The Buddha, worried by the noisy behavior of some monks…

Kapinaccanā may have been a name for the cemetery near Vesāli where Kappitaka lived. Vin.iv.306

near Vesāli3park

…was seated there wrapt in samādhi, and a yakkha, passing overhead with his friend to an assembly of yakkhas, yielded, despite the warning of…

…are recorded in the Kappamāṇavapucchā. Snp.1007 Snp.1092–1095

Kappa²

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of the…

He was upajjhāya to Upāli, and once lived in a cemetery near Vesāli. In the cemetery the group of six nuns buried the ashes of one of their leaders and erected a shrine near Kappitaka’s cell. The El …

Kappāsika VanasaṇḍaKappāsiya Vanasaṇḍa

A grove near Uruvelā. There the a group of men came across the Buddha while seeking for a woman who had run away with certain of their belongings. The Buddha pr …

A building in the Jetavana where the Mahāpadāna Sutta was taught. DN.ii.1ff.

Jetavana3building

A pavilion near the Karerikutikā, evidently a hall with a thatched roof supported by wooden pillars, but with no walls.DN.ii.1 The monks seem to have been in the habit of sitting out here and talking …

A class of spirits, present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.260

…Kassapa, Uruvelā Kassapa, Kumāra°, Gayā°, Dasabala°, Nadī°, Nārada°, Pūraṇa°, Mahā° and Lomasa°.

Kassapa was evidently a…

Kassapagotta¹

A monk living in Vāsabhagāma in the Kāsi kingdom. He was in the habit of showing extreme hospitality to the monks who came there from other parts. Once some monks who visited …

KassapakārāmaKassapārāma

A monastery in Rājagaha, probably near Veḷuvana. It was here that Assaji stayed during his last illness, when the Buddha visited him to comfort him. SN.iii.125

25.01281,85.3 …

A brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, living at Ekanālā, in Dakkhiṇāgiri, and so called on account of his profession of agriculture. On the day of his festive sowing, the Buddha visited him alone, and sto …

…expressed to the Buddha, by the two Pacceka-brahma, Subrahmā and Suddhāvāsa. S.i.148.

KaḷimbhaKalimma

One of the monks who lived in the Kūṭāgārasālā in Vesālī. Finding that the peace of the Mahāvana was being disturbed by the Licchavis who came to see the Buddha, he, with the other mo …

King of Mithilā. He was the son of Nimi and belonged to the Makhādeva dynasty. Whereas other kings of his race left the household at the approach of old age, he broke the tradition by not doing so. He …

Kaṇha¹

Son of Disā, a slave girl of Okkāka. He was called Kaṇha because he was black and, like a devil, spoke as soon as he was born. He was the ancestor of the Kaṇhāyanagotta. DN.i.93 Lat …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses describe how he heard the Dhamma, practiced, and overcame all defileents. Thag.179–180

KaṇhāgotamikāKaṇhāgotamaka

A royal family of Nāgas. AN.ii.72

KaṇṇakujjaKaṇṇagocchakaKaṇṇagotta

A district in India. it is mentioned in a list of places passed by the Buddha on his way from Verañja to Bārāṇasī, across the Ganges, the route passing through Verañ …

KaṇṇamuṇḍāKannamuṇḍaka

One of the seven great lakes of the Himalaya. AN.iv.101

Himalaya3lake

Kaṇṭaka Kaṇḍaka

A novice ordained by Upananda. Kaṇṭaka committed an offence with another novice, Mahaka. When this became known, a rule was passed that no monk should ordain two novices Vin.i.79 ; th …

KaṭṭhakāKathakā

A class of devas present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.261

KesamuttaKesaputta

A township of the Kosalans and the residence of the Kālāmas. The Buddha once stayed there, on which occasion he preached the Kesaputtiya Sutta. AN.i.188

Kosala3town

An ascetic in Himavā. He is identified with Baka Brahmā. SN.i.144

A Pacceka Buddha, mentioned in a list of their names. MN.iii.70

Keṇiya

A brahmanical matted hair ascetic. He lived in Āpaṇa, and when the Buddha once stayed there with one thousand three hundred and fifty monks, Keṇiya visited the Buddha, bringing various kinds o …

A yakkha, friend of Sūciloma. He was passing through Gayā with Sūciloma when the latter questioned the Buddha on his doctrine, as recorded in the Sūciloma Sutta. SN.i.207f. Snp.p.47f.

KhattiyānīVelāmikā

Chief of the eighty-four thousand women who waited on the Bodhisatta when he was once a mighty king Mahāsudassana of Kusāvatī. SN.iii.146 DN.ii.188

A monk. He had been a disciple of the Buddha and was born in the Aviha Brahma-world, where he attained to arahantship at the moment of his birth. He is mentioned with six others, all in like circumst …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that he made an offering of one flower, dwelt in heaven a long period, then became enlightened. Thag.96

Khema¹

A Khattiya in the time of Kakusandha Buddha. He gave alms to the Buddha and the monks and entertained the Order. DN.ii.7

Khema²

A devaputta who visited the Buddha at …

…very ill at the Badarikārāmā, near Kosambī, some monks, staying at the Ghositārāma, sent one of their number, Dāsaka, with a message to…

The capital of King Khemaṅkara and the birthplace of Kakusandha. DN.ii.7

4town

…constant attendant of Sikhī Buddha. DN.ii.6

Khemaṅkara²KhemaKhemākara

The king of Khema or Khemavatī, where the Buddha…

A mango grove near Benares. Udena once stayed there and preached the Ghoṭamukha Sutta. MN.ii.157

25.26829, 82.941283park

A class of gods, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.261

Khemā

An arahant, chief of the Buddha’s women disciples for her great wisdom. AN.i.25 Her Therīgāthā verses depict her being described as…

A Pacceka Buddha mentioned in a nominal list. MN.iii.70

KhiḍḍāpadosikāKhiḍḍāpadūsikā

A class of devas who live in the Cātummahārājika world. For ages they spend their time in laughter and in sport of sensual lusts. In consequence their self-possession is …

A township in the Sākyan country. The Buddha once stayed there and preached to an assembly of brahmin householders. It is said that the brahmins were at first hostile to the Buddha, but that he won th …

An inhabitant of Khomadussa. SN.i.184

A brahmin village of Māgadha, presented to Kūṭadanta by Bimbisāra. The Buddha once stayed there at the Ambalaṭṭhikā pleasance, and there he…

KimbilaKimilaKimmila

A Sākiyan of Kapilavatthu. He was converted with Bhaddiya and four other Sākyan nobles at Anupiya. Vin.ii.182 Kimbila seems to have maintained throughout his early friendship wit …

A household of Vesalī, a pious follower of the Buddha. Once when the Buddha was staying in Vesalī, a poor man, wishing to give alms to him and to the monks, asked Kirapatika for money to provide the a …

KisasaṅkiccaKisaSaṅkicca

A naked ascetic, contemporary with the Buddha and evidently a well-known head of a school; mentioned in company with Nanda Vaccha and Makkhali Gosāla. MN.i.238

Kisasankicca …

…Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.129f. records a visit paid to her by Māra as she sat resting in Andhavana. He was forced to retire…

The palace of Bodhirājakumāra, to which he invited the Buddha and the monks to a meal when the Buddha was staying at Bhesakalāvana; the palace was…

Two daughters of Pajjunna, both called Kokanadā, though the younger was sometimes called Cūḷa-Kokanadā. They visited the Buddha at the Kūṭāgārasālā and spoke verses in praise of the Buddha, the Dhamm …

KokālikaKokāliya

A monk, one of the chief partisans of Devadatta. Knowing the Buddha’s might, he was, at first, reluctant to join in Devadatta’s plot against him, but later allowed himself to be pers …

The full-moon day of the fourth month, Kattika, usually found in the phrase Komudi Cātumāsini. Vin.i.155 Vin.i.176f. DN.i.47 MN.iii.79 MN.iii.80

…to the north-west of Māgadha and next to Kāsī. It is mentioned second in the list of sixteen Great Nations.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 In the…

…traffic coming to Kosala and Māgadha from the south and the west. Vin.i.277

The usual route from Rājagaha to Kosambī was up the river. This was…

Kosiya¹Kosiyagotta

The name of a brahmin clan. In the pācittiya it is given as one of the lower gottas, Vin.iv.8 but it is also Sakka’s gotta, and is therefore generally regarded as a …

One of the republican clans in the time of the Buddha. The Koḷiyā owned two chief settlements—one at Rāmagāma and the other at Devadaha.

Attached probably to the Koliyan central authorities, was a sp …

KoṇāgamanaKonāgamanaKanakamuniKanakāgamanaKaṇakāgamana

The second Buddha to be born in the Bhaddakappa. He was a brahman of the Kassapa clan who lived for 30,000 years. His enlightenment tree was an …

The name of a clan (gotta). It was evidently common to both brahmans and khattiyas, for we find the brahman Aññāta-Koṇḍañña belonging to it, as well as the three Buddhas Vipassī, Sikhī and Vessab …

A village in the vicinity of Bhaddiyanagara. During his last tour the Buddha crossed the river at Pāṭaligāma, went on to Koṭigāma, and remained in that village preaching to the monks. Hearing that the …

KuddālaKuddālaka

He is mentioned in a list of six famous teachers of the past, who were well known for their pious and holy lives. They had numerous followers and, after death, were born in the Brahm …

A park in Pāṭaliputta. It was evidently the residence of monks from very early times, probably, for some time, of the Buddha himself. The Mahāvagga Vin.i.300 mentions the names of several theras who l …

A Yakkha who lived in the Vepulla mountain outside Rājagaha. He was present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta with a train of over one hundred thousand. DN.ii.257

A hell, or a period of suffering. It is equal to twelve Padumas. The Kokālika monk was born in Kumuda hell.SN.i.152f. Snp.p.126

5hell

…AN.i.24 Once when Kumāra Kassapa was meditating in Andhavana a deva appeared before him, and asked him fifteen questions which only the…

…Sutta, the Māgaṇḍiya Sutta, the Anañjasappāya Sutta, the Sammosa Sutta and the Ariyavasā Sutta. All these were preached at…

…Kusinārā, proceeded to Ātumā. The Mallas of Kusinārā were always great admirers of the Buddha, even though not all of them were his followers,…

KuveraKubera

King of Uttarakuru. His royal residence is Āḷakamandā and his citadel Visāṇā. His messengers are Tatolā, Tattolā, Tatotalā, Ojasi, Tejasi, Tatojasī, Sūra, Rāja, Ariṭṭha and Nemi. His lot …

KuṇḍalaKulakuṇḍalaKuḷakuṇḍalaKulaKuḷa

The verse attributed to Kundala in the Theragāthā Thag.19 occurs twice in the Dhammapada

A vassal of the Cātummahārājikas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

Slave of King Caṇḍapajjota. His father was non-human, and he himself could travel sixty leagues a day. When Pajjota discovered that Jīvaka had fled, after administering to him some medicine containin …

A class of Asuras. They were present at the Mahāsamaya, and are spoken of as being of a fearsome shape. DN.ii.259 They are the very lowest of the Asura groups, and the Buddha warns Sunakkhatta that Ko …

A Sākyan. His name was Khemaka, but as he was dark he was called Kālakhemaka. He built a monastery in Nigrodhārāma, near Kapilavatthu, and once, during robe-making time, many monks lived there. On th …

Kālāma¹

The name of a family. Mention is made of a town belonging to them in Kosala, which was called Kesaputta. The sermon preached by the Buddha on his visit to Kesaputta is justly famou …

A monk, evidently held in high esteem by his colleagues. He is mentioned as staying in Kosambī, in Ghosita Park, and as asking Ānanda certain questions, recorded in the Kāmabhū Sutta. SN.iv.165 Two ot …

A devaputta who visited the Buddha and told him that the path of the Ariyan disciples was hard to follow and their goal hard to win. The Buddha pointed out to him that the difficult thing had been a …

One of the greater yakkhas who should be invoked if any follower of the Buddha be molested by an evil spirit. DN.iii.204

In the Mahāsamaya Sutta DN.ii.258 he is mentioned among the vassals of the F …

KāmaṇḍāKāmandā

A village in which was the mango grove of Todeyya. Udāyī once stayed there and was visited by a resident pupil of the brahmin lady of the Verahaccāni clan. SN.iv.121f.

Kosala3town

KāsiKāsikaKāsigāmaKāsinigama

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 its capital being Bārāṇasī.

At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king …

The black rock by the side of Isigili.

It was there that Godhika SN.i.120f. and Vakkali SN.iii.124 committed suicide.

It was a lonely spot, and we are told that when monks came from afar to Rājaga …

…Māra-woman, sister of Dūsī and mother of the Māra of the present age. MN.i.333

Kāḷī⁴

A crematrix…

A village of the Kāsis, on the road from Kāsi to Sāvatthī. It was the headquarters of the followers of Assaji and Punabbasu, who lived there, behaving in a shameless and wicked manner. A certain monk, …

A very learned brahmin of Khāṇumata, which village had been given to him by King Bimbisāra as a brahmadeyya. The Buddha arrived at Khāṇumata when Kūṭadanta was making preparations for a great sacrific …

…spheres of sense contact, Māra arranged an earthquake to break the monks’ concentration, but failed to achieve his object. SN.i.112 It was…

Mentioned as having stayed with Mahā Moggallāna on Gijjhakūṭa. Once, when they were going down to Rājagaha for alms, Lakkhaṇa noticed that at a certain spot Moggallāna smiled; on asking him why, he wa …

LakkhīLacchī

Normally Lakkhī is the Pali equivalent of the goddess of luck, Lakśmī. However in the early texts the name only appears in one obscure Therīgāthā verse. Thig.421

LakuṇṭakaBhaddiya

He was given the title of Lakuntaka (Dwarf) owing to his very small stature.

