Division 1: Independantly

At that time the Buddha, the Lord was staying near Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove in Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. Then the venerable Upāli approached the Lord; having approached and greeted the Lord he sat down at a respectful distance. As he was sitting down at a respectful distance, the venerable Upāli spoke thus to the Lord, “Possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should a monk not live independently for as long as life lasts?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he should not live independently for as long as life lasts. Of what five? If he does not know the Observance, if he does not know the formal act for the Observance, if he does not know the Pātimokkha, if he does not know the recital of the Pātimokkha, if it is less than five years (since his ordination). Possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk should not live independently for as long as life lasts.

Possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may live independently for as long as life lasts. Of what five? If he knows the Observance … the formal act for the Observance … if it is five years or more than five years (since his ordination). Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, he should not live independently for as long as life lasts. Of what five? If he does not know the Invitation, if he does not know the formal act for the Invitation, if he does not know the Pātimokkha, if he does not know the recital of the Pātimokkha, if it is less than five years (since his ordination). Possessed of these five qualities …

Possessed of five qualities, Upāli a monk may live independently for as long as life lasts. Of what five? If he knows the Invitation … if it is five years or more than five years (since his ordination). Possessed of these five qualities …

If a monk is possessed of five further qualities … he should not live independently. Of what five? If he does not know what is an offence and what is not an offence, if he does not know what is a slight and what a serious offence, if he does not know an offence that can be done away with and one that cannot be done away with, if he does not know what is a very bad offence and what is not a very bad one, if it is less than five years (since his ordination). Possessed of these five qualities …

Possessed of five qualities … may live independently. Of what five? If he knows what is an offence and what is not an offence … if it is five years or more than five years (since his ordination). Possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk may live independently for as long as life lasts.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should he not ordain, not give guidance, and a novice not attend him?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he should not ordain, he should not give guidance, a novice should not attend him. Of what five? If he is not competent to tend or get (another) to tend a pupil or one who shares a cell and is ill, to allay or get (another) to allay dissatisfaction that has arisen, to dispel or get (another) to dispel, by means of Dhamma, remorse that has arisen, to lead him in what pertains to Dhamma, to lead him in what pertains to Discipline. Possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk should not ordain, he should not give guidance, a novice should not attend him.

Possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may ordain, he may give guidance, a novice may attend him. Of what five? If he is competent to tend … to lead him in what pertains to Discipline. Possessed of these five qualities … a novice may attend him.

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … a novice should not attend him. Of what five? If he is not competent to train a pupil or one who shares a cell in the training regarding the fundamentals of conduct, to lead him in the training regarding the fundamentals of the Brahma-faring, to lead him in the higher morality, to lead him in the higher thought, to lead him in the higher wisdom. Possessed of these five qualities … a novice should not attend him.

Possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may ordain, he may give guidance, a novice may attend him. Of what five? If he is competent … to lead him in the higher wisdom. Possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk may ordain, he may give guidance, a novice may attend him.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should a formal act (against him) be carried out?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a formal act (against him) should be carried out. Of what five? If he is unconscientious, and ignorant, and not a regular monk, and if he is one of wrong view, and has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against him.

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a formal act (against him) should be carried out. Of what five? If, as regards morality, he has fallen away from moral habit, if, as regards behaviour, he has fallen away from good behaviour, if, as regards view, he has fallen away from right view, and if he is of wrong view, and has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … Of what five? If he is possessed of bodily frivolity … of verbal frivolity … of bodily and verbal frivolity, if he is one of wrong view, if he has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … If he is possessed of bodily bad behaviour … verbal bad behaviour … bodily and verbal bad behaviour, and if he is of wrong view, and has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities if he is possessed of harming by means of body … harming by means of speech … harming by means of body and speech, and if he is of wrong view, and has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … If he is possessed of wrong bodily mode of livelihood … wrong verbal mode of livelihood … wrong bodily and verbal mode of livelihood, and if he is of wrong view, and has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … If having fallen into an offence and a (formal) act has been carried out against him, he ordains, gives guidance, makes a novice attend him, if he consents to an agreement as to an exhorter of nuns, if, even though agreed upon, he exhorts nuns. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … If he falls into that same offence for which a formal act was carried out (against him) by an Order, or into another that is similar, or into one that is worse, if he finds fault with the formal act, if he finds fault with one who carried it out. Possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against him. Of what five? If he speaks dispraise of the Buddha, if he speaks dispraise of Dhamma, if he speaks dispraise of the Order, and if he is one of wrong view, and if he has fallen away from a right mode of livelihood. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a formal act should not be carried out against him.”

The First Division: on Independently

Division 2: Not Revoking

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should a formal act (against him) not be revoked?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a formal act (against him) should not be revoked. Of what five? If, having fallen into an offence and a (formal) act has been carried out (against him) … see Prv.17.1.12–14, reading should not be revoked instead of should be carried out (against him) … and if he has fallen away from right mode of livelihood. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a (formal) act (against him) should not be revoked.

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a (formal) act (against him) should not be revoked. Of what five? If he is unconscientious, and is ignorant, and is not a regular monk, and is one who chooses among customs, and is one who does not fulfil the training. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a (formal) act (against him) should not be revoked.”

“When a monk who is engaged in conflict, revered sir, is approaching an Order, having set up how many states within himself should he approach the Order?”

“When a monk who is engaged in conflict, Upāli, is approaching an Order, having set up five states within himself should he approach the Order. What five? When a monk who is engaged in conflict, Upāli, is approaching an Order he should approach the Order with a humble mind, with a mind (as though) it were removing dust; he should be skilled about seats and skilled about sitting down; he should sit down on a suitable seat without encroaching on (the space intended for) monks who are Elders and without keeping newly ordained monks from a seat; he should not talk in a desultory fashion nor about inferior (worldly) matters; he should speak Dhamma himself or should ask another to do so, nor should he disdain the ariyan silence. If, Upāli, an Order is carrying out (formal) acts that should be carried out by a complete Order, but if this does not seem right to the monk, then, giving an explanation of (his) views, the “being all together” may be attained. What is the reason for this? He says, ‘Let me not be different from the Order.’ When a monk who is engaged in conflict Upāli, is approaching an Order, having set up these five states within himself he should approach the Order.”

“Possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is a monk who is speaking in an Order not liked by the many-folk, not dear to the many-folk, and not pleasing to the many-folk?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is … not pleasing to the many-folk. Of what five? If he is a grandiose speaker, and one who hankers after support, and is not skilled about the sequence of meanings in a speech, if he is one who does not reprove according to Dhamma, according to Discipline, according to the offence, if he is one who does not carry out according to Dhamma … the offence. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk … is not pleasing to the many-folk.

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is liked by the many-folk and is dear to the many-folk and is pleasing to the many-folk. Of what five? If he is not a grandiose speaker, and is not one who hankers after support, and is skilled in the sequence of meanings in a speech, if he is one who reproves according to Dhamma, according to Discipline, according to the offence, if he is one who carries out according to Dhamma, according to Discipline, according to the offence. If he is possessed of these five qualities …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is … not pleasing to the many-folk … If he is one who exalts, one who upbraids, if he chooses not-dhamma, if he shuts out Dhamma, and if he speaks much fatuous talk. If he is possessed of these five qualities …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is … pleasing to the many-folk … If he is not one who exalts, not one who upbraids, if he chooses Dhamma, if he shuts out non-dhamma, and if he does not speak much fatuous talk. If he is possessed of these five qualities …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is … not pleasing to the many folk … If he is a teacher who uses force, if he is a teacher who has not obtained leave, if he is one who reproves not according to Dhamma, not according to Discipline, not according to the offence, if he is one who carries out not according to Dhamma, not according to Discipline, not according to the offence, if he is an expounder not in accordance with right view. If he is possessed of these five qualities …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is liked by the many-folk and is dear to the many-folk and is pleasing to the many-folk. Of what five? If he is a teacher who does not use force, if he is a teacher who has obtained leave, if he is one who reproves according to Dhamma, according to Discipline, according to the offence, if he is one who carries out according to Dhamma, according to Discipline, according to the offence, if he is an expounder in accordance with right view. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk who is speaking in an Order is liked by the many-folk and is dear to the many-folk and is pleasing to the many-folk.”

“How many advantages are there, revered sir, for one who has mastery in Discipline?”

“There are these five advantages, Upāli, for one who has mastery in Discipline. What five? His own body of moral habit is well guarded, well protected, he is a shelter for those who are affected by scruples, confidently he lives in the midst of an Order, with Dhamma he restrains adversaries from one who is well restrained, he is one practising for the stability of True Dhamma. These, Upāli, are the five advantages for who has mastery in Discipline.”

The Second Division: on Not Revoking

The First Description: by Pairs

Division 3: Speaking

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir should a monk not speak in an Order?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know an offence, if he does not know the origin of an offence, if he does not know the means (used) for an offence, if he does not know the removal of an offence, if he is not skilled in discriminating an offence. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he should not speak in an Order.

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he knows an offence … if he is skilled in discriminating an offence. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he may speak in an Order.

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a monk should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know a legal question … the origin of a legal question … the means (used) for a legal question … the removal of a legal question, if he is not skilled in discriminating a legal question. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he knows a legal question … if he is skilled in discriminating a legal question. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a monk should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he is a teacher who uses force, if he is a teacher who has not obtained leave, if he is one who reproves not according to Dhamma, not according to Discipline, not according to the offence, if he is one who carries out not according to Dhamma, not according to Discipline, not according to the offence, if he is an expounder not according to right view. If he is possessed of these five qualities … If he is possessed of five qualities … Of what five? If he is a teacher who does not use force … if he is an expounder according to right view. If a monk …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … Of what five? If he does not know what is and what is not an offence, if he does not know a slight and a serious offence, if he does not know an offence that can be done away with and one that cannot be done away with, if he does not know what is and what is not a very bad offence, if he does not know an offence for which amends are made and one for which amends are not made. If he is …

If he is possessed of five qualities … Of what five? If he knows what is and what is not an offence … If he is …

And if … Upāli, he should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know a formal act, if he-does not know the carrying out of a (formal) act, if he does not know the matter for a (formal) act, if he does not know the procedure for a (formal) act, if he does not know the removal of a (formal) act. If he is …

If he is possessed … may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he knows a (formal) act … If he is …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know the matter, if he does not know the source, if he does not know the laying down, if he does not know the order of words (in a sentence), if he does not know the sequence of the connecting words. If he is possessed of these …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he knows the matter … If he is …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course through partiality, if he follows a wrong course through hatred if he follows a wrong course through confusion, if he follows a wrong course through fear, and if he is unconscientious. If he is …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course through partiality … and if he is conscientious. If he is …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course through partiality … hatred … confusion … fear, and if he is unskilled in the Vinaya. If he is …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course through partiality … and if he is skilled in the Vinaya. If he is …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know the motion, if he does not know the carrying out of the motion, if he does not know the proclamation of the motion, if he does not know the deciding of the motion, if he does not know the removal of the motion. If he is …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may speak in an Order. Of what five? If he knows the motion … the removal of the motion. If he is …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know the clauses, if he does not know what is in conformity with the clauses, if he does not know Vinaya, if he does not know what is in conformity with Vinaya, and if he is not skilled in what is and what is not causal occasion. If he is possessed …

If he is possessed of five … Of what five? If he knows the clauses … and if he is skilled in what is and what is not causal occasion. If he is …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not speak in an Order. Of what five? If he does not know Dhamma, if he does not know what is in conformity with Dhamma, if he does not know Vinaya, if he does not know what is in conformity with Vinaya, and if he is not skilled in what precedes and what follows. If he is possessed …

If he is possessed of five … Of what five? If he knows Dhamma … and if he is skilled in what precedes and what follows. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk may speak in an Order.”

