shore; riverbank.

…Pv-a.142, Pv-a.152
■ tīra-dassin finding the shore SN.iii.164; AN.iii.368
■ a-tīra-dassanī (f.) not seeing the shore (nāvā a…

In the old Pāḷi literature the name Dakkhiṇāpatha would seem to indicate only a remote settlement or colony on the banks of the upper Godāvarī. Thus, we are told that Bāvarī had his hermitage in Dakkh …

A class of devas possessing lovely forms. Once a large number of them visited Anuruddha at the Ghositirāma and announced to him that in a trice they could assume any colour they desired, produce any s …

SippinikātīraSappinīSappinīkā

A river that flowed through Rājagaha. On its bank was a Paribbājakārāma where famous Paribbājakas lived in…

unlimited.

the householder’s treasure (one of the seven treasures of the cakkavatti(n) emperor)

going horizontally; an animal.

birth or existence as an animal; the animal class.

going crosswise or obliquely or horizontally; (m.f) an animal; a (non-human)

(being) an animal, a (non-human) creature.

(one) given to worldly, frivolous talk.

worldly, frivolous talk; chatter, gossip.

worldly science (especially connected with prognosticating)

birth or existence as an animal; the animal class.

leading to an animal birth.

going to an animal birth.

going to an animal birth.

(one) belonging to the animal class.

partridge.

like partridge feathers (of a kind of a shoe)

who sees or finds the shore.

who sees or finds the shore.

[[foolish babble]]Foolish babble: sampha - ppalāpa see: kamma, kamma -pat ha I; cf. tiracchāna - kathā.

[[frivolous talk]]Frivolous talk: cf. tiracchāna - kathā kamma-patha I, 7, kamma.

[[investigating function]]Investigating function: of consciousness: santīrana see: viññāna-kicca

…full understanding through: tīranapariññā see: pariññā - ‘Investigation’ vīmamsā is one of the 4 roads to power iddhipāda and one…

…p f.u. as investigating tīrana - p and f.u. as overcoming pahāna - p In Vis.M XX, 3 it is said:

Full understanding of the known is…

Talk: low: tiracchāna - kathā

Tiracchāna-kathā: ‘low talk’, lit. ‘beastly talk’, is the name in the sutta-texts for the following:;Talk about kings and robbers, ministers and armies, danger and war, eating and drinking, clot …

Tiracchāna-yoni: ‘animal womb’; birth as animal. The animal kingdom belongs to the sense-world see: loka is one of the 4 lower worlds see: apāya and one of the 3 woeful courses of existence …

Tīrana-pariññā: ‘full understanding by investigating’; see: pariññā.

…drawing a stick or sword Cnd.576#4 (cp abbhokkiraṇa). Or is it abbhuttīraṇa (cp. uttiṇṇa outlet).

abhi + ud + kṛ.

talk, phrasing, expression Snp.49 (vācâbhilāpa making phrases, talking, idle or objectionable speech = tiracchanakathā Cnd.561); Iti.89 (? reading abhilāpāyaṃ uncertain, vv.ll. abhipāyaṃ abhipāpāyaṃ a …

adverb along side or near the bank (of a river) Snp.18 (= tīra-samīpe Snp-a.28) Cp. anu A b.

anu + tīre, loc. of tīra

…(+ atiṇṇaṃ, C. paratīraṃ atiṇṇaṃ). 2. (fig.) not the further shore (of life), the world here, i.e. (opp. pāraṃ Nibbāna)…

fallen angel, a Titan pl. asurā the Titans, a class of mythological beings. Dhpāla at Pv-a.272 & the C. on Ja.v.186 define them as kāḷakañjaka-bhedā asurā. The are classed with other similar infer …

adjective too long, extremely long Ja.iv.165; Pv.ii.10#2; Vv-a.103 (opp. atirassa).

ati + dīgha

adjective too short (opp. atidīgha) Vin.iv.7; Ja.vi.457; Vv-a.103.

ati + rassa

adverb late in the night, at midnight Ja.i.436 (opp. atipabhāte).

ati + ratti; cp. atidivā

higher king, the greatest king, more than a king Dhp-a.ii.60; Mil.277.

ati + rājā

adjective noun not seeing the shore Ja.i.46; Ja.vi.440; also as atīradassanī (f.) Ja.v.75 (nāvā). Cp. DN.i.222.

a + tīra + dassin

speech, conversation, way of talking, disputation Snp.328 (variant reading for hassa); Iti.71; Mil.90; Vism.127 (grouped into fit talk as the 10 kathā-vatthus, and unfit talk or gossip, as the 32 tir …

adjective bald-headed, close shaven Vin.i.71 (˚kamma shaving), Vin.i.76 (kammāra˚); Ja.iii.22; Ja.vi.538 (+ tittira); Mil.11, Mil.128.

etym. uncertain, dialectical or = paṇḍu?

one who is getting trained, dependent, a freed slave, villager subject. Only in compounds like bhojisiyaṃ [bhoja + isi ya = issariya] mastery over dependence, i.e. independence SN.i.44, SN.i.45; *b …

I. Crude meaning

1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dhp.1; Pv-a.65 (ratha˚); Mil.27.
2. a discus used as a missile weapon Ja.i.74; Pgdp.36; cp khura˚ a razor as an instr. of torture.
3. a disc, a …

decoy-bird (Com. dīpaka-tittira, exciting partridge) Ja.iii.357.

