…Dh. (by heart); see above C4. combined w. Vinayadhara Vin.i.127, Vin.i.337; Vin.ii.8; AN.i.117, & bahussuta (ibid) Snp.58 (cp. Snp-a.110)
…

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

NāḷandāNālaNālakaNālikaUpatissagāma

Mentioned as a brahmin village in Māgadha, not far from Rājagaha. SN.iv.251 AN.v.120 AN.v.121 SN.v.161

Also mentioned as a town near Rājagaha. The Buddha is menti …

A banyan tree in Uruvelā, on the banks of the Nerañjara, near the Bodhi tree. A week after the Enlightenment the Buddha went there and spent a week cross-legged at the foot of the tree. There he met …

A market town near Kosambī. The Buddha went there and was warned by cowherds and others not to approach Ambatiṭṭha as a fierce Nāga dwelt there. Sāgata Thera, hearing this, went to Ambatiṭṭha and subd …

A park in Pāṭaliputta. It was evidently the residence of monks from very early times, probably, for some time, of the Buddha himself. The Mahāvagga Vin.i.300 mentions the names of several theras who l …

A township in Kāsī, the residence, among others, of Citta-Gahapati. SN.iv.281

It contained the Ambāṭakavana, which Citta presented as a monastery for the monks, at the head of whom was Mahānāma.

S …

A mountain in North India, on the Upper Ganges. There, for some time, lived the Thera Sambhūta Sānavāsi, and it was there that Yasa Kākandakaputta saw him. The meeting of arahants to discuss what meas …

The Buddha visited Pātaligāma shortly before his death. Although it later became the capital of Magadha, it was then a mere village. At that time Ajātasattu’s ministers, Sunīdha and Vassakāra, were en …

v. irreg. Of the endless variety of forms given by grammarians only the foll. are bona fide and borne out by passages from our texts (when bracketed found in gram. works only).

I. Act

1. I …

A thera. He had a brother, also a monk, named Isibhatta. Having spent the rainy season in Sāvatthī, they went to take up their abode in a certain village. The people there gave them food and robes, bu …

Nikata¹

An upāsaka of Ñātikā. After death he was born in the Suddhāvāsā, there to pass away. SN.v.358f. DN.ii.91f.

Nikata²

One of several eminent theras mentioned as stayi …

Soṇa¹

A Thera, declared chief of those possessing clear utterance. AN.i.24 He lived in Avantī, where he met Mahākaccāna and was later ordained by him, after much difficulty assembling the …

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

A town in Kosala. It was regarded in the Buddha’s time as one of the six great cities of India, the others being Campā, Rājagaha, Sāvatthī, Kosambī and Benares. DN.ii.146 In the Vinaya Vin.i.253 howev …

Sāḷha¹Migāranattā

He once visited Nandaka Thera with Pekkhuniya’s grandson, Rohana. AN.i.193f. He built a vihāra for the nuns and Sundarīndā was appointed to supervise the work. As a r …

The capital of the Vatsas or Vaṃsas. In the time of the Buddha its king was Parantapa, and after him reigned his son Udena. Kosambī was evidently a city of great importance at the time of the Buddha f …

Pāvārikambavana¹

The mango grove of Pāvārika of Kosambī.

Kosambī3parkPāvārikambavana²

A mango grove at Nāḷandā where the Buddha stayed when on a visit there. DN.ii.81 It was t …

Rakkhita ¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of having uprooted all defilements and become cool. Thag.79

Rakkhita²Rakkhitavanasaṇḍa

A forest tract near the village of Pāril …

■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of …

…sq.; Dpvs.v.10, Dpvs.v.14 (theravādo aggavādo ti vuccati), Dpvs.v.51 (17 heretical sects, one orthodox, altogether 18 schools); dhuta˚;…

adjective lit. old, i.e. venerable; used, either as adj. or absolute as a respectful appellation of a bhikkhu of some standing (cp. the semantically identical thera). It occurs usua …

Ambalaṭṭhikā¹

A royal park on the road between Rājagaha and Nāḷandā. It contained a royal rest-house in which the Buddha and members of the Order used to stay in the course of their journ …

an almsman, a mendicant, a Buddhist monk or priest, a bhikkhu.
■ nom. sg. bhikkhu freq. passim; Vin.iii.40 (vuḍḍhapabbajita); AN.i.78 (thera bh., an elder bh.; and nava bh. …

1. adj. (f. ī) (-˚) doing, making, causing, producing; as cakkhu˚ ñāṇa˚ (leading to clear knowledge) SN.iv.331; SN.v.97; Iti.83; and acakkhu etc. SN.v.97; nāthā ˚ā dhammā AN.v.23 (cp. AN.v.89) and th …

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

MahākassapaKassapaPippali

One of the Buddha’s most eminent disciples, chief among those who upheld austere practices. AN.i.23 His personal name was Pippali, but he is usually known by his clan name K …