The Third Division: on Speaking

Division 4: Explanations of Views

“How many explanations of views, revered sir, are not legally valid?”

“These five explanations of views, Upāli, are not legally valid. What five? He explains a view by means of what is not an offence, he explains a view by means of an offence not leading on to confession, he explains a view by means of an offence that has been confessed, he explains a view by means of four, of five (people), he explains a view by means of a mental action of the mind. These five explanations of views, Upāli, are not legally valid.

These five explanations of views, Upāli, are legally valid. What five? He explains a view by means of what is an offence … by means of an offence leading on to confession … by means of an offence that has not been confessed … not by means of four or five (people), he explains a view not by means of a mental action of the mind. These five … are legally valid.

And five further explanations of views, Upāli, are not legally valid. What five? He explains a view in the presence of one belonging to a different communion … in the presence of one standing on a different boundary … in the presence of one who is not a regular monk … by means of four or five (people), he explains a view by means of a mental activity of the mind. These five …

These five explanations of views, Upāli, are legally valid. What five? He explains a view in the presence of one belonging to the same communion … in the presence of one standing on the same boundary … in the presence of one who is a regular monk … not by means of four or five, he explains a view not by means of a mental activity of the mind. These five explanations of views, Upāli, are legally valid.”

“How many ways of accepting, revered sir, are not legally valid?”

“These five ways of accepting, Upāli, are not legally valid. What five? When something that is being given by means of body is not accepted by means of body, when something that is being given by means of body is not accepted by means of something attached to the body, when something that is being given by means of something attached to the body is not accepted by means of body, when something that is being given by means of something attached to the body is not accepted by means of something attached to the body, when something that is being given by means of what may be cast is not accepted by means of body or of something attached to the body. These are the five ways of accepting, Upāli, that are not legally valid.

These five ways of accepting, Upāli, are legally valid. What five? When something that is being given by means of body is accepted by means of body … when something that is being given by means of what may be cast is accepted by means of body or of something attached to the body. These five ways of accepting, Upāli, are legally valid.”

“How many ‘not left overs’ are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five ‘not left overs’, Upāli. What five? It is not made allowable, it is not made formally accepted, it is not made delivered, it is not made within a reach of the hand, it is not said ‘All this is enough’. These, Upāli, are the five ‘not left overs’.

These are the five ‘left overs’, Upāli. What five? It is made allowable, it is made formally accepted, it is made delivered, it is made within a reach of the hand, it is said ‘All this is enough’. These, Upāli, are the five ‘left overs’.”

“In how many ways, revered sir, is satisfaction to be seen?”

“Satisfaction is to be seen in five ways, Upāli. In what five? Eating is to be seen, a meal is to be seen, standing within a reach of the hand, he asks him, a refusal is to be seen. In these five ways, Upāli, is satisfaction to be seen.”

“How many carryings out (of a formal act) on the acknowledgement (of a monk), revered sir, are not legally valid?”

“These five carryings out (of a formal act) on the acknowledgement (of a monk), Upāli, are not legally valid. What five? A monk comes to have fallen into an offence involving Defeat; while he is being reproved for an offence involving Defeat he claims that he has fallen into an offence requiring a Formal Meeting of the Order; if the Order has him dealt with for an offence requiring a Formal Meeting of the Order, the carrying out on (his) acknowledgement is not legally valid.

A monk comes to have fallen into an offence involving Defeat; while he is being reproved for an offence involving Defeat lie claims that he has fallen into an offence of Expiation, into an offence to be Confessed, into an offence of wrong-doing; if the Order has him dealt with for an offence of wrong-doing, the carrying out on (his) acknowledgement is not legally valid.

A monk comes to have fallen into an offence requiring Formal Meeting of the Order, of Expiation, of one to be Confessed, of wrong-doing; while he is being reproved for an offence of wrong-doing he claims that he has fallen into an offence involving Defeat; if the Order has him dealt with for an offence involving Defeat, the carrying out on (his) acknowledgement is not legally valid.

A monk comes to have fallen into an offence of wrong-doing; while he is being reproved for an offence of wrong-doing he claims that he has fallen into an offence requiring a Formal Meeting of the Order, into one of Expiation, into one to be Confessed; if the Order has him dealt with for an offence to be Confessed, the carrying out on (his) acknowledgement is not legally valid. These, Upāli, are the five carryings out on the acknowledgement (of a monk) that are not legally valid.

These five carryings out (of a formal act) on the acknowledgement (of a monk), Upāli, are legally valid. What five? A monk comes to have fallen into an offence involving Defeat; while he is being reproved for an offence involving Defeat he claims that he has fallen into an offence involving Defeat; if the Order has him dealt with for an offence involving Defeat, the carrying out on (his) acknowledgement is legally valid. A monk comes to have fallen into an offence requiring a Formal Meeting of the Order, into one of Expiation, into one to be Confessed, into one of wrong-doing; while he is being reproved for an offence of wrong-doing he claims that he has fallen into an offence of wrong-doing; if the Order has him dealt with for an offence of wrong-doing, the carrying out on (his) acknowledgement is legally valid. These … valid.”

“Possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is it insufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, it is insufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave. Of what five? If he is unconscientious, and is ignorant, and not a regular monk, if he speaks intent on quitting, not intent on rising from (an offence). If he is possessed of these five qualities …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, it is sufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave. Of what five? If he is conscientious, and wise, and a regular monk, if he speaks intent on rising from, not intent on quitting. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, it is sufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should Discipline not be discussed with him?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, Discipline should not be discussed with him. Of what five? If he does not know the matter … the source … the laying down … the order of the words (in a sentence), if he does not know the sequence of the connecting words. If a monk …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, Discipline may be discussed with him. Of what five? If he knows the matter … If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, Discipline may be discussed with him.”

“How many kinds of questions and inquiries are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five kinds of questions and inquiries, Upāli. What five? One asks a question from stupidity, from confusion; one who is of evil desires, filled with covetousness, asks a question; one asks a question from disrespect; one asks a question desiring to know (the proper answer); one asks a question thinking ‘If he answers aright the question asked by me, that is good, if he does not answer aright the question asked by me, I will answer it aright’. These, Upāli, are the five kinds of questions and inquiries.”

“How many declarations of profound knowledge are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five declarations of profound knowledge, Upāli. What five? One declares profound knowledge from stupidity, from confusion; one who is of evil desires filled with covetousness declares profound knowledge; one declares profound knowledge from madness, from a deranged mind; one declares profound knowledge from an undue estimate of himself; one declares profound knowledge when it is a fact. These, Upāli, are the five declarations of profound knowledge.”

“How many purifications are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five purifications, Upāli. Which five? Having recited the provenance … recital in full is the fifth. These, Upāli, are the five purifications.”

“How many soft foods are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five soft foods, Upāli. What five? Cooked rice, food made with flour, barley-meal, fish, meat. These Upāli, are the five soft foods.”

The Fourth Division: on Explanations of Views

Division 5: Undertaking on one’s own Behalf

“When a monk is reproving, revered sir, and wishes to reprove another, having considered how many states within himself may he reprove the other?”

“When a monk is reproving, Upāli, and wishes to reprove another, having considered five states within himself may he reprove the other. What five? Upāli, when a monk is reproving and wishes to reprove another, he should consider thus: ‘Now, am I quite pure in bodily conduct … as at Kd.19.5.1 … When a monk is reproving, Upāli, and wishes to reprove another, having considered these five states within himself he may reprove the other.”

“When a monk is reproving, revered sir, and wishes to reprove another, having set up how many states within himself may he reprove the other?”

“When a monk is reproving, Upāli, and wishes to reprove another, having set up five states within himself may he reprove the other. What five? ‘I will speak at a right time … as at Kd.19.5.2 …’ When a monk is reproving, Upāli, and wishes to reprove another, having set up these five states within himself he may reprove the other.”

“When a monk is reproving, revered sir, and wishes to reprove another, having attended to how many states within himself may he reprove the other?”

“When a monk is reproving, Upāli, and wishes to reprove another, having attended to five states within himself may he reprove the other. What five? Compassion, seeking welfare, sympathy, removal of offences, aiming at Discipline. When a monk is reproving, Upāli, and wishes to reprove another, having attended to these five states within himself he may reprove the other.”

“Possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is it insufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, it is insufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave. Of what five? If he is not quite pure in bodily conduct, if he is not quite pure in verbal conduct, if he is not quite pure in mode of livelihood, if he is ignorant and inexperienced, if when being examined he is not competent to pass the examination. These, Upāli, are the five qualities possessed of which it is insufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave.

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, it is sufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave. Of what five? If he is quite pure in bodily conduct … in verbal conduct … in mode of livelihood, if he is clever and experienced, if when being examined he is competent to pass the examination. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, it is sufficient to give leave to a monk who is obtaining leave.”

“Revered sir, if a monk wishes to undertake an undertaking on his own behalf of how many qualities should the undertaking that he undertakes on his own behalf be possessed?”

“Upāli, if a monk wishes to undertake an undertaking on his own behalf, the undertaking that he undertakes on his own behalf must be possessed of five qualities. What five? Upāli if a monk wishes to undertake an undertaking on his own behalf he must consider thus: … as at Kd.19.4.1 … Thus, Upāli if an undertaking on one’s own behalf is undertaken when it is possessed of these five qualities, later it will be no cause for remorse.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir is he of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions?”

“When a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he is of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions. Of what five? He is moral, he lives controlled by the control of the Pātimokkha, he is possessed of (right) behaviour and resort, he is one seeing danger in the slightest faults, (and) undertaking them he trains in the rules of training. He is one who has heard much, who remembers what he has heard, (and) those things which are lovely in the beginning, lovely in the middle, lovely at the ending which, with the spirit and the letter, declare the Brahma-faring wholly fulfilled, perfectly purified, such things are much heard by him, borne in mind, familiarized by speech, pondered over in the mind, well penetrated by (right) view. Both the Pātimokkhas are properly handed down to him in detail, properly sectioned, properly regulated, properly investigated clause by clause and in respect of the linguistic form. He comes to be firm in Discipline, immovable. He is competent in convincing both of those who are hostile about a matter, in winning them over, in making them consider, in understanding, in reconciling them. Upāli, if a monk is possessed of these five qualities he is of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions.

And, Upāli, if a monk is possessed of five qualities he is of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions. Of what five? If he is quite pure in bodily conduct … in verbal conduct … in mode of livelihood, if he is clever and experienced, if when being examined he is competent to pass the examination. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he is of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions.

And, Upāli, if a monk is possessed of five further qualities he is of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions. Of what five? If he knows the matter, knows the source, knows the laying down, knows the order of the words (in a sentence), knows the sequence of the connecting words. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he is of great service to monks who are engaged in legal questions.”

“Revered sir, if a monk is possessed of how many qualities should he not be examined?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he should not be examined. Of what five? If he does not know the clauses, does not know what is in conformity with the clauses, does not know Vinaya, does not know what is in conformity with Vinaya, if he is not skilled in what is and what is not causal occasion. If a monk … see Prv.17.3.10, Prv.17.3.11; for might speak, should not speak in an Order read could be examined, should not be examined … and if he is skilled in what precedes and what follows. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he could be examined.

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, he should not be examined. Of what five? If he does not know the matter … the source … the laying down … the order of the words (in a sentence), if he does not know the sequence of the connecting words. If he is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he may be examined. Of what five? If he knows the matter … If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he may be examined.

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, he should not be examined. Of what five? If he does know an offence, does not know the origin of an offence does not know the means (used) for an offence, does not know the removal of an offence, is not skilled in discriminating an offence If a monk is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he may be examined. Of what five? If he knows an offence … is skilled in discriminating an offence. If a monk is possessed of these five …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, he should not be examined. Of what five? If he does not know a legal question, does not know the origin of a legal question, does not know the means (used) for a legal question, does not know the removal of a legal question, is not skilled in discriminating a legal question. If a monk is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he may be examined. Of what five? If he knows a legal question … is skilled in discriminating a legal question. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he may be examined.”

The Fifth Division: on Undertaking on one’s own Behalf

Division 6: Ascetic Practices

“How many (types of) forest-dwellers are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five (types of) forest-dwellers, Upāli. What five? … … of good avail. These, Upāli, are the five (types of) forest-dwellers.”

“How many (types of) almsfood-eaters are there, revered Sir?” … “How many (types of) refuse-rag-wearers … tree-root-dwellers … charnel-ground-dwellers … open-air-dwellers … three-robe-wearers … house-to-house seekers … sitters … users of any bed … eaters at one session … refusers of food later … bowl-food-eaters are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five (types of) bowl-food-eaters, Upāli. What five? One is a bowl-food-eater from stupidity … because this is of good avail. These, Upāli, are the five (types of) bowl-food-eaters.”

The Sixth Division: on Ascetic Practices

Division 7: Lying Speech

“How many (kinds of) lying speech are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five (kinds of) lying speech, Upāli. What five? There is the lying speech leading to an offence involving Defeat, there is the lying speech leading to an offence requiring a Formal Meeting of the Order, there is the lying speech leading to a grave offence, there is the lying speech leading to Expiation, there is the lying speech leading to an offence of wrong-doing. These, Upāli, are the five (kinds of) lying speech.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, and has suspended an Observance or Invitation in the midst of an Order, (but if other monks) have snubbed him, saying ‘That’s enough, monk, let there be no strife, no quarrel, no dispute, no contention’, may Observance or Invitation be carried out by the Order?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli … may be carried out by the Order. Of what five? If he is unconscientious, and is ignorant, and not a regular monk, if he speaks intent on quitting, if he is not intent on rising from (an offence).

If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, … may be carried out by the Order.

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli be carried out by the Order. Of what five? If he is not pure in bodily conduct, is not quite pure in verbal conduct is not quite pure in mode of livelihood, is ignorant and inexperienced, is a maker of strife, a maker of quarrels. If monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, … may be carried out by the Order.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir should he not pass an examination?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he should not pass an examination. Of what five? If he does not know what is and what is not an offence, does not know what is a slight and what a serious offence, does not know what is an offence that can be done away with and one that cannot be done away with, does not know what is a very bad offence and what is not, does not know what is an offence for which amends are made and one for which amends are not made. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he should not pass an examination.

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he may pass an examination. Of what five? If he knows what is and what is not an offence … If a monk … he may pass an examination.”

“For how many reasons, revered sir, does a monk fall into an offence?”

“For five reasons, Upāli, a monk falls into an offence. For what five? From lack of conscientiousness, from ignorance, from ordinary bad conduct, from (thinking) something is allowable when it is not allowable, from thinking (something) is not allowable when it is allowable. For these five reasons, Upāli, a monk falls into an offence.

And for five further reasons, Upāli, a monk falls into an offence. For what five? From not seeing, from not hearing, from being sleepy, from thinking that it is so, from confused mindfulness. For these five reasons, Upāli, a monk falls into an offence.”

“How many dread (things) are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five dread (things), Upāli. What five? Onslaught on creatures, taking what has not been given, going wrongly amid sense-pleasures, lying speech, occasions of sloth (through drinking) fermented liquor, spirits and strong drink. These, Upāli, are the five dread (things).”

“How many abstentions are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five abstentions,Upāli. What five? Abstention from onslaught on creatures, abstention from taking what has not been given, abstention from going wrongly amid sense-pleasures, abstention from lying speech, abstention from occasions of sloth (from drinking) fermented liquor, spirits and strong drink. These, Upāli, are the five abstentions.”

“How many losses are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five losses, Upāli. What five? Loss of relations, loss of possessions, loss by illness, loss in moral habit, loss in (right) view. These, Upāli, are the five losses.”

“How many prosperities are there, revered sir?”

“There are these five prosperities, Upāli. What five? Prosperity in relations … possessions … health … moral habit, prosperity in (right) view. These, Upāli, are the five prosperities.”

The Seventh Division: on Lying Speech

Division 8: Exhortation of Nuns

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should a formal act be carried out against a monk by the Order of nuns itself?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against a monk by the Order of nuns itself—this monk is not to be greeted by the Order of nuns. Of what five? Having exposed his body he shows it to nuns he shows his thigh, he shows his private parts, he shows both shoulders, he offends and quarrels with a householder. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli … this monk is not to be greeted by the Order of nuns.

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli … this monk is not to be greeted by the Order of nuns. Of what five? If he tries for the non-receiving (of requisites) by nuns, if he tries for non-profiting by nuns, if he tries for non-residence for nuns, if he reviles and abuses nuns, if he causes monks to break with nuns. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against a monk by the Order of nuns itself—this monk is not to be greeted by the Order of nuns. Of what five? If he tries for the non-receiving (of requisites) by nuns, if he tries for non-profiting by nuns, if he tries for non-residence for nuns, if he reviles and abuses nuns, if he makes monks quarrel with nuns. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli … this monk is not to be greeted by the Order of nuns.”

“If she is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should a formal act be carried out against a nun?”

“If she is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against a nun. Of what five? Having exposed her body she shows it to monks, she shows her thigh, she shows her private parts, she shows both shoulders, she offends and quarrels with a householder. If she is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli …

And if she is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against a nun. Of what five? If she tries for the non-receiving (of requisites) by monks, if she tries for non-profiting by monks, if she tries for non-residence by monks, if she reviles and abuses monks, if she causes nuns to break with monks. If she is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli …

And if she is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against a nun. Of what five? If she tries for the non-receiving (of requisites) by monks, if she tries for non-profiting by monks, if she tries for non-residence by monks, if she reviles and abuses monks, if she makes nuns quarrel with monks. If she is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a formal act should be carried out against a nun.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should he not suspend exhortation for nuns?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities … for nuns. Of what five? If he is unconscientious, and ignorant, and not a regular monk, and if he is one who talks intent on quitting, not intent on removal. If a monk …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … for nuns. Of what five? If he is not quite pure in bodily conduct, if he is not quite pure in verbal conduct, if he is not quite pure in mode of living, if he is ignorant and inexperienced, if on being examined he is not competent to pass an examination. If a monk …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli … for nuns. Of what five? If he is possessed of bad bodily conduct, if he is possessed of bad verbal conduct, if he is possessed of bad bodily and verbal conduct, if he is one who reviles and abuses nuns, if he lives in company with nuns, in unbecoming association. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, he should not suspend exhortation for nuns. Of what five? if is unconscientious, and ignorant, and not a regular monk, and if he is a maker of strife, a maker of quarrels, and is not who has fulfilled the training. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities … ”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should he not accept exhortation of nuns?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities … of nuns? Of what five? If he is possessed of bad bodily conduct, if he is possessed of bad verbal conduct, if he is possessed of bad bodily and verbal conduct, if he is one who reviles and abuses nuns, if he lives in company with nuns, in unbecoming association. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … of nuns. Of what five? If he is unconscientious, and is ignorant, and is not a regular monk, or if he is setting out on a journey, or if he is ill. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he should not accept exhortation of nuns.”

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should he not converse with a nun?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he should not converse with a nun. Of what five? If he is not possessed of an adept’s body of moral conduct, if he is not possessed of an adept’s body of concentration … body of wisdom … body of freedom … if he is not possessed of an adept’s body of the knowledge and vision of freedom. If a monk is possessed …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he may converse with a nun. Of what five? If he is possessed of an adept’s body of moral conduct … If he is possessed of these five …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, he should not converse with a nun. Of what five? If he has not attained to the analytical insight of meanings, if he has not attained to the analytical insight of Dhamma, if he has not attained to the analytical insight of language, if he has not attained to the analytical insight of perspicuity, if he is not one who reviews the mind according to freedom. If he is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, he may converse with a nun. Of what five? If he has attained to the analytical insight of meanings … if he is one who reviews the mind according to freedom. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, he may converse with (a nun).”

The Eighth Division: on Exhortation of Nuns

Division 9: Referendum

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, should a monk not be agreed upon for a referendum?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk should not be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is not skilled in meanings, if he is not skilled in Dhamma, if he is not skilled in language, if he is not skilled in syllables, if he is not skilled in what precedes and what follows. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk should not be agreed upon for a referendum.

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is skilled in meanings … If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk may be agreed upon for a referendum.

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, a monk should not be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is angry, overcome by anger, if he is harsh, overcome by harshness, if he is unmerciful, overcome by unmercifulness, if he is envious, overcome by envy, if he is infected by wordliness, grasping it tightly, not letting go of it easily. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is not angry overcome by anger … if he is not envious, overcome by envy, if he is not infected by worldliness, not grasping it tightly, letting go of it easily. If he is possessed of these five qualities.

If he is possessed of five further qualities … should not be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is agitated, if he is malevolent, if he offers resistance, if he causes anger, if he is intractable, if he is incapable of being instructed. If he is possessed of these five qualities …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is not agitated, if he is not malevolent … if he is tractable and is capable of being instructed. If he is possessed of these five qualities …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is one who confuses the mind and does not make remember, if he is a teacher who has not obtained leave, if he is one who reproves not according to Dhamma, not according to Discipline, not according to the offence, if he is one who carries out not according to Dhamma, not according to Discipline, not according to the offence, if he is an expounder not in accordance with right view. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he is one who makes remember and does not confuse the mind, if he is a teacher who has obtained leave, if he reproves according to Dhamma … if he carries out according to Dhamma … if he is an expounder in accordance with right view. If he is possessed of these five …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality, if he follows a wrong course from hatred … confusion … fear, and if he is unconscientious. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities … may be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … and if he is conscientious. If he is possessed of these five …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … should not be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality … hatred … confusion … fear, and if he is not skilled in Vinaya. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk may be agreed upon for a referendum. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … and if he is skilled in Vinaya. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk may be agreed upon for a referendum.”

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is a monk reckoned as ignorant?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk is reckoned as ignorant. Of what five? If he does not know the clauses, if he does not know what is in conformity with the clauses, if he does not know Vinaya, if he does not know what is in conformity with Vinaya, and if he is not skilled in what is and what is not causal occasion. If he is possessed …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a monk is reckoned as learned. Of what five? If he knows the clauses … and if he is skilled in what is and what is not causal occasion. If he is possessed of these five …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … is reckoned as ignorant. Of what five? If he does not know the rules, if he does not know what is in conformity with the rules he does not know Vinaya, if he does not know what is in conformity with Vinaya, and if he is not skilled in what precedes and what follows. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities … reckoned as learned. Of what five? If he knows the rules … and if he is skilled in what precedes and what follows. If he is possessed of the five …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … reckoned as ignorant. Of what five? If he does not know the matter the source … the laying down … the order of the words (in a sentence), if he does not know the sequence of the connecting words. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five … reckoned as learned. Of what five? If he knows the matter … If he is possessed of these five …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli … reckoned as ignorant. Of what five? If he does not know an offence, if he does not know the origin of an offence, if he does not know the means (used) for an offence, if he does not know the removal of an offence, if he is not skilled in discriminating an offence. If he is possessed of these …

If he is possessed of five qualities … reckoned as learned. Of what five? If he knows an offence … if he is skilled in discriminating an offence. If he is possessed of these five …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … reckoned as ignorant. Of what five? If he does not know a legal question, if he does not know the origin of a legal question, if he does not know the means (used) for a legal question, if he does not know the removal of a legal question, if he is not skilled in discriminating a legal question. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk is reckoned as ignorant.

If he is possessed of five qualities … reckoned as learned. Of what five? If he knows a legal question … if he is skilled in discriminating a legal question. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a monk is reckoned as learned.”

Concluded is the Ninth Division: on a Referendum

Division 10: Settling Legal Questions

“If a monk is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is it insufficient to settle a legal question?”

“If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, it is insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not know an offence … see Prv.17.9.10 … If he is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five … it is sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he knows an offence … If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not know a legal question … see Prv.17.9.11 … If he is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities … sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he knows a legal question … If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality … and if he is unconscientious. If he is possessed of these …

If a monk is possessed of five … it is sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … and if he is conscientious. If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality … and if he has heard little. If he is possessed of these …

If a monk is possessed of five … sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … and if he has heard much. If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not know the matter … see Prv.17.9.9 … if he does not know the sequence of the connecting words. If he is possessed of these …

If a monk is possessed of five … sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he knows the matter … If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality … see Prv.17.9.6 … and if he is not skilled in Vinaya. If he is possessed of these …

If a monk is possessed of five … sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … and if he is skilled in Vinaya. If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities … insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality … if he esteems an individual and does not esteem the Order. If he is possessed of these …

If a monk is possessed of five … sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … if he esteems the Order and does not esteem an individual. If he is possessed of these …

And if a monk is possessed of five further qualities, Upāli, it is insufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … if he esteems worldly things and does not esteem true Dhamma. If he is possessed of these five …

If a monk is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, it is sufficient to settle a legal question. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … if he esteems true Dhamma and does not esteem worldly things. If a monk is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, it is sufficient to settle a legal question.”

“In how many ways, revered sir, is an Order split?”

“In five ways, Upāli, is an Order split. In what five? By a formal act, by a recitation, by talking, by proclamation, by offering a voting ticket. These, Upāli, are the five ways in which an Order is split.”

“Revered sir, as to the words: Dissension in an Order, dissension in an Order—to what extent, revered sir, is there dissension in an Order but not schism in an Order? And to what extent is there dissension in an Order as well as schism in an Order?”

“This observance for incoming monks, Upāli, was laid down by me for incoming monks. The rules of training having been properly laid down by me thus, Upāli, if incoming monks do not observe the observance for incoming (monks)—thus, Upāli, is there dissension in an Order but not schism in an Order. This observance for resident (monks), Upāli, was laid down by me for resident monks. The rules of training having been properly laid down by me thus, Upāli, if resident monks do not observe the observance for resident (monks)—thus, Upāli, is there dissension in an Order but not schism in an Order.

This observance for a refectory, Upāli, was laid down by me for monks in respect of a refectory: the best seat, the best water (for washing), the best alms according to seniority, according to (the time of) night, according as it is befitting. The rules of training having been properly laid down by me thus, Upāli, if newly ordained monks reserve a seat in the refectory for monks who are Elders—thus, Upāli, is there dissension in an Order but not schism in an Order.

This observance in respect of lodgings, Upāli, was laid down by me for monks in respect of lodgings according to seniority according to (the time of) night, according as it is befitting. The rules of training having been properly laid down by me thus, Upāli, if newly ordained monks reserve lodgings for monks who are Elders—thus, Upāli, is there dissension in an Order but not schism in an Order.

This was laid down by me, Upāli, for monks inside a boundary: one Observance, one Invitation, one formal act of the Order, one set of formal acts. The rules of training having been properly laid down by me thus, Upāli, if, having made a separate arrangement just there inside a boundary and having split off a group, they carry out a separate Observance and carry out a separate Invitation and carry out a separate formal act of the Order and carry out a separate set of formal acts—thus, Upāli, is there dissension in an Order as well as schism in an Order.”

Concluded is the Tenth Division: on Settling Legal Questions

Division 11: a Schismatic in the Order

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is a schismatic in the Order doomed to the Downfall, to Niraya Hell, staying there for an aeon, incurable?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non- dhamma as Dhamma, he explains Dhamma as non-dhamma … non-discipline as Discipline, … Discipline as non-discipline and he is one misrepresenting view as to formal act. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli … incurable.

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and he is one misrepresenting view as to recitation. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and he is one who, talking, misrepresents view. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and he is one misrepresenting view by speaking out. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and he is one misrepresenting view by offering a voting-ticket. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and is one misrepresenting approval as to a formal act … as to the recitation … (by) talking … by proclamation … by offering a voting ticket. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and is one misrepresenting pleasure as to a formal act … by offering a voting ticket. If he is possessed …

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … and is one misrepresenting intention as to a formal act, is one misrepresenting intention as to the recitation, is one misrepresenting intention (by) talking, is one misrepresenting intention by speaking out, is one misrepresenting intention by offering a voting ticket. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a schismatic in the Order is doomed to the Downfall, to Niraya Hell, staying there for an aeon, incurable.”

Concluded is the Eleventh Division: on a Schismatic in the Order

Division 12: a Second Schismatic in the Order

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is a schismatic in the Order not doomed to the Downfall, not (doomed) to Niraya Hell, not staying there for an aeon, not incurable?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, … not incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma, he explains Dhamma as non-dhamma, he explains non-discipline as Discipline, he explains Discipline as non-discipline, but is not one misrepresenting view as to a formal act. If he is possessed of these five qualities … not incurable.

And if he is possessed of five further qualities … not incurable. Of what five? As to this, Upāli, a monk explains non-dhamma as Dhamma … misrepresenting view as to recitation … misrepresenting intention by offering a voting ticket. If he is possessed of these five qualities, Upāli, a schismatic in the Order is not doomed to the Downfall, not (doomed) to Niraya Hell, not staying there for an aeon, not incurable.”

Concluded is the Twelfth Division: on a Second Schismatic in the Order

Division 13: Resident

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is a resident monk consigned to Niraya Hell just as a burden is set aside?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a resident monk is consigned to Niraya Hell just as a burden is set aside. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality, if he follows a wrong course from hatred, if he follows a wrong course from confusion, if he follows a wrong course from fear, if he makes use of something belonging to an Order, belonging to an individual. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a resident monk is consigned to heaven just as a burden is set aside. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality … if he does not make use of something belonging to an Order, belonging to an individual. If he is possessed of these five … consigned to heaven … ”

“How many expositions of Vinaya are there, revered sir, that are not legally valid?”