…DN.i.222.

fr. dakkhati, see…

…Snp-a.411; cp. dassāvin); tīra˚ SN.iii.164 sq.; AN.iii.368, cp. tīra-dakkhin; dīgha˚ (= sabbadassāvin) Pv-a.196; bhaya˚ Dhp.31…

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

Dīpa¹

a lamp Ja.ii.104 (˚ṃ jāleti to light a l.); Dhp-a.ii.49 (id.), Dhp-a.ii.94 (id.)

• -acci the flame of a lamp Thag-a.154;
• -āloka light of …

Dīpaka¹

(= dīpa¹)

1. f. dīpikā a lamp, in daṇḍa˚ a torch Dhp-a.i.220, Dhp-a.i.399, -
2. (˚-) an image of, having the appearance of, sham etc.; in *-[kakkara](/define/kak …

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

to know.

I. Forms

The 2 Vedic roots jān˚ & jñā˚; are represented in Pali by jān˚ & ñā˚ (ña˚)

1. jān:
   pres jānāti
   pot jāneyya (Snp.781) & jaññā (AN.iv.366 …

tortoise, turtle SN.iv.177 (kummo kacchapo); in simile of the blind turtle (kāṇo k.) MN.iii.169 = SN.v.455; Thig.500 (cp J.P.T.S. 1907, 73, 174)
■ f. kacchapinī a female t Mil.67.

• *-[lakkhaṇ …

adjective (-˚) relating, speaking, conversing about, expounding, in compounds citta˚ Thig.449 (cp. citra-kathin); tiracchāna˚; AN.iv.153 dhamma˚; Ja.i.148; Ja.iii.342; Ja.iv.2 (˚thera); Ja.vi. …

1. talk talking, conversation AN.i.130; Pv-a.39. So in antarā˚ DN.i.179; Snp.p.107, Snp.p.115; cp. sallāpa. Also in tiracchāna˚; low, common speech, comprising 28 kinds of conversational talk a b …

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

human being, man. The popular etym. connects m. with Manu(s), the ancestor of men, e.g. Kp-a.123: “Manuno apaccā ti manussā, porāṇā pana bhaṇanti ʻmana-ussannatāya manussa’; te Jambudīpakā, Aparagoy …

…Ja.v.325; Ja.vi.536 (tīra˚) Mhvs.34, Mhvs.70; Mhvs.36, Mhvs.59 (vāpi˚); Mil.416. 2. strictly defined relation, rule, control Ja.ii.215;…

…of a river Cp.iii.7#1;

• -tīra = ˚kūla Ja.i.278;
• -dugga a difficult ford in a river SN.ii.198; *…

collection (“body”) assemblage, class, group.

1. generally (always-˚): eka˚; one class of beings Dhs-a.66; tiracchāna˚; the animal kingdom SN.iii.152; deva˚; the assembly of the gods, the g …

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

adjective leading out (of saṃsāra), leading to salvation, salutary, sanctifying, saving profitable DN.i.235, DN.i.237; SN.i.220; SN.v.82, SN.v.166, SN.v.255, SN.v.379 sq. Ja.i.48 (a˚), Ja.i.106; Dhs.2 …

…in comb^n. orima-tīra the shore on this side, the near shore (opp. pāra˚ and pārima˚ the far side) DN.i.244; SN.iv.175…

…vicinanto tulayanto tīrayanto Mnd.185; = pavicinati Snp-a.545); fut. pacessati Dhp.44, Dhp.45 (sic F.; MSS…

…vicinanto tulayanto tīrayanto Mnd.185; = pavicinati Snp-a.545); fut. pacessati Dhp.44, Dhp.45 (sic F.; MSS…

…Ja.iii.504 (˚nadī-tīra). 3. limitation, restriction Dhp-a.ii.88, Dhp-a.ii.98; Pv-a.20 (˚ṃ karoti to restrict). 4. division (of…

…distinguished viz. ñāta˚, tīraṇa˚ pahāna˚, which are differently interpreted & applied according to the various contexts See e.g. the…

stiff DN.ii.335; Dhs-a.307. Also as patthinna at Vin.i.286 (= atirajitattā thaddha Bdhgh on p. 391); Vism.361 (= thīna p. Vism262); Vb-a.67 (˚sneha).

pa + thīna

shouting out, roar Dāvs iv.52.

