Tapa & Tapo

1. torment, punishment, penance, esp. religious austerity, self-chastisement ascetic practice. This was condemned by the Buddha: Gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ upavadati …

Tapa & Tapo

1. torment, punishment, penance, esp. religious austerity, self-chastisement ascetic practice. This was condemned by the Buddha: Gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ upavadati …

adjective noun one devoted to religious austerities, an ascetic (non-Buddhist). Fig. one who exercises self-control & attains mastery over his senses Vin.i.234 = AN.iv.184 (tapassī samaṇo Gotamo); D …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

…tapo). 2. (as f.) tapanī Ja.v.201 (in metaphorical play of word with aggi & brahmacārin Com….

Teja & Tejo

“sharpness,” heat, flame, fire, light; radiance, effulgence splendour, glory, energy, strength, power DN.ii.259 (personified as deva, among the 4 Elements paṭhavī, āpo, t., vāyo; cp. tejo …

Teja & Tejo

“sharpness,” heat, flame, fire, light; radiance, effulgence splendour, glory, energy, strength, power DN.ii.259 (personified as deva, among the 4 Elements paṭhavī, āpo, t., vāyo; cp. tejo …

1. (adj.) that which ought to be done, that which is to be performed; nt something to do Dhp-a.i.15. defined as kātabban ti kiccaṃ kiñcid eva karaṇīyan ti Kp-a.218; kattabaṃ karaṇīyaṃ Dhp-a.iii.452 …

-Y-

combination consonant (sandhi), inserted (euphonically) between 2 vowels for the avoidance of hiatus. It has arisen purely phonetically from i as a sort of “gliding or semi-vowel within a wo …

atta (the latter is the form used in comp^n.)

I. Inflection

1. of attan- (n. stem); the foll. cases are the most freq:
   ■ acc. attānaṃ DN.i.13, DN.i.18 …

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

…Dh. (by heart); see above C4. combined w. Vinayadhara Vin.i.127, Vin.i.337; Vin.ii.8; AN.i.117, & bahussuta (ibid) Snp.58 (cp. Snp-a.110)
…

base of numeral four

1. As num. adj. nom. & acc. m cattāro (Dhp.109; Ja.iii.51) and caturo (Snp.84, Snp.188), f. catasso (Snp.1122), nt. cattāri (Snp.227); gen. m. catunnaṃ (Snp.p.102), (f. catassa …

disgust with the world, taedium Ne.61 (taken as abhinibbhidā, according to expl^n. as “padālanā-paññatti avijj˚aṇḍa-kosānaṃ”), Ne.98 (so MSS, but C. abhinibbidhā).

abhi + nibbidā; confus …

Anuvyañjana & anubyañjana

(e.g. Vin.iv.15; Ja.i.12) neuter accompanying (i.e. secondary attribute, minor or inferior characteristic, supplementary or additional sign or mark (cf. mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa …

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …

Araṇa¹

adjective noun (adj.) living in solitude, far from the madding crowd MN.iii.237 (˚vibhanga-sutta); SN.i.44, SN.i.45; Ja.i.340 (tittha˚?).

Vedic araṇa fr. *ara √ ṛ; which as abl …

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

Anuvyañjana & anubyañjana

(e.g. Vin.iv.15; Ja.i.12) neuter accompanying (i.e. secondary attribute, minor or inferior characteristic, supplementary or additional sign or mark (cf. mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa …

1. as nt. subst. what? sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ what is the obstruction? Snp.1032; kiṃ tava patthanāya what is it about your wish, i.e. what good is your wish? Vv-a.226; kim idaṃ this is what, that is …

adjective able to give offence, hateful, evil (always combined with rajanīya, cp. rāga dosa moha AN.iii.110 (dusanīye dussati, where Iti.84 has dosaneyye) Ja.vi.9; Mil.386.

cp. Sk. dveṣanīya, because …

Ya˚

I. Forms

(See inflection also at Geiger, P.Gr. § 110.) The decl. is similar to that of ta˚ among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.
■ sg. nom. m. *[yo](/define/y …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

adverb elsewhere, somewhere else Ja.v.252; Pv.iv.1#62. In comp^n. also añña˚, e.g. aññatra-yoga (adj.) following another discipline DN.i.187; MN.i.487
■ As prep. c. abl. (and instr.) but …

A.