The Udāna Ud.vii.1 Ud.vii.2 makes reference to the admonitions of Sāriputta and to the Buddha’s joy whe …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.261

…with Bimbisāra, king of Māgadha, and with Pasenadi, king of Kosala. MN.ii.101

After the death of Bimbisāra, Ajātasattu, in his desire for…

Lohicca¹

A brahmin of Makkarakata in Avanti. Once when Mahā Kaccāna was living there in a forest hut, a number of Lohicca’s pupils came there and began abusing the monks, calling them shav …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

A Pacceka Buddha, mentioned in a nominal list. MN.iii.70

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that, thrusting aside grasses with his chest, he will seek seclusion. Thag.27

According to the Lomasakaṅgiya Bhaddekaratta Sutta, MN.iii.199f. Candana visited Lom …

The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions an interview between an Elder of this name and the Sākyan Mahānāma. Mahānāma asks the Elder if the learner’s way of life is identical with that of the Tathāgata. Vaṅgīsa a …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.261

A township in Kāsī, the residence, among others, of Citta-Gahapati. SN.iv.281

It contained the Ambāṭakavana, which Citta presented as a monastery for the monks, at the head of whom was Mahānāma.

S …

An epithet of Cittagahapati, because he lived in Macchikāslānda. AN.i.26

A country, with its people, included in the traditional list of the sixteen Great Nations AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv.260

The Macchā country lay to the south or south west of Indraprastha and …

…for his qualities. Māra tried to stir up discontent in the Buddha, but had to retire discomfited. SN.i.110 DN.ii.116

Once when Mahā…

MaddarūpiKhuddarūpi

Daughter of Okkāka and wife of Kaṇha, ancestor of Ambaṭṭha. DN.i.96f.

MadhurāMathurā

The capital of Surasena, situated on the Yamunā. Its king, soon after the death of Bimbisāra, was Avantiputta, MN.ii.83 who, judging by his name, was probably related to the royal fami …

…is made in the books of the Māgadhakhetta, probably an extensive rice field which at once caught the eye on account of its terraces. The contour…

…as a man in Macalagāma in Māgadha.

Magha took upon himself seven vows, which brought him birth as Sakka: to maintain his parents, to revere his…

MaghadevaambavanaMakhādevaambavana

A mango grove in Mithilā where Makhādeva lived in meditation after retiring from household life.

This grove existed even in the time of the Buddha, and during his …

A novice, pupil of Upananda, who is mentioned as having been guilty of a sexual offence with Kaṇḍakā, another novice. Vin.i.70

MahesāMāhissati

A city in the Buddha’s day, mentioned as lying on the route from Bāvari’s hermitage to Sāvatthī. Snp.1011

According to the…

A place on the Saṅkheyya Mountain where Uttara is said to have stayed, in Dhavajālika vihāra. AN.iv.162

on the Saṅkheyya Mountain in Dhavajālika vihāra.3monastery

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of practicing properly and awaiting ones’ time. Thag.12

…are Kāsī, Kosala, Aṅga, Māgadha, Vajji, Mallā, Cetiya, Vaṃsa, Kuru, Pañcāla, Macchā, Sūrasena, Assaka, Avantī, Gandhāra and Kamboja….

A Pacceka Buddha mentioned in a list of names. MN.iii.70

MahākaccāyanaKaccāyanaMahākaccānaKaccāna

One of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered chief among expounders in full of the brief saying of the Buddha. AN.i.23 Several suttas illustrat …

One of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered foremost among those who taught the monks. AN.i.25 The Vinaya Vin.i.105 records that when Kappina was in the Deer Park at Maddakucchi he won …

MahākassapaKassapaPippali

One of the Buddha’s most eminent disciples, chief among those who upheld austere practices. AN.i.23 His personal name was Pippali, but he is usually known by his clan name K …

MahākoṭṭhitaMahākotthitaKoṭṭhitaKotthita

One of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, ranked foremost among masters of analytical knowledge. AN.i.24 His Theragāthā verse speaks of contentment and sha …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses describe a large swarthy woman sitting surrounded by bones in the charnel ground, evidently a practitioner of asceticism. He expresses the wish to never be reborn. Thag.141–152

A Licchavi chief, mentioned as having visited the Buddha at the Kūṭāgārasālā to ask if he had seen Sakka SN.i.230 and also to beg information as to the teachings of Pūraṇa Kassapa. SN.iii.68 This conv …

…held converse with Tissa Brahmā. AN.iii.331ff. AN.iv.75ff.

In the Māratajjanīya Sutta MN.i.332ff. we are told how Māra worried…

A monk whose Theragāthā verses warn of the dangers that face a monk who neglects the Dhamma. Thag.387–392

Mahānāma¹

A Sākiyan rājā, son of Amitodana; he was elder brother of Anuruddha and cousin of the Buddha. When the Sākiyan families of Kapilavatthu sent their representatives to join the Ord …

…past lives. She acknowledges Māyā, through whom the Buddha was born, and says that the correct way to worship the Buddha is but diligent practice….

The elder brother of Cūḷapanthaka. He was declared pre eminent among those skilled in the evolution of consciousness. (saññāvivatta). AN.i.24

A set of verses uttered by him in the joy of attainment …

The name given to a Great Being, destined to become either a Cakkavatti or a Buddha. He carries on his person the following thirty two marks. DN.ii.17f. DN.iii.142ff. MN.ii.136f. .

1. he has fe …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.26

One of the hells. SN.i.92

5hell

A king who lived in the beginning of this present age. He was called Mahāsammata, because, on the arising of wickedness in the world, he was chosen by the people DN.iii.92f. to show indignation agai …

…lakes, situated in the Himālaya. They form the sources of the five great rivers and dry up only when four suns appear in the world. These seven…

Chief queen of Mahāsudassana. DN.ii.169ff. Aii.189 SN.iii.145

The Bodhisatta born as king of Kusāvati. DN.ii.169ff.

Mahāvana¹

A wood near Vesāli, in which the Kūṭāgārasālā was located.

Vesāli3parkMahāvana²

A wood near Kapilavatthu. In this wood was preached the Mahāsamaya Sutta and the Madh …

A king of long ago, whose exemplary sacrifice, held under the direction of his chaplain, is narrated in the Kūṭadanta Sutta.

MahāviyūhaMahāviyūhassa

A gabled chamber erected by Mahāsudassana into which he could retire during the heat of the day. It was made of silver. DN.ii.182

5building

One of the five great rivers of India, all of which have a common origin Vin.ii.237 AN.iv.101 AN.v.22 SN.ii.135 SN.v.38

Koshi1river

MakhādevaMaghadeva

King of Mithilā. His legend is told in the Makhadeva Sutta. MN.ii.74ff. He was a righteous king who observed the uposatha, together with his people. When a grey hair appeared o …

A locality in Avanti. Mahā Kaccāna once stayed there in a forest hut and was visited by Lohicca and his pupils. SN.iv.116f.

Avanti3town

MakkhaliGosāla

One of the six heretical teachers contemporaneous with the Buddha. He held that there is no cause, either ultimate or remote, for the depravity of beings or for their rectitude. The at …

A shrine of the Mallas to the east of Kusināra, where the Buddha’s body was cremated. DN.ii.160–161

26.73395, 83.930743shrine

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that one should only stay in a dwelling that is conducive to the goal. Thag.105

Chief queen of Pasenadi, king of Kosala.

Mallika’s knowledge of the Dhamma made her wiser than Pasenadi would have desired, and he once, in a moment of great affection, asked if anyone were dearer to …

Mallikāya ārāmaMallikārāma

A park in Sāvatthī belonging to Queen Mallikā. DN.i.178 MN.ii.22

27.50735, 82.074733park

The name of a people and their country.

The country is included in the sixteen Great Nations of the Buddha’s time. The kingdom, at that time, was divided into two parts, having their respective capit …

A Malla woman. Vin.ii.268

A brahmin village in Kosala on the banks of the Aciravatī. The Buddha stayed in the mango grove to the north of the village, and, during one such stay, preached the Tevijja Sutta. DN.i.235

in Kosala …

A primeval king. He is considered as an example of one whose desires could never be satisfied. AN.ii.17 Thig.488

One of the seven great lakes of the Himālaya. AN.iv.101

Himalaya3lake

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

ManopadosikāManopadūsikā

A class of devas. They burn continually with envy one against another and their hearts become ill disposed and debauched. Their bodies thus become feeble and their minds imbe …

A class of devas. Beings who die devoted to some idea are born in their world—e.g., a Nigaṇṭha who will take only warm water and would rather die than take it cold. MN.i.376

The capital city where King Koñca lived, whose daughter was Sumedhā Therī. Thig.450

4town

A brahminee, mother of Aṅgulimāla; her husband was Gagga. MN.ii.102

An eminent upāsikā mentioned in a list. AN.iv.347

A class of devas possessing lovely forms. Once a large number of them visited Anuruddha at the Ghositirāma and announced to him that in a trice they could assume any colour they desired, produce any s …

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

A yakkha chief, to be invoked by Buddhists in time of need. DN.iii.205

MaṇimālikaMaṇimālaka

A shrine where the Buddha stayed and where he was visited by the Yakkha Maṇibhadda. SN.i.208

4shrine

The pupil of a “bamboo acrobat” of long ago. His master called to him one day and asked him to climb the bamboo and to stand on his shoulder. Then the master suggested that they should watch and look …

MedāḷupaMedatalumpa

A Sākyan village three leagues from Nagaraka. MN.ii.119 Pasenadi when staying there with Dīgha Kārāyana, heard that the Buddha was there and visited him. On this occasion was prea …

Meghiya

Having joined the Order, was for some time the personal attendant of the Buddha. Once, when the Buddha was staying with him at Cālikā, Meghiya went to Jantugāma for alms, and, on his return, …

MettajiMattaji

A monk whose Theragāthā verse extols the Buddha. Thag.94

A group of monks, followers of Mettiya and Bhummajaka forming part of the Chabbaggiyā (Group of Six Monks).

Twice they brought an unfounded charge of breach of morality against Dabba Mallaputta, who …

A nun who, at the instigation of the Mettiyabhummajakā, charged Dabba Mallaputta with having violated her chastity. She was expelled from the Order for this offence.

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

MeṇḍasiraMeṇḍasīsa

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of realizing release from suffering after many lifetimes. Thag.78

…was seized with remorse. A Mārakāyika devatā, however, appeared before him in the river and assured him he was doing a service to the monks…

A woman follower of the Buddha. She was the daughter of Pūraṇa, chamberlain of Pasenadi, and niece of Isidatta. AN.iii.347 AN.v.137

A rich man of Sāvatthī. Ugga, Pasenadi’s minister, mentions him during a visit to the Buddha and remarks on his immense wealth. But the Buddha reminds him that Migāra’s treasure is not real treasure i …

…erected by Visākhā Migāramātā in the Pubbārāma, to the east of Sāvatthī. It is said that, one day, when Visākhā had gone to the…

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

…Sutta MN.ii.74 and the Brahmāyu Sutta. MN.ii.133

It was also in Mithilā that the Therī Vāsetthī Thig.135 first met the Buddha and entered…

A man in the retinue of King Eḷeyya. He was a follower of Uddaka Rāmaputta. AN.ii.187

…was on the bank of the Sumāgadhā and the Buddha is mentioned DN.iii.39 as walking there. Not far away was the park of the Queen Udumbarika….

MoḷiyaPhagguna

He was always friendly with the nuns and stood up for them in discussions with the monks. This was reported to the Buddha, who sent for him and preached the Kakacūpama Sutta. MN.i.122* …

A Paribbājaka. He once visited the Buddha at Veḷuvana and questioned him regarding predestination. The Buddha explains to him that suffering arises from various causes—bile, phlegm, wind, bodily humou …

Musila

A monk. A conversation is recorded in the Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.ii.115f. between him and Savittha, which is said to have taken place in Ghositārāma in Kosambī, regarding the paṭiccasamuppāda.

A king of Māgadha, great grandson of Ajātasattu and son of Anuruddha. It is probably this same king who is referred to in the Aṅguttara Nikāya….

…and Moggallāna, came from Māgadha. The cornfields of Māgadha were rich and fertile. Thag.208

The names of several places in Māgadha occur in…

…Bhāradvājaggotta at Kammāsadamma and Māgaṇḍiya came to the hut. Seeing the grass mat on which the Buddha slept at night, he inquired…

MāluṅkyāputtaMāluṅkyaputtaMālukyaputta

The Theragāthā contains two sets of verses attributed to him. One set speaks of the dangers of…

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.i.70

A householder of Rājagaha. When he lay ill he was visited by Ānanda, to whom he confessed that even in his illness he practiced the four satipaṭṭhāna. He was quite free from the five lower fetters. SN.v.178

…the arahants are perfect. Mānatthaddha became the Buddha’s follower. SN.i.177f.