paṭi + rava

hostile king, royal adversary Ja.vi.472; Dhp-a.i.193.

paṭi + rājā

dead, departed, the departed spirit. The Buddhistic peta represents the Vedic pitaraḥ (manes, cp. pitṛyajña), as well as the Brāhmaṇic preta. The first are souls of the “fathers, …

adjective that which is prone, going prone; DN-a.i.23 where the passage is “tiracchāna-gata-pāṇāpoṇika-nikāyo cikkhallika-nikāyo ti,” quoted from SN.iii.152, where it runs thus: “tiracchāna-gata …

…only combined with -tīra the farther shore DN.i.244; MN.i.134 MN.i.135; SN.iv.174; Mil.269; Dhp-a.ii.100. Cp. BSk pārimaṃ tīraṃ…

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

reaching, getting to Mil.355, Mil.356 (tīra˚).

fr. sampāpuṇāti

…of judging Tikp.33 Vism.21, Vism.454.

saṃ + tīraṇa

dust heap DN.ii.160; SN.ii.270; MN.i.334. Explained as “sankāra-ṭṭhāna” K.S. ii.203.

unexplained

Sota¹

neuter ear, the organ of hearing Vin.i.9, Vin.i.34; DN.i.21; Snp.345 (nom pl. sotā); Vism.444 (defined); Dhs.601; Dhs-a.310-dibba-sota the divine ear (cp. dibba-cakkhu) DN.i.79 D …

…tāyate tiro, tiriyaṃ, tīra, tīreti.

Vedic tarati, *ter (tṛ) to get to the other side, cp. Lat. termen, terminus, Gr. τέρμα,…

adverb across, obliquely; in -bhūta deviating, going wrong, swerving from the right direction DN-a.i.89 (see under tiracchāna-kathā).

Vedic tiryañc, obliquely, from **te …

an animal Iti.92 (tiracchānaṃ ca yoniyo for tiracchāna-yoniyo); Vb.339 (˚gāminī paṭipadā leading to rebirth among beasts); Vv-a.23 (manussatiracchāna an animal-man, wild man, “werwolf”).

• *-[kat …

adverb transversely, obliquely, horizontally (as opp to uddhaṃ vertically, above, & adho beneath), slanting across. In combⁿ uddhaṃ adho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi “in all directions whatever” DN.i …

preposition & adverb (always ˚-) across, beyond, over, outside afar. See also tiraccha & tiriyaṃ.

-karaṇī (f.) a curtain, a veil (lit. “drawing across” Vin.i.276; Vin.ii.152; -kucchigata havin …

1. (adj.) one who is outside, or absent Vin.iii.185.
2. (adv.) in tirokkha-vāca one who speaks abusively or with disregard Ja.v.78.

= tiras + ka, cp. tiraskāra disdain abuse

partridge Ja.i.218; Ja.iii.538. -pattikā a kind of boot Vin.i.186.

Onomat. cp. Vedic tittira & tittiri, Gr.; τατύρας pheasant, Lit. teterva heath-cock; Lat. tetrinnio to cackle

adjective belonging to a partridge, like a partridge Ja.i.219 (brahmacariya).

fr. tittira

…Cnd.413 (variant reading tir˚); Ne.54 (+ vipassanā), Ne.82 (≈ñāṇa), Ne.191; Vism.162
■ tīraṇa is one of the 3 pariññās, viz….

adjective dwelling on the banks of… Vin.ii.287.

from tīra

…are Gambhīra-cārin and Anutīra-cārin.

Vedic udra, to uda² water, lit. living in water; Cp. Gr. υ ̔́δρος “hydra”; Ohg….

…read with variant reading for T. uddhā pavatta; C explains as tīra-mariyādā-bandhana).

fr. uddāpa

carrying away, washing away Snp.391 (sanghāṭi-raj-ûpa˚ = paṃsu-malādino sanghāṭirajassa dhovanaṃ Snp-a.375).

upa + vāhana

1. dispute, quarrel Ja.i.208 (ñātakānaṃ aññamaññaṃ viggaho); Mil.90 often combined with kalaha, e.g. Vin.ii.88; AN.iv.401 Mnd.302; Mil.383.
2. taking up form (lit. seizing on), “in …

adjective (-˚) having vijjā, possessed of wisdom; in vatthu˚, tiracchāna˚, nakkhatta˚ etc. (referring to the lower arts condemned as heretic: vijjā c.) SN.iii.239 te˚; possessed of t …

word, saying, speech; also as adj. (-˚) vaca speaking, of such a speech (e.g. duṭṭha˚ Pv.i.3#2, so to be read for dukkha˚)
■ DN.iii.69 sq., DN.iii.96 sq., DN.iii.171 sq. SN.iv.132 …

1. the womb.
2. origin, way of birth, place of birth, realm of existence; nature, matrix There are four yonis or ways of being born or generation viz. aṇḍaja oviparous creation, …

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …