…lakes of the Himavant (see sara), enumerated e.g. at Vism.416.

• -sāra (of) great sap, i.e. great wealth…

…or the 7 great lakes: see sara³; ˚yojana 7 miles, cp. the 7 league-boots!). Extremely frequent in folklore and fairy…

…sacred texts in the Sarabhañña manner Vin.ii.300.

• -sara an imitative word; sarasaraṃ karoti to make the noise sarasara…

…of its combination with sara to below 8!), Snp.686 (anoma˚); Vism.422 (evaṃ˚ = odato vā sāmo vā). Cp. -pokkharatā….

…pītibhakkha, of the Ābhassaras), DN.i.34 (attā dibbo rūpī m. sabbanga-paccangī etc.), DN.i.77 (id.), DN.i.186 (id.); Vin.ii.185…

…pītibhakkha, of the Ābhassaras), DN.i.34 (attā dibbo rūpī m. sabbanga-paccangī etc.), DN.i.77 (id.), DN.i.186 (id.); Vin.ii.185…

…-sara a reed: Saccharum Sara, used as medicine Dhs-a.78.

• -sāra (Dhp-a.i.268) &…

Agga¹

adjective noun

1. (adj.)
   1. of time: the first, foremost Dpvs.iv.13 (saṅgahaṃ first collection). See cpds
   2. of space: the highest, topmost, Ja.i.52 (˚sākhā)
   3. of qual …

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

lotus Dāvs iii.83.

saras + ruha

…(cp. Sk. p.-vyūha-samādhi a kind of concentration & see Ja translation ii.275).

• -sara a lotus pond Ja.i.221 Ja.v.337;…

…poison, poisoned Ja.iv.435 (sara, a poisoned arrow); perhaps to be read at Iti.68 for duṭṭha (scil. sara) and at SN.ii.230 for diṭṭha Cp….

“lake-born,” a lotus Dāvs iii.13.

Sk. saroja, saras + ja

…by analogy of ati + a + sara (smṛ) Not with Morris (J.P.T.S. 1889, 200) a corruption of accaya + sara (smṛ), thus meaning “mindful…

multitude DN-a.i.40.

vi + sara

…sare Ja.vi.227
imper sara Thag.445; & sarāhi Mil.79; 3^rd sg. saratu Vin.i.273
ppr saraṃ Mhvs.3,…

adjective unconscious DN.i.54 (˚gabbhā, cp. DN-a.i.163); iii.111, iii.140, iii.263; Iti.87; Snp.874.

a + saññin

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

name.

1. Literal. nom. nāmaṃ SN.i.39; Snp.808; Ja.ii.131; Mil.27; acc. nāmaṃ Pv-a.145 (likhi: he wrote her name)
   ■ nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Snp.344 Cnd.466 (n’ etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “ …

strength, but only in meaning of strength-giving, nutritive essence (appl; ^d. to food). MN.i.245 SN.ii.87 SN.v.162 (dhamm’) AN.iii.396 Ja.i.68 Dhs.646 Dhs.740, Dhs.875 Mil.156 Dhp-a.ii.15 …

to cease to exist SN.iii.56 (fut. ˚issati); Snp.873 (vibhoti); Mnd.279 (id.)
pp vibhūta.

vi + bhavati

salt; as adj., salty, of salt, alkaline- Vin.i.202 (loṇāni bhesajjāni alkaline medicine among which are given sāmuddaṃ kāḷaloṇaṃ sindhavaṃ ubbhidaṃ bilaṃ as var. kinds of salt), Vin.i.220 = Vin.i.243 …

form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc.

1. Definitions. According to P. expositors rūpa takes its designation fr. ruppati, e.g. “ruppanato rūpaṃ” Vism.588; “ruppan’ a …

associating with Mil.396; connected with, provided with Mhvs.19, Mhvs.69; combined, constituted Snp.873, Snp.874.

pp. of sameti

or feminine? the moon. By itself only in similes at Dhp.208 Dhp.387 (at end of pada) & in “abbhā mutto va candimā MN.ii.104 = Dhp.172 = Thag.871; Dhp.382 = Thag.873; Pts.i.175
■ Otherwise only in co …

adjective

1. (adj.) clever, skilful, expert; good, right, meritorious MN.i.226; Dhp.44; Ja.i.222 Esp. appl. in moral sense (= puñña), whereas akusala is practically equivalent to pāpa. ekam pi ce pāṇ …

