adjective (-˚) guarding or to be guarded

1. act.: dhamma˚; guardian of righteousness or truth Mil.344
2. pass.: in cpd. dū˚; variant reading du

hard to guard Dhp-a.i.295. ˚kathā, s. l. rukkh …

…MN.ii.101; Ja.iv.292
■ Cp gorakkhā
■ Note. rakkhā at Ja.iii.144 is an old…

KorakkhattaKorakkhattiya

A naked ascetic in Uttarakā. He bellowed like a dog, walked on all fours, and licked up food with his mouth only. Sunakkhatta saw him and greatly admired him, but the Buddha …

A class of Asuras. They were present at the Mahāsamaya, and are spoken of as being of a fearsome shape. DN.ii.259 They are the very lowest of the Asura groups, and the Buddha warns Sunakkhatta that Ko …

A class of demons, chiefly nocturnal and harmful. They usually have their haunt in the water and devour men when bathing there. Some of them live in the sea. Thag.931 Snp.10

A Licchavi prince of Vesāli. He was, at one time, a member of the Order and the personal attendant of the Buddha, but was later converted to the views of Korakkhattiya and went about defaming the Budd …

ThūlūBumūBūmūThulūKhulūKhūlūKhuhū

The name of a gotta. The village of Uttarakā belonged to them, and when the Buddha was staying there with Sunakkhatta, the latter was greatly taken up with the pra …

Uttarakā²

A village of the Thūlūs. The Buddha once stayed there and Sunakkhatta was in his company. At that time Korakkhattiya was also staying there. DN.iii.6

4town

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

megőrzés, oltalom

guarding, preservation, taking care of

(~antī)n.

protects, guards; preserves; takes care of.

guarding, preservation, taking care of

guarding; preservation.

not watchful, not guarding

badly preached.

cowherd.

guard of cornfields.

treasurer; a guardian of the treasury

one who watches over a charge, who guards what has been entrusted to him.

guarded; with a protector

gnawed by mice or rats

guard, protection; preservation; keeping fast.

guarding charioteer

guarding, keeping watch over, preserving.

as a consequence of guarding or holding fast

Anurakkhana-padhāna: the ‘effort to maintain’ advantageous states; see: padhāna

Padhāna: ‘effort.’ The 4 right efforts samma - padhāna forming the 6th stage of the 8-fold path i.e. sammā - vāyāma see: magga are: 1 the effort to avoid samvara-padhāna 2 to overc …

to guard, protect Ja.vi.589 (= pāleti C.). Cp. parirakkhati.

abhi + rakkhati

protection, guard Ja.i.204 (= ārakkhā Ja.i.203).

fr. abhirakkhati

… ■ MN.i.62 SN.i.73 (˚ā rakkhā na bāhirā); SN.iv.7 sq. (āyatanāni); SN.v.101 (anga); AN.i.16 (anga); AN.ii.164 (dhātuyo); AN.iii.400…

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

adjective preserving, keeping up Ja.iv.192 (vaṃsa˚); Ja.vi.1 (id.).

fr. anurakkhati, cp. ˚rakkhin

to guard, watch over (acc.), preserve, protect, shield Snp.149; Dhp.327; Ja.i.46; Pp.12
ppr med˚ rakkhamāna(ka) as adj. Sdhp.621.

anu + rakkhati

-ā (f.) guarding, protection, preservation DN.iii.225 sq.; AN.ii.16 sq.; Ja.i.133 Pp.12; Dpvs.iv.24 (adj.); Vv-a.32 (citta˚); Sdhp.449.

abstr. fr. anurakkhati

adjective guarding, preserving, keeping Ja.v.24.

fr. anurakkhati

adjective in dur˚; difficult to guard Vin.iii.149.

f. anurakkhati

guarding, protection, preservation SN.iv.323 (anuddayā a. anukampā).

= anurakkhaṇā

adjective not to be guarded, viz.

1. impossible to watch (said of women folk) Ja.ii.326 (a. nāma itthiyo); Ja.iii.90 (mātugāmo nāma a.)
2. unnecessary to be guarded Vin.ii.194 (Tathāgatā).

a + rakk …

fallen angel, a Titan pl. asurā the Titans, a class of mythological beings. Dhpāla at Pv-a.272 & the C. on Ja.v.186 define them as kāḷakañjaka-bhedā asurā. The are classed with other similar infer …

strength, force (see [in military sense](/define/in military sense)) Ja.ii.369 (ārakkhassa b.); Mil.101 (kusalassa & akusalassa kammassa b.).

abstr. fr. balavant; cp. Epic Sk. balavattā

producing, dwelling on something, putting one’s thoughts to, application, developing by means of thought or meditation, cultivation by mind, culture
■ See on term Dhs translation 261 (= ² …

…Buddha’s Ja.iii.27.

