Dhamma¹

The palace built by Vissakamma for Mahāsudassana, by order of Sakka. DN.ii.180ff.

5buildingDhamma²

The lake in front of the palace mentioned above. DN.ii.184.

5lake

Dhammā

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verse tells of how one day, while returning from her alms round, she slipped and fell. Meditating on this,…

dolog, jelenség; a Tan

…special requirements (garudhammā) imposed on bhikkhunis.

2. an interpretation of reality of other religious teachers or philosophers; their…

…ca anuttarā: anubuddhā ime dhammā Gotamena yasassinā DN.ii.123 dhammānaṃ sukusalo perfect in all (these) qualities DN.i.180; samāhite citte…

‘Tan’, ‘Tanítás’ – a buddhizmusban Buddha tanai, a buddhista vallási-filozófiai alapelvek összessége, s ebben az értelmezésben Törvény is. (vö. dharma)

A banyan tree in Uruvelā, on the banks of the Nerañjara, near the Bodhi tree. A week after the Enlightenment the Buddha went there and spent a week cross-legged at the foot of the tree. There he met …

Ajita¹

A monk. He devoted his time to explaining the Pātimokkha rules to the monks. At the time of the Second Council he was a monk of ten years’ standing and was appointed to assign seats …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse describes understanding the Dhamma as like drawing oneself from water to dry land. Thag.88

A well-known paribbājaka who lived in the Paribbājakārāma on the banks of the River Sappinī near Rājagaha. He is mentioned as staying with the well-known paribbājakas, Varadhara and Sakuludāyi. …

First cousin of the Buddha and one of his most eminent disciples. He was the son of the Sākyan Amitodana and brother of Mahānāma. When members of other Sākyan families had joined the Order of their di …

Ariṭṭha¹

A monk. He had been subjected by the Saṅgha to the ukkhepanīyakamma for refusal to renounce a sinful doctrine, namely, that the states of mind declared by the Buddha to be stumb …

A headman (gāmani). He came to the Buddha in the Pārileyyaka Mango Grove in Nāḷandā and asked him various questions, recorded in the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.iv.312ff. One of these related to the custo …

…Buddha’s teaching:

“ye dhammā hetuppabhavā tesam hetum Tathāgato āha tesañ ca yo nirodho, evaṃvādī Mahāsamano.”

Sāriputta…

One of the four great monarchies in the time of the Buddha, the other three being Māgadha, Kosala and Vaṃsa (or Vatsa). Avanti is also mentioned among the sixteen Great Nations. AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN. …

AññātakoṇḍaññaKoṇḍañña

One of the five ascetics known as the Pañcavaggiyā. When, after the Enlightenment, the Buddha visited them at Isipatana and preached the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, Koṇḍañña w …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of not wanting to drink poison after tasting the Dhamma. Thag.103

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of going forth out of faith and attaining the Dhamma. Thig.9

Bhāradvāja¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of the heroic roar of the conquerors. Thag.177–178

Bhāradvāja²

He was the eldest of a clan of Bhāradvājas living in Rājagaha a …

BuddhaBhagavāTathāgataSiddhatthaGotamaSugataSatthā

The Awakened one, the founder and teacher of the Buddha-dhamma. His personal name was Siddhattha Gotama, and he was a Khattiya of the Sakiyan clan. …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

Citta¹

A householder of Macchikāsaṇḍa, where he was Treasurer. He was later declared by the Buddha to be pre-eminent among laymen who preached the Doctrine. AN.i.26

When Mahānāma visited …

An eminent arahant, declared chief among monks skilled in creating forms by mind-power and in mental “evolution” (cetovivaṭṭa). AN.i.23

His Theragathā verses speak of how slow his progress was in …

A region in India. It contained the city of Vedisa. Dakkhiṇāgiri lay to the south-west of Rājagaha, beyond the hills that surrounded the city—hence its name. In the district was the brahmin village o …

A monk, a close relative of the Buddha, who split the Sangha, and attempted to overthrow the Buddha and have him murdered. In one passage in the Vinaya, Vin.ii.189 Devadatta is spoken of as Godhiputta …

An eminent Therī, ranked foremost among nuns who possessed the gift of preaching. AN.i.25 Her Therīgāthā verse says that one without attachment is bound upstream. Thig.12 In Rājagaha her former husban …

Dhammapāla

A monk whose Theragāthā verses praise the young monk who by virtue of his practice is awake while the world sleeps. Thag.203–204

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of going forth and attaining the three knowledges. Thag.107

Dhammasava-pitā

Father of Dhammasava. He was one hundred and twenty years old when he went forth. Thag.108

EkadhammasavanīyaEkadhammasavaniyaEkadhammika

A monk whose verse is found in the Theragāthā. Thag.67

A brahmin who visits the Buddha at Jetavana and asks him various questions on castes and their distinctions, from the point of view of their functions. The Buddha replies that birth’s invidious bar ha …

…on the seven Aparihānīyadhammā, AN.iv.21f. the Mahāsāropama and Āṭānāṭiya Suttas. SN.ii.155 SN.ii.185 SN.ii.190 SN.ii.241…

Hatthaka¹

A monk. He was a Sākyan and loved holding discussions with the heretics. When he suffered defeat at their hands, he would resort to falsehood and evasion, or would ask his oppone …

Inda¹

Given in the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta as the name of the ninety-one sons of Dhataraṭṭha, king of the Gandhabbas. They are represented as being of great strength and followers of the Buddha. …

A town in the Kuru country. In the Kurudhamma Jataka J.ii.365f; also J.iii.400; J.iv.361; J.v.457; J.vi.255; Cyp.i.3, Cyp.v.1, Dhananjaya Koravya, is mentioned as its king and as the owner of Anjanava …

Isidatta¹

A verse uttered by Isidatta, in response to the Buddha’s enquiry regarding his welfare, is recorded in the Therāgāthā. Thag.120

According to the Saṃyutta Nikāya, SN.iv.283–288 I …

IsipatanaMigadayaDeer Park

An open space near Benares, the site of the famous Migadāya or Deer Park. It was eighteen leagues from Uruvelā, and when Gotama gave up his austere penances his friends, th …

KammāsadhammaKammāsadammaKammasadammaKammasadhamma

A township of the Kurūs. The Buddha, during the course of his wanderings, stayed there several times; the exact place of his residence is, however, …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses describe how he heard the Dhamma, practiced, and overcame all defileents. Thag.179–180

KimbilaKimilaKimmila

A Sākiyan of Kapilavatthu. He was converted with Bhaddiya and four other Sākyan nobles at Anupiya. Vin.ii.182 Kimbila seems to have maintained throughout his early friendship wit …

Two daughters of Pajjunna, both called Kokanadā, though the younger was sometimes called Cūḷa-Kokanadā. They visited the Buddha at the Kūṭāgārasālā and spoke verses in praise of the Buddha, the Dhamm …

A country, one of the sixteen Great Nations.DN.ii.200 AN.i.213 During the Buddha’s time the chieftain of Kuru was called Koravya, and his discussion with the Elder Raṭṭhapāla, who was himself the scio …

KuṇḍalaKulakuṇḍalaKuḷakuṇḍalaKulaKuḷa

The verse attributed to Kundala in the Theragāthā Thag.19 occurs twice in the Dhammapada

KāsiKāsikaKāsigāmaKāsinigama

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 its capital being Bārāṇasī.

At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king …

A township in Kāsī, the residence, among others, of Citta-Gahapati. SN.iv.281

It contained the Ambāṭakavana, which Citta presented as a monastery for the monks, at the head of whom was Mahānāma.

S …

MahākassapaKassapaPippali

One of the Buddha’s most eminent disciples, chief among those who upheld austere practices. AN.i.23 His personal name was Pippali, but he is usually known by his clan name K …

MahākoṭṭhitaMahākotthitaKoṭṭhitaKotthita

One of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, ranked foremost among masters of analytical knowledge. AN.i.24 His Theragāthā verse speaks of contentment and sha …

…he had heard from Assaji ye dhammā hetuppabhavā, etc., and Moggallāna also became a sotāpanna. The two then resolved to visit the Buddha at…

A monk whose Theragāthā verses warn of the dangers that face a monk who neglects the Dhamma. Thag.387–392

Chief queen of Pasenadi, king of Kosala.

Mallika’s knowledge of the Dhamma made her wiser than Pasenadi would have desired, and he once, in a moment of great affection, asked if anyone were dearer to …

MedāḷupaMedatalumpa

A Sākyan village three leagues from Nagaraka. MN.ii.119 Pasenadi when staying there with Dīgha Kārāyana, heard that the Buddha was there and visited him. On this occasion was prea …

The name given to the monastery erected by Visākhā Migāramātā in the Pubbārāma, to the east of Sāvatthī. It is said that, one day, when Visākhā had gone to the monastery to hear the Dhamma and afterwa …

A Paribbājaka. He once visited the Buddha at Veḷuvana and questioned him regarding predestination. The Buddha explains to him that suffering arises from various causes—bile, phlegm, wind, bodily humou …

Brother of Uruvelā Kassapa. He received his name from living on the bank of the Nerañjara at the head of three hundred ascetics. His Thergāthā verses speak of how his former wrong views and practices …

Nagaraka Naṅgaraka

A Sākyan township near Medatalumpa. From there Pasenadi, accompanied by Dīgha-Kārāyana, paid his last visit to the Buddha, as recorded in the Dhammacetiya Sutta. MN.ii.118

The Bu …

Nandaka¹

Once, at the Buddha’s request, he preached a sermon to the nuns; on the first day they became sotāpannas, and, on the second, five hundred of them attained arahantship. MN.iii.270 …

NerañjarāyaNerañjara

A river. After the Enlightenment, the Buddha lived under the Ajapāla Nigrodha at Uruvelā, on the banks of this river. There Māra tempted him, and, later, Brahmā persuaded him to …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of the superiority of the taste of Dhamma over all other flavors. Thag.91

PasenadiSeniya

King of Kosala and contemporary of the Buddha. Quite early in the Buddha’s ministry, Pasenadi became his follower and close friend, and his devotion to the Buddha lasted till his death …

Purāṇa¹

A monk who lived in Dakkhiṇāgiri. It is said that when he visited Rājagaha after the holding of the First Council, he was asked to give his approval to the “findings” of the same. …

Puṇṇa¹

He was born in the family of a householder of Suppāraka in the Sunāparanta country. One day he asked the Buddha for a short lesson so that, having learnt it, he might go back to dwe …

Revata¹Khadiravaniya

An eminent disciple of the Buddha, declared by him foremost among forest dwellers. AN.i.24

His Theragāthā verses appear under two names. As Khadiravaniya he admonishe …

A class of Devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

A Mahābrahmā. When the Buddha was at the Ajapālanigrodha, hesitating as to whether or not he should preach the Dhamma, Sahampati appeared before him and begged of him to open to the world the doors of …

SakkaVatrabhūVāsavaMaghavāMāghaPurindadaSahassakkhaSahassanettaSujampatiKosiya

Almost always spoken of as chief of the devas. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.229 contains a list of his names.

• Maghavā, be …

Sakulā¹

The foremost among nuns in the divine eye. AN.i.25 Her Therīgāthā verses say that while still living in the household, she heard the Dhamma taught by a monk, and then saw the Dhamm …

Samiddhi

Once, while he was at Silāvati musing on his good fortune as a monk, Māra tried to terrify him. Samiddhi told the Buddha of this, but the Buddha asked him to stay on where he was. He obeyed, …

A Mahā Brahmā, whose name means “ever young”. In the Nikāyas DN.i.121 MN.i.358 SN.i.153 AN.v.327 he is mentioned as the author of a famous verse, which is eleswhere attribued to the Buddha. SN.ii.284 …

A Paribbājaka who joined the Order and soon after left it. He then went about proclaiming in Rājagaha that he knew the Dhamma and Vinaya of the Sakyaputta monks, and that was why he had left their Ord …

SarakāniSaraṇāni

A Sākyan. When he died the Buddha declared that he was a sotāpanna, bound for enlightenment. But many of the Sākyans spoke scornfully of him, saying that he had failed in the train …

Somā¹

One day, as she was meditating at the foot of a tree in Andhavana, Māra, wishing to interrupt her privacy, approached her, invisible in the air, and teased her, remarking on the “two …

Soṇa¹

A Thera, declared chief of those possessing clear utterance. AN.i.24 He lived in Avantī, where he met Mahākaccāna and was later ordained by him, after much difficulty assembling the …

Sudhamma¹

He lived in Macchikāsaṇḍa, in a monastery (the Ambātakārāma) provided by Citta. Citta used to invite Sudhamma to his house for meals. One day Sāriputta, at the head of several em …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of going forth after one rainy season, then attaining the Dhamma. Thag.24

Sukkā¹

A bhikkhunī who was famous as a teacher of Dhamma, to the extent that a spirit went Rājagaha about praising her and exhorting others to listen to her Dhamma. Thig.54–56 SN.i.212 SN. …

A Licchavi prince of Vesāli. He was, at one time, a member of the Order and the personal attendant of the Buddha, but was later converted to the views of Korakkhattiya and went about defaming the Budd …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses tell of how he was tempted by a courtesan. She showed herself to him, decked and adorned and wearing golden slippers, and invited him in with seductive manner. But seein …

Sundarī¹

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses consist of a dialogue, firstly between her father Sujāta and a bhikkhunī, Vāsiṭṭhī, Thig.313–324 and later between Sundarī and her mother. Thig …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of his humble origins and how he bowed and scaped before many people, until he was lifted up by the Buddha. Practcing in the forest he realized the Dhamma, so that …

A nigrodha tree belonging to king Koravya. The king and his court ate the first portion of the fruit as big as pipkins and sweet; the army had the second portion, the town and country people the thi …

Suppiya¹

A Paribbājaka. He was the teacher of Brahmadatta. It was the discussion between these two, in the Ambalaṭṭhikā park, regarding the virtues of the Buddha, his Dhamma and his Order, …

One of the chief consorts of King Udena. In the Udāna it is said that she was the head of 500 women of the harem of the King who perished in afire, all of whom had attained the Dhamma. Ud.vii.10

Sāmā …

Sāriputta

The chief disciple of Gotama- Buddha. He is also called Upatissa, which was evidently his personal name. MN.i.150 Sāriputta was a great friend of Mahāmoggallāna. After going forth together …

UddakaRāmaputta

One of the teachers under whom Gotama, after leaving the world and before he became the Buddha, received instruction. Uddaka taught him the doctrine which had been realised and procla …

He once visited the Buddha and told him how he rivalled in power and wealth the seṭṭhi Migāra, grandson of Rohana. He was worth one hundred thousand in gold alone, to say nothing of silver. The Buddha …

A district identified with modern Orissa. The merchants Tapussa and Bhalluka were on the way from Ukkalā, when they visited the Buddha shortly after his Awakening, near Uruvelā, and offered food to hi …

UpavattaUpavattana

The sāla-grove of the Mallas of Kusināra, on the further side of the Hiraññavatī. This was the last resting-place of the Buddha on his last tour, and here he passed away, lying …

A monk who was occasionally the attendant of the Buddha, and who features in a number of discourses. Once when the Buddha was attacked by cramp, Upavāna, with the help of his lay-friend Devahita, obt …

Upāli ¹

One of the most eminent of the Buddha’s immediate disciples. He belonged to a barber’s family in Kapilavatthu and entered the service of the Sākiyan princes. When Anuruddha and his …

Vakkali

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of never relinquishing energy, whether ill or happy, while meditating in the forest. Thag.350–354 The Buddha declared him foremost among those of implicit …

Vappa ¹

One of the group of five monks who practiced with the Bodhisatta before his Awakening, and who were his first monastic followers. Vappa was disappointed when the Buddha began takin …

Vaḍḍha¹

A Licchavi. He was a friend of the Mettiyabhummajakā, and, at their instigation, charged Dabba Mallaputta with having committed adultery with his wife. Dabba repudiated the charge, …

The last of the nine aṅgas or portions of the Dhamma classified according to literary form. MN.i.133 Vin.iii.8 It probably included analytical texts.

VepacittiSambara

An Asura chieftain, who was present with Namuci (Māra) at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.259

Vepacitti was the friend of Rāhu, and when Rāhu seized Candimā and Suriya …

One of the nine aṅgas, into which the Dhamma was organized by way of literary style. It means “Answer” or “Explanation” and refers to discourses elaborated by way of question and answer.

One of the two chief disciples of Kakusandha Buddha. DN.ii.4 SN.ii.191 He received his name because he was a peerless preacher of the Dhamma. MN.i.333

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses say that she went to the monastery up to five times before being approached by a bhikkhunī, who taght her the Dhamma, so that now she dwells in freedom and bliss. T …

Visākha¹

Husband of Dhammadinnā. After Dhammadinnā had joined the Order, she left the city and retired into the country, returning to Rājagaha after she had attained arahantship. Visākha, …

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

Two brahmins, probably named Yamelu and Tekula, who proposed to the Buddha that the Dhamma should be put into Sanskrit metre chandasi. The Buddha refused their request. Vin.ii.139

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

a megvilágosodás velejárói, kísérői

a Tan tanulmányozása, kutatása

the name of one of the nine categories (aṅgas) of the scriptures

the name (of the analytic exposition) of the third pitaka of the Buddhist Canon.

discourse about the doctrine or about dhamma

as regards the doctrine; as regards the dhammas.

the best doctrine; the best state or condition

request, entreaty (esp. to expound or recite the dhamma).

requests; asks (esp for instruction or recitation of the dhamma).

requested; asked (esp. to preach the dhamma)

not dealt with according to the rule, not restored

not not vulnerable to disturbance; whose essential nature is stability or unchangability

wrong practices or actions; evil conduct; harmful factors

natural state or essential property; right method; method according to the dhamma, to the doctrine.

following the (right) doctrine; living in accordance with the doctrine

following the (right) doctrine; living in accordance with the doctrine

conformity to the doctrine; right method

1. in accordance with the dhamma, with the doctrine.
2. in accordance with.

not subject to return (to this world); not liable to turn back or change.

the not being liable to fail or be wanting; the having qualities which are not liable to fail (?):

attha¹

m rarely neuter

1. aim, purpose, goal; advantage, profit, benefit.
2. use, need, want (+ instr.).
3. 1. affair, concern, business; problem; thing, matter; (with verbs of saying, a …

mean practice

liable to fall from one existence to another; liable or about to die.

to be thrown away.

to be thrown away.

fee; a gift; something (suitable) to give.

right understanding of dhamma.

1. the wheel or discuss of dhamma’s authority (esp. as initiated by the Buddha’s first teaching); the sway of dhamma.
2. a wheel that is dhamma.

preaching of the universal righteousness.

insight into, understanding of, dhamma.

right action, virtuous behavior.

veneration of dhamma.

reflection on, examination of, dhamma.

(a bhikkhu) who accuses (someone) of an offense properly, by the rules.

(a bhikkhu) accused of an offense properly, by the rules.

acting, behaving, rightly.

acting, behaving, rightly.

seeing, understanding, dhamma.

seeing, understanding, dhamma.

, ~a, neuter teaching, exposition of, dhamma.

who hates, is hostile to, dhamma.

who hates, is hostile to, dhamma.

(one) versed in dhamma; (one) who holds firm to dhamma.

with dhamma as master; guided by dhamma.

1. the element, the sphere, the range, of dhamma and/or dhammas, i.e. the whole world of experience.
2. the constituent element that is mental concepts or mental states.

with dhamma as an island, a refuge; relying on dhamma.

blaming, finding fault with, dhamma.

blaming, finding fault with, dhamma.

respectful, obedient to, dhamma.

protected by the dhamma; who protects the dhamma.

1. (n.) respect for dhamma.
2. (mfn.) respectful, obedient to, dhamma.

living doing what is right; honest and dutiful.

living doing what is right; honest and dutiful.

an official act of the saṅgha correctly carried out; a valid act.

water-vessel.

(one) who discourses on dhamma; a preacher.

discourse on dhamma; talk about dhamma.

group of dhammas (as good practices and attainments)

(one) who has a body which is dhamma.

dry soil; a shore.

the leading rope, the guiding rope, that is dhamma (?)

readiness to accept teachings after reflection; teachings preferred after reflection.

attending carefully to dhamma.

observing, considering, dhammas.

observing, considering, dhammas.

calling dhamma to mind.

who follows dhamma; who develops understanding.

who follows dhamma; who develops understanding.

1. a portion of dhamma; an element of practice; a portion of the teaching.
2. one of the collections making up the Khuddakanikāya of the Pāḷi canon.

learning the dhamma, mastering the teachings.

method of teaching dhamma; an exposition of dhamma.

false representation of the teachings or the rule.

, ~a, neuter analytic knowledge of dhamma or dhammas; understanding of causes.

connected with dhamma.

1. drinking the dhamma (according to commentaries)
2. having joy in the dhamma (?)

1. a just king; a rightful.
2. the king of dhamma.

an arising of dhammas; an event, a matter.

defilement of, damage to, dhamma.

favoring, kind treatment, with dhamma.

following dhamma (?); impelling dhamma (?)

following dhamma (?); impelling dhamma (?)

an elder in dhamma, one venerable because of his qualities.

, abstr. the being legal or valid, the being according to the rule.

thief of dhamma (who enters the saṅgha dishonestly)

an elder in dhamma, one venerable because of his qualities.

1. normal custom, habit; what is to be expected; the usual way.
2. the real nature of things; how things are.

knowledge or joy in the teaching.

discrimination of dhammas; discernment of dhamma (one of the seven bojjhaṅgas)

speaking what is dhamma, what is in accordance with the teaching or the rule; declaring dhamma.

speaking what is dhamma, what is in accordance with the teaching or the rule; declaring dhamma.

applying oneself to the dhamma, to the teachings.

(one) who offers dhamma.

(one) who offers dhamma.

knowing the dhamma; knowing what is right.

does one’s duty, does what is right; lives righteously; practices the dhamma.

1. (one) who abides by what is right or is the rule; just; rightly based; firm in dhamma.
2. (one) who abides in justice; a judge; an adjudicator.

acting in accordance with dhamma, with the rule.

with dhamma as one’s banner.

1. (n.) control by dhamma.
2. (mfn.) with dhamma as controlling influence.

the mirror of the dhamma.

acting in conformity with dhamma.

acting in conformity with dhamma.

delighting in the mental constructs; delighting in dhamma.

the object that is a mental construct.

connected with dhamma.

talk connected with dhamma.

1. connected with the dhamma.
2. connected with mental constructs.

who has seen the dhamma.

nibbāna in this life.

happiness in this life.

calmed in this life (or: who has seen the dhamma and is calmed?)

1. an important or serious offense; a breach of serious rule of observance.
2. an important or exacting rule of observances (perhaps an observance of respect?), one of the eight specific rules of beha …

sexual intercourse.

subject to growing old or decaying.

subject to, characterized by, birth; liable to come into being.

the practice of complaining publicly, the action of public criticism, denunciation

he practice of complaining publicly, the action of public criticism, denunciation.

right practices or actions; good conduct; virtues; factors conducing to well-being

liable to perish, to disappear.

liable to cessation; inevitably ceasing.

contrary to the doctrine; unlawful; what is not the doctrine’,

1. (for non-buddhists) a fastday, a day of purification; (for Buddhists) a day on which lay-followers undertake to observe eight abstinence and on which they listen to teaching on the dhamma (usuall …

(& mfn.?) an extraordinary or superhuman quality or attainment; (beyond the human norm; extraordinary)

…Frequently occurring as dhammābhisamaya ‘realization of the doctrine’ se e: XIII ābhisamaya - samyutta and Pts.M. ābhisamaya -…

Adhipaññā-dhamma-vipassanā: ‘insight into things based on higher understanding’, is one of the 18 chief kinds of insight see: vipassanā.

Akuppa-dhamma: The unshakeable state; is that of one who has attained full mastery over the absorptions jhāna. In Pug. 4 it is said: What person is unshakable? If a person gains the meditative …

…are no-self sabbe dhammā anattā M. 35, Dhp. 279. This is for emphasizing that the common false view of an abiding, same, constant,…

…Strive enthusiasticly! Vayadhammā sankhārā, appamādena sampādetha; D. 16.

Without this deep insight into the impermanence and…

Anicca-saññā: Perception of impermanence, is defined in the Girimananda Sutta A. X. 60 as meditation on the impermanence of the five clusters of clinging:

Though, with a faithful heart, one take …

…his Doctrine, The Dhamma, dhammānussati
3: Recollection of his Sangha Community of Noble Disciples, sanghānussati
4: Recollection of…

Aparihāna-dhamma: ‘incapable of relapse’, or ‘of falling away’, namely, with regard to deliverance from some or all mental chains of existence see: samyojana. Thus all Noble Disciples are calle …

Aparihāniya-dhamma: ‘conditions of welfare’ lit. of non-decline, for a nation. Seven such conditions are mentioned in the Mahā-Parinibbāna Sutta D. 16. They are followed by five sets of 7, and …

…

5: The Dhamma-devotee dhammānusārī,
6: The vision-attainer ditthippatta,
7: The one liberated by understanding…

Asankhārika-citta: An Abhidhamma term signifying a ’state of consciousness arisen spontaneously, i. e. without previous deliberation, preparation, or prompting by others; hence: ’unprepared, unpr …

Atta-kilamatha: Self-mortification = self-torture, is one of the two extremes to be avoided, the other extreme being addiction to sensual pleasures kāma - sukha, whilst the Noble 8-fold p …

Bhavanga-sota: and Bhavanga-citta: The first term may tentatively be rendered as the ‘undercurrent forming the condition of being, or existence’, and the second as ‘subconsciousness’, though …

…the Doctrine dhammānussati, the Brotherhood of the Noble Ones sanghānussati, morality, generosity, the divine beings, death…

…bodhipakkhiya - dhammā. In one of the later books of the Sutta-Pitaka, the Buddhavamsa, 10 bodhipācana-dhammā are mentioned,…

…all the 37 bodhipakkhiya-dhammā are enumerated and explained though not called by that name. A detailed explanation of them is given in Vis.M…

…nāma - rūpa - dhammā as presented to the investigating mind by awareness or mindfulness, the 1st factor. With that interpretation,…

Cakka: ‘wheel’, is one of the seven ‘precious possessions’ ratana of a righteous World Emperor cakkavatti ‘He who owns the Wheel,’ cf. D. 26, and symbolizes conquering progress and expanding s …

Cetasika: ‘mental things, mental properties’, are those mental properties which are bound up with the simultaneously arising consciousness citta = viññāna and conditioned by its presence. Wh …

Chanda: intention, desire, will.

1. As an ethically neutral psychological term, in the sense of ‘intention’, it is one of those general mental properties cetasika Tab. II taught in th …

Fixity: see: niyama tathatā dhamma-tthiti-ñāna

Hadaya-vatthu: ‘heart as physical base’ of mental life. The heart, according to the commentaries as well as to the general Buddhist tradition, forms the physical base vatthu of consciousness In …

Hasituppāda-citta: lit. ‘consciousness producing mirth’ smile, is found in the Abhidhammattha Sangaha as a name for the joyful mind-consciousness element manoviññāna - dhātu Tab. I. 72 aris …

Hetu: ‘cause’, condition, reason; Abhidhamma root-condition. In sutta usage it is almost synonymous with paccaya ‘condition’, and often occurs together with it ’What is the cause, what is the c …

Indriya: ‘abilities’, is a name for 22, partly physical, partly mental, phenomena often treated in the Suttas as well as in the Abhidhamma. They are:

6 Bases āyatana:

1. eye: …

[[inference of meaning]]Inference of meaning: an ‘expression the meaning of which is to be inferred’: neyyattha-dhamma - Antonym: ‘expression with an established meaning’: nītattha-dhamma s …

Investigation: full understanding through: tīranapariññā see: pariññā - ‘Investigation’ vīmamsā is one of the 4 roads to power iddhipāda and one of the 4 predominants adhipati s *paccay …

Jhāna: ‘absorption’ meditation refers chiefly to the four meditative absorptions of the fine-material sphere rūpa-jjhāna or rūpāvacara - jjhāna avacara They are achieved through the att …

Paccaya: ‘condition’, is something on which something else, the so-called ‘conditioned thing’, is dependent, and without which the latter cannot be. Many are the ways in which one thing, or one o …

Padhāna: ‘effort.’ The 4 right efforts samma - padhāna forming the 6th stage of the 8-fold path i.e. sammā - vāyāma see: magga are: 1 the effort to avoid samvara-padhāna 2 to overc …

Papañca: Sanskrit prapañca In doctrinal usage, it signifies the expansion, differentiation, ‘diffuseness’ or ‘manifoldness’ of the world; and it may also refer to the ‘phenomenal world’ in gener …

…sense paramattha - dhammā But also in the Sutta Pitaka there are many expositions in terms of ultimate language paramattha -…

Parihāna-dhamma: ‘liable to decline’.;Now, someone reaches the attainments absorptions: jhāna of the fine-material or immaterial sphere see: avacara But he does not reach them according to h …

Paticcasamuppāda: ‘dependent origination’, is the doctrine of the conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena, a doctrine which, together with that of impersonality anattā, forms the …

Patisambhidā: ‘analytical knowledge’ or ‘discrimination’, is of 4 kinds: analytical knowledge of the true meaning attha-patisambhidā of the law dhamma - patisambhidā, of language nirutti …

Pativedha: ‘penetration’, signifies the realization of the truth of the Dhamma, as distinguished from the mere acquisition of its wording pariyatti or the practice patipatti of it, in other wo …

Pūjā: 1 honour, respect, homage, 2 worship, devotional observances, devotional offerings; also offerings to Bhikkhus.

1: The Mahā-mangala Sutta Sn. 259 says that;Honour and respect towards those …

Tanhā: lit. ‘thirst’: ‘craving’, is the chief root of suffering, and of the ever-continuing cycle of rebirths.;What, o Bhikkhus, is the origin of suffering? It is that craving which gives rise to …

Ti-pitaka: ’ The Three Baskets’, is the name for the 3 main divisions of the Pāli Canon: the Basket of Discipline Vinaya Pitaka, the Basket of Discourses Sutta Pitaka and the Basket ot Philosophy …

Ti-ratana: ‘Three Jewels’ or Three Gems, which by all Buddhists are revered as the most venerable things, are the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Noble Sangha.’ i.e.: the Enlightened One; the law of d …

Ti-sarana: ‘Threefold Refuge’, in which every faithful adherent of the Buddha puts his whole trust, consists in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha see: prec..

The Buddha, or Enlightened One, …

Ākāsa: ‘space’, is, according to Com., of two kinds: 1. limited space paricchinnākāsa or paricchedākāsa, 2. endless space anantākāsa, i.e. cosmic space.

1. Limited space, under th …

Ānantariya: Immediacy, is a name for that concentration of mind which is associated with the profound and shocking insight vipassanā that is present in any one of the 4 kinds of supra-mundane p …

…The mental-object dhammārammana may be physical or mental, past, present or future, real or imaginary. The 5 sense-objects belong to…

…mental-object-source dhammāyatana is identical with ‘mental-object-element’ dhamma-dhātu, dhātu II-17 and dhammārammana see:…

…phrase acchariyā abbhutā dhammā wonderful & extraordinary signs or things MN.iii.118, MN.iii.125; AN.ii.130; AN.iv.198; Mil.8; and in…

the “special Dhamma,” i.e.

1. theory of the doctrine, the doctrine classified, the doctrine pure and simple (without any admixture of literary grace or of personalities, or of anecdotes, or of argume …

adjective that which is not being broken up or divided. In the stock descrīption of the varieties of the lower Iddhi the phrase udake pi abhijjamāne gacchati is doubtful. The principal passages are …

to know by experience, to know fully or thoroughly, to recognise know of (c. acc.), to be conscious or aware of DN.i.143; SN.ii.58, SN.ii.105, SN.ii.219, SN.ii.278; SN.iii.59, SN.iii.91; SN.iv.50, SN. …

“coming by completely”, insight into, comprehension, realization clear understanding, grasp, penetration. See on term Kvu trsl. 381 sq
■ Esp. in full phrases: attha˚; grasp of what is proficient …

completely grasped or realised, understood mastered SN.v.128 (dhamma a.), SN.v.440 (anabhisametāni cattāri ariyasaccāni, cp. Divy.654 anabhisamitāni c.a.) AN.iv.384 (appattaṃ asacchikataṃ +).

pp. of …

adjective belonging to the practice of the lesser ethics; to be practiced; belonging to or what is the least to be expected of good conduct, proper. Of sikkhā Vin.v.181; AN.ii.243 …

Only in abhisaṃvisseyyagattaṃ (or -bhastaṃ or -santuṃ) Thig.466 a compound of doubtful derivation and meaning. Mrs. Rh. D., following Dhammapāla (p. 283) ʻa bag of skin with carrion filled’.

abhi …

higher discipline, the refinements of discipline or Vinaya; comb^d. with abhidhamma, e.g. DN.iii.267; MN.i.472; also with vinaya Vin.v.1 sg.

abhi + vinaya

to turn somebody’s mind on (c. acc.), to induce somebody (dat.) to (acc.) Vin.iii.18 (purāṇadutiyikāya methunaṃ dhammaṃ abhiviññāpesi).

abhi + viññāpeti

…phrase acchariyā abbhutā dhammā strange & wonderful things, i.e. wonderful signs, portents marvels, MN.iii.118 MN.iii.125; AN.iv.198; Mil.8;…

see dhamma.

to get to, to come into possession of, to acquire, attain, find; fig. to understand DN.i.229 (vivesaṃ) MN.i.140 (anvesaṃ n’ âdhigacchanti do not find); SN.i.22 (nibbānaṃ); SN.ii.278 (id.); AN.i.162 (i …

1. attendance, supervision, management of affairs, administration Pv-a.209.
2. relation, reference, reason, cause, consequence DN.ii.59 (-˚: in consequence of); SN.ii.41; SN.v.19. Esp. acc. -ṃ as …

adjective in ˚ā dhammā “items of higher righteousness” DN.iii.145.

adhi + kusala

adjective (-˚) mastering, ruling or governed, influenced by (cp. adhipati) AN.i.150 (atta loka˚ dhamma˚).

fr. prec.

adhiyati to study, lit. to approach (cp adhigacchati); to learn by heart (the Vedas & other Sacred Books) Vin.i.270; SN.i.202 (dhammapadāni); Ja.iv.184 (adhīyitvā), Ja.iv.496 (adhīyamāna); Ja.vi.458; …

Akkha¹

the axle of a wheel DN.ii.96; SN.v.6; AN.i.112; Ja.i.109, Ja.i.192; Ja.v.155 (akkhassa phalakaṃ yathā; C.: suvaṇṇaphalakaṃ viya, i.e. shiny, like the polished surface of an axle …

adjective epithet of Saṃsāra “whose beginning and end are alike unthinkable”, i.e., without beginning or end. Found in two passages of the Canon SN.ii.178, SN.ii.187 sq. = SN.iii.149, SN.iii.151 = SN. …

adjective not Aiyan, ignoble, low Vin.i.10; DN.iii.232 (˚vohāra, 3 sets of 4 the same at Vin.v.125); Snp.664, Snp.782 (˚dhamma); Pp.13
■ See ariya.

an + ariya, see also anāriya

disappearance AN.i.58 (saddhammassa); AN.ii.147; AN.iii.176 sq.; Mil.133; Dhs.645 Dhs.738, Dhs.871. Cp. ˚dhāyana.

fr. antaradhāyati

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

…known DN.ii.123 (˚ā ime dhammā); SN.i.137 (dhammo vimalen’ ânubuddho ii.203; iv.188; AN.ii.1; AN.iii.14; AN.iv.105; Snp-a.431. In phrase…

…with dhamma as dhammānudhamma to be judged as a redupl. cpd after the manner of compounds mentioned under…

[abstr. to anudhamma) lawfulness, conformity to the Dhamma AN.ii.46; Pts.i.35, Pts.i.36.

to explain Mil.227 (dhammâdhammaṃ).

anu + dīpeti

1. the “afterfoot”, i.e. second foot of a verse, also a mode of reciting where the second foot is recited without the first one Vin.iv.15 (cp. 355); Mil.340 (anupadena anupadaṃ katheti).
2. (adj.) (fo …

adjective following in one’s turn, successive, gradual, by and by, regular Vin.ii.237 (mahāsamuddo a˚-ninno etc.); DN.i.184; Snp.511; Ja.v.155 (regularly formed, of ūrū). Cases adverbially: *[anupubb …

admonition, rule, instruction Ja.i.241; Mil.98, Mil.172, Mil.186 (dhamma˚), Mil.225, Mil.227, Mil.347.

Sk. anuśāsti, anu + śās, cp. anusāsana

…ti](/define/anuseti)*…

to remember, recollect, have memory of (acc.), bear in mind; be aware of DN.ii.8, DN.ii.53, DN.ii.54 (jātito etc.); SN.iii.86 sq. (pubbenivāsaṃ), SN.v.67 (dhammaṃ a. anuvitakketi), 303 (kappasahassaṃ) …

remembrance, recollection, thinking of, mindfulness. A late list of subjects to be kept in mind comprises six anussati-ṭṭhānāni, viz. Buddha˚, Dhamma˚, Saṅgha˚ sīla˚, cāga˚, devatā˚; i.e. prope …

…or after Freq. in formula dhammānusārin saddhānusārin living in conformity with the Norm & the Faith DN.iii.254; MN.i.142, MN.i.479;…

adjective “nothing higher”, without a superior, incomparable, second to none, unsurpassed, excellent, preeminent Snp.234 (= adhikassa kassaci abhāvato Kp-a.193), 1003; Dhp.23, Dhp.55 (= asadisa appaṭ …

complying with, conformity with (-˚), compliance, observance, obedience Ja.i.367 (dhamma˚); Ja.v.78.

abstr. fr. anuvattati

adjective following, acting according to or in conformity with (-˚), obedient Ja.ii.348 (f. ˚inī), Ja.iii.319 (id.); Dhp.86 (dhamma˚); Vv.15#5 (vasa˚ = anukūlabhāvena vattana sīla Vv-a.71); Dhp-a.i …

to wander about, stroll roam through, explore DN.i.235; Ja.ii.128; Ja.iii.188; Pv-a.189 (= anupariyāti)
caus -vicāreti to think over (lit. to make one’s mind wander over), to meditate ponder (cp …

to think or ponder over, to meditate DN.ii.203; SN.i.203 (yoniso ˚cintaya, imper “marshall thy thoughts in ordered governance” Mrs. Rh. DN variant reading anucintaya); Thag.747; Dhp.364; Iti.82 (dhamm …

1. application, devotion to (-˚), execution, practice of (-˚); often comb^d. with anuyutta in phrase -anuyogaṃ anuyutta = practisiṅg e.g. Vin.i.190 (maṇḍan’ ânuyogaṃ anuyutta); DN.iii.1 …

adjective noun one who does not return, a Never-Returner, as tt. designating one who has attained the 3^rd stage out of four in the breaking of the bonds (Saṃyojanas) which keep a man back …

adjective not longing after anything Snp.369 (Snp-a.365 however reads anāsayāna & has anāsasāna as variant reading Cp. also vv.ll. to āsasāna. Expl^d by kañci rūpâdi-dhammaṃ nâsiṃsati Snp\ …

adjective noun one who does not return, almost syn. with anāgāmin in phrase anāvatti-dhamma one who is not destined to shift or return from one birth to another, DN.i.156 (cp. DN-a.i.313); DN-a.i …

adjective

1. not to be rolled back Snp.554 (of dhammacakka may however be taken in meaning of b.)
2. irresistable Ja.ii.245 (sīhanada). Note. The spelling with ṭ is only found as variant reading at …

…Pv-a.73. As one of the 5 dhutanga-dhammā at Vism.81.

abstr. fr. prec.

Araṇa¹

adjective noun (adj.) living in solitude, far from the madding crowd MN.iii.237 (˚vibhanga-sutta); SN.i.44, SN.i.45; Ja.i.340 (tittha˚?).

Vedic araṇa fr. *ara √ ṛ; which as abl …

adjective noun

1. (racial) Aryan DN.ii.87.
2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by Aryans, gene …

evil condition, sin, esp. sexual intercourse; usually mentioned as a set of several sins, viz. as 3 at Iti.85; as 4 at AN.ii.47; as 7 at DN.iii.252, DN.iii.282; as 8 at Vin.ii.202.

a + sat + dhamma …

Asat (Asanto)

not being, not being good, i.e. bad, not genuine (cp. asa); freq., e.g. Snp.94 Snp.131, Snp.881, Snp.950; Dhp.73, Dhp.77, Dhp.367; Iti.69 (asanto nirayaṃ nenti). See also *[asaddhamma]( …

Asat (Asanto)

not being, not being good, i.e. bad, not genuine (cp. asa); freq., e.g. Snp.94 Snp.131, Snp.881, Snp.950; Dhp.73, Dhp.77, Dhp.367; Iti.69 (asanto nirayaṃ nenti). See also *[asaddhamma]( …

1. (lit.) breathing, esp. breathing out (so Vism.272), exhalation, opp. to passāsa inhalation, with which often comb^d. or contrasted; thus as cpd. assāsa-passāsa mea …

adjective only in neg. an˚; not able to afford comfort, giving no comfort or security. MN.i.514 MN.iii.30 Ja.ii.298 (= aññaṁ assāsetuṁ asamatthaṭāya na assāsika). cp. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit anāśvā …

…sq., SN.iii.196 sq.; sabbe dhammā anattā Vin.v.86; SN.iii.133 SN.iv.28, SN.iv.401.

• -attha one’s own profit or interest…

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

adjective noun

1. (temporal) past, gone by (cp. accaya 1)
   1. adj.; atītaṃ addhānaṃ in the time which is past SN.iii.86; AN.iv.219; AN.v.32
      ■ Pv.ii.12#12 (atītānaṃ, scil. attabhāvāuaṃ par …

adverb certainly, definitely, absolutely, perfectly, expl^d. by Bdhgh. as acala (on DN.ii.217), or as paññāya ajjhogahetvā (on Snp.229); by Dhp. as apara-paccaya-bhāvena (on Pv.iv.1#25)
…

adjective not to be hurt or disturbed, inviolable unshakable, imperturbable Snp.322 (˚dhamma = akampanasabhāva Snp-a.331).

a + vedha, grd. of vidh (vyadh) to pierce, Sk. avedhya

absence of change, steadfastness, endurance DN.i.18; DN.iii.31, DN.iii.33 (˚dhamma); DN-a.i.113 (= jarā-vasena vipariṇāmassa abhāvato).

a + viparināma

absence or cesssation of growth Snp.235; Dhp-a.i.245 (˚dhamma).

a + virūḷhi

only in phrase dhammā avāgat-amhā, we are fallen from righteousness, Ja.v.82 (C. explains apāgata).

ava + ā + gacchati

adverb elsewhere, somewhere else Ja.v.252; Pv.iv.1#62. In comp^n. also añña˚, e.g. aññatra-yoga (adj.) following another discipline DN.i.187; MN.i.487
■ As prep. c. abl. (and instr.) but …

one who knows, a knower of DN.ii.286; MN.i.169; SN.i.106 (dhammassa); Kv.561.

n. ag. to ājānāti

…Vv-a.213 (avenika-buddhadhammā: Bhagavant’s qualities);
■ as measure Ja.vi.432 (18 hands high, of a fence);
■ of a…

Bala¹

neuter

1. strength power, force DN.ii.73; AN.i.244; Thag.188; Dhp.109 (one of the 4 blessings, viz. āyu, vaṇṇa, sukha, bala; cp Dhp-a.ii.239); Pv.i.5#12 (= kāya-bala Pv-a.30); Pv …

…further “bhaggā pāpakā dhammā” Vism.211; bhaggā kilesā Mil.44; and bhagga -rāga, ˚dosa etc. (in def. of Bhagavā)…

1. breaking (open), in puṭa˚; breaking of the seed-boxes (of the Pāṭali plant), idiomatic for “merchandise” Mil.1 See under puṭa.
2. (fig.) breach, division, destruction AN.iv.247 …

…(bhijjana-sabhāva of perishable nature; explⁿ of bhidura Thig.35); Pv-a.41 (˚dhammā destructible, of sankhārā)
■ Der….

…is “sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bhinnattā bhikkhu” (because of the breaking or destroying of 7 things, viz. the 7 bad qualities leading…

reciting or preaching, in pada˚; reciting the verses of the Scriptures Dhp-a.ii.95 (variant reading paṭibhāna), Dhp-a.iii.345; Dhp-a.iv.18.

• -vāra a section of the Scriptures …

…Dhp-a.iv.72 (dhammā) catu˚; in 4 planes Dhs-a.296 (kusala); Dhp-a.i.35 (citta) The form -ika at Dhp-a.i.288 (with ref. to…

…Dhp-a.iv.72 (dhammā) catu˚; in 4 planes Dhs-a.296 (kusala); Dhp-a.i.35 (citta) The form -ika at Dhp-a.i.288 (with ref. to…

(or bimbī) gold, of golden colour DN-a.i.280 = Snp-a.448 (in Bdhgh’s fanciful etym of king Bimbisāra, viz. bimbī ti suvaṇṇaṃ, sārasuvaṇṇa-sadisa-vaṇṇatāya B.).

• *-[jāla](/def …

…and in bodha-pakkhiyadhammā (for which usually bodhi˚) Snp-a.164 (where given as 37); complementary to santi (arousing soothing)…

…lists of the b- p- dhammā. At AN.iii.70 only indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā and jāgariy’ ânuyoga are mentioned in…

…in a list of qualities (dhammā) which contribute to the greatest happiness of gods and man, viz. the 4 satipaṭṭhānā, 4 sammapadhānā 4…

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

term (not in the strictly Buddhist sense) for observance of vows of holiness, particularly of chastity: good & moral living (brahmaṃ cariyaṃ brahmāṇaṃ vā cariyaṃ = brahmacariyaṃ Kp-a.151); esp. in Bu …

adjective brahman, of the brahman rank; brahmanhood, of higher conduct, leading a pure life DN.i.115 (at which passage DN-a.i.286 includes Sāriputta, Moggallāna & Mahākassapa in this rank) MN.ii.167; …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

…are e.g. “sattannaṃ dhammānaṃ bāhitattā br.” (like def. of bhikkhu) Mnd.86 = Cnd.464#a (cp Snp.519); ye keci bho-vādikā Mnd.249 =…

…the 18 dhammā and the 10 balāni they are gifted with the 4 vesārajjāni (AN.ii.9, cp. Mil.106) These teachers appear upon…

…fr….

I. Crude meaning

1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dhp.1; Pv-a.65 (ratha˚); Mil.27.
2. a discus used as a missile weapon Ja.i.74; Pgdp.36; cp khura˚ a razor as an instr. of torture.
3. a disc, a …

the eye (nom. sg. cakkhuṃ) Vin.i.34; SN.i.115; MN.iii.134 etc.)

I. The eye as organ of sense

1. psychologically cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā “seeing visible object (shape with the eye” (Nd ii.on …

…fickle, transient SN.iv.68 (dhammā calā c’ eva vyayā ca aniccā, etc.); Ja.ii.299; Ja.iii.381; Ja.v.345; Mil.93, Mil.418 Sdhp.430, Sdhp.494….

to move about, to “live and move,” to behave, to be
imper act. cara (Ja.i.152), carā (metri causa, Ja.iii.393); imper. med. carassu (Snp.696), pl. carāmase (= exhortative, Snp.32); -ppr. caranto …

cariyā (f.) (mostly-˚) conduct, behaviour, state of, life of. Three cariyās at Pts.i.79; six at Vism.101; eight at Pts.ii.19 sq., Pts.ii.225 & four sets of eight in detail at Cnd.237^b. Ver …

base of numeral four

1. As num. adj. nom. & acc. m cattāro (Dhp.109; Ja.iii.51) and caturo (Snp.84, Snp.188), f. catasso (Snp.1122), nt. cattāri (Snp.227); gen. m. catunnaṃ (Snp.p.102), (f. catassa …

shifting, moving, passing away, only in ˚dhamma doomed to fall, destined to decease DN.i.18, DN.i.19; DN.iii.31, DN.iii.33; MN.i.326; Iti.76; Ja.iv.484; Ja.vi.482 (˚dhammatā).

from cavati

…See Cpd. p. 1 and pt. II. Mrs. Rh. D., Bud. Psy. 6 148, 175. -cetasikā dhammā Pts.i.84; Vb.421; Dhs.3 Dhs.18, etc. (cp. Dhs. trsl.…

…there are 6 buddha-dhammā (Cnd.466), 6 viññāṇakāyā (see upadhi); 6 senses & sense-organs (see…

…˚âdhipateyya-kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati, etc., see citta v. 1 dβ.
…

…there are 6 buddha-dhammā (Cnd.466), 6 viññāṇakāyā (see upadhi); 6 senses & sense-organs (see…

…classed with kāya vedanā dhammā under the (4) satipaṭṭhānas DN.ii.95, DN.ii.100, DN.ii.299 sq.; SN.v.114, etc. (see…

(only-˚) adjective walking, living, experiencing; behaving, acting, practising.

1. lit. asanga˚ SN.i.199 akāla˚ Snp.386; ambu˚ Snp.62; vihangapatha˚ Sdhp.241; sapadāna˚ MN.i.30; Snp.65; pariyanta˚ S …

adjective to be tamed or restrained; esp with ref. to a young bullock MN.i.225 (balagāvā dammagāvā the bulls & the young steers); Iti.80; also of other animals: assadamma-sārathi a horse-trainer AN. …

…under vassa); dasa-rāja-dhammā Ja.ii.367; das’ akkosa-vatthūni Dhp-a.i.212
■ See on similar sets AN.v.1–AN.v.310;…

1. Lit. seeing, looking; noticing; sight of, appearance, look. Often equivalent to an infinitive “to see,” esp. as dat. dassanāya in order to see, for the purpose of seeing (cp. dassana-kāma = da …

adjective firm, strong, solid; steady, fast nt. adv. very much, hard, strongly DN.i.245; SN.i.77; AN.ii.33; Snp.321 (nāvā), Snp.357, Snp.701, Snp.821 (˚ṃ karoti to strengthen), Snp.966 (id.); Dhp.112; …

ra; (on ṇ: l cp. guṇa: guḷa etc.) to *del as in Sk. dala, dalati. Cp. Lat. dolare to cut, split, work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.δαίδαλον work of art; Mhg. zelge twig; zol a stick Possibly also …

1. discourse, instruction, lesson SN.v.83, SN.v.108; Ja.iii.84; Pp.28; Ne.38; Vism.523 sq (regarding Paṭiccasamuppāda); Pv-a.1, Pv-a.2, Pv-a.9, Pv-a.11; Sdhp.213.
2. Freq. in dhamma˚; moral inst …

to point out, indicate, show; set forth, preach, teach; confess. Very freq. in phrase dhammaṃ d. to deliver a moral discourse to preach the Dhamma Vin.i.15; Vin.ii.87, Vin.ii.188; Vin.v.125, Vin.v.1 …

expounded, shown, taught etc., given, assigned, conferred Vin.iii.152 (marked out) Vin.v.137; DN.ii.154 (dhamma); Dhp.285 (nibbāna); Pv-a.4 (magga: indicated), Pv-a.54 (given).

pp. of deseti

adjective hating, detesting Snp.92 (dhamma˚); better desin, cp. viddesin.

Sk. dveṣin

god, a divine being; usually in pl. devā the gods. As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level. Thus primarily (see 1^a) …

adjective

1. to be given (see below)
2. deserving a gift, worthy of receiving alms Ja.iii.12 (a˚); Mil.87 (rāja˚) -nt. a gift offering Vin.i.298 (saddhā˚).

• -dhamma a gift, …

flag, banner; mark, emblem, sign, symbol Vin.i.306 (titthiya˚: outward signs of); Vin.ii.22 (gihi˚); SN.i.42 SN.ii.280; AN.ii.51; AN.iii.84 sq. (panna˚); MN.i.139 (id.) AN.iii.149 (dhamma); Ja.i.52 (\ …

only found in SN.i.103, where the Comy. takes it as a locative, and gives, as the equivalent, “in a forest on dry land” (araññe thale). Cp. Kindred Sayings i.129, n. 2.

liability to be judged Vin.ii.55 (& a˚).

Sk. *dharmatvaṃ

conformity to the Dhammaniyāma (see niyāma), fitness, propriety; a general rule higher law, cosmic law, general practice, regular phenomenon usual habit; often used in the sense of …

adjective lawful, according to the Dh. or the rule; proper, fit, right permitted, legitimate, justified; righteous, honourable of good character, just, esp. an attr. of a righteous King (rājā cakkavat …

Dhammin¹

adjective only-˚: having the nature or quality of, liable to, consisting in, practising, acting like, etc. (as ˚dhamma B 2 a), viz. uppāda-vaya˚ DN.ii.157; maraṇa˚ (= maraṇadham …

adjective in accordance with the Dhamma Pv-a.242 (also a˚); Vism.306 (˚lābha).

Sk. dharmya; cp. dhammika

in ˚kathā see dhamma².

(usually -˚, except at Mil.420) adjective bearing, wearing, keeping; holding in mind, knowing by heart. Freq. in phrase dhammadhara (knowing the Dhamma, q.v.), vinaya˚, mātik …

to hold, bear, carry, wear; to hold up, support; to bear in mind, know by heart; to hold out, endure, last continue, live Snp.385 (take to heart, remember); Dhp-a.ii.68
ppr dharamāṇa living, last …

(& Dhūta)

1. shaken, moved Dāvs v.49 (vāta˚).
2. lit. “shaken off,” but always explained in the commentaries as “one who shakes off” either cvil dispositions (kilese), or obstacles to spiritual pro …

adjective stable, constant, permanent; fixed, regular certain, sure DN.i.18; SN.i.142; SN.iv.370; AN.ii.33; Ja.i.19 Ja.v.121 (˚sassataṃ maraṇaṃ); Ja.iii.325; Bv.ii.82; Mil.114 (na tā nadiyo dh-salilā …

1. wearing, in mālā˚ (etc.) DN.i.5 = AN.ii.210 = Pp.58; Kp-a.37 cīvara˚ AN.ii.104 = Pp.45.
2. maintaining, sustaining keeping up Mil.320 (āyu˚ bhojana).
3. bearing in mind, remembrance Vin.iv.305; MN …

to hold, viz.

1. to carry, bear, wear, possess; to put on, to bring give DN.i.166≈(chavadussāni etc.); Vin.i.16 = DN.i.110 (telapajjotaṃ); DN.ii.19 (chattaṃ to hold a sunshade over a person); Pv-a.4 …

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

adjective (only-˚) having the nature, by nature, affected with, -like (cp. ˚dhamma B 2^a); often simply first part of cpd. (cp. E. friend-like = friendly = friend Ja.i.438 (kiliṭṭha˚ mise …

…Thag.4; Thag.2, Thag.7 (dhammā = tejussadehi ariyamaggadhammehi Thag-a.13); Ja.iii.396; Ja.v.116; Pv.ii.1#6 Pv.ii.9#45; Mnd.44, Mnd.55,…

Diṭṭha¹

1. seen; a˚ not seen DN.i.222 (a˚ + avedita asacchikata); MN.i.3 sq. (diṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhato sañjānāti); Snp.147 (diṭṭhā vā ye vā addiṭṭhā), Snp.995 (na me diṭṭho ito pubbe na ssuto… Sat …

view, belief, dogma, theory, speculation, esp. false theory, groundless or unfounded opinion

1. The latter is rejected by the Buddha as pāpa˚; (AN.iv.172) and pāpikā d. (opp bhaddikā: AN.v.212 sq …

Donī¹

feminine

1. a (wooden) trough, a vat, tub SN.ii.259; AN.i.253; AN.v.323; Ja.i.450; Mil.56-tela˚ an oil vat AN.iii.58 (āyasā made of iron & used as a sarcophagus).
2. a trough-shap …

…SN.ii.204 sq (˚karaṇā dhammā); MN.i.95 (id. specified); AN.ii.147 AN.iii.178; Ne.40, Ne.127.

contamination of Sk. *daurvacasya evil speech…

…of the world“ (loka dhammā) with lābha (& a˚), yasa (a˚) pasaṃsā (nindā), sukha (dukkha) at DN.iii.260; Cnd.55 Regarded as a thing…

adjective noun

1. twofold Snp.886 (saccaṃ musā ti dvayadhammaṃ); Dhp.384; Pv.iv.1#29 (dvayaṃ vipākaṃ = duvidhaṃ Pv-a.228)- advaya single AN.v.46
2. false, deceitful Vin.iii.21-nt. a duality, a p …

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

1. giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Sangha (cp. deyyadhamma & yañña). As such it constitute …

heir MN.i.86 = Cnd.199; SN.i.69, SN.i.90; SN.iv.72; AN.iii.72 sq.; Ja.iii.181; Ja.vi.151; Kp.viii.5. Often fig. with kamma˚; one who inherits his own deeds (see kamma 3 A b & co …

Dīpa¹

a lamp Ja.ii.104 (˚ṃ jāleti to light a l.); Dhp-a.ii.49 (id.), Dhp-a.ii.94 (id.)

• -acci the flame of a lamp Thag-a.154;
• -āloka light of …

adjective illustrating, explaining; f. -ī explanation, commentary, Name of several Commentaries, e.g. the Paramattha-dīpanī of Dhammapāla on Th 2; Pv Vv
■ Cp. jotikā & uddīpanā.

come, come here Snp.165; Ja.ii.159; Ja.vi.367); Dhp-a.i.49. In the later language part. of exhortation = Gr. α ̓́γε, Lat. age, “come on” Dhp-a.ii.91; Pv-a.201 (+ tāva = α ̓́γεδή). *[ehipassika](/d …

1. (nt.) the fact or the state of going, movement, journey, walk; (-˚) striving for, the leading of, pursuit AN.ii.48 sq. (gamanena na pattabbo lokass’ anto = one cannot walk to the end of the world) …

1. adjective deep, profound, unfathomable, well founded, hard to perceive difficult
   1. lit. of lakes: Dhp.83; Pv.ii.1#19 (= agādha) Pp.46; of a road (full of swamps) Ja.i.196
   2. fig of knowledge …

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

…ganthitabba Dhs-a.69; dhammā g˚ ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties” Buddh. Ps. p. 305; Expositor 64) Dhs.1141;…

…ganthitabba Dhs-a.69; dhammā g˚ ā (“states that tend to be are liable to be ties” Buddh. Ps. p. 305; Expositor 64) Dhs.1141;…

1. adj.
   1. lit. heavy, opp. lahu light, applied to bhāra, a load SN.iii.26; Ja.i.196 (= bhārika); Ja.vi.420; Dhp-a.i.48; Sdhp.494 (rūpagarubhāra the heavy load of “form”). Compa …

somewhat heavy.

1. lit. Ja.i.134 (of the womb in pregnancy); Dhp.310; Mil.102. Usually coupled & contrasted with; lahuka, light: in def. of sense of touch Dhs.648; similarly w. si …

…gati, vibhavo gati dhammānaṃ nibbānaṃ arahato gati: the wood is the sphere of the beasts, the air of the birds, decay is the state…

(freq. spelled gaṇḍikā, q.v.) = gaṇṭhi, viz.

1. a knot, a tie DN-a.i.199 (catu-pañca-gaṇṭhik’āhata patta a bowl with 4 or 5 knots, similarly āṇi-gaṇṭhik’ āhata ayopatta Vism.108; but see *[āṇi](/ …

…Mil.45; Vb.381; Dhs-a.194; dhammā, etc. SN.iv.71; Vb.380; Ne.53.

Sk. geha = gṛha, to gṛh, gaṇhāti; cp. gaha, gihin, ghara; see also…

adjective sounding, proclaiming, shouting out (-˚), in dhamma˚ praising the Law Ja.ii.286; Satthu guṇa sounding the praise of the Master Dhp-a.iii.114. As n Name of a deva (Gh. devaputta) Dhp-a.i.173.

adjective noun a householder, one who leads a domestic life, a layman (opp. pabbajita & paribbājaka). Geu. sg. gihissa (DN.iii.147, DN.iii.167) & gihino (DN.iii.174); n. pl. gihī; in compounds *gihī …

in dhamma˚ & brahma˚, a name of certain theatrical entertainers Mil.191.

, f.) a cow, an ox, bull, pl. cattle. For f. cp gāvī; see also *gava*˚ for cpds
■ Sg. nom. go (Snp.580 also in composition, cp. aja-go-mahisādi Pv-a.80 = pasū) gen. gavassa (MN.i. …

1. as pp. guarded, protected
   1. lit nagaraṃ guttaṃ a well-guarded city Dhp.315 = Thag.653 Thag.1005; Devinda˚ protected by the Lord of gods Vv.30#8-
   2. fig. (med.) guarded, watchful, constrain …

to stand fast, to be on firm ground, to have a firm footing: āpo ca paṭhavī ca tejo vāyo na gādhati “the four elements have no footing DN.i.223 = SN.i.15
■ Dhamma-Vinaye gādhati “to stand fast in t …

collection of houses, a hamlet (cp. Ger. gemeinde), a habitable place (opp. arañña: gāme vā yadi vâraññe Snp.119), a parish or village having boundaries & distinct from the surrounding country (gāmo c …

˚Gāmin

adjective f. ˚iṇī, in composition ˚gāmi˚

1. going, walking, lit.: sīgha˚ walking quickly Snp.381
2. leading to, making for, usually with magga or paṭipadā (gāminī), either lit. Pāṭaliputtagām …

[cp. Sk. gaurava, fr. garu] reverence, respect, esteem; with loc. respect for reverence towards; in the set of six venerable objects Buddhe [Satthari], Dhamme, Sanghe, sikkhāya, appamāde paṭisanthāre …

reverence, respect, in Satthu˚, Dhamma˚, etc. AN.iii.330 sq., AN.iii.423 sq.; AN.iv.29 (ottappa˚).

Der. fr. gārava

to sing, to recite, often comb w. naccati to dance; ppr. gāyanto, gāyamāna & gīyamāna (Vin.i.38); imper. gāhi (Ja.iii.507); fut. gāyissati grd. gāyitabba. Vin.ii.108 (dhammaṃ), Vin.i …

(-˚) going, having gone (through), being skilled or perfected in. See addha˚, anta˚ chanda˚, dhamma˚, paṭṭha˚, pāra, veda˚.

fr. gam, cp. ˚ga

1. cause, reason, condition SN.i.134; AN.iii.440 sq.; Dhs.595, Dhs.1053; Vism.450 Tikp.11, Kp.233, Kp.239. In the older use paccaya and hetu are almost identical …

laughter; mirth, joy Dhp.146; DN-a.i.228 = Snp-a.155 (“āmeṇḍita”); Ja.i.33 Ja.ii.82; Ja.v.112; Mil.390. See also ahāsa.

• -kara giving pleasure, causing joy Mi …

Icchati¹

to wish, desire, ask for (c. acc.), expect SN.i.210 (dhammaṃ sotuṃ i.); Snp.127, Snp.345, Snp.512, Snp.813, Snp.836; Dhp.162, Dhp.291; Mnd.3, Mnd.138, Mnd.164; Cnd. s.v.; Pv.ii.6# …

(sometimes spelt itara) adjective

1. passing, changeable, short, temporary, brief unstable MN.i.318 (opp. dīgharattaṃ); AN.ii.187; Ja.i.393 Ja.iii.83 (˚dassana = khaṇika˚ C.), Ja.i …

Itthi & Itthī

feminine woman female; also (usually as-˚) wife. Opp. purisa man (see e.g. for contrast of itthi and purisa Ja.v.72, Ja.v.398; Ne.93; Dhp-a.i.390; Pv-a.153)
■ SN.i.33 (nibbānass’ e …

Itthi & Itthī

feminine woman female; also (usually as-˚) wife. Opp. purisa man (see e.g. for contrast of itthi and purisa Ja.v.72, Ja.v.398; Ne.93; Dhp-a.i.390; Pv-a.153)
■ SN.i.33 (nibbānass’ e …

…sq.; AN.v.135 (dasa, dhammā etc., ten objects affording pleasure); Snp.759; Iti.15; Vb.2, Vb.100, Vb.337
■ Alone as nt. meaning…

(older); jaras (nt.) decay, decrepitude, old age Vin.i.10, Vin.i.34; AN.i.51, AN.i.138 (as death’s messenger); AN.v.144 sq. (bhabbo jaraṃ pahātuṃ); Snp.311 (cp. DN.iii.75); Ja.i.59; Thig.252 sq.; Vi …

Jhāna¹

neuter literally meditation. But it never means vaguely meditation It is the technical term for a special religious experience reached in a certain order of mental states. It was or …

…jitā me pāpakā dhammā tasmâhaṃ Upaka jino ti Vin.i.8 = MN.i.171; Vin.v.217; Snp.379, Snp.697, Snp.989, Snp.996. magga˚ conqueror…

…victory. jitā me pāpakā dhammā Vin.i.8; Dhp.40, Dhp.104 (attā jitaṃ seyyo for attā jito seyyo see Dhp-a.ii.228), Vism.105, Vism.179;…

1. trs. to cause to shine, illuminate, make clear, explain AN.ii.51 = Ja.v.509 (bhāsaye jotaye dhammaṃ; Gloss Ja.v.510 katheyya for joteyya = jotaye Iti.108; Ja.ii.208; Pv-a.18
2. intrs. to shine Dhp …

■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of …

Jīrati & Jīrayati

1. to destroy, bring to ruin, injure, hurt Vin.i.237 (jīrati); Ja.v.501 (variant reading BB for jarayetha, Com. vināseyya) = Ja.vi.375; Pv-a.57.
2. (cp. jīyati) to get old AN.iii.54 …

Jīrati & Jīrayati

1. to destroy, bring to ruin, injure, hurt Vin.i.237 (jīrati); Ja.v.501 (variant reading BB for jarayetha, Com. vināseyya) = Ja.vi.375; Pv-a.57.
2. (cp. jīyati) to get old AN.iii.54 …

adjective (usually -˚) living, leading a life (of…) SN.i.42, SN.i.61; Snp.88, Snp.181; Dhp.164; Pv-a.27. Cp. dīgha˚ dhamma˚.

Kalla¹ & Kalya

adjective

1. well, healthy, sound Vin.i.291.
2. clever, able, dexterous Mil.48 Mil.87.
3. ready, prepared Ja.ii.12, cp
   ■ citta.
4. fit proper, right SN.ii.13 (pañha)

…

(& kallāṇa)

1. (adj.) beautiful, charming; auspicious, helpful, morally good. Syn bhaddaka Pv-a.9, Pv-a.116) and kusala (SN.ii.118; Pv-a.9 Pv-a.122); opp. pāpa (SN.i.83; MN.i.43; Pv-a.101, Pv-a …

…(phassa-pañcamakā dhammā); Bdhd 77 (rūpa˚), Bdhd 78, Bdhd 120.

• -agga (nt.) “the first (of the) bunch,” the…

…and sārāṇīyā dhammā DN.ii.80; AN.iii.288; mettena kāya (etc.)-kammena DN.ii.144; DN.iii.191; AN.v.350 sq. 3. Particular…

adjective dark, black, as attr. of darkness, opposed to light, syn. with kāḷa (q.v. for etym.); opp. sukka. In general it is hard to separate the lit. and fig. meanings, an ethical implication is to b …

Karaka¹

1. Water-pot, drinking-vessel (= pānīya-bhājana Pv-a.251). It is one of the seven requisites of a samaṇa Vin.ii.302. It is called dhammakaraka there and at Vin.ii.118, Vin.ii. …

…etc. SN.v.97; nāthā ˚ā dhammā AN.v.23 (cp. AN.v.89) and thera˚ AN.ii.22; dubbaṇṇa˚ SN.v.217; see also DN.i.245 MN.i.15; SN.v.96,…

adjective (-˚) relating, speaking, conversing about, expounding, in compounds citta˚ Thig.449 (cp. citra-kathin); tiracchāna˚; AN.iv.153 dhamma˚; Ja.i.148; Ja.iii.342; Ja.iv.2 (˚thera); Ja.vi. …

adjective (-˚) speaking; one who speaks, a speaker, preacher Ja.i.148 (dhamma-kathikesu citrakathī); Mil.90, Mil.348 (˚seṭṭha best of speakers). See also kathaṃ-kathin.

cp. kathika

1. talk talking, conversation AN.i.130; Pv-a.39. So in antarā˚ DN.i.179; Snp.p.107, Snp.p.115; cp. sallāpa. Also in tiracchāna˚; low, common speech, comprising 28 kinds of conversational talk a b …

1. bronze Mil.2 magnified by late commentators occasionally into silver or gold. Thus Ja.vi.504 (silver) and Ja.i.338; Ja.iv.107 Ja.vi.509 (gold), considered more suitable to a fairy king
2. a bronze …

…founded on d., doubtful (dhammā) DN.iii.285; AN.iv.152, AN.iv.154 AN.v.16; AN-a.689.

• -dhamma a doubting state of mind…

1. ray, beam of light splendour, effulgence Thag.64; which is a riddle on the various meanings of ketu.
2. flag, banner, sign perhaps as token of splendour Thag.64. dhamma-k˚ having the Doctrine as …

adjective one who is fully accomplished, an Arahant; often with mahesi and uttamapurisa Defⁿ sabbaguṇa-paripuṇṇa sabba-yoga-visaṃyutta Snp-a.153
■ ye suvimuttā t …

only at SN.v.421; cp. SN.iv.330 (Dhammacakka-p-Sutta). It is a misreading. Read with Oldenberg Vin.i.10, kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyoga (devotion to the passions, to the pleasures of sense). See *[kā …

…= Pts.ii.230; under dhammā (states) Dhs.121, as lokuttara-kkhandhā, etc. Dhs.358 Dhs.528, Dhs.552
■ khandhānaṃ…

rule, power, possession; only in compounds:

• -dhamma the law of ruling, political science Ja.v.490 (is it khattu˚ = khattā˚?)
• -vijjā polity DN.i.9, condemn …

waste, destruction, consumption decay, ruin, loss; of the passing away of night Vv-a.52 mostly in applied meaning with ref. to the extinction of passions & such elements as condition, life, & rebirth …

1. (lit.) a field, a plot of land, arable land, a site, DN.i.231; SN.i.134 (bījaṃ khette virūhati; in simile); three kinds of fields at SN.iv.315, viz. agga˚ majjhima˚, hīna˚ (in simile); AN.i.229 = A …

in -dhammaṃ āpajjati to fall into a state of mental depression Vin.iv.151, Vin.iv.154; AN.iii.269 AN.iv.374. See also remarks by Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v.

cp. khīyati²

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

…as def. of avyākatā dhammā Vb.106, Vb.182 = Vb.302 = Dhs.566 and Dhs.989 (manodhātu kiriyā neva kusalā nâkusalā na ca kammavipākā:…

…as def. of avyākatā dhammā Vb.106, Vb.182 = Vb.302 = Dhs.566 and Dhs.989 (manodhātu kiriyā neva kusalā nâkusalā na ca kammavipākā:…

…SN.iv.117; MN.i.334; MN.ii.177; in a moral sense = bad, wicked, with nâlam-ariyā dhammā DN.i.163.

see kaṇha; DN-a.i.254 kiṇhā ti…

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

anger. Nearest synonyms are āghāta (Dhs.1060 = Cnd.576 both expositions also of dosa), upanāha (always in chain rāga, dosa, moha, kodha, upanāha) and *[dhūma]( …

(and ˚ika) = prec. AN.i.261; Ja.ii.180 (dhamma virginity); of a young tree SN.iv.160
■ f. -ikā Ja.iii.266.

adjective one who is in the possession of right wisdom, with ref. either to dhamma, magga, or ariyasaccāni, closely related to medhāvin and paṇḍita SN.i.146, …

…as def. of avyākatā dhammā Vb.106, Vb.182 = Vb.302 = Dhs.566 and Dhs.989 (manodhātu kiriyā neva kusalā nâkusalā na ca kammavipākā:…

Kulla¹

a raft (of basket-work) (orig. meaning “hollow shaft,” cp. Sk. kulya, bone; Lat. caulis stalk, Gr.καυλός, Ohg. hol, E. hollow) Vin.i.230; DN.ii.89 (kullaṃ bandhati); MN.i.134 (kull …

…right volition Vb.135;

• -dhammā (pl. (all) points of righteousness, good qualities of character SN.ii.206; MN.i.98; AN.iv.11…

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

adjective

1. belonging to the body, i.e. felt by the body (experienced by the senses), or resulting from the body, i.e. done by the body (= acted as opposed to spoken or thought). sukhaṃ physical hap …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

adjective

1. light (opp. garuka); trifling Vin.i.49; AN.ii.48 (āpatti); AN.iv.137 (jīvitaṃ parittaṃ l.) Mil.344 (āpatti).
2. light, buoyant Thag.104 (kāyo) Dhs.648; Mil.105; Pv-a …

adjective feeling shame, modest, afraid, shy, conscientious (explained as “one who has hiri & ottappa; by C. on SN.i.73: see K.S. 320 & cp.; Dhs. trstlⁿ p. 18; DN.i.4, DN.i.63; DN.iii …

1. sign, characteristic mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark (cp. talisman), a distinguishing mark or salient feature, prop …

…DN.iii.214; Dhs.32.

• -dhammā (pl.) affection of greed, things belonging to greed; (adj.) (of) greedy character MN.i.91;…

…Divy.63, Divy.77 etc. -dhammā (pl. common practice, things of the world, worldly conditions SN.iii.139 sq.; Snp.268…

…pl. l. dhammā MN.iii.115 2. (in later canonical literature) beyond these worlds, supra-mundane, transcendental,…

…pl. l. dhammā MN.iii.115 2. (in later canonical literature) beyond these worlds, supra-mundane, transcendental,…

greediness, covetousness, self-indulgence, desire; in the language of the Abhidhamma often syn. with jappā or taṇhā. At Dhs-a.365 loluppa is treated as an adj. …

grace, ease, charm adroitness; always used with ref. to the Buddha (Buddhalīḷhā), e.g. Ja.i.155; Dhp-a.i.33; Dhp-a.iii.79. So in phrase Buddhalīḷhāya dhammaṃ deseti “to expound the doctrine with …

Macchariya & Macchera

neuter avarice, stinginess, selfishness, envy; one of the principal evil passions & the maịn cause of rebirth in the Petaloka

1. macchariya: AN.i.95, AN.i.299; AN.iii.272; Dh …

Macchariya & Macchera

neuter avarice, stinginess, selfishness, envy; one of the principal evil passions & the maịn cause of rebirth in the Petaloka

1. macchariya: AN.i.95, AN.i.299; AN.iii.272; Dh …

…softness, gentleness Snp.250 (ajjava +), Snp.292 (id.); Ja.iii.274 (as one of the 10 rāja-dhammā); Ja.v.347 (= mettacittaṃ); Dhs-a.151….

1. a road (usually high road), way, foot-path Vism.708 (maggaṃ agata-pubba-purisa, simile of); Vb-a.256 (tiyojana˚, simile of a man travelling); Dhp-a.i.229- addhāna˚; high road Vin.iv.62; MN. …

…Dhs.1205, Dhs.1027 (dhammā); Vism.11 (sīlaṃ); h. m. ukkaṭṭha Vism.308; omaka m….

…of dhammā the subjective dh. Dhamma in this sense is the rationality or lawfulness of the Universe (see…

…of dhammā the subjective dh. Dhamma in this sense is the rationality or lawfulness of the Universe (see…

orig. a divine saying or decision, hence a secret plan (cp. def. of mant at Dhtp.578 by “gutta-bhāsane”), counsel; hence magic charm, spell. In particular a secret religious code or doctrine, esp. …

human being, man. The popular etym. connects m. with Manu(s), the ancestor of men, e.g. Kp-a.123: “Manuno apaccā ti manussā, porāṇā pana bhaṇanti ʻmana-ussannatāya manussa’; te Jambudīpakā, Aparagoy …

death, as ending this (visible) existence, physical death, in a narrower meaning than kālakiriyā; dying, in compounds death
■ The customary stock definition of maraṇa runs; …

1. a ray of light Vv-a.166.
2. a mirage Ja.vi.209 Vism.496; Vb-a.34, Vb-a.85; often combined with māyā (q.v.) e.g. Cnd.680 Aⁱⁱ; Ja.ii.330.

• *-[kammaṭṭhāna](/define/k …

adjective (-˚ only) made of, consisting of
■ An interesting analysis (interesting for judging the views and sense of etymology of an ancient commentator) of maya is given by Dhamm …

temporary shed or hall erected on special or festive occasions, an awning, tent Vin.i.125; Vism.96, Vism.300 (dhamma-savaṇa˚), Vism.339 sq (in simile); Dhp-a.i.112; Dhp-a.ii.45; Dhp-a.iii.206 (˚kā …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) relating to sexual intercourse sexual, usually with dhamma, sex intercourse, in phrase ˚ṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati to cohabit Vin.i.96; DN.ii.133; Snp.291, Sn …

1. one concerned with (illicit) sexual intercourse, a fornicator Mnd.139 (in a wider sense).
2. an associate Vin.iii.66.
3. (nt.) coitus Ja.ii.360 (= methuna-dhamma C.).

fr. methuna

stupidity, dullness of mind & soul, delusion bewilderment, infatuation DN.iii.146, DN.iii.175, DN.iii.182, DN.iii.214, DN.iii.270; Vin.iv.144, Vin.iv.145; Snp.56, Snp.74, Snp.160, Snp.638, Snp.847; Vb …

Mokkha¹

1. (lit.) release, freedom from, in bandhanā m DN.i.73 = MN.i.276.
2. (fig.) release, deliverance, salvation Vb.426 (jarā-maraṇa˚ from old age & death) Dhp-a.i.4 (˚magga + sagg …

…also used as adj.: moneyyā dhammā properties of a perfect character). Cp. also Snp.484, Snp.698, Snp.700 sq. On moneyya-kolāhala (forebodings…

(˚-) adjective noun belonging to or untruth, false-; only in compounds -dhamma of a deceitful nature, false, AN.v.84 (kāma); Snp.739, Snp.757 & -vajja [fr. m …

holy man, a sage, wise man.

I

The term which was specialised in Brahmanism has acquired a general meaning in Buddhism & is applied by the Buddha to any man attaining perfection in self-rest …

garland, wreath, chaplet; collectively = flowers; fig. row, line Snp.401; Pp.56 Vism.265 (in simile); Pv.ii.3#16 (gandha, m., vilepana as a “lady’s” toilet outfit); Pv.ii.4#9 (as one of the 8 or 10 st …

adjective lit. “mine,” one who shows affection (not only for himself), making one’s own, i.e devoted to, loving Snp.806 (= Buddha˚, Dhamma˚ Sangha˚ Mnd.125; = mamāyamāna Snp-a.534), Snp.927 (same exp …

1. a water course Vism.554 (˚âtikkamaka); Mhvs.35, Mhvs.96; Mhvs.37, Mhvs.50; Snp-a.500 (= sobbha); Dhp-a.ii.141 (its purpose: “ito c’ ito ca udakaṃ haritvā attano sassa-kammaṃ sampādenti”); Vv-a. …

1. deceptive appearance fraud, deceit, hypocrisy Snp.245, Snp.328 (˚kata deceit), Snp.469, Snp.537, Snp.786, Snp.941 (: māyā vuccati vañcanikā cariyā Mnd.422); Vb.357, Vb.361, Vb.389; Mil.289; Vism.10 …

…in Vb.390 (taṇhā˚ dhammā); Tikp.233 sq. Tikp.252 sq., Tikp.288 sq. & passim; Vb-a.200 sq., Vb-a.207 sq (sankhāra˚, avijjā˚ etc….

stronghold, citadel, fortress a (fortified) town, city. As seat of the government as important centre of trade contrasted with gāma nigama (village & market-place or township) Vin.iii.47 (˚bandhana), …

Nandi¹ & Nandī

masculine & feminine

1. joy, enjoyment, pleasure, delight in (c loc.) SN.i.16, SN.i.39, SN.i.54; SN.ii.101 sq. (āhāre); SN.iii.14 (= upādāna), SN.iv.36 sq.; AN.ii.10 (kāma˚ …

disappearance, loss, destruction AN.iii.54 (˚dhamma adj. doomed to perish).

cp. Sk. naśana

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

guide, conductor; support (= nettika²) Iti.37 (āhāra˚-pabhava), Iti.38 (bhava˚), Iti.94 (netticchinna bhikkhu = Arahant). Cp. nettika² dhamma˚, bhava˚.

Vedic netrī, f. to netṛ

adjective noun

1. having as guide or forerunner, in Bhagavaṃ˚’ dhamma MN.i.310; AN.i.199 AN.iv.158, AN.iv.351; AN.v.355.
2. a conduit for irrigation; one who makes conduits for watering Dhp.80 (= uda …

…n- pariyosānā sabbe dhammā AN.v.107; n- poṇaṃ me mānasaṃ bhavissati, saṃyojanā pahāṇaṃ gacchanti AN.iii.443; odhunitvā…

adjective constant, continuous, permanent DN.iii.31; SN.i.142; SN.ii.109, SN.ii.198; SN.iv.24 sq., SN.iv.45, SN.iv.63; AN.ii.33, AN.ii.52 AN.v.210; Pts.ii.80; Vb.335, Vb.426. In chain of synonyms nicc …

…Anvs p. 35; Dhp-a.ii.95 (dhammāsanaṃ āruyha pañcahi nikāyehi atthañ ca kāraṇañ ca ākaḍḍhitvā). The five Nikāyas are…

adjective clever, skilful, accomplished; fine, subtle, abstruse DN.i.26≈(n. gambhīra dhamma), DN.i.162 (paṇḍita +); MN.i.487 (dhamma); SN.i.33; SN.iv.369; AN.iii.78; Snp.1126 (= gambhīra duddasa etc. …

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

oppression, suppression; destruction, cessation annihilation (of senses, consciousness, feeling being in general: sankhārā). Bdhgh’s explⁿ of the word is: “ni-saddo abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo c …

careful attention or observation AN.ii.97; AN.iii.201; AN.iv.15 (dhamma˚), AN.iv.36 (id.) AN.iv.296; AN.v.166 (dhamma˚); Dpvs.i.53 (˚kāra). Cp. nisamma & nisāmeti.

Sk. *niśānti, ni + śam

adjective powerless, unsubstantial; f. abstr. -tā absence of essence, unsubstantiality (see dhamma A) Dhs-a.38, Dhs-a.139, Dhs-a.263; cp. Dhs trsl. pp. xxxiii.& 26.

Sk. * …

adjective observant, listening to, attending to, careful of AN.v.166, AN.v.168 (dhammānaṃ).

cp. Sk. niśāmana

adjective settled, established (in); confirmed, sure; fixed on, bent on, devoted to (loc. Snp.57 (= satta allīna etc. Cnd.364), Snp.756, Snp.774, Snp.781 (ruciyā), Snp.824 (saccesu), Snp.892; Mnd.38, …

1. restraint, constraint, training, self-control Mil.116 (yama +); Pv-a.98 (yama +).
2. definiteness certainty, limitation Dhp-a.iii.83 (catumagga˚, variant reading niyāma); Snp-a.124 (niyāma); …

Niyāmaka¹

adjective sure of or in, founded in, or leading to, completed in DN.i.190 (dhamma-n. paṭipadā, cp. niyamatā).

either to niyama or niyāma

Niyāmaka²

(see niyyāmaka …

state of being settled, certainty, reliance surety, being fixed in (-˚) SN.ii.25 (dhamma˚ + dhammaṭṭhitatā); AN.i.286 (id.), Ja.i.113 (saddhammassa n assurance of…); Kv.586 (accanta˚ final assurance …

…ete dhammā, ekato va uppajjanti Mil.49). SN.i.35 (yattha n. ca rūpañ ca asesaṃ uparujjhati taṃ te dhammaṃ idh’…

1. (rare in the old texts) a flood of water Vv-a.48 (udak’ ogha); usually as mahogha a great flood Dhp.47; Vism.512; Vv-a.110; Dhp-a.ii.274 = Thag-a.175.
2. (always in sg.) th …

Ogādha¹

adjective immersed, entered; firm, firmly footed or grounded in (-˚), spelt ogāḷha Mil.1 (abhidhamma-vinay˚). Cp. BSk. avagādhaśrāddha of deep faith Divy.268. …

1. put down into, deposited Dhp.150.
2. put down, laid down, taken off, relieved of, in phrase ohitabhāro (arahaṃ) (a Saint) who has laid down the burden: see arahatta iii. C.; …

adjective leading to quiet, allaying quieting; epithet of Dhamma DN.iii.264 sq.; AN.ii.132.

fr. upa + sama + ika; cp. BSk. aupaśamika Avs.ii.107; Mvu.ii.41

1. (with variant reading osāpeti, reading osāreti is uncertain) to stow away, deposit, put in, put away (see also opeti) Ja.vi.52, Ja.vi.67 (pattaṃ thavikāya o.).
2. to bring out, e …

one who has gone out from home, one who has given up worldly life & undertaken the life of a bhikkhu recluse or ascetic, (one) ordained (as a Buddhist friar) gone forth (into the holy life or pabbajjā …

leaving the world, adopting the ascetic life state of being a Buddhist friar, taking the (yellow) robe ordination

1. ordination or admission into the Buddha’s Order in particular: Vin.iii.13; SN.i.16 …

1. a mountain (-range), hill, rock SN.i.101 SN.i.102, SN.i.127, SN.i.137; SN.ii.32, SN.ii.185, SN.ii.190; AN.i.243; AN.ii.140; AN.iv.102 (dhūpāyati); Snp.413, Snp.417, Snp.543, Snp.958, Snp.1014; Mnd …

lit. to speak against, i.e. to reject, refuse, disavow, abandon, give up, usually in connection with Buddhaṃ, dhammaṃ sikkhaṃ or similar terms of a religious-moral nature Vin.iii.25; SN.ii.231, SN.ii …

…Pp.21 (a˚) Dhs.390 (a˚ = dhammānaṃ sabhāvaṃ pati na apekkhati Dhs-a.254, trsl. “inability to consider”); Mil.388 Ne.85; Vb-a.140;…

1. foot Dhp.273 = Snp-a.366 (? saccānaṃ caturo padā); DN-a.i.85; usually -˚, like hatthipadaṃ elephant’s foot MN.i.176, MN.i.184; SN.i.86; SN.v.43, SN.v.231; and with numerals dvi˚ & di˚, catup˚, a …

giving, bestowing; but appears to have also the meaning of “attainment, characteristic attribute”. AN.i.102 (bāla˚ & paṇḍita˚) Ja.i.97 (sotāpattimagg’ ādi˚) Pv-a.71 (anubala˚) Thag-a.35 (anupattidha …

Padīpiya & Padīpeyya

neuter that which is connected with lighting, material for lighting a lamp lamps & accessories; one of the gifts forming the stock of requisites of a Buddhist mendicant (see Cnd. …

Padīpiya & Padīpeyya

neuter that which is connected with lighting, material for lighting a lamp lamps & accessories; one of the gifts forming the stock of requisites of a Buddhist mendicant (see Cnd. …

1. to stretch forth, hold out or up, take up DN.i.123 (sujaṃ the sacrificial ladle), DN.i.125 (añjaliṃ stretch out the hollow hands as a token of respectful greeting); SN.i.141; SN.ii.280; Ja.i.89 (pa …

adjective learned, full of knowledge, clever, well-acquainted, familiar DN.iii.170; Vv.53#2 (= nipuṇa Vv-a.232); Ja.ii.243; Ja.iv.130; Ja.v.399; Vism.95 (Majjhimo me paguṇo: I am well versed in the …

light, lustre, splendour, a lamp SN.i.15, SN.i.47; AN.ii.140; Snp.349; Pp.25 Sdhp.590
■ telapajjota an oil lamp Vin.i.16 = DN.i.85; AN.i.56 ≈ Snp.p.15
■ dhammapajjota the lamp of the Dhamma Mil.21 …