(& kallāṇa)

1. (adj.) beautiful, charming; auspicious, helpful, morally good. Syn bhaddaka Pv-a.9, Pv-a.116) and kusala (SN.ii.118; Pv-a.9 Pv-a.122); opp. pāpa (SN.i.83; MN.i.43; Pv-a.101, Pv-a …

…MN.i.305; DN.iii.229;

• -saraṇa relying on or putting one’s faith in the Dh. (see above C 3) DN.iii.58 DN.iii.77;…

adjective noun

1. (racial) Aryan DN.ii.87.
2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by Aryans, gene …

…harnessing Vin.ii.108 (sara˚: accuracy in sound, harmony); Ja.iii.314 (massu˚ beard-dressing, explained by massu-kiriyā. Here…

…safeguard, safety DN.i.9 (sara from an arrow, i.e. a shield); DN.iii.189; Ja.vi.455; Pv-a.284; Sdhp.396.

• -kitikā a protecting arrangement…

…of sound (sara) DN.ii.20 (˚ssara); SN.i.180 SN.i.190; Snp.350, Snp.668; Vv.5#3, Vv.36#1, Vv.36#4 (˚rūpa), Vv.50#18 (girā) Vv.63#6, Vv.64#10…

…AN.v.92, AN.v.97 sq.; sara˚; memories & hopes MN.i.453; SN.iv.76 vyāpāda˚, vihiṃsa˚, malicious, cruel purposes, MN.ii.27 sq.;…

…SN.iv.157; AN.iii.158 (sara˚); Snp.1074; Mil.202, Mil.258, Mil.391; Pv-a.11, Pv-a.47 (vāta˚) Pv-a.62 (visa˚), Pv-a.67, Pv-a.284…

adjective

1. having or making a sound, well-sounding Vin.i.182; AN.iii.375.
2. with a noise Mhvs.25, Mhvs.38.

sara⁵ + vant

…˚vitakheti reflect over, ˚sara con-sequential; etc 2. applied: according to, in conformity with. E.g. ˚kūla being to will ˚chavika…

…(udaka˚), Ja.i.223 (sara˚), Ja.ii.200 (angana˚); Pv.ii.13#12; Dhp-a.iii.172 (parisa˚). 2. limit, boundary, restriction, limitation…

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

whip Vin.i.99 (in Uddāna); MN.i.87, etc.; Dhp.143; Mil.197
■ -kasāhi tāḷeti to whip lash, flog as punishment for malefactors here, as well as in Niraya (see kamma-karaṇā) MN.i …

(and gamiya Ja.i.87) adjective going away, setting out for a journey (opp. āgantuka coming back) appl. to bhikkhus only: Vin.i.292 (˚ bhatta food for outgoing bh.); Vin.ii.170 (āgantuka˚), Vin.ii.21 …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

1. talk talking, conversation AN.i.130; Pv-a.39. So in antarā˚ DN.i.179; Snp.p.107, Snp.p.115; cp. sallāpa. Also in tiracchāna˚; low, common speech, comprising 28 kinds of conversational talk a b …

Karīsa¹

neuter a square measure of land, being that space on which a karīsa of seed can be sown (Tamil karīsa) see Rhys Davids, Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon, p. 18; Ja.i.94, Ja.i …

adjective noun anything made with a definite object in view, prepared, arranged; or that which is fit, suitable, proper. See also DN-a.i.103 & Kp-a.115 for var. meanings.

I. Literal Meaning # …

adjective dark, black, as attr. of darkness, opposed to light, syn. with kāḷa (q.v. for etym.); opp. sukka. In general it is hard to separate the lit. and fig. meanings, an ethical implication is to b …

1. abundance, superfluity, great quantity MN.i.171; AN.iv.87 (˚kathā) AN.iv.87; Pts.i.197; Ja.i.81.
2. luxurious living, swaggering, puffed up frame of mind Vin.i.9, Vin.i.59, Vin.i.209; Vin.ii.197; V …

(& cattālīsa) forty SN.ii.85; Snp.p.87; Iti.99≈. Usually cattāḷīsa Ja.i.58; Ja.v.433; Dhp-a.i.41; Dhp-a.ii.9. 93.