1. of place:
   1. place where there, in that place Snp.1071, Snp.1085; Dhp.58; Ja.i.278; Pv.i.10#15; often with eva: tatth’ eva right there, on the (very same) spot SN.i.116; Ja.ii.154; …

orig. a divine saying or decision, hence a secret plan (cp. def. of mant at Dhtp.578 by “gutta-bhāsane”), counsel; hence magic charm, spell. In particular a secret religious code or doctrine, esp. …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

adjective facing, turned towards, approaching Ja.ii.3 (˚ā ahesuṃ met each other). usually -˚ turned to, going to, inclined towards DN.i.50 (purattha˚) Ja.i.203 (devaloka˚), Ja.i.223 (varaṇa-rukkha˚) …

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

Agga¹

adjective noun

1. (adj.)
   1. of time: the first, foremost Dpvs.iv.13 (saṅgahaṃ first collection). See cpds
   2. of space: the highest, topmost, Ja.i.52 (˚sākhā)
   3. of qual …

adverb as, like, in relation to, after (the manner of)
■ As prep. (with acc.): according (to some condition, norm or rule): yathā kāmaṃ (already Vedic) according to his desire …

Piṭṭhi & Piṭṭhī

feminine

1. the back Vin.ii.200 (piṭṭhī); MN.i.354; Ja.i.207; Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.279. piṭṭhiṃ (paccāmittassa) passati to see the (enemy’s) back, i.e. to see the …

ko ca (noun) … ko (ca) (noun)…

1. how great a difference there is between A and B!; how far is A from B !; what is the difference between A and B?
2. in the same construction, with two nouns, ko is t …

Piṭṭhi & Piṭṭhī

feminine

1. the back Vin.ii.200 (piṭṭhī); MN.i.354; Ja.i.207; Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.279. piṭṭhiṃ (paccāmittassa) passati to see the (enemy’s) back, i.e. to see the …

picked up, taken (improperly); taken up, grasped; comprehended; learnt

one who practises tapas, an ascetic (brahmin). Eight kinds are enumerated at DN-a.i.270 & Snp-a.295
■ Ja.ii.101, Ja.ii.102; Ja.v.201; Pv-a.153 -pabbajjā the life of an a. Ja.iii.119; Dhp-a.iv …

1. taken, grasped; taken up, undertaken.
2. used, employed (of the distinguishing mark on a robe).

1. taken hold of, taken for one’s own; grasped; used.
2. evolved, derived, esp. evolved by the influence of previous kamma (usually explained by commentaries as meaning 1.); animate.
3. not holding on …

1. taken hold of, taken for one’s own; grasped; used.
2. evolved, derived, esp. evolved by the influence of previous kamma (usually explained by commentaries as meaning (1) animate.
3. not holding ont …

taken, seized, taken up, haunted, occupied Vin.iii.51 (manussānaṃ p. by men), Vin.iv.31, Vin.iv.278; Dhp-a.i.13 (amanussa˚ by ghosts); Pv-a.87 Pv-a.133; Sdhp.64
■ f. abstr, -tā being possessed …

taken up, taken, acquired Vin.i.212; Ja.iii.168 (˚sippa, adj.), Ja.iii.325; Ja.iv.220; Ja.vi.76; Vism.241. The metric form is uggahīta at Snp.795, Snp.833, Snp.1098 Mnd.175 = Cnd.152 (= gahita parām …

picked up, taken (improperly); taken up, grasped; comprehended; learnt

having received or taken taking up, seizing on, receiving; freq. used in the sense of a prep. “with” (c. acc.) Snp.120, Snp.247, Snp.452; Ja.v.13 Vb.245; Dhp-a.ii.74; Snp-a.139; Pv-a.10, Pv-a.13, …

adjective to be taken, to be seized, as nt, the grip, in gayhūpaga (adj.) for being taken up, for common use Snp-a.283
■ (nt.) that which comes into one’s grasp, movable property, acquisition of …

same meaning as addhan but as simplex only used with reference to time (i.e. a long time, cp. Vv-a.117 addhānaṃ = ciraṃ). Usually in phrase atītaṃ (anāgataṃ etc.) addhānaṃ in …