“These five expositions of Vinaya, Upāli, are not legally valid. What five? As to this, Upāli, a monk speaks saying non-dhamma is Dhamma, he speaks saying Dhamma is non-dhamma, he speaks saying non-Vinaya is Vinaya, he speaks saying Vinaya is non-Vinaya, he lays down what has not been laid down and abrogates what has been laid down. These five expositions of Vinaya, Upāli, are not legally valid.

These five expositions of Vinaya, Upāli, are legally valid. What five? As to this, Upāli, a monk speaks saying non- dhamma is non-dhamma … he speaks saying Vinaya is Vinaya, he does not lay down what has not been laid down and does not abrogate what has been laid down. These five expostions of Vinaya, Upāli, are legally valid.”

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is an issuer of meals consigned to Niraya Hell just as a burden is set aside?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, an issuer of meals is consigned to Niraya Hell just as a burden is set aside. Of what five? If he follows a wrong course from partiality … hatred … confusion … fear, if he does not know what has been issued and what has not been issued. If he is possessed of these five …

If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, an issuer of meals is consigned to heaven just as a burden is set aside. Of what five? If he does not follow a wrong course from partiality fear, if he knows what has been issued and what has not been issued. If he is possessed of these five … consigned to heaven … ”

“If he is possessed of how many qualities, revered sir, is an assigner of lodgings … a store-room keeper … an accepter of robes … a distributor of robe-material … a distributor of conjey … a distributor of fruit … a distributor of solid food … a disposer of trifles … an accepter of outer cloaks … an accepter of bowls … a superintendent of monastery attendants … a superintendent of novices consigned to Niraya Hell just as a burden is set aside?”

“If he is possessed of five qualities, Upāli, a superintendent of novices … see Prv.17.13.3; instead of what has been issued and what has not been issued read who has been superintended and who has not been superintended … consigned to Niraya Hell … consigned to heaven just as a burden is set aside.”

Concluded is the Thirteenth Division: on Resident (Monk)

Division 14: the Formal Making of Kaṭhina Cloth

“How many advantages are there, revered sir, in formally making kaṭhina cloth?”

“There are these five advantages, Upāli, in formally making kaṭhina cloth. What five? Going (to families for alms) without having asked for permission, walking (for alms) not taking the three robes, a group-meal, as much robe-material as is required, and whatever robe-material accrues there, that will be for them. These, Upāli, are the five advantages in formally making the kaṭhina cloth.”

“How many perils are there, revered sir, for one of muddled mindfulness, not clearly conscious, when he has fallen asleep?”

“There are these five perils, Upāli, for one of muddled mindfulness … when he has fallen asleep. What five? He sleeps uneasily, he wakes uneasily, he sees an evil dream, devatās do not guard him, impurity is emitted. These are the five perils … when he has fallen asleep.

“There are these five advantages, Upāli, for one of raised up mindfulness, who is clearly conscious, when he has fallen asleep. What five? He sleeps easily, he wakes easily, he does not see an evil dream, devatās guard him, impurity is not emitted. These are the five advantages … when he has fallen asleep.”

“How many, revered sir, are not to be greeted?”

“These five, Upāli, are not to be greeted. Which five? One who has entered amid the houses is not to be greeted, one who is on a carriage-road is not to be greeted, one who is in the (partial) darkness is not to be greeted, one who is not considering (his duties) is not to be greeted, one who is asleep is not to be greeted. These five, Upāli, are not to be greeted.

“And a further five, Upāli, are not to be greeted. Which five? One who is drinking conjey is not to be greeted, one in a refectory … one who has turned away alone … one who is thinking about something else … one who is naked is not t be greeted. These five, Upāli, are not to be greeted.

“And a further five, Upāli, are not to be greeted. Which five? One who is eating solid food is not to be greeted, one who is eating soft food … one who is defecating … one who is urinating … one who is suspended is not to be greeted. These five, Upāli, are not to be greeted.

“And a further five, Upāli, are not to be greeted. Which five? One ordained later is not to be greeted by one ordained earlier, one not ordained is not to be greeted, one belonging to a different communion (even) if he is more senior (yet) is a speaker of non-dhamma is not to be greeted, a woman is not to be greeted a eunuch is not to be greeted. These five, Upāli, are not to be greeted.

“And a further five, Upāli, are not to be greeted. Which five? One under probation is not to be greeted, one who deserves to be sent back to the beginning … one who deserves mānatta … one undergoing mānatta … one who deserves rehabilitation is not to be greeted. These five, Upāli, are not to be greeted.”

“How many, revered sir, are to be greeted?”

““These five, Upāli, are to be greeted. Which five? One ordained earlier is to be greeted by one ordained later, one belonging to a different communion if he is more senior and is a speaker of Dhamma is to be greeted, a teacher is to be greeted, a preceptor is to be greeted, a Tathāgata, arahant, perfect Buddha is to be greeted by the world with its devas, with its Māras, with its Brahmās, by creatures with recluses and brahmins, with devas and mankind. These five, Upāli, are to be greeted.”

“If a more newly ordained monk, revered sir, is honouring the feet of a more senior monk, when he has caused how many states to be set up within himself should he honour the feet?”

“If a more newly ordained monk, Upāli, is honouring the feet of a more senior monk, having caused five states to be set up within himself he should honour the feet. What five? When a more newly ordained monk, Upāli, is honouring the feet of a more senior monk, having arranged his outer cloak over one shoulder, holding out his joined palms in salutation, stroking his feet on all sides with the palms of his hands, having caused regard and esteem to be set up, he should honour his feet. When a more newly ordained monk, Upāli, is honouring the feet of a more senior monk, having caused these five states to be set up within himself, he should honour his feet.”

Concluded is the Fourteenth Division: on the Formal Making of Kaṭhina Cloth

Concluded are the Upāli-Pentads