• -rakkhā protection of external means SN.i.73.
• -lomi with the fleece outside (of a rug)…

…pabbajjāya c. Iti.75 rakkhāya me tvaṃ vihito… udāhu me cetayase vadhāya Ja.iii.146-acinteyya that which must not or cannot be…

…pabbajjāya c. Iti.75 rakkhāya me tvaṃ vihito… udāhu me cetayase vadhāya Ja.iii.146-acinteyya that which must not or cannot be…

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

Vin.iii.112; SN.iii.85; AN.ii.33 = Cnd.420 B³ (: the latter has udaka, but Mnd.14 daka).

• -āsaya (adj.) (beings) living in water AN.ii.33≈;
• -ja (adj …

Du˚¹

(& before vowels dur˚) indeclinable

1. syllable of exclamation (= duḥ “bad, woe” (beginning the word du (j)-jīvitaṃ) Dhp-a.ii.6, Dhp-a.ii.10 = Pv-a.280, cp. Ja.iii.47; Bdhgh’s …

see rakkha & cp. du¹.

du¹ + rakkha

adjective noun masculine one. Eka follows the pron. declension i.e. nom. pl. is eke (e.g. Snp.43, Snp.294, Snp.780 etc.)

1. “one” as number, either with or without contrast to two or more; often al …

Gaha¹

a house, usually in compounds (see below). Ja.iii.396 (= the layman’s life; Com. geha).

• -kāraka a house-builder, metaph. of taṇhā (cp. kāya as geha) Dhp.153, …

…Dhp-a.i.323; -rakkhā (f.) cow-keeping, tending cattle, usually combined with kasī, agriculturing MN.i.85;…

A. On term

Indriya is one of the most comprehensive & important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy & ethics meaning “controlling principle, directive force, élan, δύναμις” in t …

…gotta˚, dhamma˚, sarakkhā, saparidaṇḍā; see Vin.iii.139 for expl^n. SN.i.38 (malaṃ brahmacariyassa), SN.i.43 (id.);…

…gotta˚, dhamma˚, sarakkhā, saparidaṇḍā; see Vin.iii.139 for expl^n. SN.i.38 (malaṃ brahmacariyassa), SN.i.43 (id.);…

Ka˚

(pron. interr.) who? m. ko f. kā (nt. kiṃ, q.v.); follows regular decl. of an atheme with some formations fr. ki˚, which base is otherwise restricted to the nt.
■ From ka˚ also nt. pl. *k …

…belong vāṇijjā and gorakkhā
■ Kamma as a profession or business is regarded as a hindrance to the religious life, & is counted among…

v. irreg. Of the endless variety of forms given by grammarians only the foll. are bona fide and borne out by passages from our texts (when bracketed found in gram. works only).

I. Act

1. I …

Kasi & Kasī

feminine tilling, ploughing; agriculture, cultivation MN.ii.198; SN.i.172, SN.i.173 = Snp.76 sq. Vin.iv.6; Pv.i.5#6 (k˚, gorakkha, vaṇijjā); Pv-a.7 Sdhp.390 (k˚, vaṇijjā); Vv-a.63
■ * …

Kasi & Kasī

feminine tilling, ploughing; agriculture, cultivation MN.ii.198; SN.i.172, SN.i.173 = Snp.76 sq. Vin.iv.6; Pv.i.5#6 (k˚, gorakkha, vaṇijjā); Pv-a.7 Sdhp.390 (k˚, vaṇijjā); Vv-a.63
■ * …

1. (lit.) a field, a plot of land, arable land, a site, DN.i.231; SN.i.134 (bījaṃ khette virūhati; in simile); three kinds of fields at SN.iv.315, viz. agga˚ majjhima˚, hīna˚ (in simile); AN.i.229 = A …

1. (m. the blue jay (Ja.ii.350 k. sakuṇo).
2. (f.) a hen (or the female of the jay?), in simile fr. the Apadāna of a hen watching her egg Vism.36 (aṇḍaṃ anurakkhamānā) Ja.iii.375 (rakkhati); cp. Snp- …

growing corn, the crop on the ground, a cornfield AN.iii.393 (in simile), cp. SN.iv.195.

• -āda eating corn AN.iii.393.
• -ārakkha the guardian of the cornfield SN.iv.196.
• *-[sambādha](/defi …

Kosa¹

masculine neuter any cavity or enclosure containing anything, viz.

1. a store-room or storehouse, treasury or granary AN.iv.95 (rāja˚); Snp.525; Ja.iv.409 (= wealth, stores); Ja.vi …

(nt.; but poetic pl. kulā Pv.ii.9#43)

1. clan a high social grade, “good family,” cp. Gr. (doric) φυά, Goth. kuni. A collection of cognates and agnates, in sense of Ohg. sippa, clan; “house” in sense …

1. m. a class of fairies or genii grouped with Yakkhas, Rakkhasas and Asuras SN.ii.258 (k˚ puriso vehāsaṃ gacchanto); Ja.i.204; Ja.iii.147 (with def.); Mil.267; Dhp-a.i.280; Pgdp.60.
2. nt. a kind of …

metal, esp. copper, brass or bronze It is often used as a general term & the individual application is not always sharply defined. Its comprehensiveness is evident from the classification of *[loha](/ …

pea-hen a peacock Ja.ii.275 (˚upasevin, see C. on this passage), Ja.vi.218, Ja.vi.497; Pv-a.142; Dhp-a.i.394. A peacock’s tail (sometimes used as a fan) is denoted in var. terms in compounds, as *m …

lit. “held in high opinion,” i.e. honoured, worshipped SN.ii.119 (garukata m. pūjita).

pp. of a verb māni-karoti, which stands for māna-karoti, and is substituted for mānita after analogy of purakk …

Ni˚

Nearly all (ultimately prob. all) words under this heading are compounds with the pref. ni.

A. Forms

1. Pāli ni˚; combines the two prefixes ni, nis (nir). They ar …

…Ja.i.267 Ja.iii.26, Ja.iii.188; Dhp-a.i.50; Vv-a.76 (˚etvā rakkhāpetha) Cp. abhi˚.

Sk. nipadyate, ni + pajjati

adjective warding off, keeping back, preventing; refusal Snp.1034, Snp.1035, Snp.1106 (= Cnd.363 āvāraṇa rakkhaṇa gopana); Dhs-a.259; Pv-a.102 Pv-a.278; Sdhp.396.

fr. nivāreti

or f.) charge, only in cpd. oṇi-rakkha a keeper of entrusted wares, bailee Vin.iii.47, Vin.iii.53 (= āhaṭaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gopento).

cp. Vedic oṇi charge, or a kind of Soma vessel

exertion, energetic effort, striving, concentration of mind DN.iii.30 DN.iii.77, DN.iii.104, DN.iii.108, DN.iii.214, DN.iii.238; MN.ii.174, MN.ii.218; SN.i.47; SN.ii.268 SN.iv.360; SN.v.244 sq.; AN.ii …

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

putting to the test, trying Sdhp.403 (sarīra˚, or should we read parirakkhaṇa? Cp. parirakkhati).

fr. parikkhati; cp. Class. Sk. parīkṣaṇa

to watch, guard (carefully) Pv-a.130 (= rakkhati)
pp paripālita (q.v.)
pass -pāliyati Ne.105 (= rakkhitaṃ).

pari + pāleti

to guard, protect; preserve, maintain Snp.678 (pot. ˚rakkhe) Mil.410; Sdhp.413, Sdhp.553 (sīlaṃ).

pari + rakṣ, cp. abhirakkhati

guarding, preserving, keeping Mil.356, Mil.402; Pv-a.130.

fr. pari + rakṣ

…pariyāpuṇāti); AN.ii.73 (rakkhā + parittā); Ja.i.200 (manto + parittaṃ vaḍḍhiṃ), Ja.i.396 (paccekabuddhehi ˚ṃ kārāpeti makes…

surrounded, fig. honoured SN.i.166, SN.i.192 = Thag.1235; Ja.ii.48; purakkhata +); Dhp-a.iv.49 (= purakkhata Dhp.343); Dhs-a.1 (devānaṃ gaṇena); Dāvs i.16 (variant reading for parimārita).

pp. of parivāreti

1. a braid of hair, i.e. the hair twisted & unadorned AN.iii.56
2. a mat, cover DN.i.7 ≈ (see *ajina*˚).
3. custom, usage, wont, tradition Ja.i.89 Ja.ii.353; Ja.v.285; Ja.vi.380 (kula …

worshipped Pv-a.116 (= upaṭṭhita), Pv-a.205 (= purakkhata).

pp. of payirupāsati

…fivefold Ja.i.204 (˚ā abhirakkhā); Ja.vi.341 (˚paduma), ˚bandhana: see this.

• -sādhāraṇa-bhāva fivefold connection Ja.iv.7. *…

*Pura

base of adv. & prep. denoting “before”; abl. purato (adv. & prep. in front of (with gen.), before (only local) Vin.i.179 Vin.ii.32; DN.ii.14 (mātu); SN.i.137; Pv.i.11#1, Pv …

to put in front, to revere, follow, honour; only in foll sporadic forms: ppr. purakkharāna holding before oneself, i.e. looking at SN.iii.9 sq.; aor. 3^rd pl. purakkharuṃ Mil.22; ger. *[ …

honoured, esteemed, preferred DN.i.50; MN.i.85; SN.i.192, SN.i.200; Snp.199, Snp.421 Snp.1015; Mnd.154; Dhp.343 (= parivārita Dhp-a.iv.49) Ja.ii.48 (˚parivārita); Pv.iii.7#1 (= payirupāsita Pv-a.205 …

adverb in front, coram Snp.416 (sic, variant reading BB purakkhato); Ja.vi.242.

fr. puratthaṃ, cp. BSk. purastataḥ Mvu.ii.198

indeclinable before (both local & temporal), thus either “before, in front” or “before, formerly, earlier.” In both meanings the opp. is pacchā -

1. local SN.i.176 (pure hoti t …

to honour etc. Snp.794 = Snp.803; ppr. purekkharāna Snp.844 Snp.910.

for purakkharoti, pure = Sk. puraḥ

…(attha˚ hitesin Vv-a.152); Vb-a.466 (˚mada); Vv-a.72.

for purakkhāra, puraḥ + kṛ; see pure

to watch, keep watch, keep Ja.iii.95 (to keep the eyes open, C. ummisati; opp nimisati); Vism.16 (= rakkhati in def. of pāṭimokkha).

Vedic pāti of pā, cp. Gr. π ̈ωυ herd, ποιμήν shepherd, Lat. pāsc …

emotion of joy, delight, zest exuberance. On term see Dhs. trsl. 11 and Cpd. 243 Classed under sankhārakkhandha, not vedanā˚-DN.i.37, DN.i.75; DN.iii.241, DN.iii.265, DN.iii.288; MN.i.37; SN.ii.30; …

(-˚) adjective only in combination with appa˚ and mahā˚; i.e. having little (or no) and much defilement (or blemish of character) MN.i.169; SN.i.137 (here further combined with ˚jātika; cp. BSk. …

adjective noun

1. guarding, protecting, watching, taking care Pv-a.7; f. -ikā (dāsī) Dhp-a.iv.103 (a servant watching the house).
2. observing, keeping Ja.i.205 (sīla˚).
3. a cultivator Ja.ii.11 …

1. keeping, protection, guarding Ne.41; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.72 (rahassa˚-atthāya so that he should keep the secret); Pv-a.7.
2. observance keeping Vv-a.71 (uposatha-sīla˚); Pv-a.102 (sīla˚), Pv-a.210 …

adjective observing, keeping; one who observes Ja.i.228 (pañca-sīla˚; so read for rakkhānaka).

fr. rakkhana

kind of harmful (nocturnal) demon, usually making the water its haunt and devouring men Thag.931; Snp.310 (Asura˚) Ja.i.127 (daka˚ = udaka˚), Ja.i.170 (id.); Ja.vi.469 (id.); Dhp-a.i.367 (˚pariggahit …

1. to protect, shelter, save, preserve Snp.220; Ja.iv.255 (maṃ rakkheyyātha); Ja.vi.589 (= pāleti); Pv.ii.9#43 (dhanaṃ); Mil.166 (rukkhaṃ), Mil.280 (attānaṃ rakkheyya save himself); Pv-a.7
   grd * …

guarded, protected, saved SN.iv.112 (rakkhitena kāyena, rakkhitāya vācāya etc.) AN.i.7 (cittaṃ r.); Snp.288 (dhamma˚), Snp.315 (gottā˚) Vv-a.72 (mātu˚, pitu˚ etc.); Pv-a.61, Pv-a.130
■ Note. *r …