• -danta having 40 teeth (one of the characteristics of a Mahāp …

trading, trade Vin.i.229 = DN.ii.87 = Ud.88 (with ref. to Pāṭaliputta).

vaṇik + patha, in meaning patha 2

the fact of being endowed with viññāṇa SN.iii.87; Pv-a.63.

abstr. formation fr. viññāṇa

(as special term in Buddhist metaphysics) a mental quality as a constituent of individuality, the bearer of (individual) life, life-force (as extending also over rebirths), principle of conscious lif …

Pāli (Pāḷi)

feminine

1. a line, row Dāvs iii.61; Dāvs iv.3; Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ ākāra˚), Vism.251 (danta˚); Snp-a.87.
2. a line, norm thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli Canon …

piercing or getting pierced DN-a.i.75; DN-a.ii.87 (kaṇṇa˚-mangala, ear-piercing ceremony) Pv-a.107.

fr. vijjhati

sprinkled, poured out, anointed Ja.v.87; Pp.31; Mil.286; Dhs-a.307; Dhp-a.i.10; Vv-a.69.

pp. of āsiñcati, Sk. āsikta

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

to give, etc.

I. Forms

The foll. bases form the Pāli verb-system: dā, dāy, dadā & di.

1. Bases dā & (reduced); da
   1. dā˚: fut. dassati Ja.i.113, Ja.i.279 Ja.i …

perfect in meaning of pret. & pres. “he says or he said” he spoke, also spoke to somebody (w. acc.), as at Ja.i.197 (cullalohitaṃ āha). Usually in 3^rd person, very rarely used of 2^{nd</ …}

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

…distress Vin.iv.212, Vin.iv.229.

fr. vi + sarati, of svar

tree AN.iii.43; Ja.i.87, Ja.i.272; Ja.ii.75, Ja.ii.270; Ja.vi.249, Ja.vi.528; Vv.84#14; Mil.278 Mil.347; Vv-a.161.

• -agga
  1. the top of a tree Ja.ii.155.
  2. a splendid tree V …

living, livelihood SN.iii.93; AN.v.87, AN.v.210; Ja.iv.459; Mil.122; Snp-a.466. Freq. in combination ˚ṃ kappeti to find or get one’s living: Ja.ii.209; Pv-a.40, etc.; ˚kappaka finding one’s liveliho …

adjective both; nom. acc. ubho SN.i.87; AN.iii.48 = Iti.16; Iti.43 = Snp.661 = Dhp.306; Snp.220 Snp.543, Snp.597; Dhp.74, Dhp.256, Dhp.269; Dhp.412; Mnd.109; Pv.i.7#6 Ja.i.223; Ja.ii.3; Pv-a.13, Pv- …

this word is beset with difficulties, the phrase satt-ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings, evidently the result of an original application & meaning having become obliterated satt˚ is taken as …

phlegm Vin.ii.137; DN.ii.14, DN.ii.293; AN.ii.87; AN.iii.101; AN.iv.320; Snp.198, Snp.434; Mil.112, Mil.303 Physiologically in detail at Vism.359; Vb-a.65, Vb-a.244.

= silesuma

merit meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth & a future blissful state, the enjoyment (& duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accum …

Pāli (Pāḷi)

feminine

1. a line, row Dāvs iii.61; Dāvs iv.3; Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ ākāra˚), Vism.251 (danta˚); Snp-a.87.
2. a line, norm thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli Canon …

flag MN.i.379; Mil.87; Vism.469; Thag-a.70.

cp. Sk. paṭāka, connected with paṭa

to beat against SN.ii.98 (ure); Ja.vi.87; Vism.504 (urāni).

paṭi + piṃsati

adjective grassy Thag.211; Ja.i.87; Ja.vi.518); Mil.286; Pv.ii.12#10 (= taruṇa-tiṇa Pv-a.158).

cp. Sk. śādvala

(being of) the same class or caste Vin.i.87; Ja.ii.108 (˚putta).

sa² + jāti

transitive

1. to send forth, set going Vin.i.87 (assūni); SN.ii.282 (id.) Ja.i.147 (selagulaṃ pavaṭṭ˚); esp. in phrase dhammacakkaṃ p. to inaugurate the reign of righteousness Vin.i.8, Vin.i.11; MN …

now Mil.87; sampatijāta, just born DN.ii.15 = MN.iii.123. Cp. sampaṭike.

saṃ + paṭi; cp. Sk. samprati

connection, friendliness, intimacy SN.i.87; AN.iii.422 (pāpa˚ & kalyāṇa˚); AN.iv.283 sq.; AN.v.24, AN.v.199; Dhs.1326; Pp.20, Pp.24; Dhs-a.394. Cp anu˚ Vin.ii.88.

fr. last

boiling (-hot) mixture (of oil?) MN.i.87, explained by C. as katita-(= kaṭh˚) gomaya, boiling cow-dung, variant reading chakaṇakā see p.537. The id. p. at Cnd.199 reads chakaṇaṭī, evidently a bon …

heap, cluster, multitude; a grove (vana˚ DN.i.87; SN.iii.108; Vin.i.23; Ja.i.134 (vana˚); satta˚ teeming with beings Iti.21
■ Jambu˚; Name of Jambudīpa Snp.352 = Thag.822 (variant reading ˚maṇḍa …

gold; (adj.) golden Mhvs.5, Mhvs.87; Vv.5#4, Vv.36#7.

• -ālaṅkāra with golden ornaments Ja.ii.48.
• -dhaja with golden flags Ja.ii.48.
• -bhiṅkāra a gold …

stone Dāvs iii.87.

Lit. Sk. upala, etym. uncertain

adjective easily contented AN.i.87; Pp.26 (opp. dut˚).

su + grd. of tappati²

whetstone Dāvs iii.87 (˚opala).

Sk. nikasa, ni + kasati

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

son, child Mhvs.38, Mhvs.87.

Vedic sūnu, fr. sū, cp. sūti

adjective auspicious prosperous, lucky, festive Mnd.87, Mnd.88; Kp-a.118 sq. Snp-a.273, Snp-a.595; Sdhp.551
■ nt. maṅgalaṃ good omen auspices, festivity Snp.258; Vin.ii.129; Pv-a.17. A curious …

bolster Ja.iv.87; Ja.vi.185.

connected with masāraka

grass, herb; weed; straw; thatch hay, litter SN.iii.137 (tiṇa, kasā, kusa, babbaja, bīraṇa) satiṇakaṭṭhodaka full of grass, wood & water (of an estate) DN.i.87, DN.i.111, etc.; sītaṃ vā uṇhaṃ vā rajo …

1. nt. a woollen carpet (DN-a.i.87 = as used for dancing-women), together with kaṭṭhissa and koseyya in list of forbidden articles of bedding DN.i.7 = AN. …

…Snp-a.325; Dhs-a.195. -ssara “heavenly sound, a divine voice, a beautiful and deep voice (with 8 fine qualities: see enumerated under bindu)…

to bring, offer, present AN.ii.87; AN.iii.33; Dhp.i.301, Dhp.i.302; Ja.v.477.

upa + hṛ.

either positive: indeed, surely, truly DN.i.87; Snp.p.103; Ja.iv.391 (as khaḷu); Mhvs.vii.17; or negative: indeed not Vism.60 (= paṭisedhan’ atthe nipāto). -pacchābhattika (adj.) = na p˚: a per …

…Snp-a.325; Dhs-a.195. -ssara “heavenly sound, a divine voice, a beautiful and deep voice (with 8 fine qualities: see enumerated under bindu)…

orig. meaning “tube,” container, hollow pocket.

1. a container, usually made of leaves (cp Ja.iv.436; Ja.v.441; Ja.vi.236), to carry fruit or other viands a pocket, basket: ucchu˚; basket for sugar …

…dhanavā); DN-a.i.281 (= issara); Dhp-a.ii.37 (˚kula) Sdhp.270 (satasākh˚), Sdhp.312 (guṇ˚), Sdhp.540 sq. (id.), Sdhp.561.

Sk. āḍhya…

to declare, announce, tell Snp.87 Snp.172;
imper akkhāhi Snp.988, Snp.1085;
aor akkhāsi Snp.251, Snp.504, Snp.1131 (= ācikkhi etc. Cnd.465);
fut akkhissati Pv.iv.1#63; …

to surpass, excel SN.i.87 = DN-a.i.32; DN.iii.146; SN.iv.275; AN.iii.33; Iti.19. Ger adhigayha Pv.ii.9#62 = Dhp-a.iii.219 (variant reading BB at both pass. atikkamma); & adhiggahetvā Iti.20
pp …

covering Ja.i.9; DN-a.i.87
■ f. -ikā a layer Ja.i.9; Ja.v.280.

= atthara