spy; a secret agent; a scout.

1. going, going about; grazing; going about (one’s life), behavior.
2. a spy, a secret agent; a scout.

noun adjective

1. the act of going about, walking; one who walks or lives (usually -˚): oka˚ living in water MN.i.117; Ja.vi.416; antara˚ SN.iv.173; eka˚ solitary Snp.166; saddhiṃ˚ a companion Snp.4 …

…vihāra) Dhs.8 = Dhs.85 (= vicāra); Dhs-a.167. usually -˚ (n. adj.): kāma˚ going at will Ja.iv.261; pamāda˚ a slothful life Ja.i.9;…

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of how, with no family or friends, she wandering begging food to survive. One day she met Paṭācārā who had just finished eating. Paṭācārā, seeing her pitiable …

Kisāgotamī

A nun who was declared chief among women disciples with respect to the wearing of coarse robes. AN.i.25 Gotamī was her name—she was called Kisā because of her thinness.

In her Therīgāthā …

KāsiKāsikaKāsigāmaKāsinigama

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 its capital being Bārāṇasī.

At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king …

A Yakkha chief to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in time of need. Aiii.205

MāraNamuciKaṇhaAdhipatiAntakaPamattabandhuPāpimā

Generally regarded as the personification of Death, the Evil One, the Tempter. Sometimes known as the Dark One (Kaṇha). Snp.355 MN.i.377 DN.ii.262 T …

Paṭācārā

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of her efforts to attain Awakening. Thig.112–116 She was declared by the Buddha to be the best among bhikkhunīs who knew the Vinaya. AN.i.25 She was …

paráznaság

megközelítő összpontosítás

gondolkodás, gondolati megtartás

visiting, frequenting.

good conduct.

undertaken or practiced excessively.

1. (n.) to great exertion.
2. (mfn.) exerting oneself too much

practices, commits (an offense).

misconduct, transgression (esp. sexual).

(& mfn.?)

1. (n.) immovability; imperturbability.
2. (mfn., or n. in apposition?) unmoved; not to be stirred; imperturbable (often applied both to determinative actions leading to existence in arūpāv …

traveling through the air

traveling through the air.

walks after or along; walks with; follows; pursues; prosecutes.

goes around, walks about (with); walks along, traverses; considers.

1. wanders about or through; explores.
2. thinks of, ponders.

guides (someone) round

gone through, explored; scrutinized

1. (m.) misconduct, esp. sexual misconduct.
2. (mfn.) immoral, unchaste

going for alms without asking permission

with a small caravan

not traveling with a company or caravans.

goes beyond the bounds; transgresses sexually (against), is unfaithful (to); commits adultery.

who is helpful, who does good, brings benefit; who serves

(-ikā)n.

who watches his behavior

courtyard; a cross road; a thoroughfare.

indeclinable then at that moment; in that case; yet; (as emphatic particle) then; commonly used as emphatic particle (preceded by atha) in interrogative clauses, often expressing exasperation or indig …

one who goes about or roams; a wandering ascetic.

of carati

(~antī)n of carati

(according to commentary) a retinue in front and behind.

of carati

1. (m. n.) a foot.
2. (n.) behavior; conduct; esp. good and moral conduct.
3. (n.) a traveling picture, a painting on cloth which is carried around.

perfect in good conduct.

of good conduct.

of good conduct.

whose behavior is wroing; failing in good conduct.

of carati

of carati

of carati

of carati

of carati

of carati

of carati

painted cloth (carried round by wandering actors); a play performed by wandering actors; ?

considering, planning (the making of robes)

does one’s duty, does what is right; lives righteously; practices the dhamma.

difficult to practice, hard to do

going about or living alone; solitary

of such behavior, of such conduct.

the immediate surroundings of a house, the ground belonging to a house.

1. a grazing; search for food; where and on what animals feed; the particular feeding ground, the particular food of an animal.
2. a mendicant’s begging-round; where mendicants (properly) beg for foo …

village from where a mendicant obtains food; a village where mendicants can (properly) beg for food.

the environs; the outskirts of a village.

sphere of desire, domain of wishes

how, pray? how indeed?

interrog. how then? why then? how is it that …?

belonging to the sphere of sensual experience (kāmadhātu)

an attendant on a nāga.

being active in a secret or low way; spying out, investigating; an informer, spy, secret agent; a robber.

1. comes down.
2. spies out; investigates.

decoy deer; a tame animal

together with follower(s).

dishonest caravan.

means of making music; instruments.

dung; feces; excrement.

feces and urine

defecating and passing urine

lifting up, raising.

one) who moves or lives in water; an aquatic creature

who moves or lives in water; an aquatic creature.

approaches; serves, attends; treats carefully, honors; uses figuratively.

approach, way or means of approach; access; vicinity, neighborhood; access; surrounding space; precincts; environs.

attending upon, serving.

ranges over (mentally), considers, occupies oneself with.

ranging over (mentally); preoccupation.

acts, does; behaves; behaves oneself; practices, performs; uses, applies.

behavior, conduct, practice; good conduct, right way of behaving; rule of conduct; approaching.

good behavior and associations

(& mfn.?)

1. (n.) immovability; imperturbability.
2. (mfn., or n. in apposition?) unmoved; not to be stirred; imperturbable (often applied both to determinative actions leading to existence in arūpāv …

Akanittha: the ‘Great or Non-junior Ones’, i.e. ‘Highest Gods’, are the inhabitants of the 5th and highest heaven of the Pure Abodes suddhāvāsa, cf. avacara deva II Anāgāmī

Akuppa-dhamma: The unshakeable state; is that of one who has attained full mastery over the absorptions jhāna. In Pug. 4 it is said: What person is unshakable? If a person gains the meditative …

…paths see: ariya-puggala. These 4 moments of impulsion are: the preparation parikamma, access upacāra, adaptation anuloma and…

…thinking vitakka - vicāra are extinguished. Having entered the 3rd absorption, joy pīti is extinguished. Having entered the 4th…

…during absorption jhāna, whilst the neighbourhood or access-concentration upacāra samādhi only approaches the 1st absorption…

Arūpāvacara: Formless spheres see: avacara

…thinking vitakka and vicāra are called verbal constructions vacī-sankhāra, see: sankhāra 2. In-and-out-breathing forms one of the…

Avacara: S phere, realm, level or dimension. The 3 levels of existence are: the sense-level kāmāvacara, the fine-material level rūpāvacara, the formless level arūpāvacara. Which things are …

…upacāra-samādhi, see: samādhi.

4 sublime abodes brahma-vihāra: loving-kindness, Pity,…

Carana: see: vijjā-carana.

…VI, 8. - Indulging in e., see: manopavicāra

[[fine-material sphere]]Fine-material sphere: or [[fine-material sphere]]Fine-material world: see: avacara loka Absorptions of the: rūpa-jjhāna see: jhāna

Gladness: somanassa - Indulging in g., see: manopavicāra.

Grief: domanassa - Indulging in g. see: manopavicāra.

[[immaterial sphere]]Immaterial sphere: arūpāvacara cf. avacara jhāna 5-8; Tab. I.

Indulging: in joy, sadness etc.: see: manopavicāra.

…parikamma approach upacāra adaptation anuloma and change-of-lineage-moment gotrabhū In connection with entering the earth-kasina…

…and discursive thinking vicāra, born of detachment vivekaja and filled with rapture pīti and joy sukha he enters the first…

…2 discursive thinking vicāra 3 interest pīti 4 joy sukha 5 sadness domanassa 6 indifference upekkhā 7 concentration samādhi For…

Parihāna-dhamma: ‘liable to decline’.;Now, someone reaches the attainments absorptions: jhāna of the fine-material or immaterial sphere see: avacara But he does not reach them according to h …

Pañca-vokāra-bhava: ‘five-group existence’, is a name for existence in the sense-sphere kāmāvacara or in the fine-material sphere rūpāvacara avacara since all the 5 groups of existence …

[[planes of existence]]Planes of existence: the 3: see: avacara.

Āneñja: Static imperturbability, denotes the mental state of being(s) in the formless sphere arūpāvacara avacara, see: sankhāra cf. M. 106.

…AN.iii.422.

abhi + samācārika, to samācāra

1. to sit, to sit still Vin.i.289; AN.ii.15; Iti.120 (in set carati tiṭṭhati a. sayati, where otherwise nisinna stands for acchati) Vv.74#1 (= nisīdati Vv-a.298); Pv-a.4.
2. to stay remain, to lea …

adjective & adverb exerting oneself very or too much, with great exertion Vin.i.182; Thag.638; Snp-a.21.

ati + āraddha

to speak more or better, to surpass in talk or speech; to talk somebody down, to persuade, entice Vin.iv.224, Vin.iv.263; SN.ii.204 sq.; Ja.v.433 (variant reading BB ajjhārati), Ja.v.434 (variant read …

fire.