Udena¹Utena

King of Kosambī. He was the son of Parantapa. Once when be discovered that the women of the court had given five hundred costly robes to Ānanda, he was annoyed, but when in ans …

A grove near Rājagaha where Anāthapiṇḍika first met the Buddha. When Anāthapiṇḍika approached it, he was filled with fear and trembling. But he was reassured by a friendly Yakkha, Sīvaka. Vin.ii.155*f …

Bhaddā¹

Wife of King Muṇḍa. At her death the king placed her body in a vessel of oil and mourned for her until his friend Piyaka took him to Nārada Thera at the Kukkuṭārāma, and there made …

Suppiya¹

A Paribbājaka. He was the teacher of Brahmadatta. It was the discussion between these two, in the Ambalaṭṭhikā park, regarding the virtues of the Buddha, his Dhamma and his Order, …

SakkaVatrabhūVāsavaMaghavāMāghaPurindadaSahassakkhaSahassanettaSujampatiKosiya

Almost always spoken of as chief of the devas. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.229 contains a list of his names.

• Maghavā, be …

A Mahābrahmā. When the Buddha was at the Ajapālanigrodha, hesitating as to whether or not he should preach the Dhamma, Sahampati appeared before him and begged of him to open to the world the doors of …

The Buddha declared him foremost among those who could inspire speech in others. AN.i.25

The Theragāthā Thag.133–134 contains two verses spoken by him in praise of concentration of the mind.

The Rād …

Citta¹

A householder of Macchikāsaṇḍa, where he was Treasurer. He was later declared by the Buddha to be pre-eminent among laymen who preached the Doctrine. AN.i.26

When Mahānāma visited …

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

A village of the Kāsis, on the road from Kāsi to Sāvatthī. It was the headquarters of the followers of Assaji and Punabbasu, who lived there, behaving in a shameless and wicked manner. A certain monk, …

A cave near Kosambī. The wanderer Sandaka is said to have stayed there. Nearby was the Devakatasobbha. MN.i.513

25.29188, 81.366113cave

“all that belongs to anything,” make-up, adornment (so Cnd.585 bāhirā p. of the body)

1. requisite, accessory equipment, utensil, apparatus Vin.i.50, Vin.i.296 (˚colaka cloth required for water-str …

Bālakaloṇakāra BākalonakārāgamaBālakalonakārāma

A locality near Kosambī.

When the monks of Kosambī started quarrelling, the Buddha left them and went to Bālakalonakārāma, where he visited Bhagu and …

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

PālileyyaPārileyyaPārileyyaka

A town near Kosambī. When the Buddha found that he could not persuade the Kosambī monks to refrain from quarrelling, he left Kosambī alone and unattended, and passing th …

A river, the modern Rāpti in Uttar Pradesh; one of the pañca-mahānadī, Vin.ii.237 the five great rivers flowing from the Himālaya eastwards (pācīnaninnā) SN.v.39 into the sea. During the hot seas …

only used with ref. to the bhikkhus of Gotama Buddha’s community
(adj.) senior Vin.i.47, Vin.i.290 (th. bhikkhū opp. navā bh.), Vin.i.159 (th bhikkhu a senior bh. opp. to navaka bh. a novice), Vin.i …

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

ĀjīvakāĀjīvikā

A class of naked ascetics, Vin.i.291 followers of Makkhali Gosāla, regarded, from the Buddhist point of view, as the worst of sophists. Numerous references to the Ājīvakas are to be fo …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

A hall in the Mahāvana near Vesāli. The Buddha stayed there on several occasions, and in the books are found records of various eminent persons who visited him there and of his conversations with them …

the rank of a Thera. AN.i.38; AN.ii.23. This has nothing to do with seniority It is quite clear from the context that Thera is to be taken here in the secondary sense explained under Thera. He was a b …

Veḷuvana¹Veṇuvana

A park near Rājagaha, the pleasure garden of Bimbisāra. When the Buddha first visited Rājagaha, after his Enlightenment, he stayed at the Latthivanuyyāna. Vin.i.35 The da …

MadhurāMathurā

The capital of Surasena, situated on the Yamunā. Its king, soon after the death of Bimbisāra, was Avantiputta, MN.ii.83 who, judging by his name, was probably related to the royal fami …

the eye (nom. sg. cakkhuṃ) Vin.i.34; SN.i.115; MN.iii.134 etc.)