Mānatthaddha²

A Pacceka Buddha mentioned in a…

A Yakkha chief to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in time of need. Aiii.205

…enjoying bliss in the Kāmāvacara worlds. AN.ii.17 In the Māratajjanīya Sutta MN.i.333 DN.iii.79 Moggallāna says that he too had once been a…

…to Pañcasikha. DN.ii.268 Mātali is Sakka’s constant companion and accompanies him everywhere, more as a confidant than as a servant. SN.i.221…

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

MātulaMatula

A village in Māgadha, where the Buddha stayed and where he preached the Cakkavattisīhanāda Sutta. Aiii.58

Māgadha3town

MāyāMahāmāyā

The mother of the Buddha, and wife of Suddhodana of the Sakyan clan. DN.ii.52 Thag.534 Thig.162 She died seven days after giving…

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that he went forth after seeing an old man, a sick man, and a dead man. Thag.73

MāṇavagāmiyaMāṇavagāmika

A devaputta. He visited the Buddha in the company of Asama, Sahali, Ninka, Ākoṭaka and Vetambarī, and while…

Brother of Uruvelā Kassapa. He received his name from living on the bank of the Nerañjara at the head of three hundred ascetics. His Thergāthā verses speak of how his former wrong views and practices …

Nagaraka Naṅgaraka

A Sākyan township near Medatalumpa. From there Pasenadi, accompanied by Dīgha-Kārāyana, paid his last visit to the Buddha, as recorded in the Dhammacetiya Sutta. MN.ii.118

The Bu …

…were householders of Suṃsumāragiri in the Bhagga-country. When the Buddha visited the village and stayed at Bhesakalāvana, they went to see…

Husband of Nakulamātā. They were householders of Suṃsumāragiri in the Bhagga-country. When the Buddha visited the village and stayed at…

…is recorded in the Nanda māṇavaapucchā. Snp.1007 Snp.1124

Nanda⁴Nandagopālaka

He was a cowherd of Kosambi. One day he heard…

…was preached at the Migāramātupāsāda and takes the form of a discussion with Sāḷha, Migāra’s grandson, and Rohana, Pekkhuniya’s…

Nandiya¹

He belonged to a Sākiyan family of Kapilavatthu, and was called Nandiya because his birth brought bliss. He left the world at the same time as Anuruddha, Kimbila and the others, a …

NaḷerupucimandaNaḷerupucimandaNalerupucimaṇḍa

A grove near Verañja where the Buddha spent part of his time on his visit to Nerañjā. Vin.iii.1 AN.iv.172 AN.iv.197

26.88294,78.813713park

…banks of this river. There Māra tempted him, and, later, Brahmā persuaded him to preach the Dhamma. Vin.i.1ff. Snp.425ff. SN.i.103f.…

…and Abhayarājakumāra. MN.i.392ff. Nāṭaputta tries, without success, to dissuade Sīha, general of the Licchavis, from visiting…

A yakkha chieftain, to be invoked by followers of the Buddha when in distress. DN.iii.204 He was present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.258

Nigrodha¹

A wanderer. Once, when he was staying with a large number of colleagues at the Udumbarikārāma near Rājagaha, Sandhāna, on his way to see the Buddha, stopped him and entered into …

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

A Thera mentioned as staying at the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta. Vin.i.300

A class of devas, inhabiting the fifth of the six deva-worlds. DN.i.218 MN.i.289 SN.i.133 AN.i.210

Hell. The Saṃyutta and Aṅguttara Nikāyas and the Sutta Nipāta contain a list of hells: Abbuda, Nirabbuda, Ababa, Aṭaṭa, Ahaha, Kumuda, Sogandhika, Uppala, Puṇḍarīka, Paduma. SN.i.149 AN.v.173 Snp.p.12 …

The Mahā Parinibbāna Sutta DN.ii.72ff. gives a list of the places at which the Buddha stopped during his last journey along that road—Ambalaṭṭhikā, Nāḷandā, Pāṭaligāma, Koṭigāma, Nādikā, Vesāli, Bha …

A class of beings classed with Garuḷas and Supaṇṇas and playing a prominent part in Buddhist folk lore. They are gifted with miraculous powers and great strength. Generally speaking, they are confused …

…her as the snare of Māra. Making this his topic of thought, he developed insight into the perishableness of life and became an arahant….

A park near Hatthigāma, belonging to Uggagahapati. It was there that he first met the Buddha and was converted. AN.iv.213

26.38202, 84.840543park

NālāNālakagāmakāNālagā

A village in Māgadha, near the Bodhi tree at Gayā. Thig.294

near Gayā3town

NālāgiriNāḷāgiri

An elephant of the royal stalls at Rājagaha. Devadatta, after several vain attempts to kill the Buddha, obtained Ajātasattu’s consent to use Nālagiri as a means of encompassing the B …

A monk, mentioned once as staying at the Ghositārāma in Kosambī, with Musila, Savittha, and Ānanda. In the course of discussion he declares that, though aware of the nature of nibbana, he is not an ar …

One of King Eḷeyya’s guards. He was a follower of Rāmaputta. AN.ii.180

…as a brahmin village in Māgadha, not far from Rājagaha. SN.iv.251 AN.v.120 AN.v.121 SN.v.161

Also mentioned as a town near Rājagaha. The…

A brahmin, whom Mallikā sent to the Buddha to find out if it were true that the Buddha had said that loved ones brought morrow and tribulation. MN.ii.108

A class of eminent devas among those present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

Servant of Kuvera. He takes Kuvera’s messages and makes them known in Uttarakuru. DN.iii.201

A king, ancestor of the Sākyas and the Kolians.

In the Ambaṭṭha Sutta DN.i.92 it is stated that Okkāka, being fond of his queen and wishing to transfer the kingdom to her son, banished from the kingd …

Opamañña¹

One of the names of Pokkharasāti. MN.ii.200

Opamañña²

A Gandhabba chieftain, who was among those present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258 He is me …

One of the Licchavis. He went to visit the Buddha at the Kūṭāgārasālā in Vesalī, at a time when the Buddha had given orders that no one should be allowed to see him; but through the intervention of th …

The boundaries of the Majjhimadesa are given, and the Paccantajanapadā lies beyond these boundaries. They are: in the east, Kajaṅgala and Mahāsālā; in the south east, the river Salalavatī; in the sout …

…Tudu. I have not come across any explanation of this term. It may designate a Brahmā who does not live in any recognized Brahmā world, but in a…

PacchābhummaPacchābhūma

The name given to the district to the west of the Middle Country. SN.iii.5 SN.iii.6 Mention is also made of the Pacchābhūmakā brahmins, who are carriers of water pots, fire wo …

A Hell. The monk Kokālika was born there. Snp.p.126

5hell

One of the most distinguished lay women, followers of the Buddha. AN.iv.347 She was the wife of Meṇḍaka and her full name was Candapadumā

An Asura chief. DN.ii.259 At the Nalerupucimaṇḍa in Verañja he visited the Buddha. In answer to a question, Pahārāda tells the Buddha that there are eight wonderful characteristics of the ocean, on ac …

A hell in which stage players are born after death. Tālapuṭa maintained that after death they were born among the Pahāsadevi. The Buddha contradicts this and says that their rebirth is in a Niraya and …

A devarāja, the god of rain. Kokanadā and Culla Kokanadā were his daughters. SN.i.29f.

Pajjunna is mentioned among the Mahāyakkhas to be invoked in time of need, DN.iii.205 and he was present at th …

…sometimes mentioned with Brahmā, as distinct from him. MN.i.140 MN.i.327 MN.i.329

In the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta DN.iii.204 he is mentioned among…

PakudhaPakudaKakudhaKakudaPakudha KaccāyanaPakudha KātiyānaKakudha KaccāyanaKakudha Kātiyāna

Head of one of the six heretical sects of the Buddha’s time. In the Sāmaññaphala Sutta, DN.i.56 Ajātasattu …

one of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by the Buddha’s followers in time of need. DN.iii.204 He is also mentioned in the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

Papāte PabbatePapātapabbata

A mountain in Avantī, near Kuraraghara. It was a favourite spot of Mahā Kaccāna, and we are told of several discussions having taken place there.SN.iii.9ff. SN.iv.115*f. …

A Brahmā who was present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.260

…birth in the world of Brahmā. Their conversion to the Buddha’s Doctrine followed the recognition that Gotama dealt, not with effects but with…

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of the superiority of the taste of Dhamma over all other flavors. Thag.91

PasenadiSeniya

King of Kosala and contemporary of the Buddha. Quite early in the Buddha’s ministry, Pasenadi became his follower and close friend, and his devotion to the Buddha lasted till his death …

…with the Paribbājaka Uggāhamāna Samanamandikāputta, and the Buddha preached to him the Samaṇamaṇḍikā Sutta. MN.ii.23ff.

The Anuruddha…

PañcanadīPañcamahānadī

In several places in the texts five rivers are mentioned as the five great rivers of India, and they are used in various similes and metaphors. These rivers are: Gaṅgā, Yamunā, …

A brahmin village of Māgadha. For an episode connected with it see Piṇḍa Sutta. SN.i.113

Māgadha3town

The name given to the five monks—Koṇḍañña (Aññā Koṇḍañña), Bhaddiya, Vappa, Mahānāma, and Assaji—to whom the Buddha preached his first sermon at Isipatana.

All five joined in the austerities of Gotam …

…the country to the north and west of Delhi, from the foot of the Himālaya to the river Chambal.

28.13012, 79.337761janapada

A devaputta who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and uttered a verse to the effect that the man who understands jhāna finds room even among crowding obstacles. The Buddha corrects him, saying that t …

An elephant trainer of Campā. He visited the Buddha at Gaggarāpokkharanī where Kandaraka was also present, and his conversation on that occasion is recorded in the Kandaraka Sutta. When Pessa had left …

One of the seven human beings born in the Avihā-world, where they will pass completely away. SN.i.35 SN.i.60

One of the Theras dwelling in the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta in the time of the Buddha. Vin.i.300

PilindavacchaPilindivacchaPilindiyavacchaPilindaPilindiPilindiya

A monk whose enigmatic Theragāthā verse speaks of what has come and not departed. Thag.9 Certain devas who had been born in the deva w …

A wanderer. Jāṇussoṇi once met him returning from Jetavana, where he had gone early to wait on the Buddha. Pilotika, on being questioned, spoke very highly of the Buddha. It is this conversation which …

PippaliguhāPipphaligūhā

A cave near Rājagaha, evidently a favourite haunt of Mahā Kassapa. Once when he lay there grievously ill, the Buddha visited him and cheered him by talking to him of the seven …

A little boy Yakkha. While his mother, with him on her hip, was seeking for food at night, she came unexpectedly to Jetavana where Anuruddha was reciting some verses. The sound pleased her and she sto …

A brahmin of Sāvatthī. He visited the Buddha at Jetavana and the Buddha preached to him the Cūḷasāropama Sutta, at the end of which he declared himself the Buddha’s follower. MN.i.198ff.

Nephew and pupil of Bāvarī. At the time that he visited the Buddha with the other disciples he was 120 years old and very feeble. At the end of his discussion with the Buddha, as recorded in the Piṅgi …

Piṇḍola¹

A Pacceka Buddha, given in a nominal list. MN.iii.69

Piṇḍola²Bhāradvāja

An arahant who announced before the Buddha his readiness to answer the questions of any doubti …

PokkharasātiPokkharasādi

A brahmin of great wealth and learning who lived in Ukkaṭṭha, on a royal demesne given by Pasenadi. Ambaṭṭha was the pupil of Pokkharasāti, who sent him to the Buddha at Icch …

A monastery in Sāmagāma where the Buddha is said once to have stayed. AN.iii.309

Sāmagāma3monastery

…His question to the Buddha and the answer thereto are given in the Posālamāṇavaa pucchā of the Pārāyana Vagga. Snp.1006 Snp.1112–1115.

A wanderer who visited Samiddhi at the Vejuvana in Rājagaha and said that he had heard the Buddha declare that all action and speech were vain, and that what passed in the mind was the only thing of i …

…him and the Buddha on samādhi and on the soul, which took place in Mallikārāma in Sāvatthī, is reported in the Poṭṭhapāda Sutta….

…Sāvatthī, near the Migāramātupāsāda, and therefore to the east of the city. Mention is made AN.iii.345 of the Buddha having bathed there. It…

A monastery outside the eastern gate of Sāvatthī.

27.52532, 82.089843monastery

…when he himself was in Atumā in the Bhusāgāra, there was a great thunderstorm which killed two peasants and four oxen, but that he had heard…

A young monk whom the Buddha met at the house of Bhaggava, the potter, in Rājagaha. Pukkusāti was already occupying the guest room of the house, and the Buddha asked to be allowed to share it, to whic …

A Yakkhinī, mother of Punabbasu. One evening towards sunset, when the Buddha was at Jetavana, she, with her daughter Uttarā on her hip and the boy’s hand in hers, came to the grove in search of food. …

A name for Sakka, because, as a human being, he bestowed gifts from town to town. SN.i.229

Purāṇa¹

A monk who lived in Dakkhiṇāgiri. It is said that when he visited Rājagaha after the holding of the First Council, he was asked to give his approval to the “findings” of the same. …

Puṇṇa¹

He was born in the family of a householder of Suppāraka in the Sunāparanta country. One day he asked the Buddha for a short lesson so that, having learnt it, he might go back to dwe …

…is given in the Puṇṇakamāṇavapucchā. Snp.1043–1048

Puṇṇaka²

A Yakkha chief mentioned in the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta…

Puṇṇamāsa¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that a restrained and wise one knows the rise and passing away of the world….

PācīnavaṃsaPācīnavaṃsadāya

A park in the Cetiya kingdom. AN.iv.228f. The Buddha visited it during his tours, and once, while staying there with Meghiya, the latter stopped in a mango grove in the v …

PālileyyaPārileyyaPārileyyaka

A town near Kosambī. When the Buddha found that he could not persuade the Kosambī monks to refrain from quarrelling, he left Kosambī alone and unattended, and passing th …

A tree in Tāvatiṃsā, which grew in the Nandanavana. The devas eagerly watch each stage of development of leaf and flower, and each stage is marked by great rejoicings. AN.iv.117f.

The Buddha visited Pātaligāma shortly before his death. Although it later became the capital of Magadha, it was then a mere village. At that time Ajātasattu’s ministers, Sunīdha and Vassakāra, were en …

A naked ascetic of Vesāli who went about claiming to have greater mystic powers than the Buddha, and thereby much impressed Sunakkhatta. Pātikaputta had prophesied that, after death, the Licchavi gene …

The name given to a set of rules to be observed by members of the Buddhist Order. The rules regulate the behaviour of the members of the Order towards one another in respect of clothes, dwellings, fur …

PāveyyakāPātheyyakā

The name given to the inhabitants of Pāvā—e.g., Pāveyyakā Mallā. DN.ii.165

Pāvā was evidently a centre of Buddhist activity even during the lifetime of the Buddha, and mention is …

A city of the Mallas which the Buddha visited during his last journey, going there from Bhogagāma and stopping at Cunda’s mango grove.

Cunda lived in Pāvā and invited the Buddha to a meal, which prov …

Pāvārikambavana¹

The mango grove of Pāvārika of Kosambī.

Kosambī3parkPāvārikambavana²

A mango grove at Nāḷandā where the Buddha stayed when on a visit there. DN.ii.81 It was t …

A chieftain of Setavyā, who lived on a royal domain gifted by Pasenadi. He held the view that there was no world other than this, no fruit of actions and no rebirth. But after a discussion with Kūmara …

A headsman of Uttara who visited the Buddha and questioned him regarding his power of magic. Several conversations he had with the Buddha, on various topics, are given in the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.iv.340ff.

Pūraṇa Kassapa

One of the six well known teachers, contemporaneous with the Buddha. He is said to have taught the doctrine of non-action, denying the result of good or bad actions. DN.i.52f.

Else …

One of Māra’s three daughters, who sought to tempt the Buddha. Snp.835 SN.i.124ff.

One of the daughters of Māra.

Chief of those who had left the world through faith. AN.i.24 He was born at Thullakoṭṭhita in the Kuru country as the son of a very wealthy councillor and was called by his family name of Raṭṭhapāla. …

Revata¹Khadiravaniya

An eminent disciple of the Buddha, declared by him foremost among forest dwellers. AN.i.24

His Theragāthā verses appear under two names. As Khadiravaniya he admonishe …

…Avanti, Sovīra, Videha, Aṅga and Kāsi; their capitals were, respectively, Dantapura, Potana, Māhissatī, Roruka, Mithilā, Campā and…

A devaputta. He once visited the Buddha at Jetavana and asked if one could, by travelling, reach the end of the world where there would be no birth, old age, death, etc. The Buddha said that such wa …

The legendary inhabitants of Rājagaha, in the time of Koṇāgamana Buddha. At that time, Mount Vipula was called Vaṅkaka. The life of a Rohitassa was thirty thousand years. The people took three days to …

Rohīnī²

A small river dividing the Sākyan and Koliyan countries. A dam was constructed across the river, and the people on the two sides used the water to cultivate their fields.

27.64916 …

Rojā¹

A Malla, inhabitant of Kusinārā. When the Buddha and Ānanda visited Kusinārā, the Malla chieftains decreed that whoever failed to pay homage to the Buddha would be fined five hundred …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

The Buddha declared him foremost among those who could inspire speech in others. AN.i.25

The Theragāthā Thag.133–134 contains two verses spoken by him in praise of concentration of the mind.

The Rād …

RāhuRāhubhadda

An Asura chieftain. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.49f. says that on one occasion when he seized the Moon god, and on another the Sun god, both these invoked the aid of the Buddha. The Bud …

RāhulaRāhulabhadda

Only son of Gotama Buddha. When the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu for the first time after his Enlightenment and accepted Suddhodana’s invitation, Rāhula’s mother sent the boy to the …

…in the Pitakas where Rāhulamātā is mentioned by name.

Tradition identifies Rāhulamātā with Bhaddakaccānā who, in the Aṅguttara Nikāya,…

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of how, when he saw a woman’s rotting corpse in the cemtery, at first lust arose, then he mindfully overcame his defilements. Thag.315–319

…Rājagaha, passing through Māhissati, Ujjeni, Gonaddha, Vedisa. Vanasavhaya, Kosambī, Sāketa, Sāvatthī, Setavyā, Kapilavatthu, Kusinārā,…

RāmagāmakaRāmagāma

A Koliyan village on the banks of the Ganges. Its inhabitants claimed and obtained a share of the Buddha’s relics, over which they erected a thūpa. DN.ii.167

26.146795,84.098271town

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of how his mind does not waver among the sounds of nature. Thag.49

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of getting rid of desire for this impure body. Thag.453–458

Sabbakāma lived on to one hundred and twenty years of age, and was consulted by Yasa, Soreyya Revata, …

A class of Devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

A class of Devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

A class of Devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

SahajātiSahajātāSahañcanika

A township where Yasa Kākandakaputta met Soreyya Revata, whom he wished to consult regarding the Ten Points raised by the Vajjiputtakas. Revata had gone there from Soreyya …

Sahali¹

A class of Devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

Sahali²

A devaputta, follower of Makkhali Gosāla. He visited the Buddha at Veḷuvana, in …

A Mahābrahmā. When the Buddha was at the Ajapālanigrodha, hesitating as to whether or not he should preach the Dhamma, Sahampati appeared before…

…giver in towns) because, as Māgha, he bestowed gifts from time to time. (Cf. Indra’s epithet Purandara, destroyer of cities)

• Sakka, because he…

SakkharaSakkāra

A township of the Sākyans where the Buddha once stayed with Ānanda. SN.v.2 It was not far from Rājagaha and was the residence of Macchariya Kosiya.

Sākya, not far from Rājagaha3town

A famous Paribbājaka. The Mahā-Sakuladāyī and the Culla Sakuladāyī Suttas record two conversations between him and the Buddha in the Paribbājakārāma at Moranivāpa in Rājagaha.

He is also said to hav …

…of Somā. They were both wives of Pasenadi and followers of the Buddha. Once, when Pasenadi was staying at Ujjuñña, he…

…Salaḷāgāra, wrapt in samādhi, with Bhuñjatī waiting on him. Sakka therefore left a message with her.DN.ii.270 Anuruddha is also mentioned…

Sambhūta¹Sītavaniya

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of how a bhikkhu in the Sītavana (Cool Grove) is victorious. Thag.6

Sambhūta²Sānavāsī

When the Vajjiputtaka heresy aro …

…his good fortune as a monk, Māra tried to terrify him. Samiddhi told the Buddha of this, but the Buddha asked him to stay on where he was. He…

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of experiencing the suffering caused by kamma in the past. Thag.81

A class of Devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

…of the approach of Sanaṅkumāra. As the usual appearance of the Brahmā is not sufficiently materialized for him to be perceived by the Devas of…

Overmastered by corrupt habits of mind and character, for twenty five years he was unable to develop concentration. This so distressed him that he was about to commit suicide, when, inward vision sudd …

A Paribbājaka who joined the Order and soon after left it. He then went about proclaiming in Rājagaha that he knew the Dhamma and Vinaya of the Sakyaputta monks, and that was why he had left their Ord …

SarakāniSaraṇāni

A Sākyan. When he died the Buddha declared that he was a sotāpanna, bound for enlightenment. But many of the Sākyans spoke scornfully of him, saying that he had failed in the train …

A class of Devas, the gods of “Passionate Delight”. According to the belief of some, a man who dies fighting is born among them. SN.iv.308

In the Aṅguttara AN.i.118f. he is represented as saying, in the course of a conversation between him, Sāriputta and Koṭṭhita, that he preferred the person who obtains relief by faith, to one who tes …

A class of Devas, among whom virtuous men, such as those that maintain their parents and engage in harmless trades, are born. Snp.404

Sañjaya¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that since going forth he has not had any hate. Thag.48

Sañjaya²

In the Kaṇṇakatthala Sutta Viḍūḍabha tells the Buddha that it was …

A young brahmin, friend of Bodhirājakumāra. He was sent to invite the Buddha to Bodhi’s palace, Kokanada. Vin.ii.127f. MN.ii.91

…DN.ii.4 He was expert in samādhi, and lived in cells, caves, etc., sustaining himself on samādhi. One day, when in a state of trance in a…

A monk whose wife tempted him to return to lay life by placing their child on his lap and going away. When she discovered that Saṅgāmaji would not even talk to his son, she took him away, saying that …

A very learned brahmin of Candalakappa. One day he saw Dhānañjānī trip up, and heard her exclaim three times, “Glory to the Buddha, the arahant, the all enlightened.” He blamed her for thus extolling …

A future king, who will be the Cakkavatti of Ketumatī at the time of the appearance of Metteyya Buddha in the world. He will raise up again the palace of King Mahāpanāda and live there. But later he w …

A brahmin of Aṅguttarāpa. He was a great friend of Keṇiya, the Jaṭila, and visited him when Keṇiya was making preparations to entertain the Buddha. Having heard the word “Buddha” from Keṇiya, Sela was …

…Andhavana under a tree when Māra, in the guise of a stranger, approached her and tried to tempt her. But she refuted his statements regarding the…

SenānigamaSenānīnigama

The village in which Senānī lived. It was near Uruvelā and on the banks of the Nerañjara. SN.i.106 Vin.i.21 MN.i.166 MN.i.240

near Uruvelā1town

…vimāna in the Cātummahārājika world, which was occupied by Pāyāsi during his life there. Gavampati, who used to go…

…the Siṃsapāvana, where Kumāra Kassapa lived, and where he preached the Pāyāsi Sutta to the brahmin Pāyāsi, who held a royal fief there….

SetakaṇṇikaSetakannika

A village forming the southern boundary of the Middle Country. Vin.i.197

the southern boundary of Majjhimadesa3town

A monk of Sāvatthī who was found guilty of various Vinaya offences, and was therefore subjected to the Nissayakamma. Udāyī (Lāludāyi) was his friend and his evil genius. Vin.iii.110f.

SigālakamātāSiṅgālakamātāSigālamātāSiṅgālamātā

She was declared chief of nuns who had attained release by faith. AN.i.25

…but she was won later by Pañcasikha….

…His wife was Sabbakāmā and his son Atula.

• His Bodhi was a puṇḍarīka.
• The Bodhisatta was Arindama, king of Paribhutta.
• Abhibhū…

…of a jatanduva-brahmin. SN.i.117

A story is also told of the temptation by Māra of Samiddhi when he was with the Buddha. SN.i.118

Sakya3town

…ndhu“….

SineruMahāneruMeruSumeruHemameru

A mountain, forming the center of the world. MN.i.338 DN.iii.199 It is eighty thousand leagues broad. AN.iv.100

Sineru is often used in similes, its chief characteri …

SippinikātīraSappinīSappinīkā

A river that flowed through Rājagaha. On its bank was a Paribbājakārāma where famous Paribbājakas lived in the Buddha’s time. AN.i.185 AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 SN.i.153

Rājagaha3river

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of openness, and how when confronted by Death, one should not waste one’s days. Thag.447–452

…verses speak of remaining still in mind amid praise and blame. Thag.159–160

Sirimā²

Sirimā is mentioned in a list of eminent…

SiviraṭṭhaSiveyyaka

The country of the Sivi people, famous for its cloth, which was called Siveyyaka. Vin.i.278 Pajjota gave a pair of robes of this material to Jīvaka, as a present for his cure. The …

…SN.v.437

25.37131, 81.344823parkSiṃsapāvana³

A grove to the north of Setavyā, where Kumāra Kassapa once stayed. It was the scene…

Sobhita¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.71

Sobhita²

A monk who was foremost among those who could remember past births. AN.i.25 Thag.165–166

He was once accused of claiming to poss …

A deva to whom sacrifice is offered; he is generally mentioned with Varuṇa, Pajāpati and Yama. DN.i.244 DN.ii.259

In the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta DN.iii.204 he is spoken of as a Yakkha chief.

A monk whose Theragāthā verses say one should avoid a lzy man and associate with those who are energetic. Thag.147–148

…finger“ wsidom of women. Somā rebuked him, saying that the fact of being a woman was no obstacle to the comprehension of the Dhamma. SN.i.129…

An eminent laywoman, disciple of the Buddha. AN.iv.348

Sopāka¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says one should love all beings, like a woman loves her only child. Thag.33

Sopāka²

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that he walked wit …

SotthijaSotthiya

The constant attendant of Koṇāgamana Buddha. DN.ii.6

A country mentioned in the Mahāgovinda Sutta. DN.ii.235

In the time of King Reṇu, Bharata was king of Sovīra, and Roruka was its capital.

Eder, Gujarat?3region

…monk, foremost in those who strive energetically. AN.i.24 His hands and feet were soft like flowers, and a…

A rich brahmin of Campā, very learned in the Vedas; he lived in a royal domain, given to him as royal fief by King Bimbisāra. When the Buddha was in Campā, on the banks of the Gaggarā-lake, Soṇadaṇḍa …

Soṇā¹

An eminent lay woman, disciple of the Buddha. AN.iv.348

Soṇā²Bahuputtikā

A Therī. She was declared foremost among nuns for capacity of effort. She had ten sons and daugh …

Subha¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Subha²TodeyyaputtaBhāradvāja

A young brahman student. He once visited the Buddha in Sāvatthī, asking him various questions. The interview is …

Subhadda¹

When the Buddha died and the monks stood weeping, Subhadda asked them to rejoice instead, saying— “We are well rid of the Great Monk; we shall now do just as we like.” Mahā Kassa …

…there he visited Baka Brahmā, to whom he preached the Brahmanimantanika Sutta MN.i.326 SN.i.142 It was under a sāla tree in Subhagavana that…

SubhakinnāSubhakiṇṇāSubhakiṇhā

A class of Brahmas who occupy the ninth Rūpa-world; a division of the Subha devā.MN.iii.102 DN.ii.69 MN.i.2 Beings are born in that world as a result of developing the …

…the Parittasubhā, the Appamāṇasubhā and the Subhakiṇhā. MN.iii.102

Subhā²Kammāradhītā

The daughter of a rich goldsmith of…

…restraint. SN.i.53

Subrahmā²

A Pacceka Brahmā. He was a follower of the Buddha, and, after visiting him together with Suddhavāsa,…

An Asura, one of the Dānaveghasas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

A Brahma world; one of the Suddhāvāsā. Five kinds of Anāgāmīs are born there. MN.i.289 DN.ii.52 DN.iii.237

A Brahma world, one of the Suddhāvāsā. The inhabitants of this world are friendly with those of Akaniṭṭhā. DN.ii.52 MN.i.259 DN.iii.237 MN.iii.103

…at Jetavana and spoke two stanzas on the value of earnestness. SN.i.53

Sudatta³SudantaKumāputtassa therassa sahāyaka

A monk whose…

An eminent lay woman disciple of the Buddha. AN.iv.347

…Brahmā who, with Subrahmā, went to visit the Buddha, but, finding him in meditation during the noonday heat, went to see a certain Brahmā…

SuddhikabhāradvājaSuddhikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and stated that a man can be purified only by knowledge of the Vedas. The Buddha answered that it is not knowledge of …

…father of Gotama Buddha.

Māyā was his chief consort, and, after her death her sister Pajāpatī was raised to her position.

Nanda was…

The “Pure Abodes”; a name given to a group of Brahma-worlds—the five highest Rūpa worlds—consisting of Avihā, Atappā, Sudassā, Sudassī and Akaniṭṭhā. DN.iii.237

There anāgāmīs are born, and there th …

Sudhamma¹

He lived in Macchikāsaṇḍa, in a monastery (the Ambātakārāma) provided by Citta. Citta used to invite Sudhamma to his house for meals. One day Sāriputta, at the head of several em …

SudinnaKalandakaputta

A monk who, after being ordained, returned to his former wife and had relations with her, thus becoming guilty of the first Pārājika offence. When there was a famine in the Vajj …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of going forth after one rainy season, then attaining the Dhamma. Thag.24

A monk whose Theragāthā verse cryptically speaks of 100 signs. Thag.106

Sujātā¹

The foremost laywoman in being first to go for refuge. DN.ii.135 AN.i.26

Sujātā²

A lay woman of Ñātikā. The Buddha said that she had become a sotāpanna and had thus as …

Sukkā¹

A bhikkhunī who was famous as a teacher of Dhamma, to the extent that a spirit went Rājagaha about praising her and exhorting others to listen to her Dhamma. Thig.54–56 SN.i.212 SN. …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

Sumana¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of having accomplished all that he was aksed to do. Thag.330–334

Sumana²Cūḷasumana

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of ordaini …

…was the daughter of the king of Kosala and sister of Pasenadi. She is included among the eminent…

Sumaṅgala¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of being well rid of three crooked things, and exhorts himself to meditation. Thag.43

Sumaṅgala²

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses celebrate her freedom from household drudgery and her brutal husband. Thig.23–24

She was the daughter of King Koñca of Mantāvatī. Her Therīgāthā verses, of which she has the greatest number of any of the nuns, speak of the emptiness of the home life and the advantages of going for …

SumāgadhāSumāgavā

A lotus pond near Rājagaha. The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions the Buddha as relating the story of a man who went to Sumāgadhā…

A Licchavi prince of Vesāli. He was, at one time, a member of the Order and the personal attendant of the Buddha, but was later converted to the views of Korakkhattiya and went about defaming the Budd …

A monk of Rājagaha. One day, as he walked through the street, a woman asked him to stop for a moment that she might worship him, and, raising the end of his robe, took his penis into her mouth. A doub …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses tell of how he was tempted by a courtesan. She showed herself to him, decked and adorned and wearing golden slippers, and invited him in with seductive manner. But seein …

SundarikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin, one of the Bhāradvājas. Once, when he was performing Fire-rites on the banks of the Sundarikā, he looked round to see if there were anyone, to whom he could give what …

Sundarī¹

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses consist of a dialogue, firstly between her father Sujāta and a bhikkhunī, Vāsiṭṭhī, Thig.313–324 and later between Sundarī and her mother. Thig …

A teacher of old. He had numerous disciples, and those who followed his teachings were reborn in the Brahma world and in various other worlds. Then Sunetta, seeing that some among his disciples were a …

A minister of Māgadha, who, with Vassakāra, was in charge of the fortifications of Pāṭaligāma, built in order to repel the Vajjīs. These two…

A devaputta, king of the Nimmānaratī world. SN.iv.280 AN.iv.243

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of his humble origins and how he bowed and scaped before many people, until he was lifted up by the Buddha. Practcing in the forest he realized the Dhamma, so that …

A poor leper of Rājagaha, who, one day seated in the outer circle of people, heard the Buddha preach and became a sotāpanna. While waiting the departure of the crowd so that he could pay homage to t …

A nigrodha tree belonging to king Koravya. The king and his court ate the first portion of the fruit as big as pipkins and sweet; the army had the second portion, the town and country people the thi …

SuppavāsāKoliyadhītā

A lay woman who lived in the Koliyan village of Sajjanela, where the Buddha visited her and preached to her on the efficacy of giving food. AN.ii.62f. She was described by the …

Suppiya¹

A Paribbājaka. He was the teacher of Brahmadatta. It was the discussion between these two, in the Ambalaṭṭhikā park, regarding the virtues of the Buddha, his Dhamma and his Order, …

Suppiyā¹

The name of the inhabitants of Rājagaha in the time of Kassapa Buddha. At that time Vepulla was called Supassa. SN.ii.192

Suppiyā²

An upāsaka of Benares. Her husban …

A devaputta, the sun or the god of the sun. Once, when he was seized by Rāhu, lord of the Asuras, he invoked the power of the Buddha, and the Buddha enjoined on Rāhu to let him go. This Rāhu did, an …

…with her, but she favoured Mātali’s son Sikhaṇḍī.

Later she heard Pañcasikha sing love-songs in her honour, which also contained…

…also stayed in Suṃsumāragiri, and there Māra is said to have entered his stomach and to have given him trouble. MN.i.332f.…

Susīma¹

A devaputta. Once, when Ānanda utters high praise of Sāriputta, Susīma, who is present, reflects on it and confirms all that Ānanda has said. The retinue of Susīma listen enraptu …

…of Videha which is opposite Māgadha, on the other side of the Ganges.

that part of Videha which is opposite Māgadha, on the other side of the…

A Deva. Once, when the Asuras marched against the Devas, Sakka sent for Suvīra and asked him to fight the Asuras. Suvīra agreed to do this, but was very lazy about it. This happened three times. Sakka …

Suyāma¹

A devaputta, chief of the Yāma-devas. AN.iv.242 DN.i.217

Suyāma²Suyāmana

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of abandoning unwholesome states of mind. Thag.74

Sāgata

He was the personal attendant of the Buddha at he time when Soṇa Kolvisa visited Bimbisāra, with overseers of the eighty thousand townships of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Sāgata was endowed with supe …

…where be visited Khemā Therī who lived there. Between Sāketa and Sāvatthī was a broad river which could be crossed only by…

…saying, ’Sakyā vata bho kumārā, paramasakyā vata bho rājakumāra; hence their name came to be ‘Sakyā.’

The Buddha states, in the Aggañña…

A courtesan of Rājagaha. She was the mother of Jīvaka Komārabhacca Vin.i.268f. and of his sister Sirimā.

A Sākiyan village where the Sāmagāma Sutta was preached. MN.ii.243 There was a lotus pond in the village. AN.iii.309

The Vedhaññā probably lived there, because, according to the Pāsādika Sutta, DN.ii …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of the happiness of one who practices the right way. Thag.35

SāmaṇḍakaSāmaṇḍakāniSāmañcakāni

A Paribbājaka, mentioned SN.iv.261f. as having visited Sāriputta at Ukkacela and questioned him regarding Nibbāna, and again AN.v.121f. at Nālakagāma, where he que …

…suffering. Thig.37–38

Sāmā²Aparasāmā

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of how, despite having gone forth for 25…

…the Dhamma. Ud.vii.10

Sāmāvatī is reckoned among the moist eminent of the lay women who were followers of the Buddha, and was declared by him…

His mother took him to the monks for ordination, thinking thus to ensure for him supreme happiness. Sānu lost his intellectual discernment and grew distraught and longed to go roaming. His former Yakk …

Sāriputta

The chief disciple of Gotama- Buddha. He is also called Upatissa, which was evidently his personal name. MN.i.150 Sāriputta was a great friend of Mahāmoggallāna. After going forth together …

A mountain in the Middle country, the abode of Sātāgira. Many other Yakkas also lived there, three thousand of whom were present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.257

4hill

He was a fisherman’s son and held the false view that, according to the Buddha’s teaching, a man’s consciousness runs on and continues without break of identity. Sāti’s colleagues did their best to ch …

A Yakkha. He persuaded his friend Hemavata to visit the Buddha on an uposatha day. Hemavata then asked the Buddha a series of questions. Snp.176–205

Sātāgira is mentioned in the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta DN. …

SāṭimattiyaSātimattiya

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of one who formerly had faith but now has no more, and of wandering for alms, a little here and there. Thag.246–248

Sīha¹

A Licchavi general of Vesāli. He was a follower of the Nigaṇṭhas. When the Buddha visited Vesāli, Sīha, having heard reports of his greatness, wished to see him, but Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaput …

One of the seven great lakes of Himavā. AN.iv.107

Himalaya3lake

Māra once tempted her with thoughts of sensual pleasures, but she sent him away discomfited Thig.190–203 SN.i.133f.

…Buddha was staying there, Māra asked him to die. DN.ii.116

In the Sītavana was the Sappasoṇḍikapabbhāra, SN.i.210f. Vin.ii.76…

Sīvaka¹

A Yakkha who helped Anāthapiṇḍika to find the Buddha at Sītavana.Vin.ii.155f. SN.i.211 He is mentioned among the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in time of …

The cloth produced in the Sivi country. Vin.i.278 Pajjota gave a pair of robes of this material to Jīvaka, as a present for his cure. These robes Jīvaka gave to the Buddha. Vin.i.280

A Yakkha. Once, when the Buddha was at the Tankitamañca in Gayā, which was the abode of Sūciloma, Sūciloma and his friend, Khara, happened to be passing by, and Sūciloma, coming up to the Buddha, bent …

One of the sixteen Great Nations. It is mentioned with Maccha, and was located in the south of the Kuru country. Its capital was Mathurā. It is famous in the Epics and the Purānas because of its conne …

A class of Nāgas present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.258

A Pacceka Buddha, MN.iii.69 third among the five hundred sons of Padumavatī, all of whom became Pacceka Buddhas. Suppabuddha, a banker of Rājagaha, having seen the Pacceka Buddha on his way to a park, …

The name of a class of brahmins who might be described as sophists and researchers. MN.ii.21

A large lake below the Vebhāra mountain, outside Rājagaha. The lake was cool, but the stream flowing from it, also called Tapodā, Vin.iii.108 Vin.iv.116f. was hot. Around it was the Tapodārāma.

Mon …

A grove near lake Tapodā. In the grove was a monastery where the Buddha seems to have stayed on several occasions. It is said DN.ii.116 that on one such occasion the Buddha gave Ānanda the chance of a …

One of the three daughters of Māra, who tried to tempt the Buddha under the Ajapāla-nigrodha, soon after the Enlightenment. Snp.p.163 SN.i.124f.

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verse says she may sleep happily now the defilements are stilled. Thig.1

A nun, one of four sisters who all joined the Order, the others being Nandā, Nandavatī and Sundarinandā.

Thulla-Nandā appears to have had charge of a large company of nuns, all of whom followed her …

A nun. She was present when Mahā-Kassapa, in the company of Ānanda, visited the nuns and preached to them. She expressed resentment that Kassapa should dare to preach in the presence of Ānanda. It wa …

A brahmin village on the western boundary of Majjhimadesa. Vin.i.197 It was in the Kosala country and belonged to the Mallas, and was once visited by the Buddha. Ud.vii.9

on the western boundary of M …

A chieftain of the Gandhabbas and father of Suriyavaccasā. DN.ii.266 DN.ii.268

He was present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.258

TindukkhānuTindukkhānuparibbājakārāma

A dwelling of wanderers near Vesāli. It was the residence of Pāthikaputta. DN.iii.17

near Vesāli3non-Buddhist monastery

…monk who was reborn as a Brahmā with great iddhi-powers. Moggallāna visited him soon after his birth in the Brahma-world and asked him…

The Pāḷi equivalent of the Sanskrit Taittirīyā. It refers to students of a branch of brahmanical lore. DN.i.237

…the answers given by the Buddha, are given in the Todeyya-māṇavaa-pucchā. Snp.1088–1091

…Sāvatthī and Sāketa. Pasenadi once stopped there and visited Khemā, who lived there. SN.iv.374

27.145923,82.1255492town

The fourth of the six deva worlds. AN.i.210

Four hundred years of human life are equal to one day of the Tusita world and four thousand years, so reckoned, is the term of life of a deva born in Tusit …

TālaputaTālapuṭa

A stage-manager of Rājagaha. One day he visited the Buddha and asked if it was true that players who delight large audiences are reborn among the gods of laughter. Three times the B …

One of the most eminent great brahmins, contemporary of the Buddha.

He was present at the assemblies of the brahmins in Icchānaṅgala and in Manasākaṭa.

He was the teacher of Bhāradvāja, companion of …

TāvatiṃsāTidasāTidiva

The second of the six deva-worlds, the first being the Cātummahārājika world. Tāvatiṃsā stands at the top of Mount Sineru. Sakka is king of Tāvatiṃsā.

Tāvatiṃsā was also known …

A mote-hall built by the Mallas of Pāvā. When it was finished they invited the Buddha to be its first occupant. The Buddha went with the monks and spent the night in the hall. It was on this occasion …

A Pacceka Buddha found in a list of Pacceka Buddhas. MN.iii.70

Udaya¹

A brahmin of Sāvatthī. One day the Buddha came to his house and he filled the Buddha’s bowl with the food prepared for his own use. Three days in succession the Buddha came, and Uda …

UddakaRāmaputta

One of the teachers under whom Gotama, after leaving the world and before he became the Buddha, received instruction. Uddaka taught him the doctrine which had been realised and procla …

Udena Cetiya Udenacetiya

A shrine of pre-Buddhistic worship, to the east of Vesāli.

It is mentioned with other shrines at Vesāli—Gotamaka, Sārandada, Sattamba, Cāpāla and Bahuputta—all of which are …

Udena¹Utena

King of Kosambī. He was the son of Parantapa. Once when be discovered that the women of the court had given five hundred costly robes to Ānanda, he was annoyed, but when in ans …

Udāyī¹LāludāyīPaṇḍita Udāyī

There were at least two monks called Udāyī, and it is not always possible to be sure which one is meant. When the Buddha preached the Nāgopama Sutta, AN.iii.344 …

He once visited the Buddha and told him how he rivalled in power and wealth the seṭṭhi Migāra, grandson of Rohana. He was worth one hundred thousand in gold alone, to say nothing of silver. The Buddha …

UggahaMeṇḍakanattā

The grandson of the banker Meṇḍaka; he lived in Bhaddiya. Once when the Buddha was staying in the Jātiyāvana at Bhaddiya, Uggaha invited him and three monks to a meal at his house. …

A great brahmin. Having made preparations for a great sacrifice, in which numerous animals were to be slaughtered, he visited the Buddha at Jetavana to consult him as to the efficacy of the sacrifice. …

UggāhamānaSamaṇamaṇḍikāputtaSamaṇamuṇḍikāputta

A Paribbājaka. Once when he was staying near Sāvatthī in Mallikā’s pleasance at…

Ujjaya¹

A Pacceka Buddha, mentioned in the list in the Isigili Sutta. MN.iii.70

Ujjaya²

A monk whose verse is in the Theragāthā. Thag.67

Ujjaya³

A brahmin. He onc …

…between that city and Māgadha, whose king was Seniya Bimbisāra. After Bimbisāra’s death, however, Pajjota seems to have contemplated a…

UkkacelāUkkaceḷāUkkavelāUkkaveḷā

A village in the Vajji country, on the banks of the Ganges, on the road from Rājagaha to Vesāli and near the latter.

Once while Sāriputta was staying there, the Pari …

A district identified with modern Orissa. The merchants Tapussa and Bhalluka were on the way from Ukkalā, when they visited the Buddha shortly after his Awakening, near Uruvelā, and offered food to hi …

A town in Kosala, near the Himālaya. It has been given, free from all taxes (as brahmadeyya), to Pokkharasāti by the king of Kosala, in…

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

…her siesta in Andhavana, Māra tried to arouse in her sensual desires, but she vanquished him and became an arahant. This account is found in…

Upaka¹

An Ājivaka whom the Buddha met on his way between Gayā and the Bodhi Tree, after he set out from Isipatana for the preaching of the First Sermon. Upaka questioned the Buddha on his …

The family to which Pokkharasāti belonged. He was, therefore, called Opamañña. MN.ii.200

…of the Māgadha kingdom. He was present at the conversation, recorded in the Gopaka-Moggallāna Sutta, between Ānanda and…

Upasamā>

A bhikkhunī whose verse is found in the Therīgāthā. Thig.10

UpasenaVaṅgantaputta

When his ordination was but one year old, he ordained another bhikkhu, to increase the number of holy ones, and went with him to wait upon the Buddha. The Buddha roundly rebuked …

…the company of his colleagues, are recorded in the Upasīva-māṇavaa-pucchā. Snp.1069–1076

UpavattaUpavattana

The sāla-grove of the Mallas of Kusināra, on the further side of the Hiraññavatī. This was the last resting-place of the Buddha on his last tour, and here he passed away, lying …

A monk who was occasionally the attendant of the Buddha, and who features in a number of discourses. Once when the Buddha was attacked by cramp, Upavāna, with the help of his lay-friend Devahita, obt …

The name of the Elephant Treasure of the Cakkavatti Mahāsudassana. He was “all white, sevenfold firm (sattappatiṭṭha), wonderful in power, flying through the sky.”. DN.ii.174 MN.iii.173f.

…Buddha declares that Khemā and Uppalavaṇṇā are the measure of his women disciples, and that the believing nun, if she would aspire…

Upāli ¹

One of the most eminent of the Buddha’s immediate disciples. He belonged to a barber’s family in Kapilavatthu and entered the service of the Sākiyan princes. When Anuruddha and his …

A township of the Mallas in the Malla country. Once when the Buddha was staying there, Bhadragaka, the headman of the town, visited him, and the Buddha preached to him a sermon on the arising and the …

…lot and it was then, when Māra had gone away discomfited, that Māra’s three daughters, Taṇhā, Ratī and Ragā, made a final effort to draw…

UruvelākassapaKassapa

One of three brothers, the Tebhātika-Jatilas, living at Uruvelā. After initial resistance, all became the Buddha’s followers. He lived on the banks of the Nerañjara with five h …

A mountain range forming the northern boundary of Majjhimadesa. Vin.i.197

???3hill

Uttamā¹

A bhikkhunī whose verses in the Therīgāthā tell of her repeated struggles before realizing awakening….

…only in the empty Serisakavimāna of the Cātummahārājika world, Uttara was born in Tāvatiṃsā. DN.ii.354–357

Uttara⁶

A pupil…

A mythical region. A detailed description of it is given in the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta. DN.iii.199ff. The men who live there own no property nor have they wives of their own; they do not have to work for t …

A Yakkhinī, mother of Punabbasu and Uttarā. Once as she passed Jetavana at sunset looking for food, with her daughter on her hip and holding her son by his finger, she saw the assembly, intently liste …

A diminutive form of Uttarā used by Uttaramātā, the Yakkhinī, in addressing her daughter. SN.i.210

…the Aṅguttara Nikāya, AN.i.26 she is described as the best of women disciples in jhāna. She is again…

The name given to the region to the north of the river Mahī. See also Aṅguttarāpa.

???3region

…north-west, and from the Himālaya in the north to the Vindhyā in the south.

This region was famous from very early times for its horses and…

UvālaUpavāla

He was examined by the Saṅgha in connection with an offence he had committed. He first denied it, then confessed it, then denied it again, and made counter-charges and spoke lies, knowi …

A wanderer who later became an arahant Thera. Several conversations he had with the Buddha are mentioned in the books. For details see the Tevijja Vacchagotta-, Aggi Vacchagotta-, Mahā Vacchagotta- …

VajirakumārīVajirāVajirī

Daughter of Pasenadi. MN.ii.110

…in Andhavana at Sāvatthī, Māra questioned her as to the origin of a “being”, its creator, its origin, its destiny. Vajirā answers that…

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of dwelling alone in the forest. Thag.62 Vajjiputta’s story is given in the Saṃyutta. SN.i.201f.

A Vajjiputta, perhaps the same person, has another verse that …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of how, after many rebirths he has found peace. Thag.215–216

…follow, a nihilist. Vajjiyamāhita refuted their arguments, maintaining that the Buddha declared what was good and what was bad, and that the…

…Kosala, Malla, Vajji, Kāsi, Māgadha, and thus back, SN.v.348 and he preached to the people, mostly in the Kūṭāgārasālā in Vesāli. Among…

…Buddha went to see his body, and declared that he had obtained Nibbāna and that Māra’s attempt to find the consciousness of Vakkali would prove…

The horse of Mahāsudassana. He is all white, with a crow black head and a dark mane. DN.ii.174 SN.iii.145

Vappa ¹

One of the group of five monks who practiced with the Bodhisatta before his Awakening, and who were his first monastic followers. Vappa was disappointed when the Buddha began takin …

A noted wanderer in the time of the Buddha. He lived with Annabhāra, Sakuludāyī and others in the Paribbājakārāma, on the banks of the Sappinikā, AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 and again in the Moranivāpa in Rāja …

VaraṇāVāraṇā

A city on the banks of the Kaddamadaha, where Ārāmadaṇḍa visited Mahākaccāna. AN.i.65

Avanti3town

A king of the devas, mentioned as the companion of Sakka, Pajāpati and Isāna. In battle against the Asuras, the devas of Tāvatiṃsā were asked to look upon the banner of Varuṇa in order to have all the …

A class of deities present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta.DN.ii.259 DN.ii.260 They probably form the retinue of Varuṇa.

A brahmin, chief minister of Ajātasattu. He and Sunidha were in charge of the fortifications of Pāṭaligāma, built against the Vajjī. Vin.i.228 Ud.viii.6 DN.ii.72ff.

At Ajātasattu’s suggestion, Vass …

…be identical with Vaḍḍhamāna.

Vaḍḍha²

A monk whose Theragāthā verses express thanks to his mother and sister for…

Vaḍḍhamāna

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of putting forth effort as if one’s haor was on fire. Thag.40 Elsewhere Thag.1162 this same…

Vaḍḍhamātā>

An arahant, mother of Vaḍḍha. Her conversation with Vaḍḍha and his declaration to her after becoming an arahant are…

…Bhagga, in which was Suṃsumāragiri, seems to have been subject to the Vaṃsa in the Buddha’s time, for we find Udena’s son, Bodhi, living…

A monk who was declared foremost in the gift of spontaneous poetic expression. AN.i.24

The Theragāthā contains numerous verses spoken by him on various occasions Thag.1208–1279 SN.i.183ff. Some of …

VaṭajālikāyaṃDhavajālikā

A monastery on Sankheyyaka mountain in Mahisa country. A monk, named Uttara, once lived there and was visited by Sakka. AN.iv.162ff.

Sankheyyaka mountain in Mahisa3monastery

The last of the nine aṅgas or portions of the Dhamma classified according to literary form. MN.i.133 Vin.iii.8 It probably included analytical texts.

An epithet of Ajātasattu. It means either “son of the lady from Videha” or “son of the wise woman”.

VedhaññāVedañña

A family of Sākiyans. It was to them that the Pāsādika Sutta was preached. DN.iii.17 From the Sāmagāma Sutta MN.ii.244 it would appear that these Sākiyans lived in Sāmagāma.

VedisaVedisagiri

A city, the home of Devī, mother of Mahinda. He and Sanghamittā were born there, and, just before he left for Ceylon, he went there to visit his mother and stayed for one month in th …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.261

One of the Brahma worlds of the Rūpaloka plane. Beings are born there as a result of developing the fourth jhāna. Their life span is five hundred great aeons. AN.ii.128 AN.ii.129

5heaven

…chariot owned by Sakka, with Mātali as charioteer. SN.i.224

Vejayanta³

The chief of the eighty four thousand chariots owned by…

VekaliṅgaVebhaliṅgaVehaliṅga

A township where lived Ghaṭīkāra, friend of Jotipāla. SN.i.34 SN.i.60

The township was in Kosala, and once, during his long stay in Kosala, the Buddha visited the ārāma …

Chief of the eighty four thousand women who waited on Mahāsudassana, king of Kusāvatī. She was also called Khattiyānī. SN.iii.146 But in the Dīgha DN.ii.187 the chief queen is called Subhaddā.

…and when Rāhu seized Candimā and Suriya and these invoked the power of the Buddha, it was to Vepacitti that Rāhu fled for comfort.SN.i.50…

…In the present age, the Māgadhans, who lived for about one hundred years, could both climb and descend the mountain in very little time….

A brahmin clan. The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions a lady of the gotta living in Kāmandā, who was evidently a teacher. A pupil of hers, having visited Udāyi, then staying in the Todeyya mango grove, told he …

A town in which the Buddha once spent the rainy season at the invitation of the brahmin Verañja. Verañja visits the Buddha at the foot of the Naḷerupucimanda, where he is staying, and asks him a serie …

King of Avanti in the time of Reṇu. His capital was Māhissatī. DN.ii.236

Vessāmitta¹

A celebrated sage of old. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 MN.ii.169 MN.ii.200 AN.iii.224 Vin.i.2451

Vessāmitta²

A Yakkha chief who, with five hundred others of the same name, w …

…three months, and informed Māra and, later, Ānanda, of his decision. The next day he left Vesāli for Bhaṇḍagāma, after taking one last…

The Nāgas of Vesāli who were present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

A river in the Great Hell. SN.i.21 Snp.674 It may be the same as the great “Caustic River” referred to in the Devadatta Sutta. MN.iii.185 Its waters are sharp and bitter, Snp.674 and the river flows b …

A vassal of the Four Great Kings, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

One of the nine aṅgas, into which the Dhamma was organized by way of literary style. It means “Answer” or “Explanation” and refers to discourses elaborated by way of question and answer.

…of a journey in Dakkhiṇāgiri and were entertained by Nandamātā. AN.iv.62f.

22.85379, 82.155763town

VeḷukaṇṭakīVeḷukaṇḍakīVeḷukaṇḍakiyāVeḷukaṇṭakiyā

A lady of Veḷukaṇṭa. She is mentioned as an exemplary lay woman.AN.i.88 AN.ii.164 AN.i.26 SN.ii.236 She founded, for the Order headed by Sāriputta and …

Veḷuvana¹Veṇuvana

A park near Rājagaha, the pleasure garden of Bimbisāra. When the Buddha first visited Rājagaha, after his Enlightenment, he stayed at the Latthivanuyyāna. Vin.i.35 The da …

A deva who was present, with his retinue, at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259 Veṇhu is a Pāḷi form of Viṣṇu.

…at pagoda over them. DN.ii.165 DN.ii.167

near Māgadha3town

A class of devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.261

…on one side of which was Māgadha and on the other Videha. MN.i.225 Adjacent to it were Kāsi and Kosala. One of Bimbisāra’s queens was…

One of the two chief disciples of Kakusandha Buddha. DN.ii.4 SN.ii.191 He received his name because he was a peerless preacher of the Dhamma. MN.i.333

Vijaya¹

A householder, mentioned as an exemplary layman. AN.iii.451

Vijaya²

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that one without defilements may not be traced, like birds in th …

…dwells in freedom and bliss. Thig.169–174 In the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.i.130 Māra, assuming the form of a young man, tried unsuccessfully to…

Vimala¹

One of the four friends of Yasa who, following the latter’s example, joined the Order and attained arahantship. Vin.i.18f.

Vimala²

A monk whose Theragāthā verse spea …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse is in the form of a riddle. Thag.64

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of the fading beuaty of youth and the peace of liberation. Thig.72–76

…his father being Bandhumā and his mother Bandhumatī. He belonged to the Koṇḍañña gotta. He preached his first sermon in Khemamigadāya…

Visākha¹

Husband of Dhammadinnā. After Dhammadinnā had joined the Order, she left the city and retired into the country, returning to Rājagaha after she had attained arahantship. Visākha, …

…offered the Migāramātupāsāda in the Pubbārāma to the Saṅgha.

The Buddha accepted a face towel as a special gift from Visākhā…

One of the vassals of the Four Great Kings present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.257

Vassal of the Four Great Kings present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

Vassal of the Four Great Kings present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

One of the great sages honoured by the brahmins as authors of hymns. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 Compare Rigveda 5.26; Rāmāyana 1.7, etc.

One of the great sages held in esteem by the brahmins. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 DN.i.238 MN.ii.169 MN.ii.200 Vin.i.2451 Compare Vaṃsa in Rigveda 10.99.

A class of deities, followers of Varuda, who were present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

VāsabhagāmakaVāsabhagāma

A village in Kāsī. It was once the residence of Kassapa Thera. Vin.i.312f.