1. fire, flames, sparks; conflagration Vin.ii.120 (fire in bathroom); MN.i.487 (anāhāro nibbuto f. gone out for lack of fuel); SN.iv.185, SN.iv.399 (sa-upādāno jalati provided with fuel blazes …

1. to conduct oneself according to Vin.ii.301; MN.i.523; Mil.266.
2. to flirt with (perhaps to embrace) Ja.iv.231 (aññam-aññaṃ) pp. ajjhāciṇṇa. See also accāvadati & aticarati …

habitually done Vin.ii.80 sq., Vin.ii.301.

pp. of ajjhācarati

1. minor conduct (conduct of a bhikkhu as to those minor rules not included in the Pārājikas or Saṃghādisesas) Vin.i.63 (see note in Vin. Texts, i.184.
2. flirtation Vin.iii.128 (in the Old Cy as ex …

…Should we read ajjhācara? Cp. ajjhācāra.

fr. adhi + ā + var

Anta¹

1. end, finish, goal SN.iv.368 (of Nibbāna); Snp.467; Ja.ii.159. antaṃ karoti to make an end (of) Snp.283, Snp.512; Dhp.275, cp. antakara, ˚kiriyā
   ■ loc. ante at the end of, …

the atmosphere or air DN.ii.15; AN.iii.239; AN.iv.199; Snp.222, Snp.688; Dhp.127; Mil.150 = Pv-a.104; Pv.i.3#1 (= vehāyasa-saññita a Pv-a.14); Kp-a.166.

• -ga going through the air AN.i.215.
• …

adjective Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between” as adj. “inner”; in prep. use & in compounds “inside, in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides …

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

to move along, to follow; to practice; pp. anuciṇṇa & anucarita; (q.v.)

anu + cariti

(-˚) connected with, accompanied by, pervaded with DN.i.16, DN.i.21 (vīmaṃsa˚ anuvicarita DN-a.i.106); MN.i.68 (id.); Mil.226.

pp. of anucarati

past participle

1. pursuing, following out, practising, doing; having attained or practised Vin.ii.203 = Iti.86 (pamādaṃ); Ja.i.20 (verse 126); Thag.236 Thag.2, Thag.206; Dpvs.iv.9.
2. adorned with, …

threshing out, pounding up (Dhs. trsl. 11), always used with ref. to the term vicāra (q.v.) Mil.62; Dhs-a.114; DN-a.i.63, DN-a.i.122.

abstr. fr. anumajjati

to go round about, to go about, to wander or travel all over (c. acc.) Vin.ii.111; SN.i.102, SN.i.124; Thag.1235 (˚pariyeti), Thag.1250 (id. to search) Pv.iii.3#4 (= anuvicarati); Mil.38; Pv-a.92 (*\ …

to walk along, to go round about, to visit MN.i.279; SN.v.53, SN.v.301; Ja.i.202 Ja.iii.502; Pv-a.279 (nagaraṃ)
pp anusañcarita (q.v.).

anu + saṃ + carati

frequented, visited, resorted to Mil.387.

pp. of anusañcarati

to wander about, stroll roam through, explore DN.i.235; Ja.ii.128; Ja.iii.188; Pv-a.189 (= anupariyāti)
caus -vicāreti to think over (lit. to make one’s mind wander over), to meditate ponder (cp …

meditation, reflexion, thought Dhs.85 (= vicāra).

anu + vicāra, cf. anuvicāreti

misconduct, immorality Ja.ii.133; Ja.iii.276; adj. anācārin Pp.57.

an + ācāra

…or being asked; in -kata unasked, unpermitted, uninvited Ja.vi.226 -cāra living uninvited Vin.v.132; AN.iii.259.

an + āmanta

…˚kirati, ˚gata, ˚cāra ˚jhāyati, ˚thaṭa, ˚dāna, ˚dhāreti, ˚nata, ˚nāmeti, ˚nīta ˚lekhana, ˚loketi, ˚vadati.

Vedic apa;…

falling off, fault, wrong doing Ja.vi.375.

fr. apa + car, cp. Sk. apa & abhi-carati

(freq. spelled appamāna) adjective

1. “without measure”, immeasurable, endless, boundless unlimited, unrestricted all-permeating SN.iv.186 (˚cetaso) AN.ii.73; AN.v.63; Snp.507 (mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāva …

adjective noun

1. (racial) Aryan DN.ii.87.
2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by Aryans, gene …

adjective without form or body, incorporeal, DN.i.195 sq.; DN.iii.240; Snp.755; Iti.62; Sdhp.228, Sdhp.463 Sdhp.480. See details under rūpa.

• -āvacara the realm or world of Formlessness, Dhs.1281 …

1. to go about, to roam about Pv.ii.12#15; Pv-a.57.
2. to transgress, to commit adultery Ja.i.496. Cp. next.

ati + carati

transgression Pv-a.159.

fr. aticarati

one who transgresses, esp. a woman who commits adultery AN.ii.61 (all MSS. read aticaritvā); AN.iv.66 (T. aticarittā).

n. ag. of. aticarati

transgression Vv.15#8 (= aticca cāra Vv-a.72).

from aticarati

adjective noun transgressing, sinning, esp. as f. aticārinī an adulteress SN.ii.259; SN.iv.242; DN.iii.190; AN.iii.261; Pv.ii.12#14; Pv-a.151 (variant reading BB), Pv-a.152; Vv-a.110.

from aticarati

going over or further, passing beyond, traversing; fig. overcoming of, overstepping, failing against, transgression Dhp.191; Dhs.299; Pv-a.154 (katipayayojan˚), Pv-a.159 (˚caraṇa sinful mode of life …

(˚cāra?) wandering about too much Mil.277.

ati + sañcāra

one who belongs to a conveyance, one who conveys or guides, a conductor (of a caravan Ja.v.471, Ja.v.472 (˚purisa).

fr. ativāha

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

(-˚) neuter adjective

1. (adj.) living in or with, moving in DN.i.206 (santika˚ one who stays near, a companion); fig. dealing or familiar with, at home in AN.ii.189 (atakka˚); AN.iv.314 (parisā˚); …

Avacaraka & ocaraka

adjective noun

1. only in cpd. kāmâvacarika as adj. to kāmâvacara, belonging to the sphere of sense experiences, Sdhp.254.
2. Late form of ocaraka, spy, only in C. on Thag.315 ff …

being familiar with, dealing with, occupation Ja.ii.95.

fr. avacarati 1

pronoun another etc

A. By itself

1. other not the same, different, another, somebody else (opp oneself) Vin.iii.144 (aññena, scil. maggena, gacchati to take a different route); Snp.459, Sn …

Aṅgaṇa¹

neuter an open space, a clearing, Vin.ii.218; Ja.i.109 (= manussānan sañcaraṇa-ṭṭhāne anāvaṭe bhūmibhāge C.); Ja.ii.243, Ja.ii.290 Ja.ii.357; Dāvs i.27
■ cetiy˚; an open space …

Aṭṭha¹

num. card, eight, decl. like pl. of adj. in-a A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds ˚angula, ˚nakha, ˚pada, ˚pāda B. The number in …

indeclinable the sound (& letter); b, often substituted for or replaced by p (& ph): so is e.g. in Bdhgh’s view pahuta the word bahuta, with p for b (Kp-a.207), cp. bakkula badara, badālatā, ba …

Baddha¹

1. bound, in bondage MN.i.275; SN.i.133; SN.iv.91; Snp.957 (interpreted as “baddhacara by Mnd.464); Dhp.324.
2. snared, trapped Ja.ii.153 Ja.iii.184; Ja.iv.251, Ja.iv.414.
3. made f …

see paddhacara.

…debating Mil.90.

• -samācāra (good) conduct in speech, proficiency in disputation DN.iii.106. *…

sort of tree, perhaps Averrhoa carambola Ja.vi.529.

cp. Class. Sk. bhavya

kettle-drum (of large size; Dhs-a.319 distinguishes 2 kinds: mahā˚ & paṭaha˚ DN.i.79; AN.ii.185; Vv.81#10; Ja.vi.465; Dhp-a.i.396; Sdhp.429
■ issara˚; the drum of the ruler or lord Ja.i.283 *pa …

an almsman, a mendicant, a Buddhist monk or priest, a bhikkhu.
■ nom. sg. bhikkhu freq. passim; Vin.iii.40 (vuḍḍhapabbajita); AN.i.78 (thera bh., an elder bh.; and nava bh. …

…Snp.700; Pv-a.146.

• -cāra = ˚cariyā Mhbv.28
• -paññatti declaration of alms, announcement…

1. (lit.) ground, soil, earth Vin.ii.175; Snp.418 (yāna carriage road); Pv.i.10#14≈; Snp-a.353 (heṭṭhā-bhūmiyaṃ under the earth); Dhp-a.i.414 (id., opp. upari-bhūmiyaṃ)
2. place, quarter, district …

…Vv.34#11 (acc. pl. brahmacāraye for ˚cārino); Dhp.142; Mil.75; DN-a.i.72 (brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratī ti br. c.)…

…Vv.34#11 (acc. pl. brahmacāraye for ˚cārino); Dhp.142; Mil.75; DN-a.i.72 (brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ ācāraṃ caratī ti br. c.)…

Buddha¹

adjective

1. understood SN.i.35 = SN.i.60 (su-dub-buddha very difficult to understand)
2. having attained enlightenment, wise AN.iv.449; Pv-a.16 (buddh’ ādayo), Pv-a.60 (= ari …

quadrangular place, a square, courtyard; a place where four roads meet, a cross road Vin.iii.151; Vin.iv.271; Mil.1 (+ catukkasinghāṭaka), Mil.330 (do.); Ja.i.425 (˚raccha).

Sk. catvara, cp. Trenckn …

I. Crude meaning

1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dhp.1; Pv-a.65 (ratha˚); Mil.27.
2. a discus used as a missile weapon Ja.i.74; Pgdp.36; cp khura˚ a razor as an instr. of torture.
3. a disc, a …

to move, stir, be agitated, tremble, be confused, waver SN.i.107; Snp.752; Ja.i.303 (kileso cali), Ja.iii.188 (macchā c.) Mil.260
ppr med. calamāna Ja.iv.331
■ Esp. freq. in expression kammaja-vā …

adverb then, therefore now, esp. after interr. pron.: ko carahi jānāti who then knows? Snp.990; kathañ carahi jānemu how then shall we know? Snp.999; kiñ c. AN.v.194
■ Vin.i.36; Vin.ii.292; Snp.988; …

1. = cara² (a messenger) Ja.vi.369 (attha˚); adj. walking through: sabbalokaṃ˚ Ja.v.395.
2. any animal SN.i.106; Pv-a.153 (vana˚).

…cara, caraṇa, cariyā, cāraka, cārikā, cārin.

Meaning:

1. Lit.
   1. to move about, to walk, travel etc.; almost synon. with gacchati…

1. walking about grazing, feeding Vv-a.308 (˚ṭṭhāna).
2. the foot Vin.iv.212; Ja.v.431.
3. acting, behaviour, good conduct, freq. in combination with vijjā, e.g. AN.ii.163 AN.v.327; Dhp.144; Vism.202 …

adjective one of good conduct (= sampannacaraṇa) Snp.533, Snp.536.

adjective subsequent, last (opp. pubba) Thag.202; Iti.18; Ja.v.120
■ acarima not later (apubba ac˚ simultaneously) DN.i.185; MN.iii.65; Pp.13.

• -bhava the last rebirth (in Sa …

1. (adj.) going, moving, being like, behaving (-˚) Ja.vi.313; Mil.92 (rāgac˚ = ratta); Vism.105, Vism.114 (rāga˚, dosa˚, moha˚ etc.).
2. (nt.) action, behaviour, living Dhp.330 (ekassa c. living alon …

cariyā (f.) (mostly-˚) conduct, behaviour, state of, life of. Three cariyās at Pts.i.79; six at Vism.101; eight at Pts.ii.19 sq., Pts.ii.225 & four sets of eight in detail at Cnd.237^b. Ver …

to cause to move, to make go Ja.i.267 (bheriṃ c. to have the drum beaten); Pv-a.75 (do.); Dhp-a.i.398 (to circulate). As cārāpeti Ja.v.510 (bheriṃ).

Caus. 11. of carati

adjective moving to & fro, trembling, unsteady Ja.iv.498 (= calācala) Sdhp.317, Sdhp.598.

Intens. of cal = car, to move, with n instead of r in reduplication, cp. Sk. cañcūryate = carcarīti cañcala …

…(cp. vitakka-vicāra sach compounds as phalâphala, bhavâbhava) DN.i.213; see also citta. Occurring in the…

1. (adj.) thought out, invented, devised SN.i.137 (dhammo asuddho samalehi c.); SN.iii.151 (caraṇaṃ nāma cittaṃ citten’ eva c.); Pv.ii.6#13 (mantaṃ brahma˚, expl. Pv-a.97 by kathitaṃ)
2. (nt.) a thou …

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

of citta¹, more various, more varied. SN.iii.151 sq
■ a punning passage, thus: by the procedure (caraṇa) of mind (in the past) the present mind (citta) is still more varied. Cp. SA in loc …

travelled over, resorted to, made a habit of; done, performed, practised Ja.iii.541; Mil.360-su˚ well performed, accomplished SN.i.42 = SN.i.214 = Snp.181; Pv.iii.5#6
■ Cp. ā˚, pari˚, vi˚.

• *-ṭṭ …

(cārika) adjective wandering about, living, going, behaving, always-˚, like ākāsa˚, niketa˚, pure˚ (see pubbangama), vana˚, -f. cārikā journey, wandering esp. as cārikaṃ carati to go on alms-pilg …

adjective = cāraka Snp.162 (saṃsuddha˚).

v.v. vāraṇika Thag.1129? a little play, masque, cp. Sk cāraṇa & Mrs. Rh. D.; Pss of the Brethren, 419.

to set going, to pasture, feed, preserve: indriyāni c. to feast one’s senses (cp. Ger. “augenweide”) Pv-a.58; khantiṃ c to feed meekness DN-a.i.277; olambakaṃ cārento drooping Ja.i.174; Pass. ppr. * …

Danta¹

a tooth, a tusk, fang, esp. an elephant’s tusk; ivory Vin.ii.117 (nāga-d. a pin of ivory); Kp ii. (as one of the taca-pañcaka, or 5 dermatic constituents of the body, viz. kesā, l …

cara* a cave dweller (of a monkey) Ja.v.70;

• -mukha entrance of a cave Vism.110.
• -saya a lair in a cleft Cp.iii.7#1.

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

adjective lawful, according to the Dh. or the rule; proper, fit, right permitted, legitimate, justified; righteous, honourable of good character, just, esp. an attr. of a righteous King (rājā cakkavat …

Dhītar & Dhītā

masculine & feminine daughter Thig.336 (in faith); Ja.i.152, Ja.i.253 Ja.vi.366; Pv.i.11#5; Dhp-a.iii.171, Dhp-a.iii.176; Pv-a.16, Pv-a.21, Pv-a.61, Pv-a.105 deva˚ a female deva …

Dhītar & Dhītā

masculine & feminine daughter Thig.336 (in faith); Ja.i.152, Ja.i.253 Ja.vi.366; Pv.i.11#5; Dhp-a.iii.171, Dhp-a.iii.176; Pv-a.16, Pv-a.21, Pv-a.61, Pv-a.105 deva˚ a female deva …

…vipattiyo viz. sīla˚, ācāra˚, d.˚, ājīva˚; opp. ˚sampadā Vin.v.98; DN.iii.213; AN.i.95, AN.i.268; Pp.21; Dhs.1362; Vb.361…

…SN.v.209 sq.;

• -upavicāra discrimination of that which gives distress of mind DN.iii.245; *…

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

adjective noun masculine one. Eka follows the pron. declension i.e. nom. pl. is eke (e.g. Snp.43, Snp.294, Snp.780 etc.)

1. “one” as number, either with or without contrast to two or more; often al …

adverb now, at present DN.i.29, DN.i.151, DN.i.179, DN.i.200; DN.ii.3; Ja.i.215 (opp. tadā), Ja.iii.82; Ja.vi.364 (instead of paccuppanna).

Sk. etarhi, cp. tarahi & carahi

Gaṇhati & Gaṇhāti

The forms of the verb are from three bases, viz.

1. gaṇha- (Sk. gṛhṇā-);
   ■ Pres.: ind. gaṇhāti (gaṇhāsi Pv-a.87)
   pot gaṇheyya,
   imper gaṇha (Ja.i.159; Pv-a.49 …

Gaṇhati & Gaṇhāti

The forms of the verb are from three bases, viz.

1. gaṇha- (Sk. gṛhṇā-);
   ■ Pres.: ind. gaṇhāti (gaṇhāsi Pv-a.87)
   pot gaṇheyya,
   imper gaṇha (Ja.i.159; Pv-a.49 …

grass for fodder, pasturing: food Ja.i.511 (˚ṃ kurute); Pv-a.173 (˚atthāya gacchati “go feeding”) Mostly in: -esana search for food (= gocara) SN.i.141; Snp.711
■ Cp. vi˚*-[chada](/define/chada …

to swallow to devour: mā Rāhu gilī caraṃ antalikkhe SN.i.51 = Vv-a.116; mā gilī lohagulaṃ Dhp.371
■ Ja.iii.338; Mil.106
pp gilita: gilitabaḷisa having swallowed the hook SN.iv …

…Vb.246, Vb.247 but cp. pāpācāra-gocara Snp.280, Snp.282. This phrase (ācāra-gocara) is also discussed in detail at Vism.19 where 3 kinds of…

…Vin.iv.65; Vin.v.210; -ūpacāra the outskirts of a village. Vin.i.109, Vin.i.110; defined at Vin.iii.46 Vin.iii.200;…

…The Dhtm (535) gives had in meaning of “uccāra ussagga”

1. hand DN.i.124; AN.i.47; Snp.610; Ja.vi.40
   ■ forearm Vin.iv.221; of animals SN.v.148; Ja.i.149; -pāda hand and foot MN.i.523; AN.i.47; Ja.ii.117; Pv-a.241; Dhp-a.iv.7. sahassa˚; thousand …

…Ja.i.241, Ja.i.244.

• -ūpacāra beneficial conduct saving goodness Ja.i.172.
• -esin desiring another’s welfare,…

adjective saying “huṃ, huṃ,” i.e. grumbly, rough; -jātika one who has a grumbly nature, said of the brahmins Vin.i.2; Ud.3 (“proud of his caste Seidenstūcker). nihuhuṅka (= n …

wish, longing, desire DN.ii.243; DN.iii.75; SN.i.40 (˚dhūpāyito loko), SN.i.44 (naraṃ parikassati) AN.ii.143; AN.iv.293 sq.; AN.iv.325 sq.; v.40, v.42 sq.; Snp.773 Snp.872; Dhp.74, Dhp.264 (˚lobha-sa …

to move, to wander about stir; fig. to move, behave, show a certain way of deportment MN.i.74, MN.i.75; SN.i.53 (dukkhaṃ aticca iriyati); SN.iv.71; AN.iii.451; AN.v.41; Snp.947, Snp.1063, Snp.1097; Th …

water Snp.845; Ja.i.222; Ja.iii.188; Ja.iv.137.

• -gocara living in the water Ja.ii.158.
• -ja born or sprung from w. Ja.iv.333; Ja.v.445; Vv-a.42;
• -da “gi …

the leg, usually the lower leg (from knee to ankle) DN.ii.17≈(SN.i.16 = Snp.165 (eṇi˚); Snp.610; Ja.ii.240; Ja.v.42; Ja.vi.34; Thag-a.212). In compounds jangha (except in janghā-vihāra).

• *-[umma …

adjective always in combination with āhāra, food “made into a ball,” i.e. eatable, material food, as one of the 4 kinds of food (see stock phrase k˚ āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā… at …

Kaccha¹

neuter

1. marshy land, marshes; long grass, rush, reed SN.i.52 (te hi sotthiṃ gamissanti kacche vāmakase magā), SN.i.78 (parūḷha k-nakha-lomā with nails and hair like long-grow …

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

adverb dubit. interr. part.

1. how; with ind. pres. Pv-a.6 (k. puriso paṭilabhati), or with fut. & cond. Ja.i.222; Ja.ii.159 (k. tattha gamissāmi); Ja.vi.500; Pv-a.54 (na dassāmi)
2. why, for what …

I. Crude meaning

bulk, massiveness (gross) substance.

1. Esp. used
   1. of an elephant: the bulk of the body, i.e. its back SN.i.95 vāraṇassa Ja.iii.392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on th …

…nikanti˚ Pts.ii.72 sq.; upacāra˚ Bdhd 94 citta˚ id. 38, 95
■ khaṇe khaṇe from time to time Dhp.239 (= okāse okāse Dhp-a.iii.340,…

…view? AN.i.62;

• -samācāra of what conduct, in comb. with;
• -sīla of what character Snp.324 (= Snp-a.331).

nt. of…

adjective juvenile, belonging to a youth or maiden: f. komārī a virgin AN.iv.210.

• -pati husband of a girl-wife Ja.ii.120.
• -brahmacariyā (˚ṃ carati …

adjective affected, excitable, infatuated Mnd.226 = Cnd.342 (variant reading kocaraka) = Vism.26 (variant reading korañjika).

fr. ku + raj or rañj, cp. rāga

(nt.; but poetic pl. kulā Pv.ii.9#43)

1. clan a high social grade, “good family,” cp. Gr. (doric) φυά, Goth. kuni. A collection of cognates and agnates, in sense of Ohg. sippa, clan; “house” in sense …

…see cpds
■ ācāra-k˚ good in conduct Dhp.376; parappavāda˚ skilled in disputation Dpvs.iv.19; magga˚ (and opp. amagga˚) one…

hollow, a glen, dell, used by Dhpāla in explⁿ of kuñjara at Vv-a.35 (kuñjaro ti kuñje giritale ramati and Pv-a.57 (kuṃ pathaviṃ jīrayati kuñjo suvāraṃ aticarati kuñjaro ti). -nadī˚; a …

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

…vacī˚, mano˚).

• -samācāra (good) conduct as regards one’s actions DN.ii.279 (+ vacī˚) MN.i.272 sq. MN.ii.113;…

adjective

1. belonging to the body, i.e. felt by the body (experienced by the senses), or resulting from the body, i.e. done by the body (= acted as opposed to spoken or thought). sukhaṃ physical hap …

to play, sport, enjoy or amuse oneself Vin.iv.112 (udake k. sport in the water); Pv.ii.1#21 (= indriyāni paricarāmi Pv-a.77) DN.ii.196; Ja.v.38 Thig.147; Pv-a.16, Pv-a.67, Pv-a.77, Pv-a.189
■ c …

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

…MN.i.376. -samācāra conduct, observance, habit of thought or mind (associated with kāya˚ & vacī˚ MN.ii.114;…

adjective

1. slow, lazy, indolent; mostly with ref. to the intellectual faculties, therefore: dull, stupid, slow of grasp, ignorant foolish MN.i.520 (+ momuha); Snp.666, Snp.820 (= momūha Mnd.153), …

…MN.i.376. -samācāra conduct, observance, habit of thought or mind (associated with kāya˚ & vacī˚ MN.ii.114;…

…mistake Ja.iii.304.

• -cāra wrong behaviour Pp.39 (& adj. cārin); Vb-a.383 (var degrees). *…

…at Vism.17 & Vb.246; anācāra; at Vb.352 lapanā; at Mil.370 it is used generally (cp. Mil trsl.…

…= DN.ii.293 etc.

• -ācāra see mutta¹.
• -karaṇa…

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

to go out or forth from, to rise, sound forth, come out Iti.75 (devasadda) Vv.38#2; Ja.i.53, Ja.i.176; Dhp-a.i.389; Vv-a.12, Vv-a.37 (saddā). Caus. nicchāreti to make come o …

…abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti Vism.495
■ N. in many cases is synonymous with nibbāna & parinibbāna; it may be said to be…

adjective sitting down, seated Ja.i.50, Ja.i.255; Ja.iii.126; Kp-a.250; Pv-a.11, Pv-a.16, Pv-a.39 passim
■ Often comb^d & contrasted with; tiṭṭhaṃ (standing), caraṃ (walking) & *[s …

boat, ship Vin.iii.49 (q.v. for definition & description) SN.i.106 (eka-rukkhikā); SN.i.iii.155 = SN.i.v.51 = AN.iv.127 (sāmuddikā “a liner”); AN.ii.200; AN.iii.368; Snp.321, Snp.770, Snp.771; Dhp. …

Ocaraka

in special meaning of one who makes himself at home or familiar with, an investigator, informant scout, spy (ocarakā ti carapurisā C. on Ud.66)
■ Thus also in BSk. as avacaraka one who furn …

Avacaraka & ocaraka

adjective noun

1. only in cpd. kāmâvacarika as adj. to kāmâvacara, belonging to the sphere of sense experiences, Sdhp.254.
2. Late form of ocaraka, spy, only in C. on Thag.315 ff …

to be after something, to go into, to search, reconnoitre, investigate, pry Vin.iii.52 (ger. ˚itvā) MN.i.502 (ocarati); SN.i.79 (˚itvā: so read for T. ocaritā C. explains by vīmaṃsitvā taṃ taṃ pavatti …

gone into, investigated, scouted, explored SN.i.79 = Ud.66 (reads otiṇṇa).

pp. of ocarati

1. to put down, to put in, supply MN.i.117 (okacaraṃ, see under oka); MN.ii.216 (agad’angāraṃ vaṇa-mukhe odaheyya); Thag.774 (migavo pāsaṃ odahi the hunter set a snare; Morris, J.P.T …

resting place, shelter, resort; house, dwelling; fig. (this meaning according to later commentators prevailing in anoka, liking, fondness, attachment to (worldly things) SN.iii.9 = Snp.844 (okam pahāy …

Okāsa

1. lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space DN.i.34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā pariccheda), Vism.243 (id.); Pv-a.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā …

Omāna¹

disregard, disrespect, contempt Dhp-a.ii.52 (+ atimāna) Cp. foll. & see also; avamāna.

fr. o + man, think. The Sk. avamāna is later

Omāna²

at …

1. descent to, i.e. approach to, access, fig. chance, opportunity otāraṃ labhati. Only in the Māra myth. He, the tempter, ʻgets his chance’ to tempt the Buddha or the disciples, MN.i.334; SN.i.122; …

to go after, walk in; fig. practise, perform, observe Vv.32#9 (variant reading pavarati, cp. Vv-a.136).

pa + carati

to go about in (acc.), to frequent, to visit AN.i.182, AN.i.183 (pacārayāmi, gloss sañcarissāmi).

pa + cāreti, Caus. of car

…ca); Ja.vi.529.

• -sañcita filled with clefts (?) Vin.iv.46.
• -samācāra refractiousness,…

Paddha¹

adjective

1. expert in (loc.) Ja.vi.476 (variant reading patha = paṭṭha; C. cheko paṭibalo).
2. subject to, serving, attending Ja.iv.35 (p. carāmi, so read for baḍḍha, see Kern, …

…female servant = C. pāda-paricārikā); Mnd.464 (+ paricārika) Snp-a.597 (+ paricāraka, for paddhagū).

paddha¹ + cara, cp….

adjective noun

1. going, walking Ja.iii.95 (T. na p’ addhaguṃ, but C. reads paddhaguṃ)
2. humble, ready to serve, servant, attendant, slave SN.i.104 (so read for paccagu); Snp.1095 (T. for paṭṭhagu q …

1. to stretch forth, hold out or up, take up DN.i.123 (sujaṃ the sacrificial ladle), DN.i.125 (añjaliṃ stretch out the hollow hands as a token of respectful greeting); SN.i.141; SN.ii.280; Ja.i.89 (pa …

(-˚) a certain weight (or measure), spelt also phala (see phala²), only in cpd. sata˚; a hundred (carat) in weight Thag.97 (of kaṃsa); Ja.vi.510 (sa …

1. discharging, launching, letting loose, gushing out; in phrases itivāda˚ pouring out gossip MN.i.133; SN.v.73; AN.ii.26; DN-a.i.21; and caravāda˚ id. SN.iii.12; SN.v.419.
2. release deliverance SN. …

…cp. Vin.ii.363); MN.i.450; MN.ii.121 (variant reading BB paradatta˚), -and -samācāra living a good (active) life MN.i.469.

for uparada…

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

to move about, in var. senses, viz.

1. to go about, look after AN.iii.94 (upaṭṭhahati + Ja.v.421; Pv-a.175.
2. to worship (only in connection aggin p. to worship the fire) DN.i.101; SN.i.166; Dhp.1 …

…enjoyment, pleasure (indriyānaṃ) Pv-a.16. See also paricāraṇā.

fr. pari + car

servant, attendant DN-a.i.269.

fr. paricaraṇa

going about, service, ministration, worship SN.i.182; AN.i.132; Dhp-a.ii.232 (aggi˚;) Occurs also as pāricariyā (q.v.), e.g. at Ja.v.154. See also paricārikā.

fr. paricarati

1. surrounded, attended Ja.v.90.
2. worshipped MN.i.497; SN.iv.57 (me Satthā p.), cp. Thag.178 (Satthā ca p. me) & Thag.891 (p. mayā Satthā).
3. practised, performed Mil.360.

pari + ciṇṇa, pp. of carati

fr. serving, attendance; (m.) servant, attendant Thag.632 (C. on this stanza for paddhagū).

paricāreti

…follower (cp BSk. paricāraka attendant Avs.i.170; Avs.ii.167] DN.i.101 DN.ii.200; Thag.475; Snp.p.218 (Nd ii.reads ˚cārika) Ja.i.84;…

care, attention, looking after; pleasure, feasting, satisfaction Pv.ii.1#2 (gloss for ˚cārika); Pv-a.219.

fr. paricāreti

…worship [cp. BSk. paricārayati Divy.114 sq., Divy.421] SN.i.124 (pāde); Dhp-a.iii.196 (id.); Ja.i.81 (˚cāritabba-ṭṭhāna place of…

adjective noun = paricāraka (servant, attendant) AN.v.263 (aggi˚ fire-worshipper); Pv.ii.6#20 (amacca minister & attendant); Thag-a.267;…

1. to take care of, to attend to (acc.), shelter, protect, keep up, preserve, look after Vin.i.42 Vin.ii.188; DN.ii.100 (sanghaṃ); DN.ii.14 (gabbhaṃ kucchinā) MN.i.124, MN.i.459; SN.iii.1; AN.iii.123; …

1. keeping up, preserving, care, attention, pleasure Pv-a.219 (with variant reading ˚caraṇā for paricārikā Pv.iv.1#2).
2. keeping secret, guarding hiding, deceiving Vb.358 = Pp.23.

= pariharaṇa

surrounding people, group collection, company, assembly, association, multitude Var. typical sets of assemblies are found in the Canon viz, eight assemblies (khattiya˚, brāhmaṇa˚, gahapati˚ samaṇa˚, …

…homage, fame“ (cp. paricāra) AN.i.38 ˚sampadā) Pts.i.172 (pariggaha, p., paripūra); Dhp-a.ii.77 Thag-a.241 (dhana + , riches and fame);…

…Ja.v.234. See also parivāra 4 and paricāraka.

parivāra + ka

search for DN.i.222; AN.i.93 (āmisa˚ & dhamma˚); AN.iii.416; Snp.289 (vijjācaraṇa˚) Ja.i.14; Ne.1, Ne.5; DN-a.i.271.

pari + eṭṭhi of esati, ā + iṣ

(-˚) knowing, recognising, understanding Iti.44 (bhūta˚ so, or should we read bhūtapariññāya?); also in cpd. pariññacārin (to be exp^d as shortened gr. pariññā?) Snp.537 (= paññāya paricchi …

calmness, tranquillity, repose, serenity MN.iii.86; SN.ii.30; SN.iv.78; SN.v.66; AN.iv.455 sq.; Pts.ii.244; Dhs.40 (kāya˚), Dhs.41 (citta˚), cp. Dhs trsl. 23; Vism.129; Vb-a.314 (kāya˚, citta˚); Dh …

…MN.iii.90; Ja.i.164 (uccāra-passāvaṃ vissajjeti), Ja.i.338, Ja.v.164, Ja.v.389; Vism.235 (uccāra˚).

*…

…manussānaṃ anupacāra-ṭṭhānaṃ yattha na kasanti na vapanti“ DN-a.i.210; Ud.43 (patthañ ca sayan’ āsanaṃ, ed.; but…

to investigate thoroughly MN.iii.85; SN.v.68.

pa + vicarati

thrown down, fig. given up, abandoned Thag.350 (˚gocara).

pp. of pavijjhati

…form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; Gr.πεμπώβολος, Lat. quinqu-ennis etc.).

1. Characteristics of…

intelligence, comprising all the higher faculties of cognition, “intellect as conversant with general truths” (Dial. ii.68), reason wisdom, insight, knowledge, recognition. See on term Mrs. Rh. D. * …

adjective poor (lit. dressed in old clothes): so read perhaps at Ja.vi.227 (vv. ll paḷaccari paṭiccari).

paṭa + carin but cp. Sk. pāṭaccara a shoplifter Halāyudha 2, 185

1. to wander about, to deal with Mil.94.
2. to go about or evade (a question), to obscure a matter of discussion, in phrase aññena aññaṃ p. “to be saved by another in another way,” or to from one (t …

intercourse, visit, dealing with Mil.94.

fr. paṭi + car

adjective satisfied, happy Dhp-a.ii.269 (˚ācāra) Patititthati (patitthahati)

to answer, reply AN.iv.168 (variant reading for paṭicarati); Snp.932; Dhp.133; Mnd.397; Pv-a.39.

paṭi + vadati

adjective paternal Vin.iii.16; Vin.iv.223; DN.ii.232; SN.v.146 = Mil.368 (p. gocara); (sake p. visaye ʻyour own home-grounds’) DN.iii.58; SN.v.146; Ja.ii.59; Ja.vi.193 (iṇa). Also in cpd. *mātā-pett …

…Vin.iv.38, cp. BSk. phalacāraka.

• -maya see sep.
• -ruha fruit tree Mbvs.82.
• -sata…

indeclinable emphatic particle, as prefix only in pidahati and pilandhati where api˚ also is found (cp. api 1b).

1. also, and also, even so DN.i.1; Vin.i …

at Vin.iv.139 is to be separated (cara pi re get away with you), both pi and re acting as part. of exclamation The C. explⁿ (p. 362) by “pire (voc.?) = para amāmaka” is an artificial construction.

…summing up DN-a.i.95

• -cāra alms-round wandering for alms Snp.414
• -cārika one who goes for alms, begging Vin.ii.215 Vin.iii.34…

orig. meaning “tube,” container, hollow pocket.

1. a container, usually made of leaves (cp Ja.iv.436; Ja.v.441; Ja.vi.236), to carry fruit or other viands a pocket, basket: ucchu˚; basket for sugar …

…Vin Texts ii.19).

• -cāra moving about on feet Ja.iv.104.
• -tala the sole of the foot Vin.i.179;…

1. to protect, guard, watch, keep Snp.585; Ja.i.55; Ja.iv.127; Ja.vi.589; Mil.4 (paṭhavī lokaṃ pāleti, perhaps in meaning “keeps holds, encircles,” similar to meaning 2); Sdhp.33.
2. (lit. perhaps “to …

…(buddhiyā rahitā sattā); DN-a.i.36 (avaṇṇa˚); Pv-a.63 (bhoga˚), Pv-a.67 (ācāra˚), Pv-a.77 (gandha˚). Note.…

…dama), Dhp-a.i.397 (ācāraṃ); Ja.iv.255 (vācaṃ); Vv-a.59 (sīlāni rakkhi); Pv-a.66 (sīlaṃ rakkhatha uposathaṃ karotha). 3. to…

Rasa¹

that which is connected with the sense of taste. The defⁿ given at Vism.447 is as follows “jivhā-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇo raso, jivhā-viññāṇassa visaya-bhāvo raso, tass’ ev …

…wane of night Ja.i.19.

• -cāra (sabba˚) allnight wandering SN.i.201 (trsl. “festival”).
• -cheda…

indeclinable a part. of exclamation, mostly implying contempt, or deprecation (DN-a.i.276) “hīḷanavasena āmantanaṃ” i.e. address of disdain: heigh, go on, get away, hallo
■ DN.i.96, DN.i.107; Ja.ii …

form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc.

1. Definitions. According to P. expositors rūpa takes its designation fr. ruppati, e.g. “ruppanato rūpaṃ” Vism.588; “ruppan’ a …

Saddhiṃ & saddhi˚

(adv.) together; as prep. (following the noun): in company with (instr.) DN.i.31; Vin.i.32 Vin.iii.188 (explained as “ekato”); Ja.i.189; Ja.ii.273; DN-a.i.35; Mil.23; also with * …

Saddhiṃ & saddhi˚

(adv.) together; as prep. (following the noun): in company with (instr.) DN.i.31; Vin.i.32 Vin.iii.188 (explained as “ekato”); Ja.i.189; Ja.ii.273; DN-a.i.35; Mil.23; also with * …

heaven, the next world, popularly conceived as a place of happiness and long life (cp. the pop. etym. of “suṭṭhu-aggattā sagga” Pv-a.9 “rūpādīhi visayehi suṭṭhu aggo ti saggo” Vism.427) usually the …

companion, mate (lit. having the same activity) Ja.ii.31.

sa² = saṃ, + gocara

…holy life Ja.v.320 (= sīlācāra-sampanna C.); Ja.vi.525 (T. sahitabbata; C. explains as samādinna-vata gahita-tāpasa-vesa). Kern,

…

…adj. Vin.i.45; sallekhitācāra practising austere penance Mil.230, Mil.244, Mil.348 sq. ˚vutti Vin.ii.197; Vism.65 (˚vuttitā). Cp….

Sama¹

calmness, tranquillity, mental quiet Snp.896. samaṃ carati to become calm quiescent Ja.iv.172. Cp. -cariyā & ˚cārin.

fr. śam: see sammati¹

Sa …

festive gathering, fair a show, theatrical display. Originally a mountain cult as it was esp. held on the mountains near Rājagaha. Ja.ii.13; Ja.iii.541; Ja.vi.277, Ja.vi.559; SN.v.170; DN-a.i.84; D …

pacified, calm SN.i.236.

sama¹ + cara

1. attainment, success accomplishment; happiness, good fortune; blessing bliss AN.i.38; Pv.ii.9#47 (= sampatti Pv-a.132)
   ■ Sampadā in its pregnant meaning is applied to the accomplishments of th …

attention, consideration, discrimination, comprehension, circumspection AN.i.13 sq.; AN.ii.93; AN.iii.307; AN.iv.320; AN.v.98 sq. SN.iii.169; DN.iii.213 (sati + samp. opp. to *muṭṭha-sacca asampaj …

1. successful, complete, perfect Vin.ii.256; sampannaveyyākaraṇa a full explanation Snp.352.
2. endowed with, possessed of abounding in Vin.i.17; Snp.152, Snp.727 (ceto-vimutti˚) Ja.i.421; vijjācaraṇ …

1. to be current, to be in use MN.i.40 (= kāya-vacī-dvāraṃ sampatta s. MN-a.182)
2. to occur to, to befall, beset, assail MN.i.109, MN.i.112 MN.i.453; SN.ii.273; Iti.31; Vism.343.
3. to behave towa …

practice Mil.59.

abstr. fr. samudācarita, pp. of samudācarati

practised, indulged in Ja.ii.33; Tikp.320.

pp. of samudācarati

behaviour, practice, habit, familiarity Ja.iv.22; Snp-a.6; Dhs-a.392; Pv-a.279.

saṃ + ud + ācāra

adjective only as nt. adv. ˚ṃ gleaning, (living) by gleaning SN.i.19; Ja.iv.466 (˚ṃ carati).

saṃ + uncha + ka

to behave, act, practise MN.ii.113.

saṃ + ācarati

conduct, behaviour DN.ii.279; DN.iii.106, DN.iii.217; MN.ii.113; AN.ii.200, AN.ii.239; AN.iv.82; Snp.279; Vin.ii.248; Vin.iii.184.

saṃ + ācāra

…samādhī) is savitakka savicāra, avitakka vicāramatta or avitakka avicāra DN.iii.219; Kv.570; cp. 413; Mil.337; Dhs-a.179 sq.; it is…

…taking, bringing; asamādānacāra (m.) going for alms without taking with one (the usual set of three robes) Vin.i.254. 2. taking upon oneself,…

adjective near, close (to) Snp-a.43 (bhumma-vacana), Snp-a.174, Snp-a.437; Kp-a.111; Pv-a.47 (dvāra˚ magga) (nt.) proximity DN.i.118. Cases adverbially: acc. -aṃ near to Pv-a.107; loc. *-- …

vicinity, presence; santikaṃ into the presence of, towards Ja.i.91, Ja.i.185; santikā from the presence of, from Ja.i.43, Ja.i.83, Ja.i.189; santike in the presence of, before …

adverb “with the same steps,” i.e. without interruption, constant successive (cp. Lat stante pede & Sk. adv.; sapadi at once).

1. lit. (perhaps a later use) of a bird at Ja.v.35 …

Sattha¹

neuter a weapon, sword, knife; coll. “arms” DN.i.4, DN.i.56; Snp.309, Snp.819 (explained as 3: kāya˚, vacī˚, mano˚, referring to AN.iv.42 at Mnd.151); Ja.i.72, Ja.i.504; Pv.iii.10# …

Satthaka¹

neuter a knife, scissors Vin.ii.115 (daṇḍa˚, with a handle); Ja.v.254 (as one of the 8 parikkhāras); Mil.282. aya˚; at Ja.v.338 read -paṭṭaka.