I. The eye as organ of sense

1. psychologically cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā “seeing visible object (shape with the eye” (Nd ii.on …

sitting, sitting down; a seat, throne MN.i.469; Vin.i.272 (= pallankassa okāsa); SN.i.46 (ek sitting alone, a solitary seat); AN.iii.389 (an˚ without a seat); Snp.338, Snp.718, Snp.810, Snp.981; Mnd.1 …

Kitti & Kittī

f. fame, renown, glory, honour, yaso ca kittī ca SN.i.25; kittiñ ca sukhañ ca SN.i.187; yaso kitti sukhañ ca AN.ii.32 yaso kittī ca “fame and renown” Snp.817 (= Mnd.147, where appl. to …

Kitti & Kittī

f. fame, renown, glory, honour, yaso ca kittī ca SN.i.25; kittiñ ca sukhañ ca SN.i.187; yaso kitti sukhañ ca AN.ii.32 yaso kittī ca “fame and renown” Snp.817 (= Mnd.147, where appl. to …

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

Udāyī¹LāludāyīPaṇḍita Udāyī

There were at least two monks called Udāyī, and it is not always possible to be sure which one is meant. When the Buddha preached the Nāgopama Sutta, AN.iii.344 …

1. is exists; is found.
2. is of, belongs to (gen.).
3. as auxiliary verb with pp.
4. atthi is frequently used (usually at the beginning of a clause), with sg. or pi. subject (even with 1 sg. or 2sg.) …

MāraNamuciKaṇhaAdhipatiAntakaPamattabandhuPāpimā

Generally regarded as the personification of Death, the Evil One, the Tempter. Sometimes known as the Dark One (Kaṇha). Snp.355 MN.i.377 DN.ii.262 T …

SahajātiSahajātāSahañcanika

A township where Yasa Kākandakaputta met Soreyya Revata, whom he wished to consult regarding the Ten Points raised by the Vajjiputtakas. Revata had gone there from Soreyya …

1. is exists; is found.
2. is of, belongs to (gen.).
3. as auxiliary verb with pp.
4. atthi is frequently used (usually at the beginning of a clause), with sg. or pi. subject (even with 1 sg. or 2sg.) …

The name of a tribe and a country, the capital of which was Suṃsumāragiri. The Bhagga country lay between Vesāli and Sāvatthī.

The Buddha went there several times in the course of his wanderings AN.i …

IccānaṅgalaIcchānaṅkala

A brahmin village in the Kosala country. It was while staying in the woodland thicket there that the Buddha preached the Ambaṭṭha Sutta. DN.i.87 From this sutta, the village w …

A Mahā Brahmā, whose name means “ever young”. In the Nikāyas DN.i.121 MN.i.358 SN.i.153 AN.v.327 he is mentioned as the author of a famous verse, which is eleswhere attribued to the Buddha. SN.ii.284 …

Hatthaka¹

A monk. He was a Sākyan and loved holding discussions with the heretics. When he suffered defeat at their hands, he would resort to falsehood and evasion, or would ask his oppone …

IsigiliIsigilapassa

One of the five mountains round Rājagaha and one of the beauty-spots of the city. DN.ii.116 There was, on one side of it, a black stone called the Kāḷasilā. This was a favourite …

Bhaddiya¹

An anāgāmī, one of seven persons who became arahants as soon as they were born in Avihā. SN.i.35 SN.i.60

Bhaddiya²Kāligodhāputta

Chief among monks of aristocratic …

adjective including the Theras AN.ii.169

sa³ + thera

Gosiṅgasālavanadāya¹

A forest tract near Nādikā. Once, when Anuruddha, Nandiya and Kimbila were living there, they were visited by the Buddha, who came from Giñjakāvasatha. The result of t …

Therī & Therikā

feminine

1. an old woman (cp. sthavirikā Mvu.iii.283) Pv.ii.11#6 (= thāvarijiṇṇā Pv-a.149).
2. a female thera (see compounds), as therikā at Thig.1; Dpvs.xviii.11.

• *-[gāthā](/de …

Therī & Therikā

feminine

1. an old woman (cp. sthavirikā Mvu.iii.283) Pv.ii.11#6 (= thāvarijiṇṇā Pv-a.149).
2. a female thera (see compounds), as therikā at Thig.1; Dpvs.xviii.11.

• *-[gāthā](/de …

A very learned brahmin of Candalakappa. One day he saw Dhānañjānī trip up, and heard her exclaim three times, “Glory to the Buddha, the arahant, the all enlightened.” He blamed her for thus extolling …

A brick hall at Nādikā. The Buddha stayed there on various occasions during his visits to Nādikā. It was during one of these visits that Ambapāli presented her park to the Buddha and the Order. Vin.i. …

GijjhakūṭaVulture’s Peak

One of the five hills encircling Rājagaha. It was evidently a favourite resort of those who followed the religious life.