1. performance, undertaking paragraph (of the law) DN.i.98 (“offence”? see Dial. i.120); SN.iii.91; Mil.189.
2. occasion Vin.i.44 Vin.ii.75; Vin.iii.20.
3. exposition, arrangement, literary work, co …

…kusalā dhammā, akusalā dh., avyākatā dh. ti tīsu padesu p.)

caus 2 pakkhipāpeti Ja.i.467; DN-a.i.136
pp pakkhitta…

…bodhi-pakkhiya-dhammā the 37 parts of enlightenment Iti.75 (satta only); Ja.i.275; Vism.678 sq.; Snp-a.164; Vv-a.95; see Cpd. 179…

explaining, making known; information, evidence, explanation, publicity Pts.i.104 (dhamma˚); Mil.95; Snp-a.445; Pv-a.2, Pv-a.50, Pv-a.103 (explⁿ of āvi).

pa + kāś, cp. pakāsati

adjective destined for decay or destruction SN.iv.205 = Snp.739 (acc. palokinaṃ = jarā-maraṇehi palujjana-dhamma Snp-a.506); Thig.101 (acc. pl palokine, see Geiger,

Pali Grammar

§ 95#2).

fr. paloka

fallen, gone, gone down; also: creeping only in foll. compounds:

• -ga a snake Thag.429 (˚inda chief of snake-demons) Ja.v.166; Mil.23.
• -gandha with gone down (i.e. deterio …

adjective highest, most excellent, superior, best paraphrased by agga seṭṭha visiṭṭha at Cnd.502 A Mnd.84, Mnd.102 (the latter reading viseṭṭha for visiṭṭha); by uttama at Dhp-a …

paramajja-dhamma

the most influential or ruling doctrine MN.iii.7.

cp. Vedic parama-jyā

1. giving up, abandonment, sacrifice, renunciation AN.i.92 (āmisa˚ & dhamma material & spiritual); Pts.ii.98 Ja.i.12 (jīvita˚) Dhp-a.iii.441 (pañca mahāpariccāgā the five great sacrifices i.e. the gi …

diminution, decrease, wasting away, decay SN.ii.206 sq.; AN.ii.40 (abhabbo parihānāya), AN.iii.173, AN.iii.309, AN.iii.329 sq., AN.iii.404 sq. (˚dhamma); AN.v.103 (id.), AN.v.156 sq.; Iti.71 (˚āya saṃ …

…SN.v.85.

parihāna +…

walking about MN.i.43, MN.i.44; adj. sa˚; having (opportunity for) walking about i.e. accessible, good for rambling in, pleasant, said of the Dhamma AN.v.262 (opp. a˚).

pari + kram

“complete Nibbāna” in two meanings:

1. complete extinction of khandhalife; i.e. all possibility of such life & its rebirth, final release from (the misery of) rebirth and transmigration death (after …

one who attains Parinibbāna. Of the 2 meanings registered under parinibbāna we find No. 1 only in a very restricted use when taken in both senses of sa-and an-upādisesa parinibbāna; e.g. at AN.ii.15 …

adjective asking a question, enquiring Mnd.234 = Cnd.386; Sdhp.90
■ f. abstr paripucchakatā questioning Vism.132 (one of the 7 constituents of dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhanga).

fr. pari + prc̣h

…bringing to maturity, leading to perfection, accomplishing, only in phrase vimuttiparipācaniyā dhammā (5) things achieving emancipation (see…

…DN-a.i.94); Ud.36 (pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattanti); Ja.i.142, Ja.i.148 Ja.vi.236; Mil.288; Vism.116 (bodhi˚), Vism.199; Dhp-a.i.89…

adjective clean, clear, pure, perfect Vin.ii.237; MN.i.26; MN.iii.11; SN.ii.199 (˚dhammadesanā); SN.iii.235; SN.v.301, SN.v.354; AN.iii.125 (˚ñāṇa-dassana), AN.iv.120 sq.; Ja.i.265; Vism.2 (accanta˚) …

to think over, consider thoroughly examine, search SN.ii.80 sq.; Iti.42 = Snp.975 (ppr dhammaṃ ˚vīmaṃsamāna, cp. Mnd.508); DN-a.i.134; Dhp-a.iv.117 (attānaṃ).

pari + vīmaṃsati, Desid. of pari + * …

Pariyatta¹

neuter learning understanding, comprehension, only in phrase indriyaparo pariyatta (-ñāṇa) (knowledge of) what goes on in the intentions of others AN.v.34, AN.v.38; Pts.i.121 …

1. adequacy, accomplishment, sufficiency capability, competency; indriya-paro˚; efficiency in the (knowledge of) thoughts of others SN.v.205; Ne.101 Three accomplishments are distinguished at DN-a …

search for DN.i.222; AN.i.93 (āmisa˚ & dhamma˚); AN.iii.416; Snp.289 (vijjācaraṇa˚) Ja.i.14; Ne.1, Ne.5; DN-a.i.271.

pari + eṭṭhi of esati, ā + iṣ

dived into, penetrated into, immersed in (loc.) Vin.i.181; DN.i.110; MN.i.380; SN.ii.58; SN.iv.328; Vb.329; Mil.283.

• -dhamma one who has penetrated into the Dhamma Vin.i.16; AN …

1. end, finish, conclusion Ja.i.106 (sacca˚ = desanā˚); Pv-a.9 (desanā and passim), Pv-a.136 (āyūha˚), Pv-a.162 (id.), Pv-a.281 (= anta) Often contracted with ādi beginning & majj …

1. (Pass. exhausted, finished, put an end to, consummated Vin.i.25 (tejo); DN.ii.8 = MN.iii.118; SN.ii.133 sq. (dukkhaṃ parikkhīṇaṃ +); SN.v.461 sq
   ■ neg. apariyādinna not finished, not exhaus …

…= AN.ii.51. 3. (˚ā dhammā) the Included, viz. all that is contained in the threefold cycle of existence (i.e. the worlds of sense, form &…

1. to learn (by heart), to master, to gain mastership over, to learn thoroughly Vin.iv.305 (parittaṃ a charm) DN.i.117 (= jānāti DN-a.i.117); AN.iii.86 (dhammaṃ); fut pariyāpuṇissati Dhp-a.i.382 ( …

lit. “going round” analysed by Bdhgh in 3 diff. meanings, viz. vāra (turn, course) desanā (instruction, presentation), and kāraṇa (cause reaso …

…Snp-a.350), Snp.475 (˚ā dhammā; variant reading BB paroparā; explained as “parâvarā sundar’ âsundarā, parā vā bāhirā aparā…

touching contact, being attached to, hanging on, being under the influence of, contagion (Dhs. trsl. 316). In Asl.49, Bdhgh analyses as parato āmasantīti parāmāsā: p. means “they handle dhamma’s *as …

1. clearness, brightness, purity; referring to the colours (“visibility”) of the eye Ja.i.319 (akkhīni maṇiguḷa-sadisāni paññāyamāna pañca-ppasādāni ahesuṃ); Snp-a.453 (pasanna-netto i.e. pañca-v …

…Pp.49 Pp.50 Vb-a.282 (˚suttanta); Sdhp.543; the 10 pāsādaniyā dhammā at MN.iii.11f. cp. sam˚

fr. pasāda

1. to become bright, to brighten up Pv-a.132 (mukha-vaṇṇo p.).
2. to be purified, reconciled or pleased; to be clear & calm, to become of peaceful heart (mano or cittaṃ p.); to f …

Patta¹

neuter

1. the wing of a bird, a feather Vin.iv.259; DN.i.71. kukkuṭa˚ a hen’s quill (for sewing) Vin.ii.215
2. a leaf MN.i.429; Snp.44 = Snp.64 (sañchinna˚, see Cnd.625); Snp.625 ( …

Patti¹

on foot, one who is on foot, a foot-soldier Vin.iv.105 (as one of the 4 constituents of a senā or army, viz. hatthī elephants, assā horses, rathā chariots, pattī …

adjective most excellent, noble, distinguished SN.iii.264; Snp.83, Snp.646, Snp.698 (muni˚); Dhp.422 Pp.69; Mil.246; Pv-a.2 (˚dhamma-cakka), Pv-a.67 (id.), Pv-a.39 (˚buddh’āsana); Sdhp.421.

pa + vara

transitive

1. to send forth, set going Vin.i.87 (assūni); SN.ii.282 (id.) Ja.i.147 (selagulaṃ pavaṭṭ˚); esp. in phrase dhammacakkaṃ p. to inaugurate the reign of righteousness Vin.i.8, Vin.i.11; MN …

…beneficial; only in phrase dhammā pavattino AN.i.279; DN-a.i.4 = Pv-a.2; and in suppavattin (good-flowing, i.e. well-recited?) AN.iv.140…

set going, inaugurated, established Vin.i.11 (dhammacakka); MN.iii.29, MN.iii.77; SN.i.191; Snp.556, Snp.557 (dhammacakka); Pv-a.67 (id.), Pv-a.140 (sangīti); Snp-a.454.

pp. of pavatteti

…(citta-dubbalī-karaṇā dhammā) paṇṇa-vīsati, e.g. Ja.iv.352 (nāriyo); Thig.67, and paṇṇuvīsaṃ (only at Ja.iii.138)….

…Vv-a.64)
■ DN.i.12 (dhammā gambhīrā… paṇītā…), DN.i.109 (khādaniya); DN.ii.127 (id. DN.ii.iii.215 (with hīna &…

Paṭicca-samuppāda

“arising on the grounds of (a preceding cause)” happening by way of cause working of cause & effect, causal chain of causation causal genesis, dependent origination, theory of the …

means of reaching a goal or destination, path, way, means, method, mode of progress (cp. Dhs. translation 53, 82, 92, 143), course, practice (cp. BSk. pratipad in meaning of pratipatti “line of cond …

to enter upon (a path), to go along, follow out (a way or plan) to go by; fig. to take a line of action, to follow a method to be intent on, to regulate one’s life DN.i.70 (saṃvarāya), DN.i.175 (tatha …

(having) followed or following up, reaching, going along or by (i.e. practising), entering on, obtaining SN.ii.69; SN.iv.252; AN.i.120 (arahattāya); AN.iv.292 sq. (id.), AN.iv.372 sq.; Iti.81 (dhammân …

“way,” method, conduct, practice, performance, behaviour, example AN.i.69 AN.v.126 (dhammânudhamma˚), AN.v.136; Pts.ii.15; Mnd.143 Cnd. s.v.; Mil.131, Mil.242; Dhp-a.ii.30; Dhp-a.iv.34 (sammā good o …

lit. “resolving continuous breaking up,” i.e. analysis, analytic insight discriminating knowledge. See full discussion explⁿ of term at Kvu translation 377–⁠382. Always referred to as “the …

lit. spreading before, i.e. friendly welcome, kind reception, honour, goodwill favour, friendship DN.iii.213, DN.iii.244; AN.i.93; AN.iii.303 sq. AN.iv.28, AN.iv.120; AN.v.166, AN.v.168 (˚aka adj. one …

to follow, pursue, indulge in (acc.) practise Vin.ii.296 (methunaṃ dhammaṃ); MN.i.10; AN.ii.54 (methunaṃ); Ja.i.437; Ja.vi.73, Ja.vi.505; Dhp.67; Mnd.496 Pp.62; Mil.224; Dhp-a.ii.40; Pv-a.130; Sdhp. …

setting forth, putting forward; only in cpd. sati˚; setting up of mindfulness (q.v. and see discussion of term at Dial ii.324) Besides in later lit. meaning “origin,” starting point cause, in titl …

to touch, attain Ja.v.251 (rājā dhammaṃ phassayaṃ = C. phassayanto; vv.ll. pa˚ phu˚); Mil.338 (amataṃ, cp. phusati), Mil.340 (phassayeyya Pot.)
pass phassīyati Vin.ii.148 (kavāṭā na ph.; variant r …

1. basket Vin.i.225 (ghaṭa p. ucchanga), Vin.i.240 (catudoṇika p.); Pv.iv.3#33; Vism.28 (piṭake nikkhitta-loṇa-maccha-phāla-sadisaṃ phaṇaṃ); dhañña˚ a grain-basket Dhp-a.iii.370; vīhi˚; a ri …

…precedence Dhp.2 (mano˚ dhammā = tena paṭhama-gāminā hutvā samannāgatā Dhp-a.i.35) Cnd.318 Pp.15 (paññā˚ ariyamagga = paññaṁ…

1. an individual, as opposed to a group (sangha or parisā), person, man; in later philosophical (Abhidhamma) literature = character, soul (= attan). DN.i.176; MN.iii.58; SN.i.93 sq.; SN.iii.25; AN.i.8 …

indeclinable before (both local & temporal), thus either “before, in front” or “before, formerly, earlier.” In both meanings the opp. is pacchā -

1. local SN.i.176 (pure hoti t …

1. placed in front, i.e. foremost or at the top, in phrase devā Inda-purohitā the gods with Inda at their head Ja.vi.127 (= Indaṃ pure-cārikaṃ katvā C.).
2. the king’s headpriest (brahmanic), or dom …

1. a son SN.i.210; Snp.35, Snp.38, Snp.60, Snp.557, Snp.858; Dhp.62, Dhp.84 Dhp.228, Dhp.345; Ja.iv.309; Vism.645 (simile of 3 sons); Pv-a.25, Pv-a.63, Pv-a.73 sq.; DN-a.i.157 (dāsaka˚). Four kind …

(-˚) in Sakya˚; is compound Sakyaputta + iya “belonging to the son of the Sakyas” (i.e. to the Sakya prince) Pv-a.43
■ asakyaputtiya dhamma Vin.ii.297. Puthavi & Puthuvi

merit meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth & a future blissful state, the enjoyment (& duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accum …

adjective requiring expiation, expiatory Vin.i.172, Vin.i.176; Vin.ii.242, Vin.ii.306 sq.; Vin.iv.1 sq., Vin.iv.258 sq.; AN.ii.242 (dhamma); Vism.22
■ It is also the name of one of the books of the …

(-˚) a guard, keeper, guardian, protector SN.i.185 (vihāra˚); Ja.v.222 (dhamma˚); Vv-a.288 (ārāma˚); Sdhp.285. See also go˚, loka˚.

fr. pā, see pāleti

adj. nt.

1. (adj.) evil, bad, wicked, sinful AN.ii.222 sq. (and compar. pāpatara); Snp.57; Dhp.119 (opp. bhadra) Other compar-superl. forms are pāpiṭṭha SN.v.96 pāpiṭṭhatara Vin.ii.5; pāpiyyasika DN …

…authority on Snp.992 (sabbadhammānaṃ), Snp.1105 (cp. Cnd.435) DN.i.88 (tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ); Dhp-a.iii.361 (id.).

• -dārika an…

adjective striking, surprising, extraordinary, special; nt. wonder, miracle. Usually in stock phrase iddhi˚, ādesanā˚, anusāsanī˚ as the 3 marvels which characterise a Buddha with regard to his teachi …

…joy, bringing joy Dhs.1578 (dhammā, various things or states); Vism.86 (samādhi). -sukha zest and happiness intrinsic joy…

adjective [fr. pīta¹) drinking, only at Dhp.79 in cpd. dhamma˚; drinking in the Truth, explained as dhammapāyako dhammaṃ pivanto at Dhp-a.ii.126.

honour, worship, devotional attention AN.i.93 (āmisa˚, dhamma˚); AN.v.347 sq.; Snp.906; Dhp.73, Dhp.104; Pv.i.5#5; Pv.i.5#12; Dpvs.vii.12 (cetiya˚); Snp-a.350; Pv-a.8; Sdhp.213, Sdhp.230, Sdhp.542, …

…the places of lobhanīyā dhammā in combination with dosanīyā & mohanīyā dh. at SN.iv.307; AN.ii.120; AN.iii.169. Another pair is…

adjective (-˚) guarding or to be guarded

1. act.: dhamma˚; guardian of righteousness or truth Mil.344
2. pass.: in cpd. dū˚; variant reading du

hard to guard Dhp-a.i.295. ˚kathā, s. l. rukkh …

guarded, protected, saved SN.iv.112 (rakkhitena kāyena, rakkhitāya vācāya etc.) AN.i.7 (cittaṃ r.); Snp.288 (dhamma˚), Snp.315 (gottā˚) Vv-a.72 (mātu˚, pitu˚ etc.); Pv-a.61, Pv-a.130
■ Note. *r …

Rasa¹

that which is connected with the sense of taste. The defⁿ given at Vism.447 is as follows “jivhā-paṭihanana-lakkhaṇo raso, jivhā-viññāṇassa visaya-bhāvo raso, tass’ ev …

Ratana¹

neuter

1. (lit.) a gem, jewel Vv-a.321 (not = ratana², as Hardy in Index) Pv-a.53 (nānāvidhāni)
   ■ The 7 ratanas are enumerated under veḷuriya (Mil.267). They are …

1. to please, i.e. it pleases (with dat. of person) Thig.415 (rocate); Mhvs.15, Mhvs.9 (nivāso rocatu). Cp. BSk. rocyate Avs.ii.158.
2. to find pleasure in (loc.) Mil.338 (bhave)

caus *[roceti](/defi …

1. splendour, light, brightness Snp.548 (su˚ very splendid; Snp-a.453 = sundara-sarīrappabha).
2. inclination, liking, pleasure Pv-a.59 (˚ṃ uppādeti to find pleasure, to be satisfied)
   ■ *aruci …

1. colour, hue; colouring, dye Vin.ii.107 (anga˚ “rougeing” the body bhikkhū angarāgaṃ karonti); Thag-a.78; Snp-a.315 (nānāvidha˚).
2. (as t. t. in philosophy & ethics) excitement passion; seldom by …

…places (see below under ˚dhammā) Others are mentioned e.g. at DN.i.135, where it is said he gives food and seed-corn to the farmer, capital to…

state of being a king, kingship, sovereignty Ja.i.119 (anuttara-dhamma˚ being a most righteous king).

abstr. fr. rājā

…places (see below under ˚dhammā) Others are mentioned e.g. at DN.i.135, where it is said he gives food and seed-corn to the farmer, capital to…

1. heap, quantity, mass Iti.17; usually -˚, e.g. aṅgāra˚ heap of cinders Ja.i.107; kaṇikārapuppha˚ of k. flowers Vv-a.65; kahāpaṇa˚ of money Pv-a.162; tila˚ of seeds Vv-a.54; dhañña˚ of …

Rūhati¹

1. to grow, spread Iti.67; Ja.iv.408 (akkhīni rūhiṃsu; also ppr. med. ruyhamāna), Ja.v.368; Ja.vi.360.
2. to heal (of a wound), close up Vin.i.206 (vaṇo na rūhati).
3. to have e …

…“ye phassa-pañcamakā dhammā: idaṃ nāmaṃ yāni pañc’ indriyāni rūpāni: idaṃ rūpaṃ, tad ubhayaṃ nāmarūpaṃ…

…(attā); Dhs-a.304 (rūpino dhammā) Vb-a.511 sq. (attā). 2. (-˚) having the appearance of, resembling: see *rumma*˚.

fr….

lit. ascent, growth see *vi*˚
■ fig. what has grown by custom tradition, popular meaning of a word (˚sadda). The fig. meaning is the one usually found in Pāli, esp. in Abhidhamma and …

Sa¹

the letter s (sa-kāra) Snp-a.23; or the syllable sa Dhp-a.ii.6; Pv-a.280.

Sa²

base of the nom. of the demonstr. pron. that, he she. The form sg. m. * …

1. a hall, assembly-room DN.ii.274; AN.i.143; SN.i.176; Ja.i.119; Ja.i.157, Ja.i.204.
2. a public rest-house, hostelry Ja.i.302. dhamma˚ chapel Ja.vi.333.

• -gata = sabhaggata …

1. state (of mind), nature, condition Mil.90, Mil.212, Mil.360; Pv-a.39 (ummattaka˚), Pv-a.98 (santa˚), Pv-a.219.
2. character, disposition, behaviour Pv-a.13, Pv-a.35 (ullumpana˚), Pv-a.220 (lo …

the true dhamma, the best religion, good practice, the “doctrine of the good” (so Geiger, Pali Dhamma pp. 53, 54, q.v. for detailed discussion of the term) MN.i.46; SN.v.172 sq.; AN.i.69; AN.iii.7 …

one’s own religion or faith MN.i.523; Snp.1020; Bv.ii.6 = Ja.i.3.

sa⁴ + dhamma

co-religionist DN.ii.273.

sa² + dhamma + ika

Saha¹

indeclinable prep. & prefix, meaning: in conjunction with, together, accompanied by; immediately after (with instr.) Vin.i.38; Snp.49, Snp.928 Thig.414 = Thig.425; sahā Snp.231.

• • …

to send out, prepare, give, equip; to fit up, decorate: dānaṃ to give a donation Dhp-a.ii.88; pātheyyaṃ to prepare provisions Ja.iii.343; gehe to construct houses Ja.i.18; nāṭakāni to arrange …

Sakkhi¹

an eyewitness DN.ii.237 (nom. sg. sakkhī = with his own eyes, as an eyewitness); Snp.479, Snp.921, Snp.934 (sakkhi dhammaṃ adassi where the corresp. Sk. form would be sākṣād); Ja.i …

wanderer, recluse, religieux AN.i.67; DN.iii.16 DN.iii.95 sq., DN.iii.130 sq.; SN.i.45; Dhp.184; of a non-Buddhist (tāpasa) Ja.iii.390; an edifying etymology of the word Dhp-a.iii.84: “samita-pāpat …

constituent of Sambodhi (enlightenment), of which there are seven: sati, selfpossession; dhammavicaya, investigation of doctrine viriya, energy; pīti, joy; passaddhi, tranquillity samādhi, concentrati …

1. considered as MN.i.39; SN.ii.15; SN.iv.127; DN.iii.89 (dhamma˚); Vin.iv.161, Vin.iv.295
2. honoured, revered MN.ii.213; Ja.i.49; Ja.v.79; sādhusammata considered, revered, as good DN.i.47; SN.iv.39 …

origin, arising, genesis, coming to be, production Vin.ii.96; SN.iii.16 sq.; Iti.17; AN.iii.406 (dhamma˚); Ja.vi.223 (anilūpana-samuppāda, v. read ˚-samuppāta, “swift as the wind”); Vism.521 (sammā …

…for attaining kusalā dhammā AN.i.115; Mil.38; conducive to insight AN.iii.19, AN.iii.24 sq., AN.iii.200; SN.iv.80; to seeing heavenly…

adjective primeval, of old; for ever, eternal DN.ii.240, DN.ii.244; SN.i.189 (cp. K.S. i.321: porāṇaka santānaṃ vā paṇḍitānaṃ dhamma); Dhp-a.i.51.

for sanātana (cp. purātana); Idg. *seno = Gr. ε …

Santa¹

calmed, tranquil, peaceful, pure DN.i.12; Vin.i.4; SN.i.5; AN.ii.18; Snp.746; Pv.iv.1#34 (= upasanta-kilesa Pv-a.230); Mil.232, Mil.409; Vism.155 (˚anga; opp. oḷārik’anga); Dhp-a …

1. continuity, duration, subsistence Dhs.643; Ne.79; Mil.72, Mil.185 Vb-a.8, Vb-a.170, Vb-a.173; Vv-a.25; Vism.431, Vism.449. citta˚ continuity of consciousness Kv.458; cp. Cpd. 6, 153^{1</ …}

1. spreading, covering, floor(ing) SN.i.170; Vin.ii.120 (3 kinds of floors: iṭṭhakā˚, silā˚ dāru˚, i.e. of tiles, flags, wood); AN.i.136 (paṇṇa˚); Ja.vi.24 (id.); Ja.i.92; Pts.i.176.
2. (cp. paṭi˚) fr …

…DN.iii.252 (the 7 s˚-dhammā), DN.iii.274, DN.iii.276, DN.iii.283; AN.ii.217 sq., AN.ii.239; Dhs.259 = Dhs.1003; Vin.i.56; Dhp.54;…

Saraṇa¹

neuter shelter, house Snp.591; refuge, protection DN.iii.187; Snp.503; Ja.ii.28; DN-a.i.229; especially the three refuges—the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Brotherhood AN.i.56; DN.i …

…37 (see bodhipakkhiya-dhammā).

• -dina a week Mhvs.11, Mhvs.23.
• -pakaraṇika mastering the 7 books of the…

Savana¹

neuter

1. the ear Snp.1120; Mil.258.
2. hearing DN.i.153, DN.i.179; AN.i.121; SN.i.24; Vin.i.26; Snp.265, Snp.345; Dhp.182; Ja.i.160, Ja.i.250; Mil.257 Mnd.188. sussavanaṃ sāvesi …

saññāyo and saññā-e.g. MN.i.108)

1. sense, consciousness, perception, being the third khandha Vin.i.13; MN.i.300; SN.iii.3 sq.; Dhs.40 Dhs.58, Dhs.61, Dhs.113; Vb-a.42.
2. sense, perception, discer …

…Dhs.584, Dhs.1125, Dhs.1462; Dhs-a.49. Used as a noun, with dhammā understood Snp.363, Snp.375.

fr. saṃyojana

1. multitude, assemblage Mil.403 (kāka˚); Ja.i.52 (sakuṇa˚); Snp.589 (ñāti˚); Snp.680 (deva˚) DN.iii.23 (miga˚); Vv.5#5 (accharā˚ = samūha Vv-a.37) bhikkhu˚; an assembly of Buddhist priests AN.i.56 …

adjective noun

1. compiling, collection, making a recension Ja.i.1; Mil.369; Vv-a.169 (dhamma˚)
2. treating kindly, compassionate, kind (cp. sangaha 5) AN.iv.90; Ja.i.203; Ja.iii.262.
3. (m.) a char …

adjective connected with the proclamation; dhamma˚-therā the Elders gathered in the council for proclaiming the Doctrine Ja.v.56.

fr. sangāyati

1. a song, chorus, music Ja.i.32 (dibba˚); Ja.vi.528 (of birds).
2. proclamation (cp. sangara), rehearsal, general convocation of the Buddhist clergy in order to settle questions of doctrine and to fi …

Saṅkha¹

a shell conch; mother-of-pearl; a chank, commonly used as a trumpet DN.i.79; DN.ii.297 = MN.i.58; AN.ii.117; AN.iv.199; Vv.81#10; Ja.i.72; Ja.ii.110; Ja.vi.465, Ja.vi.580; Mil.21 …

adjective quick Ja.vi.323. Sankhiya-dhamma

saṃ + khippa

Saṅkhiyā-dhamma

form of talk, the trend of talk DN.i.2; DN-a.i.43. Cp. saṅkhyā.

…Pv-a.41 (bhijjana-dhammā). Of passages dealing with the sankhāras as aniccā vayadhammā, anattā, dukkhā etc. the foll. may be…

…named DN.i.163 (akusala˚ dhammā); DN.iii.65 DN.iii.133 = Vin.iii.46 (theyya˚ what is called theft); DN-a.i.313 (the sambodhi, by which is…

connected with training; s. dhamma rule of good breeding Vin.iv.185 sq.

fr. sekha

an army Vin.i.241; Vin.iv.104 sq. (where described as consisting of hatthī assā, rathā, pattī), Vin.iv.160; SN.i.112; AN.iii.397; AN.v.82; Ja.ii.94; Mil.4; Mnd.95 (Māra˚), Mnd.174 (id.).

• *-[gutta] …

Sota¹

neuter ear, the organ of hearing Vin.i.9, Vin.i.34; DN.i.21; Snp.345 (nom pl. sotā); Vism.444 (defined); Dhs.601; Dhs-a.310-dibba-sota the divine ear (cp. dibba-cakkhu) DN.i.79 D …

addicted to drink, intoxicated, a drunkard DN.ii.172; Ja.v.436, Ja.v.499; Mil.345; Vism.316 a-soṇḍa AN.iii.38; AN.iv.266; Ja.v.166; (fem. ī) itthisoṇḍī a woman addicted to drink Snp.112 (? better “ …

Su¹

indeclinable a part. of exclamation “shoo!”; usually repeated su su Ja.ii.250; Ja.vi.165 (of the hissing of a snake); Thag-a.110 (scaring somebody away), Thag-a.305 (sound of puffi …

…sq., Netti.239 (the four s. dhammā are indriyasaṁvara, tapasaṁkhāta puññadhamma, bojjhangabhāvanā and sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggasankhāta…

Sukka¹

planet, star Ud. 9 = Ne.150; (nt.) semen, sukkavisaṭṭhi emission of semen Vin.ii.38; Vin.iii.112; Vin.iv.30; Kv.163.

Vedic śukra; fr. śuc

Sukka²

adjective white, bri …

Sutta¹

asleep Vin.iii.117; Vin.v.205; DN.i.70; DN.ii.130; Dhp.47; Iti.41; Ja.v.328
■ (nt.) sleep DN.ii.95; MN.i.448; SN.iv.169. In phrase --pabuddha “awakened from sleep” referring t …

versed in the Suttantas. A suttantika bhikkhu is one who knows the Suttas (contrasted with vinayadhara who knows the rules of the Vinaya) Vin.ii.75 Cp. dhamma C1 & piṭaka
■ V …

adjective exalting, praising (i.e. the 4 truths), as much as “standard. Kern,

Toevoegselen

ii.64, takes it to mean “condensed, given in brief.” Usually in phrase -ikā dhammadesanā (thus as f. o …

…sārāṇīyā dhammā states of conciliation, fraternal living (Dial. iii.231) DN.iii.245; MN.i.322; MN.ii.250; AN.iii.288;…

…above a) are only called dhammā at AN.ii.253 sq.; AN.v.260; nor are they designated as sīla at AN.ii.221…

head, as adj - ˚; heading, with the head towards; uttarasīsaka head northwards DN.ii.137 pācīna˚ (of Māyā’s couch: eastward) Ja.i.50. heṭṭhāsīsaka head downwards Ja.iii.13; dhammasīsaka worshipping r …

Taccha¹

a carpenter, usually as ˚ka: otherwise only in cpd. -sūkara the carpenter-pig (= a boar, so called from felling trees), title & hero of Jātaka No. 492 (Ja.iv.342 sq.). Cp. vaḍḍ …

…atakkâvacarâ in phrase dhammā gambhīrā duddasā a˚ nipuṇā (views, etc.) deep, difficult to know, beyond logic (or sophistry: i.e. not…

…(tayas; su dhammā Snp.231, see Kp-a.188)
■ f. tisso (DN.i.143; AN.v.210; Iti.99)
■ nt. tīṇi (AN.i.138, etc.),…

…rooted in t. (dhammā: 9 items) Pts.i.26, Pts.i.130; Vb.390;

• -lepa cleaving to t. Cnd.271#iii; (+…

adjective noun consisting of 3, a triad SN.ii.218 (t
■ bhojana); Dhp-a.iv.89 (-nipāta, the book of the triads, a division of the Jātaka), Dhp-a.iv.108 (t
■ catukka-jhāna the 3 & the 4 jhānas); …

adjective having a beak; n. a pecker, fig. a tax-collector Ja.v.102 (= adhamma-bali-sādhaka Ja.v.103).

from tuṇḍi

shelter, protection refuge, esp. as tt. of shelter & peace offered by the Dhamma. Mostly in combⁿ with leṇa & saraṇa; (see [dīpa & abhaya;](/define/dīpa & abhaya;)), in var. contexts, esp …

rubbing the limbs, anointing the body with perfumes, shampooing DN.i.7, DN.i.76; at the latter passage in comb^n. anicc˚-dhamma, of the body, meaning “erosion, decay” and comb^{d.</sup …}

false doctrine Dpvs.v.19.

ud + dhamma

to point out, show, advise, specify Ja.v.457 (sippaṃ); Mil.21 (dhamma-maggaṃ)
pp upadiṭṭha (q.v.).

upa + disati

…AN.i.50 (dvinnaṃ dhammānaṃ upaññāsin)
fut upaññissati (& upaññassati; Snp.716) Snp.701, Snp.716 (= upaññayissati…

to go to (with acc.), come to, approach, undergo, attain DN.i.55 (paṭhavi-kāyaṃ an-upeti does not go into an earthly body), DN.i.180; MN.i.486 (na upeti, as answer: “does not meet the question”); SN …

At the time of the rise of Buddhism the word had come to mean the day preceding four stages of the moon’s waxing and waning, viz. 1^st, 8^th, 15^th 23^d nights …

to sound out or forth, to make sound Mil.21 (dhamma-sankhaṃ). Reading at DN.ii.337 is upaḷāseti in same meaning.

ud + pra + las, cp. Sk. samullāsayati in same meaning

adverb lit. “taking up”, i.e. subsisting on something else, not original, secondary derived (of rūpa form) Dhs.877, Dhs.960, Dhs.1210; Vism.275 Vism.444 (24 fold); Dhs-a.215, Dhs-a.299, Dhs-a.333, …

this word is beset with difficulties, the phrase satt-ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings, evidently the result of an original application & meaning having become obliterated satt˚ is taken as …

lifting up, raising, erecting, unfolding (of a flag or banner) AN.iv.41; Cnd.503 (dhamma-dhajassa).

fr. ussāpeti

lifted, raised, unfurled Mil.328 (dhamma-dhaja); Ja.ii.219.

pp. of ussāpeti, cp. ussādita

adjective “ut-most”, highest, greatest, best Snp.1054 (dhammaṃ uttamaṃ the highest ideal = Nibbāna for which seṭṭhan Snp.1064; cp. Cnd.317); Dhp.56; Mnd.211; Cnd.502 (in paraphrase of mahā comb^{d …}

Uttara¹

adjective

1. higher, high, superior, upper, only in compounds, Ja.ii.420 (musal˚ with the club on top of him? Cy not clear, perhaps to uttara²); see also below.
2. nort …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

1. (lit.)
   1. (good or proper) time, season: aruṇa-utu occasion or time of the sun(-rise) Dhp-a.i.165; utuṃ gaṇhāti to watch for the right time (in horoscopic practice), to prognosticate ibid. *s …

adjective great, eminent, excellent, superb, lofty, noble, rich
■ Dhammapāla at Vv-a.10–Vv-a.11 distinguishes 3 meanings: tīhi atthehi ūḷāraṃ paṇītaṃ (excellent), seṭṭhaṃ (best), mahantaṃ (great) …

…instr. vacasā Vin.ii.95 (dhammā bahussutā honti dhatā v. paricitā); Vin.iii.189; SN.i.12 (+ manasā); Snp.365, Snp.663, Snp.890 (= vacanena…

Vagga¹

1. a company, section group, party Vin.i.58 (du˚, ti˚), Vin.i.195 (dasa˚ a chapter of 10 bhikkhus).
2. a section or chapter of a canonical book Dhp-a.i.158 (eka-vagga-dvi-vagga- …

Vajja¹

neuter that which should be avoided, a fault, sin DN.ii.38; SN.i.221; Vin.ii.87 (thūla˚ a grave sin); AN.i.47, AN.i.98; AN.iv.140; Pts.i.122; Dhp.252; Vb-a.342 (syn. with dosa and …

Vara¹

adjective excellent, splendid, best, noble. As attribute it either precedes or follows the noun which it characterizes, e.g. -pañña of supreme wisdom Snp.391, Snp.1128 (= agga …

an outcaste; a low person, wretch; adj. vile, foul Vin.ii.221; Snp.116–Snp.136; Ja.iv.388; Snp-a.183, -f. vasalī outcaste wretched woman SN.i.160; Ja.iv.121, Ja.iv.375; Dhp-a.i.189; Dhp-a.iii.11 …

to move, go on, proceed to happen, take place, to be; to be in existence; to fare to do Snp.p.13 (parivesanā vattati distribution of food was in progress); Snp.654 (kammanā vattati loko keeps up, goes …

1. a bamboo Snp.38 (vaṃso visālo va; vaṃso explained at Cnd.556 as “veḷugumba,” at Snp-a.76 as “veḷu”), ibid. (˚kaḷīra) Ja.vi.57; Vism.255 (˚kaḷīra); Kp-a.50 (id.).
2. race lineage, family AN.ii.27 …

1. (cp. vediyati & vedanā) (joyful) feeling, religious feeling, enthusiasm awe, emotion, excitement (something like; saṃvega) DN.ii.210 (˚paṭilābha + somanassa-paṭilābha) MN.i.4 …

…comprehensible DN.i.12; (dhammā nipuṇā… paṇḍita-vedanīyā); DN.ii.36; MN.i.487; MN.ii.220; (b) to be experienced SN.iv.114…

full development, abundance, plenty, fullness DN.iii.70, DN.iii.221, DN.iii.285; SN.iii.53; AN.i.94 (āmisa˚, dhamma˚); AN.iii.8, AN.iii.404; AN.v.152 sq., AN.v.350 sq.; Mil.33, Mil.251; Vism.212 (sadd …

indeclinable

I.

1. inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat. dis- & Ger ver-. Often as base-prefix in var mean …

(lit.) to distribute, divide; (fig.) to distinguish, dissect, divide up, classify; to deal with something in detail, to go into details MN.iii.223; SN.ii.2, SN.ii.255 (vibhājeti) = MN.i.364 (reads vir …

distribution, division, distinction, classification Vin.i.359; Snp.600 (jāti classification of species; explained as jāti -vitthāra at Snp-a.464); Ja.iv.361 (+ vicaya; C. expl …

to go or move about in (loc.), to walk (a road = acc.), to wander Snp.444 (raṭṭhā raṭṭhaṃ vicarissaṃ, fut.), Snp.696 (dhamma-maggaṃ); Mnd.201, Mnd.263; Pv.iii.7#3 (aor. vicari); Dhp-a.i.66; Pv-a.4, …

search, investigation, examination SN.iii.96 (vicayaso, i.e. thoroughly); Pp.25; Mil.340 (dhamma˚); Ne.1, Ne.2, Ne.10; Dhs-a.147; Sdhp.466. For dhamma˚ see sambojjhanga.

fr. vi + *[ci](/define/ci …

(˚cināti)

1. to investigate, examine, discriminate SN.i.34 (yoniso vicine dhammaṃ); AN.iv.3 sq (id.); Snp.658, Snp.933; Tha-ap.42; Ja.vi.373; Mnd.398; Ne.10 Ne.22 (grd. vicetabba), Ne.25 sq.; Mil.29 …

adjective noun shattering, destruction (trs. & intrs.) undoing, making disappear; adj. destroying SN.iv.83; Mil.351 (kosajja˚); Ja.i.322; Ja.v.267 (adj.); Vism.85 (vikkhepa +); Vv-a.58, Vv-a.161 (a …

adjective clever, wise, knowing, skilled in (-˚) SN.i.62 (loka˚); SN.v.197; Vin.ii.241 (pl. paracittaviduno); Snp.677 (vidūhi), Snp.996; Ja.v.222 (dhamma˚) Vv.30#11 (= sappañña Vv-a.127); Mil.276; M …

to scold (intensely), to abuse Vin.ii.161 (dhammiṃ kathaṃ); Vin.iii.46; SN.i.30 (ariyadhammaṃ); Mil.227.

vi + garahati

…Mil.267

• -bhāgiyā (dhammā) (states) conducive to wisdom (6 kinds of saññā) AN.iii.334; cp. DN.iii.243; SN.v.395; AN.iv.52 sq. *…

adjective

1. scattering, dispersing; being scattered or dispersed DN.i.11 (cp. DN-a.i.96)
   ■ Vb.358 (T. reads vikī˚; variant reading vikāraṇa & vikkir˚) = Pp.23 (which reads nikaraṇā; trsl. “gui …

adjective turning away from, averted, neglectful Mhvs.22, Mhvs.80; Pv-a.3 (dhamma-saññā˚), Pv-a.269 (carita˚).

vi + mukha

freed, released, intellectually emancipated Vin.i.8; AN.iv.75, AN.iv.179, AN.iv.340; AN.v.29; DN.iii.97 DN.iii.100, DN.iii.133, DN.iii.258; SN.i.23, SN.i.35; SN.iii.13, SN.iii.53, SN.iii.137; Snp.354, …

…Vin.iii.3 (akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ vinayāya dhammaṃ desemi); SN.i.40; Snp.921; AN.i.91 (kodha˚, upanāha˚), AN.ii.34 (pipāsa˚);…

1. discrimination, distinction, thought, (firm) opinion thorough knowledge of (-˚) AN.iii.354 (pāpakamma˚) Snp.327 (dhamma˚), Snp.838 (= dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhi-vinicchayā Mnd.186), Snp.867 (˚ṃ kūrute; cp. …

change (for the worse), reverse, vicissitude DN.iii.216 (˚dukkhatā); MN.i.457 (see [as “disappointment”](/define/as “disappointment”)); SN.ii.274; SN.iii.8; SN.iv.7 sq., SN.iv.67 sq. AN.ii.177 (˚dhamm …

adjective free from defilement or passion, stainless, faultless Vin.i.294 (āgamma maggaṃ virajaṃ) Snp.139, Snp.520, Snp.636, Snp.1105 (see exegesis at Cnd.590); Pv.iii.3#6 (= vigata-raja, niddosa Pv\ …

…= Ne.188 (virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ); Dhs.163; Ne.16, Ne.29 Vism.290 (khaya˚ & accanta˚), Vism.293
■ Often nearly synonymous with;…

in meaning “fading away, waning” in verse at Iti.69 (of viññāṇa) is doubtful reading. It corresponds to virāgadhamma of the prose part (virāgudh˚ vv.ll.) The variant reading is pabhaṅguṇa (which mig …

growth MN.i.250; SN.iii.53; AN.iii.8, AN.iii.404 sq.; AN.v.152 sq., AN.v.161, AN.v.350 sq.; Iti.113; Mil.33 Mhvs.15, Mhvs.42; Vb-a.196
■ avirūḷhi-dhamma not liable to growth Snp.235; Dhp-a.i.24 …

Vissa¹

adjective all, every, entire; only in Np. Vissakamma. The word is antiquated in Pāli (for it sabba); a few cases in poetry are doubtful. Thus at Dhp.266 (dhamma), where Dhp-a.iii …

reflection, thought, thinking; “initial application” (Cpd. 282)
■ defined as “vitakkanaṃ vitakko, ūhanan ti vuttaṃ hoti” at Vism.142 (with simile on p. 143, comparing vitakka with vicāra kumbhakār …

dispute, quarrel, contention DN.i.236; DN.iii.246; AN.iv.401; Snp.596, Snp.863, Snp.877, Snp.912; Mnd.103, Mnd.167 Mnd.173, Mnd.260, Mnd.307; Pp.19, Pp.22; Ud.67; Ja.i.165; Mil.413; Vv-a.131. There a …

apperceived, (re)cognized, understood, cogitated (Cpd. 37), learned Snp.323 (˚dhamma, one who has recognized or understood the Dhamma); Vv.44#18 (= viññāta-sāsana-dhamma Vv-a.192); Ja.i.2 Sdhp.42 …

to become clean or clear, to be purified or cleansed AN.v.169 (fig. saddhammassa), AN.v.317 (id.; explained by C. as “vodānaṃ gacchati”); Ja.ii.418 (of a precious stone).

vi + ava + dā⁴ to clean

1. difference Snp.611.
2. constituent of being (i.e. the khandhas), usually as eka˚, catu˚ & pañca˚-bhava;, e.g. Kv.261; Vb.137 Tikp.32, Kp.36 sq.; Vism.572; Kp-a.245; Snp-a.19, Snp-a.158 In thi …

adjective (-˚) speaking (of), saying, asserting, talking; professing, holding a view or doctrine; arguing. Abs. only at AN.ii.138 (cattāro vādī four kinds of disputants); Snp.382 (ye vā pi c’aññe vād …

…vataṃ phala-samādhinā samāhitaṃ“), cp. bhāvanā-balena vāritattā dhammā etc. at Tikp. 14.

pp. of vāreti, Caus. of vṛ¹

…aṭṭha garudhammā paṭiggahitā tad eva sā upasampannā); Vb-a.387
■ yad-atthaṃ for what, why Thig.163….

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

female yakkha, a vampire. Their character is usually fierce & full of spite & vengeance, addicted to man- & beast-murder (cp. yakkha 2). They are very much like Petīs in habits. With their names cp. …

1. (adj.) double, twin; only in foll. combinations: -pāṭihāriya (& ˚hīra); the miracle of the double appearances, a miracle performed by the Buddha in Sāvatthī to refute the heretical teachers (cp. …

Yaso & Yasa

neuter glory, fame, repute success, high position. On term as used with ref. to the brahmin see Fick, Sociale Gliederung 128, 129. The prevailing idea of Dhammapāla is that yaso consist …

Yaso & Yasa

neuter glory, fame, repute success, high position. On term as used with ref. to the brahmin see Fick, Sociale Gliederung 128, 129. The prevailing idea of Dhammapāla is that yaso consist …

adverb as, like, in relation to, after (the manner of)
■ As prep. (with acc.): according (to some condition, norm or rule): yathā kāmaṃ (already Vedic) according to his desire …

1. a brahmanic sacrifice.
2. alms-giving charity, a gift to the Sangha or a bhikkhu.

The brahmanic ritual of Vedic times has been given a changed and deeper meaning. Buddhism has discarded the outwa …

…tasmiṃ samaye aññe pi dhammā; but cp. in § 1: yaṃ yaṃ vā pan’ ārabbha, in same sense.

not connected with yeva, but an adj….

…tasmiṃ samaye aññe pi dhammā; but cp. in § 1: yaṃ yaṃ vā pan’ ārabbha, in same sense.

not connected with yeva, but an adj….

lit. “yoking, or being yoked,” i.e. connection bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device

1. yoke, yoking (rare?) Ja.vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp. Ja.vi.209).
2. conn …

training, practice Ja.ii.165 (yoggaṃ karoti to practise); Ja.iv.269 (id.); Dhp-a.i.52 (lakkha-yoggaṃ karoti to practise shooting)
■ adj. (-˚) katayogga well-practised, trained SN.i.62, SN.i.98 …

…Kp-a.27 (nt.); Vism.149 (˚dhammā things fitting under one yoke, integral parts, constituents) -mattaṃ (adv.) “only the distance of a…

adjective (-˚) proper, fit (for); nt. what is proper, fitness: dhamma-yuttakaṃ katheti to speak righteous speech Ja.iv.356
■ Usually combined with a grd., seemingly pleonastically (like yutta), …

1. A (brahmanic) sacrifice, known otherwise as mahāyāga (or pl ˚yāgā), and consisting of the 4: assamedha, purisamedha sammāpāsa, vāja-peyya. Thus mentioned at SN.i.76 & Snp.3 …

1. going, proceeding Ja.vi.415 (+ ayāna, opposed to ṭhāna).
2. means of motion, carriage, vehicle. Different kinds of carriages are enumerated at Mnd.145 (on Snp.816) with hatthi˚; (elephant-), *g …

adjective sufficient (lit “just as much”; i.e. such as it is), sufficiently founded logical, consistent, exact, definite, true Cnd.275 (where tatha is explained by taccha, bhūta, yāthāva, aviparīta) D …

…terasa sanghādisesā dhammā, nava patham-āpattikā cattāro yāvatatiyakā, yesaṃ bhikkhu aññataraṃ vā aññataraṃ vā…

…SN.iii.84 yāvatā dhammā sankhatā vā asankhatā vā virāgo… aggam akkhāyati, yad-idaṃ mada-nimmadano… AN.ii.34 = Iti.88;…

1. a sacrificial post DN.i.141; AN.iv.41; Ja.iv.302; Ja.vi.211; Mil.21 (dhamma˚); Snp-a.321, Snp-a.322; DN-a.i.294.
2. a pāsāda, or palace Thag.163 = Ja.ii.334.

• -ussāpana …

relation, relative (= mātito pitito ca sambandhā Pv-a.25; = bandhū Pv-a.86; specialized as ˚sālohitā, see below). Pl. ñātayo (Pv.i.4#3; Kp-a.209 Kp-a.214) and ñātī (MN.ii.73; Kp-a.210, Kp-a.213 …

1. method, truth, system, later = logic: ˚gantha book on logic Dāvs iii.41.
2. fitness right manner, propriety, right conduct, often applied to the “right path” (ariyamagga = ariyañāya Vin.i.10) DN. …

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

adjective belonging to the specialised Dhamma, versed in or studying the Abhidhamma Mil.17, Mil.341; Vism.93. As abhi˚ at Kp-a.151; Ja.iv.219.

abhidhamma + ika

1. to practice, perform, indulge in Vin.i.56; Vin.ii.118; Snp.327 (ācare dhamma-sandosa-vādaṃ) Snp.401; Mil.171, Mil.257 (pāpaṃ). Cp. pp. ācarita in BSk e.g. Av. SN.i.124, SN.i.153, SN.i.213 in sa …

1. (m.) starting-point, beginning Snp.358 (acc. ādiṃ = kāraṇaṃ Snp-a.351); Dhp.375 (nom. ādi); Mil.10 (ādimhi); Ja.vi.567 (abl. ādito from the beginning). For use as nt. see below 2 b.
2. (adj & adv …

mirror Vin.ii.107; DN.i.7, DN.i.11 (˚pañha mirror-questioning, cp DN-a.i.97: “ādāse devataṃ otaretvā pañha-pucchanaṃ”), DN.i.80 DN.ii.93 (dhamna’-ādāsaṃ nāma dhamma-pariyāyaṃ desessāmi) SN.v.357 …

to beat, strike, press against, touch ppr. āhananto Mil.21 (dhamma-bheriṃ); Dāvs iv.50. ger. āhacca touching MN.i.493; Ja.i.330; Ja.vi.2, Ja.vi.200; Snp.716 = uppīḷetva Snp-a.498; Vism.420
pp …

1. to take, take up, take hold of, take out, take away MN.i.429 (sallaṃ); SN.i.121; SN.iii.123; Ja.i.40 (ger. āharitvā “with”), Ja.i.293 (te hattaṃ); Cnd.540#c (puttamaṃsaṃ, read āhāreyya?); Pv.ii.3#1 …

feeding, support, food, nutriment (lit & fig.). The term is used comprehensively and the usual enum^n. comprises four kinds of nutriment, viz.

1. kabaḷinkāra āhāro (bodily nutriment, either …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

1. originally raw meat; hence prevailing notion of “raw unprepared, uncultivated”; thus -khāra raw lye Vin.i.206.
2. “fleshy, of the flesh” (as opposed to mind or spirit), hence material, physical; …

praise i.e. that which is commendable, profit, merit, advantage good result, blessing in or from (c. loc.). There are five ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīla-sampadāya or blessings which accrue to the virtuous …

…with rata, e.g. dhammārāma dhammarata finding delight in the Dh.) SN.i.235 SN.iv.389 sq. (bhav˚, upādān˚); AN.i.35, AN.i.37,…

adjective noun returning, coming back, one who returns, in spec. meaning of one who comes back in transmigration, syn. with āgāmin (an˚), only in neg. anāvattin not returning, a …

1. stretch, extent, reach, compass, region; sphere, locus, place, spot; position, occasion (corresponding to Bdhgh’s definition at DN-a.i.124 as “samosaraṇa”) DN.iii.241, DN.iii.279 (vimutti˚); SN.ii …

adjective connected with life, bringing (long) life AN.iii.145 dhamma).

Sk. *āyuṣya

…Snp.486 (= deyyadhammānaṃ adhiṭṭhāna-bhūta Snp-a.412); Thag.566; Ja.vi.205 (˚vatthu worthy objact of sacrificial fees).

ā…

˚Ṭha

(˚ṭṭha) (adj. suffix) standing, as opposed to either lying down or moving; located, being based on, founded on (e.g. appa˚ based on little DN.i.143): see *kappa*˚ (lasting a k.) …

standing, i.e. (see ṭhāna I) either upright (opp nisinna, etc.), or immovable, or being, behaving in general. In the latter function often (with ger. pleonastic for finite verb (cp. …

the fact of standing or being founded on (-˚) SN.ii.25 = AN.i.286 (dhamma˚ + dhamma-niyāmatā).

state (as opposed to becoming), stability, steadfastness; duration, continuance, immobility; persistence, keeping up (of c. gen.); condition of (-˚) relation SN.ii.11; SN.iii.31; SN.iv.14 SN.iv.104, …

…(gatis): of sabbe khayadhammā (i.e. keci saggûpagā keci apāyûpagā) Ne.94 In combⁿ apucchi nipuṇe pañhe…

adjective standing, having a certain position, founded on or caused by (-˚) Vin.ii.194 (-nīca˚) AN.i.264 (chanda-rāga-dhamma˚). See also under tiṭṭhati.

grd. of tiṭṭhati