• *-[nisādana](/define/nisād …

adjective belonging to a caravan DN.ii.344.

fr. sattha³

accompanied by investigation DN.i.37 etc., in the description of the first Jhāna. See vicāra.

passage, way, medium DN-a.i.289.

fr. saṃ + car

1. to go about, to wander DN.i.83.
2. to meet, unite, come together Ja.ii.36 (of the noose of a snare).
3. to move, to rock Ja.i.265.
4. to pass Ja.i.491

caus -cāreti to cause to move about Mil.37 …

wandering about, meeting meeting-place Ja.i.163; Ja.iv.335; Mil.359. a˚; impassable Mil.217.

fr. saṃ + car

1. going, movement, passing through Sdhp.244.
2. passages entrance, road Ja.i.409; Ja.ii.70 Ja.ii.122.

saṃ + cāra

…Pv-a.43.

• -cāra wandering about in a sanghāṭī, having deposited the cīvara Vin.iv.281. *…

fight, battle DN.i.46; DN.ii.285; MN.i.86, MN.i.253; SN.i.98; SN.iv.308 sq.; AN.i.106; AN.ii.116; AN.iii.94; Vin.i.6; Iti.75; Snp.440 Cnd.199; Pp.68; Ja.i.358; Ja.ii.11; Mil.332; Vism.401 Cp. *vijita˚ …

…+ sṛ; by Bdhgh; of course not cogent); AN.ii.239 AN.iv.128, AN.iv.201; SN.i.66 (˚ācāra = “suspecting all” translation), SN.iv.180;…

agreed on, reckoned; (-˚) so-called, named DN.i.163 (akusala˚ dhammā); DN.iii.65 DN.iii.133 = Vin.iii.46 (theyya˚ what is called theft); DN-a.i.313 (the sambodhi, by which is meant that of the thre …

adjective together with followers Dhp.294; Ja.vi.172.

sa³ + anucara

…Vb-a.381. -ācāra practice of morality Ja.i.187; Ja.ii.3. -kathā exposition of the duties…

Takka¹

doubt; a doubtful view (often diṭṭhi, appl. like sammā˚, micchā-diṭṭhi), hair-splitting reasoning, sophistry (= itihītihaṃ Cnd.151). Opp. to takka (= micchā-sankappo Vb.86, Vb.35 …

adverb then, at that time Vin.ii.189.

Vedic tarhi, cp. carahi & etarahi

Te˚

secondary base of numeral three (fr. ti) in compound: having a relation to a triad of, three-; in numerical compounds also = three (see under tayo).

• *-[kaṭula](/define/kaṭu …

Thala¹

neuter dry ground, viz. high, raised (opp. low) or solid, firm (opp. water) SN.iv.179. As plateau opp. to ninna (low lying place) at Snp.30 (Snp-a.42 = ukkūla) Dhp.98; Iti.66 = SN. …

an animal Iti.92 (tiracchānaṃ ca yoniyo for tiracchāna-yoniyo); Vb.339 (˚gāminī paṭipadā leading to rebirth among beasts); Vv-a.23 (manussatiracchāna an animal-man, wild man, “werwolf”).

• *-[kat …

…Vin.iv.265 (˚kuḍḍe uccāraṃ chaḍḍeti); DN.i.78; AN.iii.280 (in phrase tirobhāvaṃ t. kuḍḍaṃ t. pākāraṃ t
■ pabbataṃ…

to stand, etc.

I. Forms

pres ind. tiṭṭhati (Snp.333, Snp.434; Pv.i.5#1);
imper second tiṭṭha, 3rd tiṭṭhatu ppr. tiṭṭhaṃ, tiṭṭhanto, tiṭṭhamāna;
pot tiṭṭhe (Snp.918, Snp.968) & tiṭṭheyy …

Tāḷa¹

beating, striking, the thing beaten or struck i.e. a musical instrument which is beaten, an instr. of percussion, as a cymbal, gong, or tambourine (for tāḷa gong cp. thāla):

1. gong …

…Vin.iv.266 (uccāro nāma gūtho vuccati); Dhp-a.ii.56 (˚karaṇa defecation); uccārapassāva faeces & urine DN.i.70; MN.i.83; Ja.i.5;…

lifting up, raising Vin.iii.121.

fr. uccāreti

Uda¹

indeclinable disjunctive part. “or” either singly, as at Snp.455, Snp.955, Snp.1090; Ja.v.478 (variant reading udāhu); Mnd.445 (expl^d. as “padasandhi” with same formula as …

…Ja.iv.305, Vism.196 (˚ûpama kuṇapa); Dhp-a.iii.208. Cp. uccāra.

fr. ud + kṛ; “do out”

lifting up Vin.iii.121 (= uddhaṃ uccāraṇā).

abstr. fr. ummasati

Unnala & Unnaḷa

adjective showing off, insolent, arrogant, proud, haughty in phrase uddhata unnaḷa capala MN.i.32; SN.i.61 = SN.i.204 (translated as “muddled in mind, puffed up, vain”, expl^{d.< …}

Unnala & Unnaḷa

adjective showing off, insolent, arrogant, proud, haughty in phrase uddhata unnaḷa capala MN.i.32; SN.i.61 = SN.i.204 (translated as “muddled in mind, puffed up, vain”, expl^{d.< …}

…close to the ear; ˚cāra ap-plication; ˚ṭṭhāna at-tending ṭṭhita ap-proached; ˚tiṭṭhati stand by, look after; ˚dduta…

to deal with, handle, use Ja.vi.180
pp upaciṇṇa & upacarita; (q.v.).

upa + carati

practised, served, enacted, performed Mil.359, Mil.360.

pp. of upacarati

used, frequented, known (as value) Ja.vi.180.

pp. of upacarati

…Ja.vi.102. 7. On upacāra as philos, t.t. and its relation to appanā see Dhs trsl^n. 53 54; Cpd. 55;…

1. close connection, dependence Vism.19 (˚gocara).
2. (adj. ˚) connected with, dependent on Vism.235 (jīvitaṃ assāsa-passāsa˚ etc).

upa + ni + bandh

basis, reliance, support, foundation, assurance, certainty; esp. sufficing condition or qualification for Arahantship (see long article in Childers s. v.); no 9 in the 24 paccayas, Tikapatthāṇa, Tikap …

indeclinable over, above (prep. & prefix)

1. (adv. on top, above (opp. adho below) Vin.iv.46 (opp. heṭṭhā) Ja.vi.432; Kp-a.248 (= uddhaṃ; opp. adho); Snp-a.392 (abtimukho u. gacchati explaining pac …

…etc.); AN.iii.363 sq.; AN.v.134; Pts.i.17; Dhp.8, Dhp.85, Dhp.284; Vb.381.

upa + vicāra; cp. BSk. upavicāra Divy.19, trsl^d…

…DN.iii.245 (six ˚upavicāras), DN.iii.252, DN.iii.282; MN.i.79, MN.i.364; MN.iii.219; SN.iv.71 SN.iv.114 sq., SN.v.209 sq. (˚indriya);…

…DN.iii.245 (six ˚upavicāras), DN.iii.252, DN.iii.282; MN.i.79, MN.i.364; MN.iii.219; SN.iv.71 SN.iv.114 sq., SN.v.209 sq. (˚indriya);…

wrong road or course DN.i.10 (˚gamana, of planets); SN.i.38, SN.i.43; Ja.v.453; Ja.vi.235); Dhp-a.iii.356 (˚cāra).

Sk. utpatha, ud + patha

Vana¹

neuter the forest; wood; as a place of pleasure sport (“wood”), as well as of danger & frightfulness (“jungle”), also as resort of ascetics, noted for its loneliness (“forest”). Of ( …

…(inf. ˚ituṃ = pādacāra-gamanena gantuṃ C.). 2. Caus. vañceti to cheat, deceive, delude, elude DN.i.50;…

…do this or that, e.g. sīlācāra-sampannena bhavituṃ vaṭṭati Ja.i.188; kataññunā bhavituṃ v. Ja.i.122
■ See e.g. Ja.i.376;…

Vesī & Vesiyā

feminine a woman of low caste, a harlot, prostitute

1. vesī: Vin.iii.138; Ja.v.425; in cpd. vesi-dvāra a pleasure house Thig.73
2. vesiyā Vin.i …

Vesī & Vesiyā

feminine a woman of low caste, a harlot, prostitute

1. vesī: Vin.iii.138; Ja.v.425; in cpd. vesi-dvāra a pleasure house Thig.73
2. vesiyā Vin.i …

…-cāra (vettācāra) “stick-wandering” (?) Ja.iii.541 (+ sankupatha; C.: vettehi sañcaritabba); Vv.84#11…

indeclinable

I.

1. inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat. dis- & Ger ver-. Often as base-prefix in var mean …

to go or move about in (loc.), to walk (a road = acc.), to wander Snp.444 (raṭṭhā raṭṭhaṃ vicarissaṃ, fut.), Snp.696 (dhamma-maggaṃ); Mnd.201, Mnd.263; Pv.iii.7#3 (aor. vicari); Dhp-a.i.66; Pv-a.4, …

adjective noun going about, circulating, moving, travelling Ja.v.484 (˚bhaṇḍa travelling merchandise).

fr. vicarati

occupied by (-˚), haunted, frequented Vv-a.163.

pp. of vicarati

…vitakka (q.v.).

vi + cāra

adjective

1. looking after something; watching Ja.i.364 (ghara˚).
2. investigating; (n.) a judge Mhvs.35, Mhvs.18.

fr. vicāreti

a˚; (nt.)

1. investigation, search, attention Snp.1108, Snp.1109 (f. & nt.); Ja.iii.73 (˚paññā).
2. arranging, planning, looking after, scheme Ja.i.220; Ja.ii.404 (yuddha˚); Ja.vi.333 sq.

fr. vicāreti

1. to make go round, to pass round, to distribute Pv-a.272 (salākaṃ).
2. to think (over) SN.v.156 (vitakketi +).
3. to investigate, examine, test Ja.ii.413; Ja.iii.258; Vv-a.336 (a˚ to omit examini …

thought out, considered; thought DN.i.37 (vitakkita + , like vitakka- vicāra, cp. DN-a.i.122), DN.i.213 (id.); Snp-a.385.

pp. of vicāreti

to stay, abide, dwell, sojourn (in a certain place); in general: to be, to live; applied: to behave lead a life (as such explained with “iriyati” at Vism.16). Synonyms are given at Vb.194 with *ir …

one of the dogmatic terms of Buddhist teaching varying in meaning in diff. sections of the Canon. It is not always the positive to avijjā (which has quite a well-defined meaning f …

…Snp.974; Ja.iv.241 (= ācāra-vinaya C.); AN.ii.112 AN.iii.353 sq. (ariya-vinaye saddhā yassa patiṭṭhitā etc faith established in…

…thoroughly fallen). -sīla˚; gone wrong in morals, lacking morality Vin.i.63 (+ ācāra˚, diṭṭhi˚); Vin.ii.4 (id.); Ja.iii.138…

…Vin.i.171 (ācāra failure of morality); AN.i.270 (ājīva˚); AN.iv.26, AN.iv.160 (atta˚ para˚); Pts.i.122; Ja.vi.292; Ne.126…

…Sdhp.343, Sdhp.517. accāraddha˚; too much exertion MN.iii.159; AN.iii.375 opp. atilīna˚; too little ibid; uṭṭhāna˚; initiative…

1. locality, spot, region; world, realm, province, neighbourhood Snp.977. Often in foll. combinations: petti˚; (or pitti˚) and pettika
   1. the world of the manes or petas MN.i.73; SN.iii.224; SN …

…emit, discharge Ja.i.164 (uccāra-passāvaṃ)
■ to send Mhvs.8 Mhvs.3 (lekaṃ visajjayi)
■ to dismiss Pv-a.81 (there)
■ to…

…is often combined with vicāra or “initial & sustained application Mrs. Rh. D.; Cpd. 282; “reflection & investigation…

penetrated (into consciousness), investigated, apperceived MN.i.478; AN.iv.363 (= manodvāre samudācāra-ppatta).

pp. of vi + ocarati

adjective = vusitavant AN.iv.340; Snp.1115 (cp. Cnd.611 = vuṭṭhavā ciṇṇa-caraṇo etc., thus “perfected,” cp. ciṇṇavasin in same meaning).

difficult to explain; perhaps for vasīmant (see vasīvasa) in …

adjective noun

1. carrying, leading; a leader, as in sattha˚; a caravan leader, merchant Ja.i.271; Vv.84#7 Vv.84#20; Vv-a.337.
2. a cart, vehicle; also cartload Snp.p.126 (tila˚ = tila-sakaṭa Snp …

at Thag.1129 read cāraṇika (a little play): see Brethren 419 note.

water DN.ii.266; MN.iii.300; AN.iii.26 (in lotus simile) Thag.1273; Snp.353, Snp.591, Snp.625, Snp.811; Vv.79#10; Ja.iv.19 Mnd.135, Mnd.203 (= udaka); Mil.121; Pv-a.77.

-gocara …

…pālana, yapana yāpana cāra* (cp. yapeti at Vism.145; Dhs-a.149, Dhs-a.167. Or similarly as f. with spelling yapanā & yāpanā: yapanā…

Yāpeti & yapeti

1. (lit.)-
   1. in caus.intensive as well as intrs. sense; in the latter also with short ă; as yapeti and then combined with yāpeti, in …

lit. “yoking, or being yoked,” i.e. connection bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device

1. yoke, yoking (rare?) Ja.vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp. Ja.vi.209).
2. conn …

adjective noun

1. (-˚) applying oneself (to), working (by means of), using Vism.70 (hattha˚ & patta˚ using the hand or the bowl but translation p. 80: “hand-ascetic” & “bowl-ascetic”).
2. one who …

…pālana, yapana yāpana cāra* (cp. yapeti at Vism.145; Dhs-a.149, Dhs-a.167. Or similarly as f. with spelling yapanā & yāpanā: yapanā…

Yāpeti & yapeti

1. (lit.)-
   1. in caus.intensive as well as intrs. sense; in the latter also with short ă; as yapeti and then combined with yāpeti, in …

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

ideation idea, thought DN.i.37 (= manasikāro samannāhāro DN-a.i.122; cp. semantically āhāra = ābhoga, food); Vb.320; Mil.97; Vism.164, Vism.325, Vism.354; Dāvs 62; Kp-a.42 (˚paccavekkhana), Kp-a.43 …

1. to practice, perform, indulge in Vin.i.56; Vin.ii.118; Snp.327 (ācare dhamma-sandosa-vādaṃ) Snp.401; Mil.171, Mil.257 (pāpaṃ). Cp. pp. ācarita in BSk e.g. Av. SN.i.124, SN.i.153, SN.i.213 in sa …

…Pv.iv.3#23, Pv.iv.3#51 (= ācāra-samācāra-sikkhāpaka Pv-a.252); Mil.201, Mil.262 (master goldsmith?) Vism.99 sq.; Kp-a.12, Kp-a.155;…

practiced, performed, (habitually) indulged in MN.i.372 (kamma, cp. Mil.226 and the expl^n. of āciṇṇaka kamma as “chronic karma at Cpd. 144); SN.iv.419; AN.v.74 sq.; Ja.i.81; DN-a.i.91 (f …

way of behaving, conduct, practice, esp. right conduct, good manners; adj. (-˚) practising, indulging in, or of such & such a conduct
■ Snp.280 (pāpa˚); Ja.i.106 (vipassana˚); Ja.ii.280 (˚ariya); J …

…in accordance with variant reading).

fr. ācāra

to wander about, to roam, to be on an errand, to be engaged in (w. acc.) Vin.i.203 (senāsana-cārikaṃ), Vin.i.217; Vin.ii.132 (na sakkoti vinā daṇḍena āhiṇḍituṃ); Vin.iv.62; Ja.i.48 Ja.i.108, Ja.i.239 …

adjective entangled, confused, upset, twisted, bewildered Ja.i.123 (salākaggaṃ ˚ṃ karoti to upset or disturb); Vv.84#9 (andha˚); Pv-a.287 (an˚ clear). Often reduplicated as ākulākula thoroughly con …

Ākāsa¹

air, sky, atmosphere; space. On the concept see Cpd. 5, 16, 226. On a fanciful etym. of ākāsa (fr. ā + kassati of kṛṣ) at Dhs-a.325 see Dhs trsl. 178. DN.i.55 (˚ṃ indriyāni …

…asking or asked, invited; only as an˚; without being asked, unasked, uninvited Vin.i.254 (˚cāra); AN.iii.259 (id.).

either ger. of āmanteti…

adjective enjoyable, nt. joy, feast Ja.vi.589 (˚ṃ acarati to celebrate the feast = ānandachaṇa C.).

grd. of ānandati

watch, guard, protection, care DN.ii.59; DN.iii.289; SN.iv.97, SN.iv.175, SN.iv.195; AN.ii.120; AN.iii.38; AN.iv.266, AN.iv.270, AN.iv.281 (˚sampadā), AN.iv.322 (id.), AN.iv.400; AN.v.29 sq.; Ja.i.203 …

…-cāra [in this comb^n. by Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. unecessarily expl^d. as…

standing, i.e. (see ṭhāna I) either upright (opp nisinna, etc.), or immovable, or being, behaving in general. In the latter function often (with ger. pleonastic for finite verb (cp. …