Kāsī3town

A class of devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

Vāseṭṭha¹

An old sage held in high esteem for his knowledge. He was one of the originators of the Vedic mantras. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 MN.ii.164 MN.ii.200

Vāseṭṭha²

A clan, proba …

A class of deities present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

…existence e.g., Piyaṅkaramātā and Punabbasumātā, and even Vessavaṇa, listening to Veḷukaṇḍakī Nandamātā reciting the Parāyana…

The god of death. When beings die they are led before him to be judged according to their deeds. Birth, old age, illness, punishment for crime and death, are regarded as his messengers, sent among men …

A man belonging to the retinue of King Eḷeyya. He was a follower of Uddaka Rāmaputta. AN.ii.180

A sage of old who led a good life and persuaded his followers to do likewise. He was among the originators of the Vedic hymns. Vin.i.245 DN.i.238 DN.i.239 MN.ii.169 MN.ii.200 AN.iii.224 AN.iii.229 AN.iv.61

Two brahmins, probably named Yamelu and Tekula, who proposed to the Buddha that the Dhamma should be put into Sanskrit metre chandasi. The Buddha refused their request. Vin.ii.139

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

…should have sunk into samādhi without greeting them, and three times during the night he tried to remind the Buddha of their arrival; but the…

A brahmin, father of Koṇāgamana Buddha. DN.ii.7

A headman who visited the Buddha and asked if it was true that men who fall fighting in battle are reborn among the Sārañjita devas. At first the Buddha refused to answer the question, but finding tha …

YonaYavānaYonakā

A country and its people. The name is probably the Pāḷi equivalent for Ionians, the Baktrian Greeks. The Yonas are mentioned with the Kambojas in the Assalāyana Sutta MN.ii.149 as pl …

A class of Devas, mentioned in lists of devas between those of Tāvatiṃsā and those of Tusita.Vin.i.12 AN.i.228 AN.iii.287 MN.ii.194 MN.iii.100 Two hundred years of human life are but one day to the Yā …

A generic name for devas distinguished for their brilliance, such as the Parittābhā and the Appamāṇābhā. MN.iii.102

…AN.v.60 In lists of devas MN.i.289 they are given below the Appamāṇābhā and above the Subhā.

5heaven

ĀjīvakāĀjīvikā

A class of naked ascetics, Vin.i.291 followers of Makkhali Gosāla, regarded, from the Buddhist point of view, as the worst of sophists. Numerous references to the Ājīvakas are to be fo …

…Ninka, Vetambarī and Mānava-Gāmiya. Ākoṭaka spoke before the Buddha in praise of various teachers of other schools:…

A physician of Rājagaha who lanced the fistula of a monk. Meeting the Buddha, he told him of the lancing, trying to make fun of it. The Buddha, having made inquiries, declared the performance of such …

…Buddha once stayed there, and it was on that occasion that the Cātumā Sutta was preached. MN.i.456

Cātumā3park

One of the principal disciples of the Buddha. He was a first cousin of the Buddha and was deeply attached to him. Ānanda entered the Order in the second year of the Buddha’s ministry, together with ot …

ĀnandacetiyaĀnande Cetiye

A shrine in Bhoganagara dedicated to a yakkha called Ānanda. There the Buddha stayed during his last sojourn, and mention is made of a sermon he preached there to the monk …

A shipwright, who, with three hundred others, was sent by Mahosadha to the Upper Ganges to secure timber wherewith to build three hundred ships in preparation for Mahosadha’s visit to the capital of P …

A city in the Aṅguttarāpa country, probably its capital. The Buddha once visited the city with 1,250 monks and the whole company was entertained by the Jaṭila Keṇiya. Vin.i.245ff. From Āpaṇa the Bud …

A class of deities who were present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

A brahmin. Once when Mahā Kaccāna was staying at Vāraṇā on the banks of the Kaddamadaha, Ārāmadaṇḍa came to see him and asked him why nobles quarrelled with nobles, brahmins with brahmins, and househo …

ĀrāmikagāmaPilindagāma

The name given to the village in which lived the five hundred park-keepers who were given by Bimbisāra to the Elder Pilindavaccha. It was near Rājagaha and was also called Pil …

A branch of knowledge, dabbling in which is forbidden to monks. Probably the Atharva Veda, which includes sorcery and magic spells. Snp.927

A monk whose verse is in the Theragāthā. Thag.72

…the Buddha arrived in Ātumā and went to stay in the Bhūsāgāra, they made ready rice-gruel and offered it to him. The Buddha, however, would…

A city of the gods, mighty, prosperous and full of devas. DN.ii.147 DN.ii.170

It was one of the chief cities of Uttarakuru, and a royal residence of Kuvera. DN.iii.201

In the Culla Vagga Vin.ii.152 …

ĀḷavīgotamaĀḷavīGotama

A thera, who is mentioned in the Sutta Nipāta Snp.1146 in a verse spoken by the Buddha to Piṅgiya when the Buddha appeared in a ray of light at Bāvarī’s hermitage.

ĀḷārakālāmaĀḷāraKālāma

One of the two teachers to whom Gotama, after his renunciation, first attached himself, the other being Uddaka Rāmaputta. In the Ariyaparivesāna Sutta MN.i.163–165; also M.i.24 …

…Varuṇa, Pajāpati and Brahmā, as being invoked by the brahmins.

He was in the battle of the devas against the Asuras and led a section of the…

ṬaṅkitamañcaTaṅkitamañca

A place near Gayā. It was the residence of the Yakkha Sūciloma and the Buddha once stayed there. Snp.p.47f. SN.i.206

near Gayā3shrine

nem-ártás, ártalmatlanság

nem-ártás, ártalmatlanság

sem szenvedés, sem boldogság; semleges

éntelenség, magátlanság

megszokott irányú, előrefelé

jelleg, másodlagos jegy

lankadatlan figyelem, fáradhatatlan törődés

mérhetetlen, határtalan

rögzült, rögzített összpontosítás

nemes nyolcrétű ösvény

formanélküli

formanélküli elmélyedés

elmúlás, eltűnés

a megvilágosodás velejárói, kísérői

tanítványhoz méltó viselkedés, szent élet

isteni lakhely

dolog, jelenség; a Tan

a Tan tanulmányozása, kutatása

bánat, bánatteli

öregség és halál

halmaz

érzékiség

érzéki irányulás

érzéki vágy

tett, cselekedet

tevékenység

a tettek útja

a meditáció tárgya, gyakorlási terület

ösvény

négy nagy elem (föld, víz, tűz, lég/levegő)

önteltség, önhittség

elme, ész

figyelem

elhatározás

név és forma, az anyagi és tudati jelenség

lemondás

a ragaszkodás öt halmaza

előkészítő összpontosítás

hasonmás-jel, kiegészítő jel

ellentétes irányú, visszafelé

forma, alakzat, anyagiság

késztetés, formáló erő; indíttatás; összetett dolog

összeszedettség

elnyugvás, nyugodt derű

helyes, megfelelő

előírásoktól és szertartásoktól függés

öröm, örömteli

megközelítő összpontosítás

származtatott

támaszték, tápláló

befogadás, felvétel, magasabb beavatás

igyekezet, törekvés

tudatosság, tudomás

vizsgálódás

változékonyság

végsőkig hatoló, átható-, mélyreható tudatműködés

mass of clouds; a thick cloud

(or mfn.) (of) the size of a cloud

(or mfn.) (of) the size of a cloud

1. (mfn.) interior, internal; being within, included in, among; belonging to one ’s house, personal, intimate.
2. (n.)
   1. intermediate space, interval; the inside, interior.
   2. a measure of leng …

intimate; trusted.

being far within; inner, innermost; very intimate.

like a cloud; high as the sky

massing together of clouds

an exclamation of horror or fright or aversion

resounding; made to resound.

rises; springs up.

holds up, raises; makes erect

holds up, raises; makes erect

rising towards; ascending to

rising towards; ascending to

1. (mfn.) astonishing, wonderful; out of the ordinary, strange.
2. (n.) a wonderful thing, a marvel.

the name of one of the nine categories (aṅgas) of the scriptures

makes a wager; lays a bet.

is used often as an exclamation (frequently combined with acchariyam): how wonderful! what an astonishing thing!

who has marched out (against, acc.)

marches against.

an exclamation of horror or fright or aversion

coming, arrival; approach.

1. (n.) a swelling;

   1. the human embryo in the second week after conception.
   2. (metaph.) a tumour, a cancer
2. 1. (n.) a certain high numeral; a great number (of years)
   2. (m.) the name of …

abhi-uyyāta

pp mfn. who has marched out (against, acc.)

I have overcome; I am master over.

sphere of mastering; area of control (one of six or eight stages in overcoming reactions to objects of the senses)

vanquishing, overcoming; one who surpasses; a master, a sovereign.

blows at or on (metal).

the name (of the analytic exposition) of the third pitaka of the Buddhist Canon.

discourse about the doctrine or about dhamma

as regards the doctrine; as regards the dhammas.

hurting.

made offer; has brought; sent a present.

going forward, approach; advance; worsening.

going forward; advance.

goes forward, approaches; advances, progresses; gets worse (of pain or disease).

(as exclamation of admiration, generally repeated:) excellent! wonderful!

constantly ailing

marked out, indicated; characterized; appointed; distinguished.

crushes; oppresses; destroys.

crushed, oppressed; destroyed

with one’s mind directed towards (acc.).

churns, rotates (to make fire); rubs, grinds; afflicts, hurts

churning, making rotate

rotating, rubbing together.

churns, rotates (to make fire); rubs, grinds; afflicts, hurts

churning, making rotate

considered auspicious.

make a noise, sounds.

coming out; going out, leaving a worldly life.

goes out, comes out; esp. goes out from a worldly life, retires from the world.

an invitation.

invites (someone, acc.) to (instr.); offers.

subduing; controlling.

forming, creating (by magic).

creates (by magic or supernatural power); produces, forms, shapes.

produces; effects; makes appear; obtains

makes well-disposed (towards); makes have confidence (in)

delight; pleasure.

delight, content

delights (in); finds pleasure (in); is content; has sexual intercourse (with, saddhiṃ + instr.)

delight, content

gladdening, entertaining; causing to find pleasure (in); producing contentedness.

penetration into; right understanding (of).

(from abhisambhavati) mastering.

reaches, attains; is able, capable (of); is adequate; masters; endures, bears.

reaches, attains; is able, capable (of); is adequate; masters; endures, bears.

having mastered; having endured; having bore.

(from abhisambhavati) mastering.

heaped together; accumulated.

good conduct.

belonging to good conduct (the minimum of decent behavior), proper; relating to the basic discipline; belonging to the basic or minor discipline

makes overflow; floods, drenches

makes overflow; floods, drenches

preparation; development; performance; accumulation of motive force (as a result of action), impetus.

causes to be inaugurated; has made king or queen.

makes haste.

applies oneself to; lays (legal) claim to; claims something (acc.) from someone (acc.), makes someone responsible (for, acc.).

abhiññā¹

absol.

abhiññā²

feminine (& ~a m.?)

1. higher or special knowledge; true understanding.
2. a special or supernatural power or knowledge (five (or six): iddhividhā, …

repeatedly committing an offense

deadly crime (one of the six great crimes: mātughāta, pitughāta, arahantaghāta, lohituppāda, saṅghabheda, aññasatthāruddesa)

an exclamation of horror or fright or aversion

an exclamation of horror or fright or aversion

overcame.

accaguṃaccagū

aor. 3 sg. surpassed, overcame.

living the holy or celibate life absolutely, constantly

living the holy or celibate life absolutely, constantly

accayo maṃ (no) accagamā

(?) a fault has overcome me (us), i.e. has been committed by me (us)

accayo maṃ (no) accagamā

(?) a fault has overcome me (us), i.e. has been committed by me (us)

robe or material for a robe given not at the usual time (because of pressing reasons of the giver)

accha¹

mfn. clear; pure, clean; pellucid; transparent.

accha²

masculine a bear.

wonderful thing, a marvel; amazement

1. (mfn.) wonderful, surprising, strange, marvelous; unusual, exceptional, of rare occurrence.
2. (n. (and m.)) a wonderful thing; a marvel.

wonderful exceptional man

is used often as an exclamation (frequently combined with abbhutaṃ) how wonderful! what a wonderful thing! it’s a marvel!

celestial nymph, a female divinity.

is; sits; remains, stays; continues (doing something); sits idle, sits doing nothing; (often used as an auxiliary with part, or absol.).

rising out (of); being raised above.

flaming, glowing; brilliant.

flaming, glowing; brilliant.

makes govern, lets control.

governed, mastered; dependent.

sacrificing priest; name of a class of brahmans.

the settling of a case or dispute

master of; governing; controlling.

enduring a long journey

road for journeying, a high road

going downwards

lowest, worst; most vile.

one who overpowers; lord, master; conqueror.

superior Brahmā; one higher than Brahmā.

superior Brahmā; one higher than Brahmā.

acquisition, attainment, esp. attainment of a religious goal; understanding; realization.

1. surpasses; excels; masters.
2. receives.

1. subject of discussion or attention; case, legal question; dispute (in the saṅgha, to be formally dealt with).
2. cause.

(a method) of settling a case or dispute

‘having the mind directed towards’, intent on, desiring; pleased; not anxious.

‘having the mind directed towards’, intent on, desiring; pleased; not anxious.

above measure, excessive; very great; greater.

excessive leanness; serious emaciation

makes incline to; sets on; makes enter (another’s body)

1. inclines to; believes, is sure of; is convinced.
2. concentrates on; pervades (in thought or meditation); wills (magically), changes (by magic).
3. enters the body.

an undue estimate of oneself, undue confidence in oneself. illusion; conceit.

having undue confidence in oneself an undue estimate of oneself; conceited.

lord; master; ruler; owner; controller; dominant influence.

adhipāta¹

masculine making fall; injuring; (or splitting).

adhipāta²

masculine flying insect; moth.

having made fall; having laid low.

making fall; injuring; (or splitting)

making fall; injuring; (or splitting)

stands upon, depends upon; mounts; stands over, supervises; controls; designates, takes (formal) possession of (robe, bowl etc); resolves on, fixes the mind on, undertakes; resolves, determines, produ …

stands upon, depends upon; mounts; stands over, supervises; controls; designates, takes (formal) possession of (robe, bowl etc); resolves on, fixes the mind on, undertakes; resolves, determines, produ …

stands upon, depends upon; mounts; stands over, supervises; controls; designates, takes (formal) possession of (robe, bowl etc); resolves on, fixes the mind on, undertakes; resolves, determines, produ …

1. (mfn.)
   1. (pass.) supervised; resolved on, undertaken; brought under control; possessed, designated, formally taken possession of; used.
   2. (act.) standing upon, mounted upon; resolving on; f …

support, basis; standpoint; abode; determination, resolution; fixing the mind on; determining, controlling, producing (by supernatural power); taking (formal) possession of, designating.

stands upon, depends upon; mounts; stands over, supervises; controls; designates, takes (formal) possession of (robe, bowl etc); resolves on, fixes the mind on, undertakes; resolves, determines, produ …

tending to go downwards (to lower existences)

what is below the knee-cap

what is below the knee-cap

the best doctrine; the best state or condition

aggha¹

masculine price; worth.

aggha²

masculine neuter hospitality, respectful reception of a guest; an offering of water etc. to a guest.

1. fire; flames; conflagration.
2. cremation fire; a pyre (as or deal or suicide).
3. the ritual fire, the sacrificial fire; (one of) the three fires of brahmanical ritual; the god Aggi Bhagavā.
4. (m …

oblation in the fire

great mass of fire; a huge blazing fire, a bonfire

filled (to the brim) with fire; being a mass of fire; a mass of fire.

damaged by fire

the chief personal (male) attendant

where there are no villages; without habitation, uninhabited.

an exclamation oh!, expressing;

1. a wish or a hope; oh that… !, would that … !.
2. astonishment or joy; admiration (sometimes ironic): oh! oh indeed!
3. dismay, painful surprise; compassion, regret: …

goat; (m.) a male goat, a billy-goat

death by starvation.

the hairy skin of an animal; esp. the skin of the black antelope (worn as a garment and used as a covering by ascetics).

covering or rug made from pieces of antelope skin sewn together

garment made of skins

ajjhagamā¹

aor. 3 sg.

ajjhagamā²

2 sg.

request, entreaty (esp. to expound or recite the dhamma).

requests; asks (esp for instruction or recitation of the dhamma).

requested; asked (esp. to preach the dhamma)

immersed in, intimate

treads upon, crushes down.

(from ajjhupagacchati) consent, agreeing to.

the territory, grounds of a park.

female goat

free from mud; pure

lack of action; not working; non-activity; not a proper or valid act of the saṅgha

not ready or fit for any act or use

not ready or fit for any act or use

spotless; without blemish

(what is) not made allowable; not marked

akappiya¹

mfn. not lawful or acceptable (for bhikkhus or bhikkhunīs); unsuitable, improper

akappiya²

mfn. not to be theorised about; not subject to imaginings

the not doing, not making; abstention

1. not to be done or made; not to be dealt with; what is not to be done.
2. (mfn.) with nothing to do

not made, not done; not manufactured, not treated, natural; not fashioned; what has not been done; what is not made ( nibbāna)

or neuter an unworked scraper

akataññu¹

neg. mfn. ungrateful

akataññu²

mfn. knowing what is not made ( nibbāna)

not made; not artificial, natural.

whose form or arrangement is not made, is not ordered

not dealt with according to the rule, not restored

untiring, unwearied; making every effort

1. (f.) non-activity; non-performance; abstention (from); failure to act.
2. (f.) the absence of independent activity; the absence of morally significant or morally effective activity

steps on or treads upon; presses upon.

akkha¹

masculine neuter

1. an axle, an axle-tree.
2. the collarbone.

akkha²

masculine a die; dice.

judge; a magistrate.

impatient; not able to put up with; not amenable

not to be made stiff; not be obstructed or hindered

the wrong time, the wrong moment; esp. an inopportune moment to be born as a man, birth in unfavorable circumstances (when one cannot take advantage of a Buddha being in the world)

making whole; complete

making whole; complete

akkhikahāraka¹

masculine one who removes eyes.

akkhikahāraka²

masculine one who collects seeds.

not small or mean; considerable, important

(-ikā)n. & masculine (one) who abuses, scolds, reviles.

an exclamation (designed to terrify)

1. (f.) non-activity; non-performance; abstention (from); failure to act.
2. (f.) the absence of independent activity; the absence of morally significant or morally effective activity

not creaking, not making a noise

not not vulnerable to disturbance; whose essential nature is stability or unchangability

is not steadfast; is not unshakable

wrong practices or actions; evil conduct; harmful factors

robe material given at a time other than the appointed period, or given during the appointed period to a specific bhikkhu or group of bhikkhus

1. not so wishing; unwilling, reluctant.
2. without sensual desire

(-ikā)n. unwilling; not wishing (to)

against one; s will; whether one wishes it or not; without (previous) intention

not creaking, not making a noise

suitable for or worth of the noble ones; truly noble

competent

able; competent

more competent to see what is beneficial; wiser

more competent.

able to discern the goal or what is beneficial

suitable, fit for marriage

competent teacher

competent teacher

(formally) repudiated; separated, estranged

suitable, adequate for the action

or ~ā feminine the dye made from the leaves of the alli plant.

the fruit of the bottle-gourd; a vessel made from the bottle-gourd.

hairy like a gourd

one who belongs to the same household; a companion, esp. a companion of a king, a chief minister,

without possessiveness, without egotism; unselfish.

caused by a non-human, by a demon.

an affliction caused by a demon

undying; not subject to death.

or masculine (extreme) penance undertaken to obtain immortality

or masculine (extreme) penance undertaken to obtain immortality

(constant) equivocation, prevarication; shuffling to and fro.

(one) who equivocates; who gives evasive answers; who cannot be pinned down.

lack of ornament.

amba¹

mfn. sour.

amba²

masculine & neuter

1. (m.) the mango tree.
2. (n. & m.) the mango fruit.

mango thief

kind of bird.

“with a (mere) woman’s wisdom”; silly

woman; a mere woman.

mango rind; mango peel; a small piece of mango.

guardian of mango trees

exclamatory particle used, often with following voc, to attract attention or to address vigorously; sometimes expressing reproach or anger or objection: ho ! hey ! look here ! I say!

made of stone

mother; sg. voc. (a term of familiar address used to females, esp. to a mother)

non-human.

which part mother and son.

not wishing to slander.

not hurting; not disturbing.

lack of penetration; wrong understanding

not mastering; not enduring.

anacchariya¹

mfn. & neuter not marvelous, not surprising; natural; not unusual, unexceptional; a natural thing or occurrence

anacchariya²

mfn. spontaneous, original; not artic …

lack of attainment

1. (mfn.) not determined or fixed; not taken possession of; not resolved on, not undertaken.
2. (n.) the not determining, lack of resolve; the not formally taking possession

not a support; not determining; not fixing one’s mind on. lack of resolve; not taking formal possession.

without beginning (or end, generally of saṃsāra).

(~ā & -ikā)n. & neuter not a little, considerable, great; not a small amount, much. (pl.) many

not passing; not going beyond; not transgressing.

not to be passed; not to be transgressed (against)

freedom from conceit

not conceited; free from pride)

not conceited; free from pride)

none left over; none remaining

dissatisfied, displeased, disgruntled; troubled, worried

not wishing the beneficial, profit of; not wishing (one) well

not covered; (of the kaṭhina) not properly covered; (of the kaṭhina robe-making and ritual) not properly carried out, not properly performed

not despised; honored

absence of contempt; respect.

without any remainder; all; complete; (of an offense) total, irremediable

wishing not to be despised, not to be disregarded.

or masculine dark; or darkness.

made blind, blinded

made blind, blinded

not one, i.e. many, various; of various kinds; countless, numberless

multiplied; manifold

in many ways; in a manifold way; with several parallel expressions

1. (mfn.) various, of various kinds, of many forms.
2. (n.) manifold form; various ways

consisting of many thousands

consisting of many hundreds

relating to more than one body, connected with many bodies

in existence for many years

of several kinds; manifold; various

not free from corruption, tainted

1. not being an owner or master; not empowered, powerless.
2. without an owner or ruler; without a creator

(-ikā)n.

not a woman

rubs down along; strokes (one’s limbs) again and again.

not bowing; not stooping; not sinking.

of superior or excellent energy and exertion

perfectly named; or named for one’s perfection or superior virtues

incomparable, peerless; excellent, best

anta¹

masculine end, limit, conclusion; death, destruction; edge, boundary; extreme, opposing principle.

anta²

mfn. last, ultimate; worst, mean, contemptible.

anta^{3</sup …}

“making an end”, a designation of the god of death, identified with Mārā.

eve; even so much as.

( & n.) a subdivision or intermediate cycle of a mahākappa

from on the road

on the way

market, bazaar.

an offence committed in the meantime (i.e. before the expiration of a parivāsa or mānatta period)

‘dwelling near or in the house (of his master)’, (who is) a (resident) pupil; an apprentice

‘dwelling near or in the house (of his master)’, (who is) a (resident) pupil; an apprentice

‘dwelling near or in the house (of her master)’, (who is) a (resident) pupil; an apprentice

last, final; lowest, meanest.

who has his last body

who has his last body

who has his last body

the last man, the meanest man; last of the line

having his last body

an extreme offense

anto-ārāma

masculine the inner part of an ārāma

anto-āvasatha

masculine the inner part of a dwelling

(a slave) born in the house (of his master)

sad, melancholy

sad, melancholy

within the boundary

within the boundary

anu-aya

masculine

1. lineage, succession; what follows, (logical) connection, inference, consequence.
2. successor, immediate follower

small, minute, atomic; subtle.

makes increase, fosters; devotes oneself to; practices

makes increase, fosters; devotes oneself to; practices

makes increase, fosters; devotes oneself to; practices

walks up and down along; walks up and down with or after.

natural state or essential property; right method; method according to the dhamma, to the doctrine.

following the (right) doctrine; living in accordance with the doctrine

following the (right) doctrine; living in accordance with the doctrine

conformity to the doctrine; right method

1. in accordance with the dhamma, with the doctrine.
2. in accordance with.

(falsely) accusing; (false) accusation; defamation.

(dogmatic) view.

anuggaha¹

masculine favor, kindness; help, assistance.

anuggaha²

mfn. not taking up

anuggahita¹anuggahīta

pp mfn. made happy; satisfied; helped, furthered

anuggahita²

neg. mfn.

being held over.

an element in the training of horses.

goes after, follow; treads upon.

(~ī?)n. n. & masculine ‘with the hair’, in a natural direction or order; suitable,

1. (mfn.) fit; in accordance with.
2. (n.m.) direct order, natural order; conformity, affirmation.

in direct and reversed order, forwards and backwards:

in direct and reversed order, forwards and backwards:

bends with; conforms to, is in accordance (with, acc. or gen.); sets right, puts in proper order

in a natural order; forwards

(~antī)n.

rubs, wipes; beats; applies (continuous) pressureconsiders thoroughly.

touches; takes hold of (to examine); considers, examines.

examining each point; point by point

approved, consented to; permitted

the practice of carrying out a formal act without a quorum, intending to ratify it later.

consenting party.

assents to; approves; gives leave.

(-ikā)n. not distracted; not insane

.

examining each point; point by point

leading; conciliating; supplicating, persuading.

level; even

free from misfortune or accident; safe; undamaged

the not reaching, not entering upon

not the action (of another); not an act of violence

non-existent; is not perceived; is not ascertained.

non-existent; is not perceived; is not ascertained.

incomparable, peerless; excellent, best

having went round about.

keeps moving on after (another) or in succession; continues, maintains

keeps moving on after (another) or in succession; continues, maintains

being given

inquiring after.

not evolved or derived, primary; not evolved by the influence of kamma; inanimate

1. (of nibbāna, at death) without any remnant of material support (the result of previous kamma), absolute.
2. (of arhats) without any remnant of material support.
3. without any trace or infectio …

not evolved or derived, primary; not evolved by the influence of kamma; inanimate

not taking as one’s own, not holding on to; without (material) support, without dependence

1. (mfn.) without taking as one’s own, without holding on to; without (material) support, without fuel.
2. (n.) not holding; on to; absence of support or fuel

one who is not a female lay-disciple

being inclined towards; intimacy.

the supremacy of recollection

one who proclaims (the kammavācā); one who presents for upasampadā.

-ā, feminine

1. causing to be heard, sounding; proclamation (esp. of a kammavācā).
2. canvassing, speaking repeatedly (in order to win support)

causes to be heard; speaks out; proclaims (esp. a kammavācā); presents (someone) for upasampadā; speaks repeatedly (in order to win support)

causes to be heard; speaks out; proclaims (esp. a kammavācā); presents (someone) for upasampadā; speaks repeatedly (in order to win support)

being proclaimed; being announced

not envious, not discontent

the miracle of teaching (one of the three marvels of the Buddha).

-ā, feminine

1. causing to be heard, sounding; proclamation (esp. of a kammavācā).
2. canvassing, speaking repeatedly (in order to win support)

causes to be heard; speaks out; proclaims (esp. a kammavācā); presents (someone) for upasampadā; speaks repeatedly (in order to win support)

not envious, not discontent

causes to go on after, keeps in motion; maintains, continues

causes to go on after, keeps in motion; maintains, continues

making conform to.

searching out, investigating; examining.

is searched out, investigated; is examined.

which can stand scrutiny; who is fit to be questioned

being questioned

practice; performance (?)

every fortnight

every fortnight

makes follow; makes return.

enters, occupies, possesses (said esp. of Māra)

not used; with no mark used or added

not coming; non-return

without belief in future consequences

will not come.

~inī feminine one who does not return (to this world; one who has reached the third stage, and will be reborn only in a Brahma world, and attain arahatship there)

~inī feminine one who does not return (to this world; one who has reached the third stage, and will be reborn only in a Brahma world, and attain arahatship there)

without asking for permission; without consulting

going for alms without asking permission

without asking for permission; without consulting

free from disease.

unsuitable

not following, remaining firm; not subject (to).

pregnant; a pregnant woman.

without another, matchless.

anārambha¹

masculine absence of undertaking; non-exertion

anārambha²

mfn. not involving killing or destruction.

without a basis; without an object

not subject to return (to this world); not liable to turn back or change.

not to be take in marriage (as a wife)

incomparable, peerless; excellent, best

to the left; placed on the left

diminution, decrease; loss, decay; esp. diminution of kamma, decrease of the possibility of rebirth.

finding delight in diminution

apacinati¹

pr. 3 sg. diminishes, makes less; dismantles, does away with

apacināti²

pr. 3 sg. pays attention to; respects

apacināti¹

pr. 3 sg. diminishes, makes less; dismantles, does away with

apacināti²

pr. 3 sg. pays attention to; respects

honoring; respecting; homage.

(~ī)n. made clear or manifest in actions or by its results

departs; goes away; leaves; retires, turns aside.

apalokana-kamma

neuter a (formal) act (of the saṅgha) giving permission or approval.