The Buddha seems to have been attracted by its solit …

The capital city of Kosala in India and one of the six great Indian cities during the lifetime of the Buddha. DN.ii.147 It was six leagues from Sāketa. Vin.i.253 It was on the banks of the Aciravatī.V …

Bhāradvāja¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of the heroic roar of the conquerors. Thag.177–178

Bhāradvāja²

He was the eldest of a clan of Bhāradvājas living in Rājagaha a …

SundarikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin, one of the Bhāradvājas. Once, when he was performing Fire-rites on the banks of the Sundarikā, he looked round to see if there were anyone, to whom he could give what …

an inferior Thera, one who comes next to the elder Vin.ii.212 (therānutherā Th. & next in age).

anu + thera

A deer-park in Ujuññā. There the Buddha sometimes stayed; he was once visited there by Acela Kassapa, to whom he preached the Kassapasīhanāda Sutta, DN.i.161 and again by Pasenadi, king of Kosala; to …

MahāmoggallānaMoggallānaKolita

The second of the Chief Disciples of the Buddha. He and Sāriputta went forth as disciples of Sañjaya. After some time, Sāriputta, wandering about in Rājagaha, met Assaj …

Upāli ¹

One of the most eminent of the Buddha’s immediate disciples. He belonged to a barber’s family in Kapilavatthu and entered the service of the Sākiyan princes. When Anuruddha and his …

ĀnandacetiyaĀnande Cetiye

A shrine in Bhoganagara dedicated to a yakkha called Ānanda. There the Buddha stayed during his last sojourn, and mention is made of a sermon he preached there to the monk …

A village in the Māgadha country, three gāvuta from Rājagaha. Between it and Rājagaha is the river Sappinī, which rises in the Gijjhakūṭa. Vin.i.109 Once the Buddha went from Benares to Andhakavinda w …

A wanderer who later became an arahant Thera. Several conversations he had with the Buddha are mentioned in the books. For details see the Tevijja Vacchagotta-, Aggi Vacchagotta-, Mahā Vacchagotta- …

RāhulaRāhulabhadda

Only son of Gotama Buddha. When the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu for the first time after his Enlightenment and accepted Suddhodana’s invitation, Rāhula’s mother sent the boy to the …

A city in India on the river of the same name; it was the capital of Aṅga and was celebrated for its beautiful lake, the Gaggarā-pokkharaṇī. On its banks was a grove of campaka-trees, well known for …

PācīnavaṃsaPācīnavaṃsadāya

A park in the Cetiya kingdom. AN.iv.228f. The Buddha visited it during his tours, and once, while staying there with Meghiya, the latter stopped in a mango grove in the v …

Brahma-vihāra: the 4 ‘sublime’ or ‘divine abodes’, also called the 4 Infinite states appamaññā are: loving-kindness mettā Pity karunā, altruistic or sympathetic joy muditā equanimity *up …

The capital of the Mallas and the scene of the Buddha’s death. At that time it was a small city, “a branch-township with wattle-and-daub houses in the midst of the jungle,” and Ānanda was, at first …

A village. Revata went there from Kaṇṇakujja and stopped there before proceeding to Aggalapura and Sahajāti. Thither the Elders followed him to ask his opinion on the Vajjian heresy. Vin.ii.299

???2town

A town in which the Buddha once spent the rainy season at the invitation of the brahmin Verañja. Verañja visits the Buddha at the foot of the Naḷerupucimanda, where he is staying, and asks him a serie …

Chief of those who had left the world through faith. AN.i.24 He was born at Thullakoṭṭhita in the Kuru country as the son of a very wealthy councillor and was called by his family name of Raṭṭhapāla. …

A park near Rājagaha, at the foot of Gijjhakūṭa. It was a preserve where deer and game could dwell in safety. When Devadatta, wishing to kill the Buddha, hurled a rock down Gijjhakūṭa, it was stopped …

PakudhaPakudaKakudhaKakudaPakudha KaccāyanaPakudha KātiyānaKakudha KaccāyanaKakudha Kātiyāna

Head of one of the six heretical sects of the Buddha’s time. In the Sāmaññaphala Sutta, DN.i.56 Ajātasattu …

Bhātika & Bhātiya

lit. brotherly, i.e. a brother, often˚- “brother”

1. bhātika: Ja.i.253 (jeṭṭhaka˚); Ja.vi.32; Dhp-a.i.14 (˚thera my Thera-brother or br- thera), Dhp-a.i.1 …

Bhātika & Bhātiya

lit. brotherly, i.e. a brother, often˚- “brother”

1. bhātika: Ja.i.253 (jeṭṭhaka˚); Ja.vi.32; Dhp-a.i.14 (˚thera my Thera-brother or br- thera), Dhp-a.i.1 …

A Brahma-world where live radiant devas from whose bodies rays of light are emitted, like lightning. It belongs to the Rūpaloka and is in the plane of second jhāna The devas living there subsist on …

YasojaYasojoti

The Udāna mentions Ud.iii.3 how Yasoja and five hundred of his companions went to see the Buddha at Jetavana. There they stood talking to the monks who lived there and made a great upr …