Atta¹

that which has been taken up, assumed. atta-daṇḍa, he who has taken a stick in hand, a violent person, SN.i.236; SN.iv.117; Snp.630, Snp.935; Dhp.406. Attañjaha, rejecting what …

1. that which may be taken; grasping, taking; grasp, handful, booty. In cpd. -hārin taking all that can be taken, rapacious, ravaging Ja.vi.581 (of an army; Kern,

   Toevoegselen

   i.133 wro …

adjective noun to be taken; taking away; only in phrase acorāharaṇo nidhi a treasure not to be taken by thieves Mil.320; Kp.viii.9; Kp-a.224; Sdhp.589.

fr. āharati

resting place, shelter, resort; house, dwelling; fig. (this meaning according to later commentators prevailing in anoka, liking, fondness, attachment to (worldly things) SN.iii.9 = Snp.844 (okam pahāy …

having taken away or off, only in cpd. -cumbaṭā with the “cumbaṭa” taken off, descriptive of a woman in her habit of carrying vessels on her head (on the cumbaṭa stand) Vin.iii.140 = Vv-a.73 (Hard …

to go forth from (abl.), go out, issue Dhs-a.91; esp. fig. to leave the household life, to retire from the world Snp.64 (= gehā abhinikkhamitvā kāsāya-vattho hutvā Snp-a.117).

abhi + nikkhamati

taken; assumed; grasped.

to be taken; to be undertaken; to be used.

uppāda¹

masculine an unusual or startling event, taken as a portent; theinterpretation of portents

uppāda²

masculine coming into being, appearance; production.

touched, taken hold of, occupied Vv-a.113 (an˚ khetta virgin land).

pp. of āmasati

taken care of, looked after, considered Ja.vi.142, Ja.vi.149 (= olokita C.).

pp. of apekkhati

an unusual or startling event, taken as a portent; the interpretation of portents

taken away or off; removed, dispelled Pv-a.39.

Sk. apanīta, pp. of apa + nī, see apaneti & cp. also onīta = apanīta

(from upādāna) likely to be taken as one’s own, tending to produce grasping; serving as a support or fuel.

who has taken a stick in hand; who administers justice; who has embraced violence

Ajeyya¹ & Ajjeyya;

adjective

1. not to be taken by force Kp.viii.8 (cp. Kp-a.223).
2. not to be overpowered, invincible Snp.288; Ja.v.509.

a + jeyya, grd. of jayati, q.v.

Ajeyya^{2 …}

(from ādāya gacchati, ’he goes with, he takes ’), to be gone with; to be taken; going with.

intent on what one has taken up

brought, taken, used

1. is brought or taken; is offered; is related.
2. takes for oneself uses; eats

1. is brought or taken; is offered; is related.
2. takes for oneself uses; eats

causes to be taken or fetched; sends for; demands

adjective removed, taken away, stolen, robbed Vin.iv.278, Vin.iv.303; Ja.ii.78 Ja.iv.45; Ja.v.212.

ā + chinna, pp. of acchindati

confided in, taken into confidence MN.ii.52 (variant reading ˚visaṭṭha).

abhi + vissattha, pp. of abhivissasati, Sk. abhiviśvasta

causes to be taken or fetched; sends for; demands

āraddha¹

pp mfn. (pass.) taken hold of, undertaken, begun, initiated

āraddha²

mfn. accomplished, achieved; pleased; satisfied.