adjective fierce, awful, terrible Ja.iv.416 (so luddako rudda-rūpo; variant reading ludda˚); Ja.v.425, Ja.v.431 (su-ruddho spelling for su-ruddo, very fierce, explained as su-luddo supharuso); Mhv …

tree. In the rukkha-mūlik’ anga (see below) Bdhgh at Vism.74 gives a list of trees which are not to be selected for the practice of “living at the root of a tree.” These are sīmantarika-rukkha, ceti …

adjective real, true DN.i.182; MN.ii.169; MN.iii.207; Dhp.408; nt. saccaṃ truly, verily, certainly Mil.120; saccaṃ kira is it really true? DN.i.113; Vin.i.45, Vin.i.60; Ja.i.107; saccato truly S …

1. attainment, success accomplishment; happiness, good fortune; blessing bliss AN.i.38; Pv.ii.9#47 (= sampatti Pv-a.132)
   ■ Sampadā in its pregnant meaning is applied to the accomplishments of th …

to honour MN.ii.169.

saṃ + purakkharoti

Sārakkhati = saṃrakkhati

Thag.729.

to guard, ward off Sdhp.364.

saṃ + rakkhati

arranging, providing, arrangement DN.i.135; Ja.i.140 (rakkhā˚).

fr. saṃvidahati

arranged, prepared, provided Ja.i.133 (˚ārakkha i.e. protected); in cpd. su˚; well arranged or appointed, fully provided DN.ii.75; MN.ii.75; DN-a.i.147, DN-a.i.182; a˚; unappointed Vin.i.175; Vi …

one of the most difficult terms in Buddhist metaphysics, in which the blending of the subjective-objective view of the world and of happening peculiar to the East, is so complete, that it is almost i …

dog AN.i.48; AN.ii.122; Thig.509; Ja.i.175, Ja.i.189; Ja.ii.128, Ja.ii.246; Pv-a.151, Pv-a.206
■ rukkha˚ some sort of animal Ja.vi.538. fem. sunakhī a bitch Ja.iv.400
■ Na …

…AN.ii.56; Snp.567. Opp. durakkhāta Vism.213 (in detail).

su + akkhāta; on the long ā cp. Geiger, P.Gr. § 7; BSk….

Sāraka¹

adjective (-˚) having as most essential Mil.133; a-sāraka rotten (said of wood) Ja.ii.163.

fr. sāra

Sāraka²

a messenger.

fr. sarati¹

Sāraka³ …

Sārakkhati = saṃrakkhati

Thag.729.

“standing under protection” (?), a category of married women Vin.iii.139 (cp MN.i.287).

fr. sa³ + rakkha

1. the string or cord of a lute, etc.; thread made of tendon Vin.i.182; Thig.390 (cp. Thag-a.257); Ja.iv.389; Dhp-a.i.163; Pv-a.151.
2. line lineage (+ paveṇi custom, tradition) Ja.vi.380; Dhp-a. …

water Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.213; DN.ii.15 (˚assa dhārā gushes or showers of w.); Dhp.80 Dhp.145; Ja.i.212; Pv.i.5#7; Pp.31, Pp.32; Mil.318; Vv-a.20 (udake temanaṃ aggimhe tāpanaṃ); Dhp-a.i.289; Dhp-a. …

1. a bamboo Snp.38 (vaṃso visālo va; vaṃso explained at Cnd.556 as “veḷugumba,” at Snp-a.76 as “veḷu”), ibid. (˚kaḷīra) Ja.vi.57; Vism.255 (˚kaḷīra); Kp-a.50 (id.).
2. race lineage, family AN.ii.27 …

to arrange, appoint, assign; to provide; to practise
pres vidahati: see saṃ˚ vidadhāti Ja.vi.537; vidheti Ja.v.107.
pot vidahe Snp.927 (= vidaheyya Mnd.382);
aor *[ …

(as special term in Buddhist metaphysics) a mental quality as a constituent of individuality, the bearer of (individual) life, life-force (as extending also over rebirths), principle of conscious lif …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

watch, guard, protection, care DN.ii.59; DN.iii.289; SN.iv.97, SN.iv.175, SN.iv.195; AN.ii.120; AN.iii.38; AN.iv.266, AN.iv.270, AN.iv.281 (˚sampadā), AN.iv.322 (id.), AN.iv.400; AN.v.29 sq.; Ja.i.203 …

guard, watchman Ja.iv.29.

fr. ārakkha