āttañjahadaṇḍa¹

mfn. who has taken a stick in hand, who has embraced violence

āttañjahadaṇḍa²

mfn. a raised stick; violence

intent on what one has taken up

having taken leave; having asked for permission; (n.) asking permission, taking leave

1. sun-heat Snp.52; Ja.i.336; Dhs.617; Dpvs.i.57; Vv-a.54; Pv-a.58.
2. glow, heat (in general Pv.i.7#4; Sdhp.396.
3. (fig.) (cp. tapa²) ardour, zeal exertion Pv-a.98 (viriyā-tapa; perh …

taken away, stolen Ja.iii.54.

pp. of apa + ā + bhṛ; cp. Vedic apa-bharati, but Lat. aufero to ava˚

released, freed, discharged, taken off Iti.56 (read omutt’assa Mārapāso for T. omukkassa m.).

pp. of omuñcati

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

taken out, removed DN.i.136; SN.iii.131; Thag.604; Dhp.250; Snp.14, Snp.360; Iti.83; Ja.iv.345 (Kern, wrongly, “combined”).

pp. of samūhanati

to take with oneself, to take upon oneself, to undertake DN.i.146; imper. samādiya Bv.ii.118 = Ja.i.20; aor. samādiyi SN.i.232; Ja.i.219; ger samādiyitvā SN.i.232; & *[samād …

taken up, undertaken AN.ii.193.

pp. of samādiyati

seized, taken up Snp.352, Snp.785, Snp.801, Snp.837, Snp.907; Mnd.76, Mnd.100, Mnd.193.

pp. of samuggaṇhāti

sort of penance, attached to the commission of a sanghādisesa offence Dhs-a.399 (+ parivāsa). -ṃ deti to inflict penance on somebody Vin.ii.7 (+ parivāsaṃ deti); Vin.iv.225. mānatt’ āraha dese …

only found in one ster. phrase, viz. onīta-patta-pāṇi “having removed (or removing) his hand from the bowl” a phrase causing constructional difficulties & sometimes taken in glosses as “onitta˚” ( …

taken up, lifted up, t.t. of the canon law “suspended” Vin.iv.218; Ja.iii.487.

• -āsika with drawn sword MN.i.377; SN.iv.173; Ja.i.393; Dhs-a.329; Vism.230 (vadhaka), Vism.479.
• *-[paligha](/de …

taken into the order, made a bhikkhu MN.ii.62.

pp. of pabbājeti

taken over, “had,” overcome, deceived MN.i.511 (nikata vañcita p. where variant reading and id p. SN.iv.307 however reads paluddha); Ja.iii.260 (dava˚ abhibhūta C.).

pp. of pa + labh

(rajas) & Raja neuter

1. Forms.
   ■ Both rajo & rajaṃ occur as noun & acc. sg., e.g. rajo at DN.ii.19; Snp.207, Snp.334; Dhs.617; rajaṃ at Snp.275; Iti.83; once (in verse) *[rajo](/define/rajo …

1. measure, size, amount SN.ii.235; AN.i.88; AN.iii.52, AN.iii.356 sq.; AN.v.140 sq. Mil.285 (cp. trsl. ii.133, n. 2); Snp-a.137; Vv-a.16; Pv-a.55 (ghaṭa˚), Pv-a.70 (ekahattha˚), Pv-a.99 (*tāla …

to be carried about (or better “taken care of,” according to Bdhgh’s explⁿ Snp-a.253; see also Brethren 226) Snp.205 = Thag.453.

Pass. of pariharati, Sk. parihriyate in development ˚hri …

received, got, accepted, appropriated, taken Vin.i.206, Vin.i.214; Ja.vi.231
■ As appaṭiggahitaka (nt.) “that which is not received” at Vin.iv.90.

pp. of paṭigganhāti

accepted, taken up Snp.803 (pl. -tāse, cp. Mnd.113 & Snp-a.531).

pp. of paṭicchati

(having) obtained, taken, received Snp.106, Snp.239; Ja.v.171; Mhvs.5, Mhvs.133 (kiñci laddhaṃ); Mhvs.10, Mhvs.37 (kaññā laddhā); Pv-a.5
■ laddhatvaṃ at Ja.iv.406 is to be corrected to uddhatvā …

the fact of being taken Pv-a.56.

abstr. fr. ppr. med. of labhati