(usually ~ī)n. & masculine

1. (mfn.) doing, making, producing.
2. (n) the hand; the trunk of an elephant.

(~ī)n. & m. (& n.)

1. (mfn. and m.f.) doing, making; a maker, a worker.
2. (m. and n.) making; acting; act; an act of homage or service (esp. involving a gift).

prison; confinement.

1. (adj.) (-˚) producing, causing, forming, making, doing, e.g. anta˚ putting an end to; pabhaṃ causing splendour; pāpa˚ doing evil; divā˚ & divasa the day-maker, i.e. the sun; kaṇhabhāva˚ causing a …

…the gods“ Pv-a.6. -kāraka one who performs a religious duty DN.i.61 (= DN-a.i.170). 2. doing manner, way: yena…

confinement, captivity, jail, in -bhedaka cora a thief who has broken out of jail Vin.i.75.

cp. Sk. kārā

The river on whose banks was the Lonagiri (or Lena°) vihāra where lived the Thera Sabbaka (Sappaka). Thag.307–310

Here also, in a cave, dwelt the Thera Bhūta. Thag.518f.

This river was probably …

A banyan tree in Uruvelā, on the banks of the Nerañjara, near the Bodhi tree. A week after the Enlightenment the Buddha went there and spent a week cross-legged at the foot of the tree. There he met …

…confidant, the brahmin Vassakāra, to the Buddha to intimate to him his desire to make war on the Vajjians and to find out what prediction the…

A well-known paribbājaka who lived in the Paribbājakārāma on the banks of the River Sappinī near Rājagaha. He is mentioned as staying with the well-known paribbājakas, Varadhara and Sakuludāyi. …

An eminent wandering ascetic. He is mentioned as living in the Paribbājakārāma in the Moranivāpa in Veḷuvana near Rājagaha. He was probably one of the company who was with Sakuludāyi when the Buddha c …

First cousin of the Buddha and one of his most eminent disciples. He was the son of the Sākyan Amitodana and brother of Mahānāma. When members of other Sākyan families had joined the Order of their di …

A park about three miles from Kosambī SN.iii.126 where Khemaka stayed during his illness. Rāhula spent a whole night in the Buddha’s toilet at the Badarikārāma because he was unwilling to violate the …

…the Buddha addresses Ghaṭīkāra Brahmā as “Bhaggava”; he had been a potter of Vehaliṅga in his previous birth and the name…

Bālakaloṇakāra BākalonakārāgamaBālakalonakārāma

A locality near Kosambī.

When the monks of Kosambī started quarrelling, the Buddha left…

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

The Wheel Treasure that is one of the seven treasures of a Wheel Turning Monarch (cakkavatti). The Cakkaratana is the Cakkavatti’s chief symbol of office; on its appearance before him, he sprinkles …

A World ruler. The world itself means “Turner of the Wheel,” the Wheel (Cakka) being the well known Indian symbol of empire. More than one thousand sons are his; his dominions extend throughout the …

…the Saṅgha.

The Soṇadaṇḍa, the Dasuttara, the Kandaraka and the Kāraṇḍava Suttas were preached there.

25.25, 871town

Candana¹

A deva, vassal of the Four Regent Gods. DN.ii.258 He is mentioned as one of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in case of need. DN.iii.204 He once visited …

Citta¹

A householder of Macchikāsaṇḍa, where he was Treasurer. He was later declared by the Buddha to be pre-eminent among laymen who preached the Doctrine. AN.i.26

When Mahānāma visited …

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

DaṇḍakīraññaDandakārañña

The forest which overgrew Kaliṅga when it was laid waste through the wickedness of King Dandakī….

A pool near Kosambī. Close by was the Pilakkhaguhā and the Paribbājakārāma, where Ānanda once visited Sandaka and held a discussion with him. MN.i.513

25.321684,81.3180543lake

…king’s permission. Vassakāra, hearing of this, reported the matter to Bimbisāra, who sent for Dhaniya. Dhaniya maintained that the king, by…

A Koliyan, inhabitant of Kakkarapatta. There he visited the Buddha and asked for a teaching which would bring happiness both in this world and the next. The Buddha explained to him the four conditions …

Nephew of Bandhula, commander-in-chief of Pasenadi. After Bandhula’s death, Dīgha was appointed in his place and accompanied the king. Once, during their travels, they came to Nangaraka and, hearing …

A wanderer. He visited the Buddha at Sūkarakhatalena and the Buddha preached to him the Dīghanakha Sutta, at the end of which he became a sotāpanna. In the sutta he is addressed as Aggivessana. MN.i.497f.

…his confidence in Ghaṭīkāra’s piety. Once, when Ghaṭīkāra was absent, the people, at the Buddha’s suggestion, took away the thatch…

…AN.iii.368 and Vassakāra. AN.iv.18 DN.ii.72

Several well-known suttas were preached on Gijjhakūṭa—e.g., the Māgha, Dhammika and…

…after having eaten there at the invitation of Sunidha and Vassakāra. Vin.i.230 Ud.viii.6 DN.ii.89

Pāṭaliputta2building

…Kaṇṇamuṇḍā, Rathakāra, Chaddantā, Kuṇālā, Mandākinī and Sīhappapātaka; these lakes are never heated by the sun. AN.iv.101 The…

IccānaṅgalaIcchānaṅkala

A brahmin village in the Kosala country. It was while staying in the woodland thicket there that the Buddha preached the Ambaṭṭha Sutta. DN.i.87 From this sutta, the village w …

…SN.iii.66f.

• the Rathakāra or Pacetana Sutta AN.i.110f.
• the two Pāsa Suttas SN.i.105f.
• the Samaya Sutta AN.iii.320ff.
• the…

JetavanaJeta’s GroveAnāthapiṇḍaka’s ParkAnāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmaAnāthapiṇḍada’s Park

A park in Sāvatthī, in which was built the Anāthapiṇḍikārāma. When the Buddha accepted Anāthapiṇḍika’s invitation to …

…of Kassapa Buddha. Ghaṭīkāra was his friend and invited Jotipāla to accompany him to the Buddha, but Jotipāla refused to go, saying that a…

A wanderer who, with his friend Mandissa, visited the Buddha at the Ghositārāma. DN.i.159 The Buddha preached to them the Jāliya Sutta. According to the Pātika Sutta, when Jāliya heard that Pātika cou …

A township of the Koliyans. It was while the Buddha was staying there that the Koliyan Dīghajāṇu came to see him. AN.iv.281

27.51557,83.773493town

A Yakkha, mentioned in the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta as being one of the chief Yakkhas who should be invoked by followers of the Buddha when they need protection. DN.iii.204

…friendship, which Ghaṭīkāra seemed too modest to mention. SN.i.34f.

The Majjhima Nikāya MN.ii.45f. gives details of the earnestness…

KassapakārāmaKassapārāma

A monastery in Rājagaha, probably near Veḷuvana. It was here that Assaji stayed during his last illness, when the Buddha visited him to comfort him. SN.iii.125

25.01281,85.3 …

King of Mithilā. He was the son of Nimi and belonged to the Makhādeva dynasty. Whereas other kings of his race left the household at the approach of old age, he broke the tradition by not doing so. He …

…birth. He is mentioned with six others, all in like circumstances, by Ghaṭīkāra, on the occasion of a visit he paid to the Buddha. SN.i.35…

An arahant. Once, when he lay very ill at the Badarikārāmā, near Kosambī, some monks, staying at the Ghositārāma, sent one of their number, Dāsaka, with a message to Khemaka, inquiring whether he mana …

The capital of King Khemaṅkara and the birthplace of Kakusandha. DN.ii.7

4town

Khemaṅkara¹Khemaṅkura

The constant attendant of Sikhī Buddha. DN.ii.6

Khemaṅkara²KhemaKhemākara

The king of Khema or Khemavatī, where the Buddha Kakusandha was born. DN.ii.7

…the Buddha described Ghaṭīkāra’s virtues, the king was pleased and sent five hundred cartloads of provisions to Ghaṭīkāra who, however,…

…through Bālakaloṇakāragāma and the Pācīnavaṃsadāya, retired alone to keep retreat in the Pārileyyaka forest. In the meantime the…

One of the republican clans in the time of the Buddha. The Koḷiyā owned two chief settlements—one at Rāmagāma and the other at Devadaha.

Attached probably to the Koliyan central authorities, was a sp …

kārambhīKāranvī

A wood in which the Elder Cittaka sojourned for some time. Thag.22

4park

…to him his minister Vassakāra. The Buddha predicted DN.ii.72ff. that as long as the Licchavis remained united they were proof against any…

Lohicca¹

A brahmin of Makkarakata in Avanti. Once when Mahā Kaccāna was living there in a forest hut, a number of Lohicca’s pupils came there and began abusing the monks, calling them shav …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that, thrusting aside grasses with his chest, he will seek seclusion. Thag.27

According to the Lomasakaṅgiya Bhaddekaratta Sutta, MN.iii.199f. Candana visited Lom …

MahākaccāyanaKaccāyanaMahākaccānaKaccāna

One of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered chief among expounders in full of the brief saying of the Buddha. AN.i.23 Several suttas illustrat …

…Sutta SN.v.158 and the Vassakāra Sutta. AN.ii.35f.

Bāvarī had three Mahāpurisalakkhaṇā; he could touch his forehead with his tongue, he…

…four suns appear in the world. These seven lakes are Anotattā, Sīhapapātā, Rathakāra, Kappamundā, Kuṇālā, Chaddantā and Mandākinī….

A locality in Avanti. Mahā Kaccāna once stayed there in a forest hut and was visited by Lohicca and his pupils. SN.iv.116f.

Avanti3town

Chief queen of Pasenadi, king of Kosala.

Mallika’s knowledge of the Dhamma made her wiser than Pasenadi would have desired, and he once, in a moment of great affection, asked if anyone were dearer to …

Mallikāya ārāmaMallikārāma

A park in Sāvatthī belonging to Queen Mallikā. DN.i.178 MN.ii.22

27.50735, 82.074733park

The name of a people and their country.

The country is included in the sixteen Great Nations of the Buddha’s time. The kingdom, at that time, was divided into two parts, having their respective capit …

MedāḷupaMedatalumpa

A Sākyan village three leagues from Nagaraka. MN.ii.119 Pasenadi when staying there with Dīgha Kārāyana, heard that the Buddha was there and visited him. On this occasion was prea …

A grove in Veḷuvana at Rājagaha. It contained a Paribbājakārāma, the resort of recluses of various denominations. The Udumbarika Sīhanāda, the Mahā Sakuladāyi and the Culla Sakūladāyi Suttas were prea …

Nagaraka Naṅgaraka

A Sākyan township near Medatalumpa. From there Pasenadi, accompanied by Dīgha-Kārāyana, paid his last visit to the Buddha, as recorded in the Dhammacetiya Sutta. MN.ii.118

The Bu …

Nigrodha¹

A wanderer. Once, when he was staying with a large number of colleagues at the Udumbarikārāma near Rājagaha, Sandhāna, on his way to see the Buddha, stopped him and entered into …

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

A king, ancestor of the Sākyas and the Kolians.

In the Ambaṭṭha Sutta DN.i.92 it is stated that Okkāka, being fond of his queen and wishing to transfer the kingdom to her son, banished from the kingd …

A little boy Yakkha. While his mother, with him on her hip, was seeking for food at night, she came unexpectedly to Jetavana where Anuruddha was reciting some verses. The sound pleased her and she sto …

Nephew and pupil of Bāvarī. At the time that he visited the Buddha with the other disciples he was 120 years old and very feeble. At the end of his discussion with the Buddha, as recorded in the Piṅgi …

…conversation between him and Kāraṇapālī. The latter meets Piṅgiyānī and, on learning that he was returning from a visit to the Buddha, asks…

A wanderer. A discussion between him and the Buddha on samādhi and on the soul, which took place in Mallikārāma in Sāvatthī, is reported in the Poṭṭhapāda Sutta. Poṭṭhapāda, accepting the Buddha’s v …

…passing through Bālaklonakāragāma and Pācīnavaṃsadāya, went to Pārileyyaka, where he stayed at the foot of Bhaddasāla in the…

…ministers, Sunīdha and Vassakāra, were engaged in building fortifications there in order to repel the Vajjīs. The Buddha prophesied the future…

A naked ascetic of Vesāli who went about claiming to have greater mystic powers than the Buddha, and thereby much impressed Sunakkhatta. Pātikaputta had prophesied that, after death, the Licchavi gene …

Revata¹Khadiravaniya

An eminent disciple of the Buddha, declared by him foremost among forest dwellers. AN.i.24

His Theragāthā verses appear under two names. As Khadiravaniya he admonishe …

RāhulaRāhulabhadda

Only son of Gotama Buddha. When the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu for the first time after his Enlightenment and accepted Suddhodana’s invitation, Rāhula’s mother sent the boy to the …

…and sent his minister, Vassakāra, to the Buddha at Gijjhakūṭa, to find out what his chances of success were. DN.ii.72

After the Buddha’s…

RāmagāmakaRāmagāma

A Koliyan village on the banks of the Ganges. Its inhabitants claimed and obtained a share of the Buddha’s relics, over which they erected a thūpa. DN.ii.167

26.146795,84.098271town

SabbakaSappaka

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of his joy in living on the banks of the Ajakaraṇī, practising meditation. Thag.307–310.

SakkharaSakkāra

A township of the Sākyans where the Buddha once stayed with Ānanda. SN.v.2 It was not far from Rājagaha and was the residence of…

A famous Paribbājaka. The Mahā-Sakuladāyī and the Culla Sakuladāyī Suttas record two conversations between him and the Buddha in the Paribbājakārāma at Moranivāpa in Rājagaha.

He is also said to hav …

Samiddhi

Once, while he was at Silāvati musing on his good fortune as a monk, Māra tried to terrify him. Samiddhi told the Buddha of this, but the Buddha asked him to stay on where he was. He obeyed, …

A Paribbājaka who joined the Order and soon after left it. He then went about proclaiming in Rājagaha that he knew the Dhamma and Vinaya of the Sakyaputta monks, and that was why he had left their Ord …

SikhīArindama

A Buddha of a past age.DN.ii.7 DN.iii.195f. SN.ii.9

• He was born in the Nisabha pleasance in Aruṇavatī.
• His father was the khattiya Aruṇa and his mother Pabhāvatī.
• His wife wa …

SippinikātīraSappinīSappinīkā

A river that flowed through Rājagaha. On its bank was a Paribbājakārāma where famous Paribbājakas lived in the Buddha’s time. AN.i.185 AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 SN.i.153

Rājagaha3river

Sudhamma¹

He lived in Macchikāsaṇḍa, in a monastery (the Ambātakārāma) provided by Citta. Citta used to invite Sudhamma to his house for meals. One day Sāriputta, at the head of several em …

She was the daughter of King Koñca of Mantāvatī. Her Therīgāthā verses, of which she has the greatest number of any of the nuns, speak of the emptiness of the home life and the advantages of going for …

SumāgadhāSumāgavā

A lotus pond near Rājagaha. The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions the Buddha as relating the story of a man who went to Sumāgadhā with the thought, “I will speculate about the world.” He saw …

…of Māgadha, who, with Vassakāra, was in charge of the fortifications of Pāṭaligāma, built in order to repel the Vajjīs. These two are always…

A town in Kosala. It was regarded in the Buddha’s time as one of the six great cities of India, the others being Campā, Rājagaha, Sāvatthī, Kosambī and Benares. DN.ii.146 In the Vinaya Vin.i.253 howev …

…Pasenadimhi Kosale nipaccakāram abhivādanam paccupatthānam añjalikammam sāmīcikammam); cf. Sn.vs 422, where the Buddha describes his…

SūkarakhaSūkarakhataSūkarakhatala

A cave on the side of Gijjhakūṭa, where the Buddha stayed. There he preached the Dīghanakha Sutta to Dīghanakha. Sāriputta was also present, and the sutta led to his …

TindukkhānuTindukkhānuparibbājakārāma

A dwelling of wanderers near Vesāli. It was the residence of Pāthikaputta. DN.iii.17

near Vesāli3non-Buddhist monastery

…dead. Vin.i.7

In the Vassakāra Sutta of the Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.ii.180 it is mentioned that King Eḷeyya, together with his bodyguard,…

…addresses him as “salt-worker’s boy” (loṇakārakadāraka). AN.ii.182

…Gopaka-Moggallāna Sutta, between Ānanda and Vassakāra. MN.iii.13

A householder of Campā, a devout and skilled follower of the Buddha. Once, when on his way to see the Buddha at Gaggarā Lake, he found he had arrived too early and went into the Paribbājakārāma near b …

A noted wanderer in the time of the Buddha. He lived with Annabhāra, Sakuludāyī and others in the Paribbājakārāma, on the banks of the Sappinikā, AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 and again in the Moranivāpa in Rāja …

…who is present. Vassakāra asks Ānanda where he lives, and is told, in Veḷuvana. Vassakāra thinks this a good place for the practice of…

…township where lived Ghaṭīkāra, friend of Jotipāla. SN.i.34 SN.i.60

The township was in Kosala, and once, during his long stay in Kosala, the…

…made of Ugga, Piṅgiyāni, Kāraṇapālī, Sīha, Vāseṭṭha, AN.iv.258 and the various Licchavis.

Vesāli was a stronghold of the…

One of the nine aṅgas, into which the Dhamma was organized by way of literary style. It means “Answer” or “Explanation” and refers to discourses elaborated by way of question and answer.

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

szándék, akarat, indíttatás

akarás, óhaj, szándék

élelem

figyelem

ellenérzés, rosszakarat

végsőkig hatoló, átható-, mélyreható tudatműködés

(or ~ā f.) continuous training

the settling of a case or dispute

1. subject of discussion or attention; case, legal question; dispute (in the saṅgha, to be formally dealt with).
2. cause.

one who causes disputes or lawsuits

(a method) of settling a case or dispute

disputatious.

service, help; act of merit.

1. the (false) conception of one’s individuality; pride, conceit.
2. the theory of self-creation

devoted to the theory of self-creation

the not doing, not making; abstention

1. not to be done or made; not to be dealt with; what is not to be done.
2. (mfn.) with nothing to do

(-ikā)n.

1. who is not an agent; who is not the perpetrator; innocent.
2. who performs no service; of no use

absence of a cause or (a valid) reason; not a cause; not the case

ornament, decoration; the act of decorating; improvement.

giving sight; awakening

blinding; confusing

1. (m.n.) darkness; blackness.
2. (mfn.) dark, obscuring; obscured.

or masculine dark; or darkness.

(& ~a mfn.?) pitch darkness:

without having consent

putting an end (to, gen.)

(~ī)n. causing obstacles; preventing

gradual training.

considered action; action undertaken after scrutiny

legal question or case concerning support, or concerning a faction, or a legal question or case arising from censure or criticism

hospitality

action by oneself; a personal service

(the place for) dealing with lawsuits; seat of judgment, courtroom

stuffing the cheeks full; so as to make the cheeks swell.

leftovers or surplus from a meal.

dish for the left overs or surplus

worthy of respectful salutations

(the place for) dealing with lawsuits; seats of judgment, courtroom

one of the parties in a lawsuit

the “wheel treasure” of the cakkavatti(n)

(~ī)n. producing sight or insight.

leather worker; a shoe maker.

indeclinable making the sound “capucapu”

painter; decorator.

painter.

which adorns or improves (makes fit?)

adornment or improvement (making fit?) and equipping of thinking?

respect; consideration.

time for making or working on robes.

an artisan in ivory; an ivory-worker.

net on a stick; a kind of snare.

water-vessel.

threshing floor.

( ~ā, ī)n., n

1. (mfn.) weakening.
2. (n.f.) the weakening (of)

(what is) hard to do; difficult to perform or practice; (it is) hard, a difficult thing.

who does what is hard to do.

, compar. harder to do; more difficult.

of poor appearance; with poor characteristics.

slaves and servants.

answerable; to be answered with certainty, or with an absolute affirmation

delight in solitude

(the art of) causing or aiding conception.

house-builder, a mason, a carpenter.

inducing respect.

(an act of) respect, veneration.

appropriate for householders.

indeclinable sticking out the tongue.

(of food) solid, material; (food) to be swallowed

(of food) solid, material; (food) to be swallowed

1. sometime or other; once in a while; (in a question) ever.
2. only once in a while, rarely; hardly ever, if at all

(-ikā)n. & m. feminine bringing about contention; quarrelsome; a party to a quarrel

of excellent speech, having a fine speaking voice

~ī, feminine doing work; a worker; a hired laborer or servant

~ī, feminine working; a servant; a laborer

(one) who or which is competent to enact an official act of the saṅgha

torture, torment, pain; punishment

torture, torment, pain; punishment

one who makes something lawful or acceptable (for bhikkhus or bhikkhunīs, or for other ascetics, e.g. by offering to them things without an owner or by using money to provide robes); one who acts …

ring-pull or wheel (used for drawing water)

body produced by action, the physical body

(a servant or slave) brought home as a captive (in war).

sweet voiced bird, prob. the indian cuckoo bird

sweet voiced bird, prob. the indian cuckoo bird

speaking sweetly as a karavīka bird

speaking sweetly as a karavīka bird

“oleander leaf”, a kind of arrowhead.

handful.

the act of making, doing, effecting; enacting.

to be done or made; to be dealt with; what is to be done, what should be done; business, affair; duty; need

covered box or basket (of bamboo); (according to commentaries) the slough of a snake.

1. a covered box or basket.
2. an enclosure.

kaṇikara flower.

making the noise “khulukhulu)”; so as to make a rattling noise.

,

1. (mfn. and n.) (what is) to be done or made; business, affair; duty, service; purpose, need; something to be done, that must be done; job, task.
2. (n.) see kiccādhikaraṇa

doing what should be done, doing one’s duty; serving a purpose, useful

duty to be performed, business to be done; various duties or affairs

legal case or matter to be dealt with involving or connected with a formal act (of the saṅgha)

duty, any duty at all

kiṃ kārapaṭissāvi(n)

mfn. ready for any action required; agreeing to all (requests for) service

kiṃ kārapaṭissāvi(n)

mfn. ready for any action required; agreeing to all (requests for) service

for what reason? why?

for what reason? why?

silkworm.

silk weaver.

potter

potter

potter’s pot

potter’s hearth or kiln

(the power of) fulfilling the desires (of anyone); (the power of) acting as one likes

(the power of) fulfilling the desires (of (the power of) fulfilling one’s desires, acting as one likes

(the power of) fulfilling the desires (of anyone); (the power of) acting as one likes

on account of desire, in consequence of desire

(one) who breaks out of confinement; a jail-breaker

1. (one) who makes or does or produces; the actor (in an action); the perpetrator (of a crime).
2. (one) who performs a service; a servant; a benefactor.

the saṅgha which performs a formal act; the enacting saṅgha

who does acts of homage or service

causes to do or make, causes to perform or carry out or suffer; has (something) done or made; deals with (with an act of the saṅgha); administers, supervises (the working of); occupies a position (o …

action; proper action; special action, task, feat.

chaff; sweepings.

kāraṇā¹

abl. because of; for the sake of (+gen. or ifc)

kāraṇā²

feminine torture, pain; punishment.

(from kāranā2) a torturer; an executioner.

having something made or done; dealing with (with an act of the saṅgha)

cause to make or do; has (something) made or done

cause to make or do; has (something) made or done

caused to be made or done

nasal-dropper.

or mfn. of naṅgala (a place) where there has been plowing (?)

legal question or case which has been settled.

without motive; disinterested

humbleness; obedience; respect.

requiring (formally acquired) supervision, requiring a mentor.

of various kinds.

of various kinds.

difference; distinction; separation.

producing a support, making for protection.

degradation, demeaning.

causes to give an opportunity; obtains consent; gains permission (esp. to speak)

one who oppresses (others); a bully (?)

following advice; obeying instructions

having something (still) to do

takkara¹

mfn (one) who does that, who follows that.

takkara²

masculine (m.) a thief.

curtain; a screen.

the other side of a fence or wall; ~am (and ~ā), through a fence; to the other side of a fence; ~e, over the fence; on the other side of the fence.

“a ford maker”, founder of a religious order.

“a covering of grass”, one of the seven adhikaraṇasamatha (method of setting a case or dispute)

useful object; means, instrument, implement; requisite.

who is a help; helping; useful; beneficial.

arrow maker, a fletcher

uttari-karaṇīya

neuter something further to be done; a further task

(~ī)n. producing knowledge or understanding.

who is the first to perform a particular action

1. form, appearance; external characteristic, sign, gesture; expression; deceptive appearance, pretense.
2. mode; sort; aspect; way, manner.
3. cause, reason.
4. dividing up, detailing; definition.

having a form; having a cause; grounded

having a form; having a cause; grounded

light-giving, illuminitating

making it into lumps; tearing of bits.

the feat of immovability (or a trained elephant)

the feat of immovability (or a trained elephant)

legal case or dispute concerning an offense

as a consequence of guarding or holding fast

…is explained by ‘means’ kārana it is said: The abhibhāyatana through their counteracting may master and suppress their adverse opposite…

Advertence: Directing of mind to the object: āvajjana is one of the functions of consciousness viññāna-kicca. Cf. manasikāra

[[answering questions]]Answering questions: 4 ways of: see: pañhā-byākarana

Attention: see: manasikāra

…the foundation or condition kārana of existence bhava, as the sine, qua of life, having the nature of a process, lit. a flux or stream…

…are found there, the materiality group being absent. Cf. pañca-vokāra-bhava, eka-vokāra-bhava App.: vokāra.

…jīvita directing manasikāra Cf. Tab. II, III.

With regard to kammical intention i.e. advantageous or disadvantageous kamma it is said in A….

…as they possess only the materiality-group. Cf. catu-vokāra-bhava pañca-vokāra-bhava.

[[five-group existence]]Five-group existence: pañca-vokāra-bhava

[[four-group existence]]Four-group existence: catu-vokāra-bhava

…phassa directing manasikāra M. 9; S. XII, 2. For the basic 7 mental phenomena inseparably associated with every state of consciousness, see:…

…world of unconscious beings asaññā - satta only the one materiality group. Cf eka-vokāra-bhava and catu - pañca - vokāra -…

Pañhā-byākarana: ‘answering questions’.;There are, o Bhikkhus, 4 ways of answering questions: there are questions requiring a direct answer; questions requiring an explanation; questions to be an …

Āhāra: ‘nutriment’, ‘food’, is used in the concrete sense as material food and as such it belongs to derived materiality see: khandha Summary I. In the figurative sense, as ‘foundation’ or susta …

…in Gr. ἐκεϊ, Lat. equidem, enim.

A-⁴

the sound a (a-kāra) Ja.vi.328, Ja.vi.552; Vv-a.279, Vv-a.307, Vv-a.311.

to sprinkle over, to rinse (with water) DN.ii.172 (cakkaratanaṃ; neither with Morris J.P.T.S. 1886, 131 “give up”, nor with trsl. of Ja.ii.311 “roll along”); Ja.v.390; Pv-a.75. Cp. abbhokkirati.

a …

1. the foetus in the 1^st & 2^nd months after conception the 2^nd of the five prenatal stages of development, viz kalala, abbuda, pesi, ghana, pasākha Mnd.120; Mil.40 V …

…SN.ii.228 (lābhasakkāra-silokena); AN.i.202 (pāpakehi dhammehi); Ja.i.189; Pv-a.14, Pv-a.41 (= pareta), Pv-a.60 (= upagata),…

strenuousness, exertion, strong endeavour Ja.vi.373 (viriyakaraṇa C.).

abhi + jīhanā of jeh to open ones mouth

…offender), MN.i.446 (˚kāraṇa continuous practice); Snp.335 (˚saṃvāsa continuous living together); Ja.i.190; Pp.32; Dhp-a.ii.239;…

adjective out of time, viz.

1. irregular, extraordinary Ja.vi.549, Ja.vi.553.
2. urgent, pressing MN.i.149 (karaṇiyan business), MN.ii.112; Ja.i.338; Ja.v.17 ˚ṃ (nt.) hurry Dhp-a.i.18. See also acce …

adjective not well thought of Mil.229.

a + citta² + kata; cp. cittikāra

…to“ i.e. commissioned; ˚kāra commission; ˚gacchati “to go on to & reach it” = obtain; ˚gama attainment; ˚gaṇhāti to overtake =…

…ahetunā, at Ja.vi.316 by akāraṇena -samuppanna arisen without a cause, spontaneous unconditioned DN.i.28 = Ud.69; DN.iii.33, DN.iii.138;…

…Vin.ii.261.

• -kāraka one who causes dispute discussions or dissent Vin.iv.230 (f. ˚ikā); AN.iii.252. *…

one who has to do with the settling of disputes or questions, a judge AN.v.164, AN.v.167.

fr. adhikaraṇa

smith’s anvil Ja.iii.285; Dāvs iii.16 sq.; Dhs-a.263.

to adhikaraṇa 1, orig. meaning “serving, that which serves, i.e. instrument”

…cp. Pv.ii.9#27); Dhp-a.ii.41.

cp. Sk. adhikāra

adjective (-˚) serving as, referring to Vin.iii.274 (Bdhgh).

to adhikāra

…uppatitvā khādanti taṃkāraṇā a. vuccanti“; Ud.72 (expl^d. by C. as salabhā).

from adhipatati = Sk. atipatati, to fly past,…

…= Ja.iv.476.

• -kāraka a valuator Ja.i.124.
• -pada valuableness Ja.v.473 (˚lakkhaṇaṃ nāma…

Agha¹

neuter evil, grief, pain, suffering, misfortune SN.i.22; MN.i.500 (roga gaṇḍa salla agha); AN.ii.128 (id.); Ja.v.100; Thig.491; Sdhp.51
■ adj. painful, bringing pain Ja.vi.507 (a …

sort of wild animal Ja.vi.247 (= aghāvaha miga), Ja.vi.507 (= aghakara). Cp. BSk. agharika Divy.475.

to agha¹?

…-kāra selfishness, egotism, arrogance (see also mamaṃkāra) MN.iii.18, MN.iii.32; SN.ii.253;…

large snake (rock-snake?), Boa Constrictor Ja.vi.507; Mil.23, Mil.303, Mil.364, Mil.406; Dhp-a.iii.60. Also as ajakara at Ja.iii.484 (cp. Trenckner, Notes p. 64).

aja + gara = …

…(of medicine) Mil.151.

a + kicca + kāra

Akkha¹

the axle of a wheel DN.ii.96; SN.v.6; AN.i.112; Ja.i.109, Ja.i.192; Ja.v.155 (akkhassa phalakaṃ yathā; C.: suvaṇṇaphalakaṃ viya, i.e. shiny, like the polished surface of an axle …

doing up, fitting out, ornamentation Ja.i.60.

alaṃ + karaṇa, fr. alankaroti

adjective adorning, embellishing, decorating Dhp-a.i.410.

fr. alankaraṇa

to make much of i.e. to adorn, embellish, decorate Ja.i.60; Ja.iii.189; Ja.vi.368). ger. -karitvā Dhp-a.i.410; Pv-a.74
pp alaṅkata
caus alaṅkārāpeti to cause to be ado …

“getting up” i.e. fitting out, ornament, decoration; esp. trinkets, ornaments DN.iii.190; AN.iii.239; AN.iii.263 sq.; Ja.vi.368; Pv-a.23 Pv-a.46, Pv-a.70 (-˚ adj. adorned with), Pv-a.74; Sdhp.249 …

1. friend, companion, fellow-worker, helper, esp one who gives his advice, a bosom-friend Iti.73; Ja.vi.512 (sahajātā amaccā); Pv.ii.6#20 (a ˚-paricārikā well-advising friends as company or around …

…C.); Pv.iv.1#34 (= mamaṃkāravirahita Pv-a.230); Mhvs.1, Mhvs.66, comb^d. with nirāsa (free from longing), at…

…+ gambhīra).

• -kāra blindness (lit. fig), darkness, dullness, bewilderment Vin.i.16; DN.ii.12; AN.i.56; AN.ii.54;…

Anta¹

1. end, finish, goal SN.iv.368 (of Nibbāna); Snp.467; Ja.ii.159. antaṃ karoti to make an end (of) Snp.283, Snp.512; Dhp.275, cp. antakara, ˚kiriyā
   ■ loc. ante at the end of, …

…kappa (q.v.) DN.i.54.

• -kāraṇa a cause of impediment, hindrance, obstacle Pp-a.231
• -cakka “the…

Antarāya¹

obstacle, hindrance, impediment to (-˚); prevention, bar danger, accident to (-). There are 10 dangers (to or from) enumerated at Vin.i.112, Vin.i.169 etc., viz. *rāja˚, cora˚ …

imitation Dpvs.v.39.

cp. anukaroti

…& anupubbi˚ (q.v.)

• -kāraṇa gradual performance, graded practice MN.i.446
• -nirodha…

disputing, quarrelling(?) Vin.ii.88 (under anuvādâdhikaraṇa).

anu + saṃ + pavankatā; is reading correct?

(-˚) adjective following, striving after, acting in accordance with, living up to or after Freq. in formula dhammānusārin saddhānusārin living in conformity with the Norm & the Faith DN.iii.254; MN …

…Ja.iii.426; Pp.49.

• -kāra a thorough investigation, examination, test Vin.i.236 (here spelt anuvijja) = MN.i.379 (=…

1. blaming, censure, admonition Vin.ii.5 Vin.ii.32; AN.ii.121 (atta˚, para˚); Vb.376.
2. in comb^n. vādānuvāda: talk and lesser or additional talk, i.e. “small talk” (see *[anu](/define/an …

honour, respect, esteem, reverence Thag.589; Ja.i.220 Ja.ii.435; Ja.iii.82; Ja.iv.308; Ja.vi.88; Mil.180, Mil.234 (˚ṃ karoti), Mil.377 (pūjana +); Snp-a.332 (˚karaṇa). Cp. apacāyana.

Vedic apaciti …

honouring, honour, worship, reverence Ja.i.220; Ja.v.326; DN-a.i.256 (˚kamma); Vv-a.24 (˚ṃ karoti = añjalikaṃ karoti); Pv-a.104 (˚kara, adj.), Pv-a.128 (+ paricariya).

abstr. fr. apa + cāy, w …

adjective honouring, paying homage, revering Snp.325 (vaddha˚ = vaddhānaṃ apaciti karaṇena Snp-a.332) = Dhp.109; Ja.i.47, Ja.i.132, Ja.i.201 Ja.ii.299; Ja.v.325; Mil.206; Sdhp.549.

fr. *apacāya; cp …

…at Thig.447 (q.v.)
pp apakata (q.v.). Cp. apakāra.

apa + karoti, cp. Sk. apakaroti & apakṛta in same meaning

to throw away, remove Snp.281 (variant reading BB & Snp-a ava˚; expl^d. by niddhamati & nikkaḍḍhati Snp-a.311)
ger apakassa Sn.ii.198 = Mil.389. See also *[apakāsat …

Apakāra & ˚ka

injury, mischief; one who injures or offends Dhp-a.iii.63; Sdhp.283.

cf. Sk. apakāra & apakaroti

Apakāra & ˚ka

injury, mischief; one who injures or offends Dhp-a.iii.63; Sdhp.283.

cf. Sk. apakāra & apakaroti

Apekkhā & Apekhā

feminine attention, regard, affection for (loc.); desire longing for (c. loc.) SN.i.77; SN.iii.132; SN.v.409 (mātā-pitusu) Vin.iv.214; Snp.38 (= vuccati taṇhā etc. Cnd.65; = taṇhā s …

Apekkhā & Apekhā

feminine attention, regard, affection for (loc.); desire longing for (c. loc.) SN.i.77; SN.iii.132; SN.v.409 (mātā-pitusu) Vin.iv.214; Snp.38 (= vuccati taṇhā etc. Cnd.65; = taṇhā s …

…not of natural form, of bad appearance, ugly, deformed Ja.v.69 (= sarīrappakāra-rahita dussaṇṭhāna C.). Cp. apākatika.

a + pakāra

adjective not in proper or natural shape, out of order, disturbed Dhp-a.ii.7. Cp. appakāra.

a + pākata + ika

adjective noun Before Buddhism used as honorific title of high officials like the English ʻHis Worship’; at the rise of Buddhism applied popularly to all ascetics (Dial. iii.3–⁠6). Adopted by the Bu …

…as asabbhi˚; e.g.

• -kāraṇa a low or sinful act Mil.280.
• -rūpa low, common Ja.vi.386 (=…

…as asabbhi˚; e.g.

• -kāraṇa a low or sinful act Mil.280.
• -rūpa low, common Ja.vi.386 (=…

…(?) SN.ii.229 (= lābha-sakkāra-silokassa adhivacana); DN.iii.44, DN.iii.47. Asantasam & anto;

Vedic aśani in same meaning; with Sk. aśri…

to taste SN.ii.227 (lābha-sakkārasilokaṃ); Vism.73 (paviveka-sukha-rasaṃ); Dhp-a.i.318.

Denom. fr. assāda

…of iva) = ativiya Ja.i.61, Ja.i.263; Dhp-a.ii.71 (a. upakāra of great service); Pv-a.22, Pv-a.56, Pv-a.139.

Sk. atīva

…-kāra individual self, fixed individuality oneself (cp. ahaṃkāra) DN.i.53 (opp. para˚); AN.iii.337 (id.)…

…(devatā atthakāminī)

• -kāraṇā ablative for the sake of gain DN.iii.186
• -kusala clever in finding out what is good or profitable…

…in need of food); Pv.iv.1#1 (kāraṇ˚), Pv.iv.1#21 (khiḍḍ˚ for play), Pv.iv.1#63 (puññ˚); Pv-a.95 (sasena a. wanting a rabbit),…

…okappanā, okassati, okāra, okantati, okkamati ogacchati, odāta* and others may be used as examples The difference in many cases has given…

to come to, approach, visit (cp. Vedic avagacchati) Pv-a.87. Avaganda (-karaka)

ava + gacchati

Avagaṇḍa (-kāraka)

adjective “making a swelling”, i.e. puffing out the cheeks, stuffing the cheeks full (when eating); only nt. -ṃ as…

Avagaṇḍa (-kāraka)

adjective “making a swelling”, i.e. puffing out the cheeks, stuffing the cheeks full (when eating); only nt. -ṃ as…

…throw away; only in der, avakāra & avakārin.; pp. avakata (q.v.)
■ See also avākaroti & cp. avakirati 2.

Sk….

throwing away, refuse, sweepings; only in cpd. -pātī a bowl for refuse, slop basin, ash-bin Vin.i.157, Vin.i.352; Vin.ii.216; MN.i.207; Dhp-a.i.305.

Sk. avaskara faeces, fr. avaṃ + karoti

adverb throwing away, scattering about Vin.ii.214.

fr. avakāra

adjective (-˚) despising, degrading, neglecting Vb.393 sq. (an˚). Avakasa & okasa;

fr. avakāra

…+); Dhp-a.iv.153 (gloss adhosira)
■ On avaṃ˚ cp further avakkāra, avākaroti, avekkhipati.

Vedic avāk & avāṃ

…reading ayo˚).

• -kāra a worker in iron Mil.331.
• -kūṭa = ayo˚ Ja.i.108; Dhp-a.ii.69…

…reading ayo˚).

• -kāra a worker in iron Mil.331.
• -kūṭa = ayo˚ Ja.i.108; Dhp-a.ii.69…

extending, stretching forth, gesture of lifting up the hands as a token of reverence (cp. E. to “tender” one’s respect), putting the ten fingers together and raising them to the head (Vv-a.7: dasanak …

adverb elsewhere, somewhere else Ja.v.252; Pv.iv.1#62. In comp^n. also añña˚, e.g. aññatra-yoga (adj.) following another discipline DN.i.187; MN.i.487
■ As prep. c. abl. (and instr.) but …

Aḍḍha¹

(& addha) one half, half; usually in comp^n. (see below), like diyaḍḍha 1 1/2 (˚sata 150) Pv-a.155 (see as to meaning Stede, Peta Vatthu p. 107). Note. aḍḍha is nev …

…4; DN-a.i.281 explains tena kāra ṇena). In a special sense striking (abnormal) sign or mark on the body DN.i.9, from which a prophesy is made (:…

charcoal, burning coal, embers AN.iii.97, AN.iii.380, AN.iii.407; Ja.i.73; Ja.iii.54, Ja.iii.55; Ja.v.488; Snp.668; Sdhp.32. kul˚; the charcoal of the family, a squanderer SN.iv.324 (see under *[kul …

charcoal-burner Ja.vi.206 (= angāra-kammakara Ja.vi.209).

Aṅka¹

= anga, sign, mark, brand Mil.79; -karana branding Ja.iv.366, Ja.iv.375. See also anketi.

Aṅka²

1. a hook Ja.v.322 Ja.vi.218 (variant reading BB anga)
2. the lap (i.e. …

…AN.iii.116; DN-a.i.237. -kāra (a) favour Dāvs iv.39 (b) doing much, of great service very helpful MN.i.43, MN.i.170;…

…(sevati +) Vb-a.291; -kāra zealous exercise, practice MN.iii.25 sq (tab-bahulī˚ to this end).

rare in Epic Sanskrit; when found, diff….

…Mhvs.25, Mhvs.29.

• -(k)kāra application of force, violence Ja.i.476; Ja.ii.421; Ja.iii.447 instr. ˚ena by force Pv-a.68, Pv-a.113. *…

…reading valli˚).

• -kāraka offering oblations Ja.i.384.
• -ṅkatā one who offers (the five oblations AN.ii.68. *…

…bhusa = Sk buśa
■ bha-kāra the sound (or ending) -bha, which at Vin.iv.7 is given as implying contempt or abuse among other low terms…

luck, lot, fortune, only in cpd. dub˚; (adj.) unhappy, unpleasant uncomfortable Iti.90; DN-a.i.96 (˚karaṇa)
■ bhaga (in verse “bhagehi ca vibhattavā” in exegesis of word “Bhaga …

…at the one passage where it occurs, which happens to be in the Kumbhakāra-jātaka, v. 6, 7. i.e. the “Jātaka of the potter”

…passage is alluded to at Vv-a.231 by remark “bhāgyavantat’ ādīhi catūhi kāraṇehi Bhagavā.”

fr. bhagga², cp. Sk. & P….

superciliousness Snp.485. Ja.iii.99; Vism.26 (˚karaṇa); Snp-a.412. Der. bhākuṭika (q.v.). See also bhūkuṭi.

cp. Epic Sk. bhrakuṭi from older bhṛkuti, bhru …

…matthake); Ja.iv.6 (kumbha-kāra-cakkaṃ iva bh.); Ja.v.478
pp bhanta
caus bhameti to make whirl Vism.142…

ashes SN.i.169 = Cnd.576 (loc bhasmani); Vv.84#44; Ja.iii.426; Vism.469 (in comparison).

• -antāhuti (bhasm’ ant’ āhuti) “whose sacrifice ends in ashes” DN.i.55 (so read for bhassant˚, according t …

ashes SN.i.169 = Cnd.576 (loc bhasmani); Vv.84#44; Ja.iii.426; Vism.469 (in comparison).

• -antāhuti (bhasm’ ant’ āhuti) “whose sacrifice ends in ashes” DN.i.55 (so read for bhassant˚, according t …

…tiracchāna-kathā).

• -kāraka one who makes talk, i.e. invites disputation or one who gossips Vin.i.1; Mnd.142; f. *…

…Dhp-a.i.244.

• -kāraka one who prepares the meal or food, a cook, butler Ja.i.150 sq.; Ja.v.296; Ja.vi.349;…

to become, to be, exist, behave etc. (cp. Cnd.474 sambhavati jāyati nibbattati pātu-bhavati)

I. Forms

There are two bases used side by side, viz bhav˚; and (contracted) ho˚; the latte …

1. breaking, rending, breach, disunion, dissension Vism.64 sq. (contrasted with ānisaṃsa), Vism.572 sq (with ref. to upādāna & bhava); Vb-a.185 (id.); Sdhp.66, Sdhp.457, Sdhp.463
   ■ mithu˚; bre …

…(kaṇṇā bhijjan’ ākāra-pattā); Thag-a.43 (bhijjana-sabhāva of perishable nature; explⁿ of bhidura Thig.35); Pv-a.41…

…(?) Bv.i.35 (+ sādhu kāra).

?

Bhiṅkāra³

a bird: Lanius caerulescens Ja.v.416.

cp. Sk. bhṛnga bee, bhṛngaka &…

one making a barking sound, barker, i.e. dog Ja.vi.345 (= bhunkaraṇa C.).

intens-redupl. of bhukk = bukk, to bark: see bhukka & cp. Sk. bukkati, bukkana

adjective barking, n a barker, i.e. dog; only in redupl. intens. formation bho-bhu-kka (cp. E. bow-wow), lit. bhu-bhu-maker (: kka fr. kṛ;?) Ja.vi.354 (C.: bhun-karaṇa). See also *[bhussati] …

…Dhp-a.i.346.

fr….

adjective noun making “bhu,” i.e. bow-wow, barking Ja.vi.355 (˚sunakha) variant reading bhu-bhukka-sadda-karaṇa.

bhu + kṛ; see bhukka

adjective knitting the eyebrows, frowning, only in redupl. cpd. bhākuṭika- bhākuṭiko frowning continually, supercilious Vin.ii.11 = Vin.iii.181 (manda-mando +); Cnd.342 (korajika-korajiko +) Vi …

producing, dwelling on something, putting one’s thoughts to, application, developing by means of thought or meditation, cultivation by mind, culture
■ See on term Dhs translation 261 (= ² …

…adorn“ etc. Explained at Dhtp. 315, 623 by “alaṅkāra“

…-vikāra a natural blemish fault of growth, deformity Snp-a.189 (opp. nibbikāra) -vijjā…

Brāhmaṇa¹

a member of the Brahman caste; a Br teacher. In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure, sinless & ascetic life, often even syn. with arahant
■ On brāhmaṇas …

…Buddhahood Ja.i.20. -kāraka = ˚kara Mhbv.9. -kāla the time of a B. Vism.91 (Buddhakālo viya…

the eye (nom. sg. cakkhuṃ) Vin.i.34; SN.i.115; MN.iii.134 etc.)

I. The eye as organ of sense

1. psychologically cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā “seeing visible object (shape with the eye” (Nd ii.on …

…-kāra a worker in leather a tanner Vin.iv.7; Mil.331; a harness-maker Ja.v.45 a waggon-builder and general artisan…

(or capucapu) a sound made when smacking one’s lips Vin.ii.214 (capucapukāraka adj.), Vin.ii.221; Vin.iv.197.

Caṇḍāla¹

a man of a certain low tribe, one of the low classes, an outcaste; grouped with others under nīcā kulā (low born clans) as caṇḍālā nesādā veṇā rathakārā pukkusā at AN.i.107 = AN.i …

…usually with sādhukāra Ja.i.54; Ja.ii.253; Ja.iii.285; Ja.v.67; Dhp-a.ii.43; Snp-a.ii.225; Vv-a.132, Vv-a.140; *…

…c. citta phassa manasikāra in def. of nāmakāya (opp. rūpakāya) SN.ii.3 (without citta), Pts.i.183 (do.); Ne.77, Ne.78
■ enumerated…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

to spit out, to vomit, throw away; abandon, leave reject Vin.214 sq.; Vin.iv.265; MN.i.207; SN.i.169 (chaṭṭehi wrongly for chaḍḍehi) = Snp.p.15; Ja.i.61, Ja.i.254, Ja.i.265, Ja.i.292 Ja.v.427; Pp.33; …

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

to cut off, to destroy, to remove, both lit. (bandhanaṃ, pāsaṃ, pasibbakaṃ, jīvaṃ, gīvaṃ, sīsaṃ hatthapāde, etc.) and fig. (taṇhaṃ, mohaṃ, āsavā saṃyojanāni, vicikicchaṃ, vanathaṃ, etc.) Freq. in …

…a painter Ja.vi.481; -kāra a painter, a decorator (cp. rajaka) SN.ii.101 = SN.iii.152; Thig.256; Ja.vi.333…

respect, consideration Vv-a.178 (garu˚), Vv-a.242; Pv-a.26; Vb.371 (a˚); Vism.123 (cittī˚), Vism.188.

see citti

an artist who works in ivory Ja.vi.261 (Com: dantakāra); Mil.331.

turner Ja.vi.339.

gold Vv-a.12, Vv-a.13, Vv-a.166.

Deriv. unknown. Sk. cāmīkara

pleasant, polite in -kammatā politeness, flattery Mil.370 (cp. Sk. cāṭukāra); cāṭu-kamyatā Vb.246; Vism.17, Vism.23, Vism.27; Kp-a.236.

cp. cāru

…Pv-a.73 Pv-a.145

• -kāra (-samaya) (the time of sewing the robes Vin.iii.256f.
• -kāla (-samaya) the right time for accepting…

…to answer Ja.i.279; sādhukāraṃ to applaud Ja.i.223; paṭiññaṃ to promise Pv-a.76
■ to offer, to allow: maggaṃ i.e. to make…

…Vv-a.63;

• -kāra an artisan in ivory ivory-worker DN.i.78; Ja.i.320; Mil.331; Vism.336
• -kūta tooth of a…

pin of tooth or ivory; makara˚; the tooth of a sword-fish Vin.ii.113, Vin.ii.117; Vin.iv.47. See details under makara.

…Dhp.137 (= das. dukkha-kāraṇānaṃ, enumerated v. Dhp.138, Dhp.139) “afflicted with one of the 10 plagues” cp. Dhp-a.iii.70.
…

…Pv-a.72 often as -ākāra -dassana: Pv-a.26 (dātabba˚), Pv-a.27 (thomana˚), Pv-a.35 (kata˚) & in; dassanatthaṃ in order to…

…blow Ja.iii.83;

• -pākāra (etc.) strongly fortified SN.iv.194
• -bhattin firmly devoted to somebody Dhs-a.350.

Sk….

Daḷhī˚

in kāya-daḷhī-bahula strong in body athletic Vin.ii.76, cp. Com. on p. 313; Ja.iii.310; Ja.iv.219 daḷhīkaraṇa steadiness, perseverance Snp-a.290 (+ ādhāraṇatā), Snp-a.398 (id). In compoun …

ra; (on ṇ: l cp. guṇa: guḷa etc.) to *del as in Sk. dala, dalati. Cp. Lat. dolare to cut, split, work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.δαίδαλον work of art; Mhg. zelge twig; zol a stick Possibly also …

…SN.iv.331; Vv.34#19 (= kāraṇena ñāyena vā Vv-a); Pv.ii.9#30 (= yutten’ eva kāraṇena Pv-a.125 as just punishment); Pv.iv.16#9 (=…

…AN.iii.94; Pv-a.154;

• -kāra a bow maker Mil.331
• -kārika Name of a tree Ja.v.420;
• -kārin =…

…nt. a receptacle Dhp.58 (sankāra˚ dust-heap = ṭhāna Dhp-a.i.445). f. dhānī a seat (= ṭhāna), in rāja˚; “the king’s seat,” a…

…AN.i.25;

• -paṇṇākāra (dasavidha˚) the (tenfold) heavenly gift (viz. āyu, vaṇṇa etc.: see…

1. heaven Ja.iv.134 (˚ṃ agā); Ja.v.123 (˚ṃ patta); Pv-a.74 (˚ṃ gata)
2. day Snp.507 (rattindivaṃ night day); Vv-a.247 (rattindiva one night & one day, i.e. 24 hrs.); Dhp-a.ii.8 (divā-divassa so ea …

nt. only in expression satta divasāni 7 days or a week Ja.iv.139; Mil.15) a day AN.i.206 (˚ṃ atināmeti); Ja.iii.52 (uposatha˚); Pv-a.31 (yāva sattadivasā a week long), Pv-a.74 (sattamo divaso) Usu …

adverb by day SN.i.183; MN.i.125; Dhp.387; DN-a.i.251; Pv-a.43, Pv-a.142, Pv-a.206 (= divasa-bhāge) Often combined & contrasted with rattiṃ (or ratto) by night; e.g. divārattiṃ by day & by ni …

unruliness indocility, bad conduct, fractiousness SN.ii.204 sq (˚karaṇā dhammā); MN.i.95 (id. specified); AN.ii.147 AN.iii.178; Ne.40, Ne.127.

contamination of Sk. *daurvacasya evil speech & *daurv …

Du˚¹

(& before vowels dur˚) indeclinable

1. syllable of exclamation (= duḥ “bad, woe” (beginning the word du (j)-jīvitaṃ) Dhp-a.ii.6, Dhp-a.ii.10 = Pv-a.280, cp. Ja.iii.47; Bdhgh’s …

…MN.i.460 MN.ii.10;

• -kāraṇa labour or trials to be undergone as punishment Dhp-a.iii.70 (see Dhp.138, Dhp.139 & cp….

Dussa¹

neuter woven material, cloth, turban cloth; (upper) garment, clothes Vin.i.290 Vin.ii.128, Vin.ii.174; Vin.iv.159. DN.i.103; SN.v.71; MN.i.215; MN.ii.92; AN.v.347; Snp.679; Pv.i.10# …

…(32) Kp ii. (˚ākāra the 32 constituents of the body) Dhp-a.ii.88; Vv-a.39 etc.; dvācattālīsa (42) Cnd.15 Vism.82;…

…AN.iv.246

• -ādhikāra supervision or charge of alms-distributing. Pv-a.124 (cp. Pv.ii.9#27)
• -ānisaṁsa praise of generosity…

…(= kurūrin), Pv-a.221 (˚kāraṇa); Sdhp.5, Sdhp.78, Sdhp.286.

Ved. dāruṇa, to dāru (“strong as a tree”), cp. Gr. δροόν =…

slave, often combined w. f. dāsī. Def. by Bdhgh as “antojāto” (DN-a.i.300), or as “antojātadhanakkīta-karamarânīta-sāmaṃ dāsabyaṃ upagatānaṃ aññataro” (ibid. DN-a.i.168)
■ In phrase *dāsā ca kam …

Dīpa¹

a lamp Ja.ii.104 (˚ṃ jāleti to light a l.); Dhp-a.ii.49 (id.), Dhp-a.ii.94 (id.)

• -acci the flame of a lamp Thag-a.154;
• -āloka light of …

Dīpaka¹

(= dīpa¹)

1. f. dīpikā a lamp, in daṇḍa˚ a torch Dhp-a.i.220, Dhp-a.i.399, -
2. (˚-) an image of, having the appearance of, sham etc.; in *-[kakkara](/define/kak …

adjective noun masculine one. Eka follows the pron. declension i.e. nom. pl. is eke (e.g. Snp.43, Snp.294, Snp.780 etc.)

1. “one” as number, either with or without contrast to two or more; often al …

1. interior, cavity (loc. gabbhe in the midst of: angāra˚ Ja.iii.55); an inner room, private chamber, bedroom, cell. Of a Vihāra Vin.ii.303; Vin.iii.119; Vin.iv.45; Vv-a.188; Vv-a.220
   ■ Ja.i.90 …

…life; Com. geha).

• -kāraka a house-builder, metaph. of taṇhā (cp. kāya as geha) Dhp.153, Dhp.154 = Thag.183,…

the throat Ja.i.216, Ja.i.264 Ja.iii.26; Ja.iv.494; Ja.i.194 (a dewlap); Pv-a.11, Pv-a.104.

• -agga the top of the throat Sdhp.379;
• -ajjhoharaniya able to be swallowed (of s …

…away Dhp-a.ii.81.

• -kāraṇa a reason for or a means to going, in ˚ṃ karoti to try to go Ja.i.2; *…

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

Ganthati & Gantheti

1. to tie, knot, bind, fasten together: kathaṃ mittāni ganthati “how does he bind friends” SN.i.214; Snp.185; mālaṃ ganthamāna tying a garland Vv.38#1 (ganthento Vv-a.173). Of m …

Ganthati & Gantheti

1. to tie, knot, bind, fasten together: kathaṃ mittāni ganthati “how does he bind friends” SN.i.214; Snp.185; mālaṃ ganthamāna tying a garland Vv.38#1 (ganthento Vv-a.173). Of m …

…esteem Pv-a.9
■ garukāra (sakkāra g. mānana vandana esteem, honour, regard Pp.19 = Dhs.1121
■ See also guru.

*…

˚Gavesaka

adjective from next looking for, seeking Ja.i.176 (kāraṇa˚); Ja.ii.3 (aguṇa˚).

adjective = gayha one who is to be taken (prisoner), in ˚niyyamāna id. SN.i.143 = Ja.iii.361 (expl. as karamaragāhaṃ gahetvā niyyamāna; cp. karamara).

dwelling, hut, house the household Ja.i.145, Ja.i.266, Ja.i.290; Ja.ii.18, Ja.ii.103, Ja.ii.110, Ja.ii.155 Ja.vi.367; Vism.593; Pv-a.22, Pv-a.62, Pv-a.73, Pv-a.82; fig. of kāya (body) Thag.184 = D …

certain style of Buddhist literature consisting of mixed prose & verse It is only found in the ster. enum of the Scriptures in their ninefold division, beginning suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ See under; …

Ghara¹

(nt.; pl. ˚ā Dhp.241, Dhp.302) a house AN.ii.68; Snp.43 (gahaṭṭhā gharaṃ āvasantā), Snp.337 (abl gharā), Snp.889 (id. gharamhā); Ja.i.290 (id. gharato), Ja.iv.2, Ja.iv.364, Ja.iv.49 …

…Bdhgh);

• -kāra a potter Dhp-a.i.380; Np. of a kumbhakāra SN.i.35, SN.i.60; MN.ii.45 sq (= ˚suttanta, mentioned as such at…

adjective like a cluster; in phrase massuṃ golomikaṃ kārāpeti “to have the beard trimmed into a ball-or cluster-shape Vin.ii.134. Bdhgh’s explⁿ “like a goat’s beard” (cp Vin. Texts ii …

Guḷa¹

to make into a ball, to conglomerate. Cp Sk. glauḥ ball; Gr. γλουτός; Ohg. chliuwa; Ger. kugel kloss; E. clot, cleat; also *gel with same meaning Sk. gulma tumour, gilāyu glandula …

1. (n.) seizing, seizure, grip (cp. gaha): canda˚ suriya˚ an eclipse (lit. the moon, etc., being seized by a demon) DN.i.10 (= DN-a.i.95: Rāhu candaṃ gaṇhāti). Esp. applied to the sphere of the mind …

collection of houses, a hamlet (cp. Ger. gemeinde), a habitable place (opp. arañña: gāme vā yadi vâraññe Snp.119), a parish or village having boundaries & distinct from the surrounding country (gāmo c …

…Snp.1084; Snp-a.416 (ha-kāra); Pv-a.4 (ha re), Pv-a.58 (gloss for su).

freq. in Rigveda, as gha or ha,…

…hand-cart Vin.ii.276. -vikāra motion of the hand Ja.iv.491. -sāra hand-wealth, movable property…

…SN.v.43; Ja.i.94

• -pākāra “elephant-wall,” wall of the upper storey with figures of elephants in relief Mhvs.33,…

violence.

only as lexicogr. word; Dhtp.101 = balakkāra

…(? for which suvaṇṇakāra!), banker, money-changer Vism.515 = Vb-a.91; Ja.i.369; Ja.iii.193; DN-a.i.315; Mil.331 (goldsmith?).

*…

…(? for which suvaṇṇakāra!), banker, money-changer Vism.515 = Vb-a.91; Ja.i.369; Ja.iii.193; DN-a.i.315; Mil.331 (goldsmith?).

*…

…meaning, e.g. hetu paccaya kāraṇa Cnd.617 (s. v. sankhā); mūla h. nidāna sambhava pabhava samuṭṭhāna āhāra ārammaṇa paccaya…

Err:509

adjective useful, suitable, beneficial, friendly AN.i.58, AN.i.155 sq.; AN.ii.191; DN.iii.211 sq.; Dhp.163-(m.) a friend, benefactor Mhvs.3, Mhvs.37
■ (nt.) benefit blessing, good Vin.i.4; Snp.233; …

indeclinable an exclamation of surprise or wonder Ja.vi.529 (C. hin ti kāraṇaṃ).

hiṃ = hi, + kāra, i.e. the syllable “hiṃ”

…Vism.96. Cp. haṃ huṅkāra growling, grumbling Vism.105. huṅkaroti to grumble Dhp-a.i.173. huṅkaraṇa = ˚kāra Dhp-a.i.173 sq…

1. that which may be taken; grasping, taking; grasp, handful, booty. In cpd. -hārin taking all that can be taken, rapacious, ravaging Ja.vi.581 (of an army; Kern,

   Toevoegselen

   i.133 wro …

laughter; mirth, joy Dhp.146; DN-a.i.228 = Snp-a.155 (“āmeṇḍita”); Ja.i.33 Ja.ii.82; Ja.v.112; Mil.390. See also ahāsa.

• -kara giving pleasure, causing joy Mi …

in i-kāra the letter or sound i Snp-a.12 (˚lopa), Snp-a.508 (id.).

Iti (ti)

indeclinable emphatic deictic particle “thus”. Occurs in both forms iti & ti, the former in higher style (poetry), the latter more familiar in conversational prose. The function of “iti” is …

…distinguished fr silāpakāra & dāru˚); Ja.iii.435, Ja.iii.446 (pākār iṭṭhikā read ˚aṭṭhakā); Ja.v.213 (rattiṭṭhikā);…

…distinguished fr silāpakāra & dāru˚); Ja.iii.435, Ja.iii.446 (pākār iṭṭhikā read ˚aṭṭhakā); Ja.v.213 (rattiṭṭhikā);…

…pasāda˚ Mhvs.i.4 (= ˚kāraka); a species of karma Vism.601; Cpd. 144 (A.i). 2. n. f -ikā genetrix, mother Ja.i.16; Dhs.1059≈(where…

…filum…

Jāni¹

feminine deprivation, loss, confiscation of property; plundering, robbery; using force, ill-treatment DN.i.135 = AN.i.201 (vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā); SN.i.66 (hatajānisu), J …

…material for the suvaṇṇakāra (the “white”-smith as opp. to “black”-smith)
■ combined w. hirañña Pv.ii.7#5; very freq. w….

…Veṇa, Nesāda, Rathakāra & Pukkusa; and ukkaṭṭhā j. (superior birth), comprising Khattiyas Brāhmaṇas
■ The var. meanings…

Jīva¹

adjective noun

1. the soul. Sabbe jīvā all the souls, enumerated with sattā pāṇā bhūta in the dialect used by the followers of Gosāla DN.i.53 (= DN-a.i.161 jīvasaññī). “taṃ jīvaṃ t …

…DN-a.i.120. Written kabalīkāra nearly always in Burmese, and sometimes in Singh MSS.; s. also Ne.114–Ne.118.

• -āhāra-bhakkha (of…

…Ja.vi.410 -karaṇa making poems DN-a.i.95; and -kāra a poet Kh.21; Ja.vi.410.

cp. Sk. kāvya

see *kacci*˚.

kind of large shrub, the Caesalpina Digyna Ja.vi.535 (should we write with BB kacchi˚?).

indeclinable interr. adv. when? (very often foll. by fut.) Thag.1091–Thag.1106; Ja.ii.212; Ja.vi.46); Dhp-a.i.33; Pv-a.2
■ combined with-ssu Ja.v.103, Ja.v.215; Ja.vi.49 sq -ci [ …

jungle cock used as a decoy Ja.ii.162 purāṇa˚, Ja.ii.161; cp. dīpaka¹ & see Kern,

Toevoegselen

p. 118 K˚-Jātaka, N˚ 209.

onomat, cp. Sk. kṛkavāku cock, Gr. κέρκας, κερκίς, Lat. querqu …

roughness, harshness, deceitfulness, Pp.19, Pp.23.

crab SN.i.123; MN.i.234; Ja.i.222; Vv.54#6 (Vv-a.243, Vv-a.245); Dhp-a.iii.299 (mama… kakkaṭakassa viya akkhīni nikkhamimsu, as a sign of being in love). Cp. kakkhaḷa.

• -nala a kind of sea-re …

…Pv-a.243 (= asaddha, akkosakāraka, opp. muduka) Vv-a.138 (= pharusa). 2. cruel, fierce, pitiless Ja.i.187 Ja.i.266;…

…Vin.i.328; Vin.ii.1 -kāraṇa the cause or reason of a dispute Ja.iii.151 Ja.vi.336; -jāta “to…

adjective any indistinct and confused noise Mhbv.23 (of the tramping of an army); in -mukhara sounding confusedly (of the ocean) ibid. 18. Cp karakarā.

cp. Sk. kala

heap, stack (like a heap of wood? cp. kalingara) Mil.292 (sīsa˚).

cp. Sk. karaṇḍa piece of wood?

(BB ḷ)

1. a log, a piece of wood MN.i.449, MN.i.451; SN.ii.268; Dhp-a.iii.315; often in sense of something useless, or a trifle (combined with kaṭṭha q.v.) Dhp.41; Dhp-a.i.321 (= kaṭṭhakhaṇḍa, a ch …

…˚mitta). kata˚ = katûpakāra Pv-a.116 applied to dhamma in phrase ādi˚ majjhe˚ pariyosāne˚ DN.i.62 and ≈; SN.v.152; Snp.p.103;…

lotus, freq. combined with kuvalaya; or with uppala Ja.i.146; DN-a.i.40, explained as vārikiñjakkha Pv-a.77.

1. lotus, the lotus flower, Nelumbium Ja.i.146; DN-a.i.40; Mhbv.3; Sdhp.325; Vv-a.43, …

…(= Vv-a.167 hatth’âlankāra), worn on the wrist, while the kāyūra is worn on the upper part of the arm (bhujâlankāra ibid.). 3. a golden…

…AN.iv.93 = Ja.ii.348; -kāraka a workman, a servant DN-a.i.8; Mhvs.30, Mhvs.42; Cnd.427 a sailor Ja.iv.139;…

adjective dark, black, as attr. of darkness, opposed to light, syn. with kāḷa (q.v. for etym.); opp. sukka. In general it is hard to separate the lit. and fig. meanings, an ethical implication is to b …

…Ja.iv.440; Ja.v.420; the difference stated at Ja.v.422 is kaṇi˚ = mahāpupphā kaṇṇi˚ =…

adjective noun

1. poor, miserable, wretched; a beggar; freq explained by varāka, duggata, dīna and daḷidda; very often classed with low-caste people, as caṇḍālā Pv.iii.1#13 & pesakārā (Ud.4). Snp.81 …

…-kāraka “one who makes it befitting,” i.e. who by offering anything to a Bhikkhu, makes it legally acceptable…

the trunk of an elephant; in karabhoru (k˚ + ūru) (a woman) with beautiful thighs Mhbv.29.

(Sk. karhi, when? kar = loc. of pron. st. *quo = Lat. cur why, Goth. hvar, E. where), only in karaha-ci (karhi cid) at some time, generally preceded by kadāci DN.i.17; DN.ii.13 …

Karaka¹

1. Water-pot, drinking-vessel (= pānīya-bhājana Pv-a.251). It is one of the seven requisites of a samaṇa Vin.ii.302. It is called dhammakaraka there and at Vin.ii.118, Vin.ii. …

(for kaṭakaṭā, q.v.) adverb by way of gnashing or grinding the teeth (cp. Sk. dantān kaṭakaṭāpya) i.e. severely (of biting) Ja.iii.203 (passage ought to be read as karakarā nikhāditvā).

shrub Vism.183 (+ kanavīra).

etym.?

see Kara.

…injure, hurt; in “karato kārayato chindato chedāpayato…” DN.i.52 = MN.i.516; SN.iii.208.

cp. Sk. kṛntati

Karati²

(˚tī)…

the Indian cuckoo Ja.vi.539.

cp. Sk. kala-kaṇṭha cuckoo, & kalavinka sparrow

same Ja.v.204, Ja.v.416; Vv.36#4; Vism.112, Vism.206; Vv-a.166, Vv-a.219.

• -bhāṇin speaking like the cuckoo, i.e. with a clear and melodious voice, one of the mahāpurisa-lakk …

1. the oleander, Nerium odorum. Its flower was used especially in garlands worn by delinquents (see kaṇṭha)
2. a kind of grass Ja.iv.92. -patta a kind of arrow …

(˚iya) = prec. Ja.vi.538.

the tree Pongamia glabra, used medicinally Vin.i.201; Ja.vi.518, Ja.vi.519.

cp. Sk. karañja, accord. to Aufrecht, Halāyudha p. 176 the Dalbergia arborea

(karala) a wisp of grass (tiṇa˚) Dhp-a.iii.38; Dhs-a.272.

…veneration Pv-a.30. sakkāra reverence, devotion Snp-a.284.

Note: in massu˚ and kamma˚ some grammarians have tried to derive k˚ from a…

1. (adj.)
   1. that ought to be, must or should be done, to be done, to be made (= kātabbaṃ karaṇârahaṃ Kp-a.236) Vin.i.58; DN.i.3, cp. Mil.183; AN.v.210; DN-a.i.7. Often-˚ in the sense of “doing …

the fact that something has to be performed, an obligation Vin.ii.89, Vin.ii.93; sa˚ being left with something to do Mil.140.

abstr. fr. prec.

1. a basket or box of wicker-work Mhvs.31, Mhvs.98; Dāvs v.60; Dhp-a.iii.18.
2. the cast skin, slough of a serpent DN.i.77 (= DN-a.i.222 ahi-kañcuka) cp. Dial. i.88.

cp. Sk. karaṇḍa, ˚ka, ˚ikā. …

box, basket, casket, as dussa˚ MN.i.215 = SN.v.71 = AN.iv.230 (in simile); SN.iii.131 SN.v.351 cp. Pp.34; Ja.i.96; Ja.iii.527; Ja.v.473 (here to be changed into koraṇḍaka); DN-a.i.222 (vilīva˚); Snp\ …

adjective “one who has a hand,” an elephant (cp. hatthin) Mhvs.24, Mhvs.34; Mhvs.25, Mhvs.68; Dāvs iv.2. In compounds kari.

• -gajjita the cry of the elephant, an elephant’s tru …

…kāressaṃ Ja.v.297 (do.), akārayi Pv.ii.13#10; akārayuṃ Mhvs.iv.3; akāresi Mhvs.23, Mhvs.85 kāretuṃ Pv-a.74; kārayamāna Vv-a.9 (of…

Kasi & Kasī

feminine tilling, ploughing; agriculture, cultivation MN.ii.198; SN.i.172, SN.i.173 = Snp.76 sq. Vin.iv.6; Pv.i.5#6 (k˚, gorakkha, vaṇijjā); Pv-a.7 Sdhp.390 (k˚, vaṇijjā); Vv-a.63
■ * …

…DN.i.61 (k˚ gahapatiko kārakārako rāsi-vaḍḍhako); AN.i.241; AN.i.229, AN.i.239 (the three duties of a farmer); SN.i.172 = Snp.76;…

whip Vin.i.99 (in Uddāna); MN.i.87, etc.; Dhp.143; Mil.197
■ -kasāhi tāḷeti to whip lash, flog as punishment for malefactors here, as well as in Niraya (see kamma-karaṇā) MN.i …

Kasi & Kasī

feminine tilling, ploughing; agriculture, cultivation MN.ii.198; SN.i.172, SN.i.173 = Snp.76 sq. Vin.iv.6; Pv.i.5#6 (k˚, gorakkha, vaṇijjā); Pv-a.7 Sdhp.390 (k˚, vaṇijjā); Vv-a.63
■ * …

…been done Pv-a.116 -sakkāra honoured, revered Ja.v.353; Mhvs.9, Mhvs.8 (su˚) -saṅgaha one who…

…Dhp-a.i.440.

• -ākāra, in ˚ṃ karoti to enter into conversation with Ja.vi.413.
• -samattha…

…-pakāra of what kind Vin.i.358; Snp.241 (:kathappakāra).

• -paṭipanna going what way, i.e….

…-suppa a winnowing basket Vin.i.269 = Dhp-a.i.174 (˚e pakkhipitvā sankāra-kūṭe chaḍḍehi). Kattari & i

cp. Sk. kṛtvan…

poetry; ballad, ode (cp. kabba) Ja.vi.213, Ja.vi.216.

• -kāra a poet Ja.vi.216.

cp. Vedic kavya wise; sacrificer

adjective always referring to teeth: with long, protruding teeth, of Petas (cp. attr. of the dog of the “Underworld” Pv-a.152: tikhiṇâyatakaṭhina-dāṭho and the figure of the witch in fairy-tales) J …

Nerium odorum, oleander, the flower of which is frequently used in the garland worn by criminals when led to the place of execution (cp Rouse, J. trsl. iv.119 and Mṛcchakaṭika X. beginning diṇṇa-ka …

young elephant Ja.ii.342; Ja.iv.49; Ja.v.39, Ja.v.50, Ja.v.416; Ja.vi.497; Dhp-a.i.196 (variant reading kareṇukā) -f. -kā MN.i.178
■ See also kareṇu.

Derivation uncertain, …

strip of cloth used to mark the kaṭhina robe, in -karaṇa Vin.i.254, and -ka Vin.i.290.

…-alaṅkāra an ornament for the ear Ja.v.409.

• -āyata (mutta) (a pearl)…

see kaṇikāra.

1. throat AN.iv.131; Ja.v.448; Mil.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati, is hoarse); Pv-a.280 (akkharāni mahatā kaṇṭhena uccaritāni). The throat of Petas is narrow and parched with thirst: Pv-a.99 (k-oṭṭha-tālūnaṃ …

anything circular, a ring, a wheel (thus in kara˚ Vin.ii.122); a bracelet Pv-a.134.

adjective deceitful, false, hypocritic Ja.i.461 (explained by biḷāra); Ja.iv.220; Ja.iv.223 (= kirāsa) MN-a.152; Dhp-a.iii.389 (= saṭha)
■ a˚ honest, frank Ja.v.117 (= akitava, ajūtakara).

fr. kirāṭa

…(Com. khalayātha khalīkāraṃ (i.e. a “rub,” kind of punishment pāpetvā niddhamatha = give him a thrashing & throw him out. variant…

adjective (a) patient, forgiving. (b) enduring, bearing, hardened to (frost & heat, e.g.), fit for.

1. kh. belongs to the lovable attributes of a bhikkhu (kh. rūpānaṃ, saddānaṃ, etc.; indulgent as re …

…kho jānato passato… ahankāramamankāra-mānânusayā na hontī ti SN.iii.103-pañca-kkhandhe pariññāya SN.iii.83; pañca-kkhandhā…

…Ja.i.262; Pv-a.66 (+ yuttakāra) Vv-a.71 (in explⁿ of akodhana); -suñña (nt.) the void of khanti Pts.ii.183;…

…Ja.i.262; Pv-a.66 (+ yuttakāra) Vv-a.71 (in explⁿ of akodhana); -suñña (nt.) the void of khanti Pts.ii.183;…

attendant, companion, charioteer, the king’s minister and adviser (Lat. satelles “satellite” has been compared for etym.) DN.i.112 (= DN-a.i.280, kh˚ vuccati pucchita-pucchita-pañhaṃ vyākaraṇa-sam …

shaking, shock Vism.31, Vism.157; khobhaṃ karoti to shake Vv-a.35, Vv-a.36 Vv-a.278; khobha-karaṇa shaking up, disturbance Vism.474 See also akkhobbha.

cp. Vedic kṣubh kṣobhayati, to shake = Go …

Khulukhulu-kaṛakaṃ

(nt. adv.) “so as to make the sound khulu, khulu,” i.e. clattering or bumping about MN.ii.138. Cp. ghuru-ghuru.

Khura¹

the hoof of an animal Vv.64#10 (of a horse = turagānaṃ khuranipāta, the clattering of a horse’s hoof Vv-a.279), cp. Sk. kṣura, a monkey’s claw Sp. Avs.i.236.

khura-kāse MN.i.44 …

eating, in -kāraṇa the reason of eating… Pv-a.37.

…(under vividha-kamma-kāranā kārenti) MN.i.87; AN.i.48 = AN.ii.122 = Cnd.604; Ja.vi.17 (variant reading ˚ṭicch˚; C. has āpatacchika,…

destroyed, exhausted, removed, wasted, gone; in compounds ˚-often to be translated “without.” It is mostly applied to the destruction of the passions (āsavā) & demerit (kamma). Khīṇā jāti “destroyed …

…Pv.iv.7#7; Pv-a.59.

• -kāraka¹ = next Ja.iii.14;
• -kārin, doing wrong Snp.665 sq.; Pv-a.58.

Ved….

1. (adj.) that which ought to be done, that which is to be performed; nt something to do Dhp-a.i.15. defined as kātabban ti kiccaṃ kiñcid eva karaṇīyan ti Kp-a.218; kattabaṃ karaṇīyaṃ Dhp-a.iii.452 …

duty Vin.ii.89 (k˚ karaṇīyatā); Mil.42.

abstr. fr. last

…Avs.i.48 and in cpd. hāhākārakilakilā “shouting hā-hā and hail-hail” Avs.i.67 Mvu.iii.312 and Divy.459). See also kiṇakiṇāyati…

Kiriya, Kiriyā & Kriyā

1. (n.)-
   1. (-˚) action, performance, deed; the doing = fulfilment cp. ˚karaṇa, anta˚, making an end of, putting a stop to (dukkhassa) SN.iii.149; SN.iv.93; Snp.454, Snp.72 …

Kiriya, Kiriyā & Kriyā

1. (n.)-
   1. (-˚) action, performance, deed; the doing = fulfilment cp. ˚karaṇa, anta˚, making an end of, putting a stop to (dukkhassa) SN.iii.149; SN.iv.93; Snp.454, Snp.72 …

1. adorned: mālā˚ adorned with garlands Vin.iii.249.
2. soiled, only in cpds kaṇṇa˚; said of a wall, also of the ground at Vin.i.48 Vin.ii.209; and paṃsu˚; soiled with dust Vin.ii.121, Vin.ii.174. …

…-kāraṇā (abl. of kāraṇa) by reason of what, i.e. why? Pv-a.25;

• -kusalagavesin striving after that which…

…Vin.ii.107; Vv.84#46 (= Vv-a.349); Thig.254, Thig.411 (= Thag-a.267).

• -kāra a comb-maker Mil.331 (not in…

the jujube fruit MN.i.80; AN.iii.49 (sampanna-kolakaṃ sūkaramaṃsa “pork with jujube”); Ja.iii.22 (= badara); Ja.vi.578.

• -mattiyo (pl.) of the size of a j. truit, always comb w. kolaṭṭhi-mattiy …

…is explained by camma-kāra, thus “worker in leather (-shields or armour),” with der. fr konta (“satthitāya kontāya…

shrub and its flower Ja.v.473 (˚dāma, so read for karaṇḍaka), Ja.vi.536; as Npl. in Koraṇḍaka-vihāra Vism.91.

= kuraṇḍaka

hen variant reading (ti vā pāḷi) at Thig.381 for turiyā. See also Thag-a.255 (= kuñcakārakukkuṭī).

…Dial iii.132–136.

• -kāraka the “cocoon-maker,” i.e. the silk-worm, Vin.iii.224; Vism.251. *…

…nepuñña. See also Pp.25; Vism.128 sq. (appanā˚), Vism.241 sq. (uggaha˚ & manasikāra˚), Vism.248 (bojjhanga˚); Pv-a.63, Pv-a.99…

…kosa, cp. Sk. kauśeya silk-cloth and P. kosa-kāraka

Kiriya, Kiriyā & Kriyā

1. (n.)-
   1. (-˚) action, performance, deed; the doing = fulfilment cp. ˚karaṇa, anta˚, making an end of, putting a stop to (dukkhassa) SN.iii.149; SN.iv.93; Snp.454, Snp.72 …

…trouble Ja.i.243;

• -vikāra disturbance of the bowels Vin.i.301;
• -vitthambhana steadying the…

…cynic MN.i.387 (+ dukkara kāraka; also as k˚-vata, ˚sīla, ˚citta, ˚ākappa) DN.iii.6, DN.iii.7; Ne.99 (+ govatika; *…

cock Mil.363; Ja.iv.58; Vv-a.163; f. kukkuṭī a hen Dhp-a.i.48; Thag-a.255; in simile MN.i.104 = MN.i.357 = AN.iv.125 sq., AN.iv.176 sq. (cp. ˚potako).

• *-[aṇḍa](/define/aṇḍa …

…AN.ii.104 = Pp.45 -kāra 1 a potter; enumerated with other occupations and trades at DN.i.51 = Mil.331. Vin.iv.7. In…

junket, usually with odana, boiled rice. In formula of kāya (cātummahābhūtika etc., see kāya) DN.i.76 = MN.ii.17 and ≈; in enum. of material food (kabaḷinkārâhāra) …

adjective

1. (adj.) clever, skilful, expert; good, right, meritorious MN.i.226; Dhp.44; Ja.i.222 Esp. appl. in moral sense (= puñña), whereas akusala is practically equivalent to pāpa. ekam pi ce pāṇ …

…in the Elements; manasikāra˚ proficiency in attention; āyatana˚ skill in the spheres; paṭiccasamuppāda˚ skill in conditioned Genesis;…

arrangement, fitting, trapping, harnessing Vin.ii.108 (sara˚: accuracy in sound, harmony); Ja.iii.314 (massu˚ beard-dressing, explained by massu-kiriyā. Here corresponding to Sk *kḷpti!), Ja.iv.352 …

…(in compounds only)- kāra cackling (of a hen) Thag-a.255; -nāda trumpeting (of an elephant)…

…paṇṇa˚ vacca˚.

• -kāra the making of a hut, in ˚sikkhāpada, a rule regarding the method of building a hut…

…of passions Ja.iii.293

• -kāra the fulfilment of desires Snp.351 = Thag.1271
• -kārin acting according to…

secondary root of karoti, in denom. and intensive function in kāra, kāraka, kāraṇa, kārin, kāreti and their derivations.

(usually -˚) the doer (of): Vin.ii.221 (capu-capu˚); sāsana˚ he who does according to (my) advice Snp.445 Bdhd 85 sq
■ f. kārikā: veyyāvacca˚ a servant Pv-a.65 (text reads ˚tā …

… 2. duty obligation, in kāraṇ’ âkāraṇā (pl.) duties great and small Dhp-a.i.385 Cp. also kāraṇaṃ karoti to try MN.i.444 3. a…

…arrow-maker fletcher. Perhaps the reading should be ˚kāraka.

der. fr. prec.

…etym., cp. karaṇḍa

Kāraṇḍava²

a sort of duck Vv.35#8 (explained as also by Halāyudha 2, 99 by kādamba, black…

to construct, to build, etc.; pp. kārita; der. -kārāpaṇa the construction of (vihāra˚ Dhp-a.i.416. For details see karoti iv.; see also *[kārāpaka](/define/ …

see kāraka

schemer, inventor Ja.vi.333.

fr. kārāpeti

see kāreti.

made to do Ja.vi.374.

pp. of kārāpeti, Caus. of karoti

1. poetry, the making of poems, poetry as business. one of the forbidden occupations DN.i.11 (= DN-a.i.95 kabba-karaṇa)
2. poetry, song, poem (of suttanta) AN.i.72 = AN.iii.107.

• *-[matta](/defin …

…of action AN.i.112;

• -vikāra change of position of the body Ja.iii.354
• -vijambhana alertness Dhp-a.iv.113; *…

…the upper arm (bāh’âlankāra Pv; bhuj˚ Vv) or neck (gīvāya pilandhana Ja.iii.437); a bracelet or necklace Vin.ii.106; Ja.iii.437; Ja.iv.92;…

…the upper arm (bāh’âlankāra Pv; bhuj˚ Vv) or neck (gīvāya pilandhana Ja.iii.437); a bracelet or necklace Vin.ii.106; Ja.iii.437; Ja.iv.92;…

…a false suit, in ˚kāra a false suitor Ja.ii.2; Dhp-a.i.353;

• -jaṭila a fraudulent ascetic Ja.i.375;…

…“in meaning…

in “kārāpesi tilañcanaṃ” at Dpvs.20, 10 is not clear. We may have to correct reading into lañchanaṃ or lañchakaṃ. Oldenberg in his translation (p. 211) leaves the word out and remarks: “Probably …

…by Cy. as “lakkhaṇa-kāraka”) Ja.iv.364, Ja.iv.366 (ti˚ so explained by Cy. variant reading ni˚). See nillañchaka & cp; *lañcana…

…C.); Mhvs.25, Mhvs.44 (pākāraṃ). Cp. olaṅgheti.

laṅgh, a by-form of lagh, as in laghu (see…

see lakāra.

…receptacle Vin.ii.170.

• -kāra a metal worker, coppersmith, blacksmith Mil.331
• -kumbhī an iron…

…in detail as one of the 32 ākāras at Kp-a.54 sq.; Vism.261, Vism.360; Vb-a.245
■ Vin.i.203 (āmaka˚), Vin.i.205 (˚ṃ mocetuṃ);…

…(andhās tamaso ’ndhakāra-tamisrā) -ādhipa lord or ruler of the world AN.i.150. -ādhipateyya “rule of…

…of loma as one of the 32 ākāras of the body (Kp iii.; pl. lomā) is found at Vism.250, Vism.353; Vb-a.233; Kp-a.42, Kp-a.43
■…

…Vv-a.99 (˚udaka).

• -kāra salt-maker Vin.i.350 (˚gāma); AN.ii.182 (˚dāraka); Ja.vi.206 (kara) Mil.331. *…

…of gain Vb-a.466.

• -sakkāra gain and honour, usually combined with
• -siloka fame; the two first e.g. at Vin.ii.196;…

…andhakāra); Dhp-a.i.140 (vippakiṇṇa-valikaṃ…

…andhakāra); Dhp-a.i.140 (vippakiṇṇa-valikaṃ…

…sq.; Ne.86, Ne.108; Vb-a.272 (= cittassa līn’ ākāra).

abstr. fr. līna

to stick. The Dhtp evidently favours the separation when interpreting lī by “silesana-dravīkaraṇa,” i.e. to make slip or run (Dhtp.441; Dhtm.681)]

1. to stick, adhere, cling to see compounds all˚, …

…Ja.v.72 (orena-m-āgama); Ja.vi.266 (pacchā-m-anutappati); Snp-a.309 (rāg’ ādi-m-anekappakāraṃ)
■ On wrong syllable division…

(-kāra) the letter or sound m Ja.iii.273 (sandhi-vasena vutta put in for the sake of euphony); Ja.v.375 (ma-kāro sandhikaro); Kp-a.155,…

adj. nt.

1. mild, gentle, soft, suave Dhs.1340; Vb.359; Mil.229 (cittaṃ mudukaṃ m. siniddhaṃ), Mil.313 (mudu˚), Mil.361 (among the 30 best virtues, with siniddha & mudu).
2. (fr. madda) as Np. name o …

honey Ja.i.157 sq.; Ja.iv.117; Dhp.69 (madhū vā read as madhuvā); Mhvs.5, Mhvs.53; Dhs-a.330; Dhp-a.ii.197 (alla fresh honey)
■ pl. madhūni Mhvs.5, Mhvs.31
■ The Abhp (533) also gives “wine fr …

…Ja.iii.368

• -andhakāra deep darkness Vism.417.
• -assāsin fully refreshed, very…

mythical fish or sea monster, Leviathan (cp. Zimmer, Altind. Leben 97; Ja.ii.442; Ja.iii.188; Mil.131, Mil.377; Thag-a.204
■ f. makarinī Mil.67.

-dantaka the tooth of a s …

the nectar of a flower Ja.vi.530.

cp. Class. Sk. makaranda

1. a bowl, a vessel (?) used in bathing Vin.ii.106 (mallakena nahāyati; or is it a kind of scrubber? Bdhgh’s explⁿ of this passage (CV v. i.4) on p. 315 is not quite clear mallakaṃ nāma *ma …

…form mamaṃ˚; viz. mamankāra etc
■ As adj. “self-like, selfish” only neg amama unselfish Snp.220 (=…

…(= mama) + kāra, cp. ahaṃ + kāra

treating with tenderness, solicitude, fondness Ja.v.331.

fr. mamaṃ + kṛ.

self-love, self-interest, egoism MN.i.486; MN.iii.32 (at both places also ahiṅkāra for ahaṅkāra).

for maman˚, cp. Geiger, P.Gr. § 19

…sq. (as regards the 32 ākāras), Vb-a.251 (paṭikkūla˚), Vb-a.255 (n’âtisīghato etc.), Vb-a.270 (ayoniso) Vb-a.500; Dhp-a.ii.87…

adjective

1. slow, lazy, indolent; mostly with ref. to the intellectual faculties, therefore: dull, stupid, slow of grasp, ignorant foolish MN.i.520 (+ momuha); Snp.666, Snp.820 (= momūha Mnd.153), …

…sq. (as regards the 32 ākāras), Vb-a.251 (paṭikkūla˚), Vb-a.255 (n’âtisīghato etc.), Vb-a.270 (ayoniso) Vb-a.500; Dhp-a.ii.87…

the beard DN.ii.42; Pp.55; Ja.iv.159
■ parūḷha˚ with long-grown beard DN-a.i.263; bahala thick-bearded Ja.v.42.

• -kamma beard-dressing Ja.iii.114; Dhp-a.i.253.
• *-[karaṇ …

…dead Dhp-a.ii.274.

• -ākāra condition of one who is dead Ja.i.164 (˚ṃ dassati pretends to be dead). *…

…untranslateable): sita˚-kāraṇā just because he smiled Vv-a.68 bhesajja-mattā pītā I have taken medicine DN.i.205 (= mattā f.?)…

adjective pleasant, charming sweet, lovely (only with ref. to the voice) DN.ii.211, DN.ii.227 (one of the 8 characteristics of Brahmā’s & the Buddha’s voice: see bindu & aṭṭhanga); …

…in detail as one of the 32 ākāras or constituents of the human body at Vism.252, Vism.354; Kp-a.46 Vb-a.235.

• -ūpasecana sauce for meat…

adjective auspicious prosperous, lucky, festive Mnd.87, Mnd.88; Kp-a.118 sq. Snp-a.273, Snp-a.595; Sdhp.551
■ nt. maṅgalaṃ good omen auspices, festivity Snp.258; Vin.ii.129; Pv-a.17. A curious …

…Mil.54.

• -kāra a jeweller Mil.331; Dhp-a.ii.152.
• -kuṇḍala a jewelled earring,…

1. circle DN.i.134 (paṭhavi˚, cp. puthavi˚ Snp.990); Vism.143 (˚ṃ karoti to draw a circle, in simile), Vism.174 (tipu˚ & rajata˚ lead- & silver circle, in kasiṇa practice); Vv-a.147 (of a fan = tāla …

adjective

1. circular Thag.863 (maṇḍali-pākāra).
2. having a disk, orbed (of the sun) SN.i.51 = Vv-a.116.

fr. maṇḍala

…Vism.339 sq (in simile); Dhp-a.i.112; Dhp-a.ii.45; Dhp-a.iii.206 (˚kāraka); Pv-a.74, Pv-a.171, Pv-a.194; Vv-a.173.

cp. late…

fat SN.i.124; Snp.196; Ja.iii.484 (ajakaraṃ medaṃ = ajakara-medaṃ C.); Kp iii. (explained at Vism.262 as “thīnasineha” thick or coagulated fluid or gelatine); Vism.361 Vb-a.66, Vb-a.225, Vb-a.245, …

…by “dve janā dve kalaha-kāraka” etc.).

• -bheda [evidently in meaning of mitta-bheda “break of friendship,”…

…“cause of m.,“ i.e. ˚kāraṇa, ˚paccaya Snp-a.411; cp. antara = kāraṇa under antara I 2 b.).

• -ussada quality of…

…mocetuṃ (na) sakkonti kāraṇa-vacanaṃ vā etaṃ: aññena mocetabbā (na) honti).

late Vedic & Epic Sk. mokṣa, fr.; muc, see…

…Ja.iv.478 (mucc˚); -ākāra (muñc˚) means of deliverance (dukkhato from ill) Dhp-a.i.267; -kāla time of release (dukkhā from…

1. a seal, stamp, impression; - rāja˚; the royal seal Dhp-a.i.21. Also with ref. to the State Seal at Mil.280, Mil.281 in compounds muddakāma (amacca) & mudda-paṭilābha.
2. the art of calculation …

…-vikāra contortion of the mouth Ja.ii.448. -vikūṇa (= vikāra grimace Snp-a.30….

…the body (the dvattiṃs-ākāraṃ) at Kp iii. (cp. Kp-a.68 in detail on mutta; do. Vism.264, Vism.362; Vb-a.68, Vb-a.225, Vb-a.248 sq. =…

…Ja.iv.478 (mucc˚); -ākāra (muñc˚) means of deliverance (dukkhato from ill) Dhp-a.i.267; -kāla time of release (dukkhā from…

…festoons Vv-a.188 -kāra garland-maker, florist, gardener (cp. Fick, Sociale Gleiderung 38, 182) Ja.v.292; Mil.331;…

…Snp.342. Cp. mamankāra

• -ābhisamaya full grasp (i.e. understanding) of pride (with sammā˚) MN.i.122 (which Kern.

  …

…honour or respect; reverence, respect SN.i.66; Ja.ii.138; Pp.19, Pp.22; Mil.377 (with sakkāra, vandana, pūjana & apaciti) Dhs.1121;…

…(= iddhi).

• -kāra a conjurer, magician SN.iii.142; Vism.366 (in comparison); Vb-a.196.

cp. Vedic māyā….

…(akusalā mũlā n. pl. = ākāra or patiṭṭhā Snp-a.23); Pv.ii.3#33 (sa˚ with its cause); Duka-pa.272, Kp.297, Kp.312, Kp.320; Mil.12 (&…

…ti paññāṇato ālokakāraṇato sommabhāvato ca nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ cando ti vutto); DN.i.10 (nakkhattānaṃ pathagamanaṃ &…

…DN.i.51 (+ pesakāra & kumbhakāra); Ja.v.291; Thag-a.28; Pv-a.175 (+ vilīvakāra); Dhp-a.i.177; *…

1. the nose Ja.v.166 (= nāsā Com.).
2. = ˚kamma medical treatment through the nose Vin.iii.83 (deti).

• -kamma nose-treatment, consisting in the application of hot oil (DN-a.i.9 …

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

…DN.i.51 (+ pesakāra & kumbhakāra); Ja.v.291; Thag-a.28; Pv-a.175 (+ vilīvakāra); Dhp-a.i.177; *…

plough SN.i.115; SN.iii.155; AN.iii.64; Snp.77 (yuga˚ yoke & plough); Snp.p.13; Ja.i.57; Thig.441 (= sīra Thag-a.270); Snp-a.146; Vv-a.63 Vv-a.65; Pv-a.133 (dun˚ hard to plough); Dhp-a.i.223 (ay …

dancer, player, mimic, actor Vin.iv.285; SN.iv.306 sq. Dhp-a.iv.60 (˚dhītā), Dhp-a.iv.65 (˚karaka), Dhp-a.iv.224 (˚kīḷā); Mil.359 (˚naccaka); Sdhp.380
■ Cp. naṭaka & nāṭaka.

Sk. naṭa dial. ṭ, cp …

…Vin.iv.7 (+ veṇa & rathakāra); SN.i.93 (˚kula); AN.i.107; AN.ii.85; Ja.ii.36 Ja.iii.330; Ja.iv.397, Ja.iv.413; Ja.v.110, Ja.v.337; Ja.vi.71;…

adjective steady, unchanged, steadfast; persevering Ja.i.66; Pv-a.178, Pv-a.253 (+ nicca); Snp-a.189, Snp-a.497; Vism.311.

nis + vikāra

adjective (lit.) extinguished (of fire), cooled, quenched (fig. desireless (often with nicchāta & sītibhūta), appeased pleased, happy

1. (lit.) aggi anāhāro n. MN.i.487; Snp.19 (ginī n. = magga-sali …

…Vb.13, Vb.64, Vb.70 sq. (sa˚, a˚); Vv-a.12, Vv-a.13; Pv-a.26, Pv-a.121 (pucchanākāra˚), Pv-a.226 (paccakkhabhūtaṃ n “sign,…

…remove Snp.281 = Mil.414 (kāraṇḍavaṃ) Snp.282 (˚itvā pāpicche), Snp.962 (malaṃ = pajahati (Mnd.478); Dhp.239 (id.); Mil.43
pp…

…(upadhi˚ = hetuka, paccayā kāraṇā Cnd.346); Cnd.872 (icchā˚) etc.; Vv-a.117 (vimānāni Rājagaha˚ playing at or referring to R.) 3….

multitude Dāvs v.25 (jātipuppha˚).

Sk. nikara, ni + karoti

or is it ˚aṃ?) = nikati (fraud) Pp.19, Pp.23 (as syn. of māyā).

fraud, deceit, cheating DN.i.5 (= DN-a.i.80 paṭirūpakena vañcanaṃ); DN.iii.176; Snp.242 (= nirāsaṃ-karaṇaṃ Snp-a.286); Ja.i.223; Pv.iii.9#5 (+ vañcana); Pp.19, Pp.23, Pp.58; Vv-a.114; Pv-a.211 ( …

Err:508

…-kāra read by Kern (

Toevoegselen

174. at Thag.1271 for na kāmakāra but unjustified (see Snp-a on…

service, humility Ja.iii.120 (nikāra-pakāra, prob. to be read nipaccākāra, q.v.).

Sk. nikāra in diff. meaning, ni + kāra

…nikāyehi atthañ ca kāraṇañ ca ākaḍḍhitvā). The five Nikāyas are enumerated also at Vism.711; one is referred to at…

…but right in variant reading), explained as “tisūlâdi-ankakaraṇena lañchakā ca lakkhaṇakārakā ti attho” (p 366). cp….

…but right in variant reading), explained as “tisūlâdi-ankakaraṇena lañchakā ca lakkhaṇakārakā ti attho” (p 366). cp….

…Cnd.659; Dhs-a.53 (= ākāra). See below n-gāhin & animitta.; nimittaṃ parivajjeti to discard the phenomenal SN.i.188; Snp.341. 3. mark,…

Nipacc-ākāra

obedience, humbleness, service SN.i.178; SN.v.233; AN.v.66; Ja.i.232 Ja.iv.133; Vv-a.22, Vv-a.320; Pv-a.12….

…explⁿ p. 121: nikārapakārā (= nipaccakārā?) upasaggā (upasajja?) dāmase (dā) ti attho; endorsed by Müller, P.G. p. 97 &…

at Vin.i.200 read nippakka. Nipacc-akara

adjective of no flavour, tasteless, useless Ja.i.340.

nis + pakāra 2

…perform Ja.i.185 (lābhasakkāraṃ); Ja.v.81; Mil.299; Vv-a.32, Vv-a.72 (grd. nipphādetabba, Name of ablative case); Sdhp.319, Sdhp.426
pp…

adjective fond of, attached to (-˚) SN.i.133; DN-a.i.250; Pv-a.5 (duccarita˚), Pv-a.89, Pv-a.161 (hitakaraṇa˚).

pp. of niramati

…boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hades & Tartarus. There are a great number of hells, of which…

adjective useless Ja.ii.103.

nis + upakāra

to spend, bestow, give, give up Pv-a.105 (dānûpakaraṇā nisajjesi read better as ˚karaṇǡni sajjesi). See also nissajjati.

sic MSS. for niss˚; Sk. niḥsarjayati, nis + sajjeti, …

…(dhamma˚), AN.iv.36 (id.) AN.iv.296; AN.v.166 (dhamma˚); Dpvs.i.53 (˚kāra). Cp. nisamma & nisāmeti.

Sk. *niśānti, ni + śam

(better: nitthaddhana) neuter paralysing DN.i.11 (jīvhā˚ = mantena jivhāya thaddhakaraṇa DN-a.i.96 variant reading (gloss) nibandhana).

Sk. *niṣṭambhana, abstr. fr. ni + thaddha = making rigid

food thrown (for feeding), fodder, bait; gift, portion, ration MN.i.151 sq. (Nivāpa-sutta); Ja.i.150; Ja.iii.271; Dhp-a.i.233 (share); Dhp-a.iii.303; Vv-a.63 (diguṇaṃ ˚ṃ pacitvā cooking a double p …

adjective leading out (of saṃsāra), leading to salvation, salutary, sanctifying, saving profitable DN.i.235, DN.i.237; SN.i.220; SN.v.82, SN.v.166, SN.v.255, SN.v.379 sq. Ja.i.48 (a˚), Ja.i.106; Dhs.2 …

name.

1. Literal. nom. nāmaṃ SN.i.39; Snp.808; Ja.ii.131; Mil.27; acc. nāmaṃ Pv-a.145 (likhi: he wrote her name)
   ■ nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Snp.344 Cnd.466 (n’ etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “ …

…nānā + agga), nānappakāra etc. see below.

• -agga (-rasa) all the choicest delicacies Ja.i.266 (˚bhojana, of food);…

shine, splendour, light, lustre, effulgence; appearance. In clairvoyant language also “aura (see Cpd. 214¹ with C. expl^n. “rays emitted from the body on account of insight”)-D …

…prefers folly, vanity, and this suits the context better.

o + kāra fr. karoti, BSk. okāra, e.g. Mvu.iii.357

Okāsa

1. lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space DN.i.34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā pariccheda), Vism.243 (id.); Pv-a.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā …

…Mil.203 (kāraṇaṃ), Mil.349 (lekhaṃ to compose a letter). 3. (t.t.) to restore a bhikkhu who has undergone penance…

…Dhp-a.iii.21 (gloss okāra & okāsa); cp. avatāraṃ labhati Divy.144, Divy.145 etc. 2. access, fig. inclination to, being at home with,…

1. girdle, waistband MN.ii.47; Ja.iii.285 (variant reading ovaddhi˚); Vism.312; Dhp-a.ii.37 Dhp-a.iv.206; DN-a.i.218 (Morris, J.P.T.S. 1887, 156: a kind of bag).
2. a bracelet Vin.ii.106 (= vaḷayaṃ …

advice, instruction, admonition, exhortation Vin.i.50 = Vin.ii.228; Vin.ii.255 Vin.iv.52; DN.i.137 (˚paṭikara, function of a king); Ja.iii.256 (anovādakara one who cannot be helped by advice, cp ovada …

one who makes light, one who lights up, light-bringer (often as epithet of the Buddha) SN.i.51 (quoted at Vv-a.116), SN.i.210; AN.ii.51 sq.; Iti.80; Ja.iii.128; Snp.991, Snp.1136 (= ālokakara obhāsa …

…Mil.96 (˚purisa-kāra); Dhs-a.169; Vv-a.9, Vv-a.13; Pv-a.232.

• -vacana expression of separate relation, i.e….

…Pv-a.226.

• -ākāra the mode of causes, i.e. the Paṭiccasamuppāda Dhs-a.2, Dhs-a.3; Vb-a.130 sq. (cp….

…stanza, line Ja.v.116 (= kāraṇa-padāni C.).

Padaka²

neuter in cpd. aṭṭha˚; an “eight-foot,” i.e. a small inset…

adjective noun ready to serve, subject to ministering; a servant SN.i.144 (T. baddhacara, variant reading paṭṭha˚; trsl. “pupil”); Ja.iv.35 (read paddhacarā ’smi tuyhaṃ for T. baddha carāmi t., as poi …

adjective consisting of feet or parts, -fold; dvādasa˚ twelve fold Ja.i.75 (paccayākāra).

fr. pada 1; cp. padaka³

fixing one’s attention on, planning, designing, scheme, arrangement Snp.945 (cp Mnd.72 Mnd.186, where two pakappanā’s, viz. taṇhā˚ diṭṭhi˚; at Mnd.429 it is synonymous with taṇhā Bdhgh has reading pak …

1. performance, undertaking paragraph (of the law) DN.i.98 (“offence”? see Dial. i.120); SN.iii.91; Mil.189.
2. occasion Vin.i.44 Vin.ii.75; Vin.iii.20.
3. exposition, arrangement, literary work, co …

1. original or natural form, natural state or condition (lit. make-up); as ˚- = primary original, real Vin.i.189; Vin.ii.113; Ja.i.146 (˚vesena in her usual dress); Kp-a.173 (˚kammakara, ˚jeṭṭhaput …

Pakkha¹

1. side of the body, flank wing, feathers (cp. pakkhin), in compounds -biḷāla a flying fox (sort of bat) Bdhgh on ulūka-camma at Vin.i.186 (MV. Vin.v.2, 4; cp. Vin. Texts ii.1 …

…Pv-a.136.

pa + kṛ; cp. last; but Sk. prakāra “similarity”

(-˚) adjective of that kind SN.ii.81; Ja.vi.259.

fr. pakāra

to direct one’s thought towards (dat.) Ja.vi.307.

Denom. fr. pakāra

…infatuation, fascination Snp.841 (variant reading Nd i.sammoha) Mnd.193 (+ sammoha andhakāra); Ja.vi.358; Ja.vi.358 Pp.21; Dhs.390, Dhs.1061.

pa…

loosening, setting free or loose, in cpd. -kara deliverer SN.i.193 = Thag.1242 (bandhana˚)-adj. dup˚; difficult to be freed SN.i.77; Snp.773; Dhp.346; Ja.ii.140.

fr. pa + muc

…(papatā ti kho lābha-sakkāra-silokass’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ; cp. SN.iii.109: sobbho papāto kodh’ ûpāyāsass’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ);…

…Vv.33#22. -kāra see below under parankāra. -kula clan of another, strange or alien clan Snp.128; Dhp.73…

…armlet, bracelet Vv-a.167 (variant reading ˚haraṇa; explained as hatthālaṅkāra.) See also parihāraka.

fr. pari…

…Snp-a.52.

• -kāraka one who ministers to or looks after a person attendant; one who makes preparations Thig.411…

“doing round,” i.e. girdle, loincloth Ja.iv.149; Dhp-a.i.352
■ In cpd. ovāda˚ it is variant reading SS at DN.i.137 for paṭikara (q.v.).

fr. pari + kṛ; a similar formation …

to surround, serve, wait upon, do service for Ja.iv.405 (= parivāreti C.); Ja.v.353 (id.), Ja.v.381 Ja.vi.592. Cp. parikara & parikkhāra.

pari + kṛ.

strewing about, trsl^d “consecrating sites” DN.i.12 (vatthu-kamma + vatthu˚; variant reading paṭi˚; explained at DN-a.i.98 as “idañ c’ idañ ca āharathā ti vatvā tattha balikamma-karaṇaṃ” …

…Ja.i.148 (sāṇiṃ); Ja.ii.88 (sāṇi-pākāraṃ).

pari + kṣip

…(variant reading for pariyanta as in Pv.i.10#13) Vism.71 (of gāma); Thag-a.70; Dhp-a.i.42 (pākāra˚); Pv-a.52 (= pariyanta Pv.i.10#13),…

…AN.iv.62 (citt’ ālankāraṃ citta-parikkhār atthaṃ dānaṃ), AN.iv.236 (id.); Ja.iii.470 (sabba˚-sampannaṃ dānaṃ with all that…

adjective facing, in front; only as nt. adv. ˚ṃ in front, before, in phrase parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapeti “set up his memory in front” (i.e. of the object of thought), to set one’s mindfulness alert Vi …

Paritta¹

adjective small, little, inferior, insignificant limited, of no account, trifling Vin.i.270; DN.i.45; MN.iii.148 (˚ābha of limited splendour, opp. appamāṇ’ ābha); SN.ii.98; SN.iv. …

…ādisampannaṃ pākāraparikkhittaṃ dvārakoṭṭhaka-yuttaṃ āvāsaṃ); Dhp-a.i.260 (pāsāda˚). 2. a cell or private chamber…

…consideration MN.ii.170 (ākāra˚), Vin.ii.74; SN.ii.115 (id.); AN.ii.193 (id.); Mil.13; Dhp-a.ii.62; Dhs-a.74; Vv-a.3; Pv-a.282 (vutta-˚e…

1. adequacy, accomplishment, sufficiency capability, competency; indriya-paro˚; efficiency in the (knowledge of) thoughts of others SN.v.205; Ne.101 Three accomplishments are distinguished at DN-a …

…reason, cause, way (= kāraṇa) DN.i.185 (iminā ˚ena), DN.i.186 (id.); DN.ii.339 (ayaṃ p. yena ˚ena); DN-a.i.106…

1. hanging on, inclination, attachment to Kp-a.18; Pv-a.130.
2. occasion, event; loc. pasaṅge at the occasion of (-˚), instead of Kp-a.213 (karaṇavacana˚, where Pv-a.30 in id. p. reads karaṇ’ a …

at Ja.vi.530 is doubtful; it is explained in C. together with saṃsādiyā (a certain kind of rice: sūkara-sāli), yet the C. seems to take it as “bhūmiyaṃ patita”; variant reading …

…cases are the foll.: patikāra, ˚kuṭati, ˚caya ˚dissati, ˚nandati, ˚manteti, ˚māneti, ˚ruddha, ˚rūpa ˚līna, ˚sallāna, etc….

…requested, sought after Snp.836; Mil.227, Mil.361; Dhp-a.iv.201; Pv-a.47 (˚ākāra of the desired kind, as wished for) Sdhp.79 (a˚).

pp. of…

in pl. diff. kinds of rice Ja.v.405 (= nānappakārā vīhayo).

pa + vīhi

…dinna); AN.iii.313; Thag.348, Thag.359 (˚atta); Iti.101 (˚pāṇin) = Mil.215; Snp.240 (= sakkāra-karaṇena p. alankata Snp-a.284);…

1. means, instrument Ja.vi.116 (= karaṇa); Snp-a.7; Dhs-a.215 (sa˚).
2. preparation, undertaking, occupation exercise, business, action, practice Vin.iv.278; Pts.ii.213 (sammā˚); …

…was pañcaviddhana-kāraṇa (instead of pañca-vidha-bandhana-k˚). See passages under bandhana & cp. MN.iii.182; AN.i.141; Kv.597;…

…of five Vism.242. The 32 ākāras or constituents of the human body are divided into 4 pañcaka’s (i.e. sets of 5 more closely related parts),…

mode of asking, inquiry, investigation, question DN.i.11 (deva˚) MN.i.83; MN.iii.30; AN.i.103, AN.i.288; AN.iii.81, AN.iii.191 sq. AN.iii.419 sq.; AN.v.50 sq.; Snp.512, Snp.957, Snp.1005, Snp.1024, Sn …

…-ākāra “state or condition of writing” (see ākāra 1) i.e. object of…

…vegetable, greens Ja.vi.24 (kāra˚ vegetable as homage or oblation); Pv.iii.3#3 (panko paṇṇako ca, explained as “kaddamo vā udakacchikkhalo…

indeclinable directional prefix in well-defined meaning of “back (to), against towards, in opposition to, opposite.” As preposition (with acc. and usually postponed) towards, near by, at usually …

…The term paccay’ ākāra is late and occurs only in Abhidhamma-literature
■ The oldest account is found in the…

…ālankāra C.); Ja.v.400; Pv.iv.1#33 (˚ka-suṭṭhu paṭimuttabhāṇin Pv-a.230).

pp. of paṭimuñcati, cp….

…§ 38¹
ger fr. paṭikaroti (q.v.), cp. Sk pratikāra in same meaning “caution, remedy”

counteracting; requital, compensation Vin.iv.218 (a˚); DN.i.137 (ovāda˚ giving advice or providing for? variant reading pari˚); DN.iii.154

fr. paṭi + kṛ.

…Dhs.1327 (k.).

• -manasikāra realisation of the impurity of the body Dhp-a.ii.87 (˚kkula); Vb-a.251. *…

counteraction, remedy, requital Sdhp.201, Sdhp.498; usually neg. app˚; adj. not making good or which cannot be made good, which cannot be helped Vin.iv.218 (= anosārita p. 219); Pv-a.274 (maraṇa Cp …

…ālankāra C.); Ja.v.400; Pv.iv.1#33 (˚ka-suṭṭhu paṭimuttabhāṇin Pv-a.230).

pp. of paṭimuñcati, cp….

question in return, inquiry; only ˚-(as abl.) by question, by inquiry, by means of question & answer in foll. compounds: ˚karaṇīya Vin.i.325 -vinīta AN.i.72; -vyākaraṇīya (pañha) DN.iii.229.

p …

adjective assenting, ready, obedient, willing DN.i.60; SN.iii.113 (kinkāra-paṭi˚).

fr. paṭi + śru

moving backwards, only in cpd. vatta-paṭivatta-karaṇa “moving forth or backwards” performance of different kinds of duties; doing this, that & the other Dhp-a.i.157.

pp. of paṭivattati

setting forth, putting forward; only in cpd. sati˚; setting up of mindfulness (q.v. and see discussion of term at Dial ii.324) Besides in later lit. meaning “origin,” starting point cause, in titl …

…sq. (˚dhītā the weaver’s daughter; story of-) Pv-a.42 sq., Pv-a.67.

pesa + kāra, epsa = Vedic peśaḥ, fr. piś: see…

…(pesane pesiyanto.)

• -kāraka a servant Ja.vi.448; Vv-a.349.
• -kārikā (a girl) doing service, a…

…service Ja.vi.374;

• -kāra a servant Ja.vi.356.

grd. formⁿ fr. peseti, Vedic preṣya, f. preṣyā. This is…

…pesiya, explained by pesana-kāraka, veyyāvaccakara Vv-a.349); Ja.vi.448 (= pesana-kāraka C.), or pessika Snp.615,…

…pesiya, explained by pesana-kāraka, veyyāvaccakara Vv-a.349); Ja.vi.448 (= pesana-kāraka C.), or pessika Snp.615,…

adjective made to touch, brought into contact, only in cpd. suphassita of pleasant contact, beautiful to the touch, pleasant, perfect, symmetrical Ja.i.220 (cīvara), Ja.i.394 ( …

…formula, viz. devatā sādhukāraṃ adaṃsu, brahmāno apphoṭesuṃ (variant reading appoṭh˚) Mil.13 Mil.18; Sakko devarājā appoṭhesi…

small stick skewer Vin.ii.116, cp. Bdhgh on p. 317: “daṇḍakathina-ppamāṇena kaṭasārakassa pariyante paṭisaṃharitvā duguṇa-karaṇa.” See also Vin Texts iii.94.

etym.? Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. s …

the young of an animal, sometimes used as term for a child Ja.ii.406 (sūkara˚); Dhp-a.iv.134 (as an abusive term; vv.ll. SS kipillaka; gloss K pitucūḷaka, BB cūḷakaniṭṭha); Sdhp.164, Sdhp.165
■ As …

…under pingala piñjara, pesakāra.

piś or piṃś, cp. Vedic piṃśati, with two bases viz. Idg. *peig, as in P. piñjara & pingala; Lat….

1. a lotus plant, primarily the leaf of it, figuring in poetry and metaphor as not being able to be wetted by water Snp.392, Snp.812 (vuccati paduma-pattaṃ Mnd.135); Dhp.336; Iti.84.
2. the skin of a …

splendidness “flower-likeness,” only in cpd. vaṇṇa-pokkharatā beauty of complexion DN.i.114; Vin.i.268; SN.i.95 SN.ii.279; AN.i.38, AN.i.86; AN.ii.203; AN.iii.90; DN-a.i.282; Kp-a.179; Vv-a.14; …

lotuspond an artificial pool or small lake for water-plants (see note in Dial. ii.210) Vin.i.140, Vin.i.268; Vin.ii.123; DN.ii.178 sq.; SN.i.123, SN.i.204; SN.ii.106; SN.v.460; AN.i.35, AN.i.145; A …

…= purisa-viriya, purisa-kāra Pv-a.252) 2. height of a man MN.i.74, MN.i.187, MN.i.365.

abstr. fr. purisa, *pauruṣyaṃ, cp. porisiya and…

Pota¹

the young of an animal Ja.ii.406 (˚sūkara); Cp.i.10#2 (udda˚) Snp-a.125 (sīha˚).

cp. Epic Sk. pota, see putta for etym.

Pota²

a boat Dāvs v.58; Vv- …

Pottha¹

poor, indigent, miserable Ja.ii.432 (= potthakapilotikāya nivatthatā pottho C.; variant reading poṭha). See also *ponti, with which ultimately identical.

?

Pottha² …

…(as one of the 32 ākāras) at Vism.261, Vism.360; Kp-a.62; Vb-a.244
■ Often in combination pubba-lohita matter & blood, e.g….

…Ja.i.182 (suvaṇṇakāra˚ bhikkhu), cp. BSk. ˚pūrvaka in same use at Avs.i.259, Avs.i.296, Avs.i.322. 3. (-˚) accompanied or preceded…

…nesāda˚, veṇa˚, rathakāra˚ p.˚) at MN.iii.169; SN.i.94; AN.ii.85; Vin.iv.6 Pp.51. With nesāda at Pv-a.176
■ Cp….

…talk about men DN.i.8.

• -kāra manliness DN.i.53 (cp. DN-a.i.161); Mil.96
• -thāma manly strength…

…nānākāraṇehi attānaṃ hanti.

fr. puthu, cp. Sk. *pṛthutva; not with Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. = Sk….

…ways Snp.580 (= aneka-ppakāraṃ Snp-a.460); Vv.62#4 (= mahantaṃ Vv-a.258).

• -gumba experienced in many crafts…

…nānākāraṇehi attānaṃ hanti.

fr. puthu, cp. Sk. *pṛthutva; not with Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. = Sk….

…Vism.394 (= parikkhepa-pākāra) Dhp-a.iii.441 (tiṇṇaṃ pākārānaṃ antare); Pv-a.24, Pv-a.52 sāṇi˚; screen-fencing Ja.ii.88;…

…Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ ākāra˚), Vism.251 (danta˚); Snp-a.87. 2. a line, norm thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli…

adj. nt.

1. (adj.) evil, bad, wicked, sinful AN.ii.222 sq. (and compar. pāpatara); Snp.57; Dhp.119 (opp. bhadra) Other compar-superl. forms are pāpiṭṭha SN.v.96 pāpiṭṭhatara Vin.ii.5; pāpiyyasika DN …

…at Vb-a.338 is “alankāra-karaṇ ādīhi dāraka-kīḷāpanaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ.”-See stock phrase under…

…vessel, dish Vin.i.157 (avakkāra˚), Vin.i.352 (id.); Vin.ii.216 (id.); MN.i.25 (kaṃsa˚), MN.i.207; SN.ii.233; AN.iv.393 (suvaṇṇa˚,…

…vessel, dish Vin.i.157 (avakkāra˚), Vin.i.352 (id.); Vin.ii.216 (id.); MN.i.25 (kaṃsa˚), MN.i.207; SN.ii.233; AN.iv.393 (suvaṇṇa˚,…

…Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ ākāra˚), Vism.251 (danta˚); Snp-a.87. 2. a line, norm thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli…

…Ja.vi.449 (˚alankāra, ˚vasana ˚uttara, cp. Ja.vi.503); Dhs.203 (˚kasiṇa), Dhs.246, Dhs.247 (nīla p. lohitaka odāta); Vism.173…

…-karaṇa doing service, paying homage Pv-a.30.

• -kāra = karaṇa Dhp-a.ii.44.

fr….

…to make fill Vism.i.37 (lakāraṃ)

pp puṇṇa. See also pari˚. Caus. ii. pūrāpeti to cause…

…list of occupations); Vin.iii.45; SN.ii.101 = SN.iii.152 (in simile; combined with cittakāra, here perhaps “painter”?); SN.iii.131; Ja.v.186;…

…api rajjaṃ pi kāraye); Ja.iv.96, Ja.iv.105, Ja.iv.393 (nava rajja new kingship, newly (or lately) crowned king); Ja.vi.4 (rajjato me…

…Sdhp.148, Sdhp.153.

• -kāra rope-maker Mil.331.
• -gāhaka “rope-holder, (king’s) land-surveyor…

Ratana¹

neuter

1. (lit.) a gem, jewel Vv-a.321 (not = ratana², as Hardy in Index) Pv-a.53 (nānāvidhāni)
   ■ The 7 ratanas are enumerated under veḷuriya (Mil.267). They are …

…-kāra carriagebuilder chariot-maker, considered as a class of very low social standing, rebirth in which is a…

Rathaka¹

neuter a little carriage, a toy cart DN.i.6 (cp. DN-a.i.86: khuddakarathaṃ); Vin.ii.10; Vin.iii.180; MN.i.226; Mil.229.

fr. ratha, cp. Sk. rathaka m.

Rathaka²

adjec …

…Pv.i.9#4.

• -andhakāra the dark of night, nightly darkness Vin.iv.268 (oggate suriye); MN.i.448.
• -ūparata…

…Mil.11 (˚palibodha)

• -kāra dyer Mil.331.
• -jāta colour MN.i.385; Vb-a.331. *…

1. fight, battle; only in Thig.360 (raṇaṃ karitvā kāmānaṃ): see discussed below; also late at Mhvs.35, Mhvs.69 (Subharājaṃ raṇe hantvā).
2. intoxication, desire, sin, fault. This meaning is the Buddhi …

…with saddhā, anussavo, ākāraparivitakke, diṭṭhinijjhānakhanti MN.ii.170, MN.ii.218; MN.ii.234; contrasted with dhamma DN.iii.40; Vb.245…

…ruppato (C. sarīravikāraṃ āpajjato, Brethren, 338); Ja.ii.437 (C. ghaṭṭiyamāna pīḷiyamāna) = Vism.49 (dukkhitassa r.);…

…with -da for -ta: ta-kārassa dakāro kato); Ja.iii.276 (sabba-ruta-jānana-manta: spell of knowing all animal-sounds; T. reads rūta;…

…a “royal potter,” i.e. a potter being “purveyor to the king Ja.v.290.

• -kula the…

…a “royal potter,” i.e. a potter being “purveyor to the king Ja.v.290.

• -kula the…

pleasure, sport, amusement; -kara having pleasure, sporting, making love Ja.v.448.

fr. ram; cp. Vedic rāma

…of cinders Ja.i.107; kaṇikārapuppha˚ of k. flowers Vv-a.65; kahāpaṇa˚ of money Pv-a.162; tila˚ of seeds Vv-a.54; dhañña˚ of…

…cetanā, phassa, manasikāra (otherwise citta-sankhārā), rūpa(-kāya) = cattāro mahā-bhūtā catunnaṃ m-bhūtānaṃ upādāya…

…letter s (sa-kāra) Snp-a.23; or the syllable sa Dhp-a.ii.6; Pv-a.280.

Sa²

base of the nom. of the…

…Thag.338; Thag-a.239.

• -kāra ratification pledge, payment in advance as guarantee Ja.i.121.
• -kiriyā…

adjective (able) to be realized SN.iii.223 sq.; DN.iii.230 = AN.ii.182 (in four ways by kāya, sati, cakkhu, paññā).

grd: of sacchikaroti

to see with one’s eyes, to realize, to experience for oneself. Pres. -karoti DN.i.229; SN.iv.337; SN.v.11, SN.v.49
fut -karissati SN.v.10; MN.ii.201 (as sacchi vā k.)
aor sacch’ākāsi SN.iv …

…-kāra a sort of fragrant mango Kp-a.53

• -gata accompanying, connected with, concomitant…

…suddenly Snp.123; Dhp-a.iii.381; Pv-a.40, Pv-a.279 inconsiderately Ja.i.173; Ja.iii.441. -kāra violence DN.i.5; DN.iii.176; AN.ii.209;…

…the town Ja.v.212 paṇṇākāraṃ to send a present Ja.iii.10
caus 2 sajjāpeti to cause to be given or prepared Ja.i.446; Pv-a.81. Cp….

…(variant reading); AN.iii.16. Cp. sajjhu.

• -kāra silversmith Mil.331.

cp. Sk. sādhya

adjective one who still has something to do (in order to attain perfection) DN.ii.143; Thag.1045; Mil.138. Sakaruna-bhava

sa³ + karaṇīya

1. gravel, grit Vin.iii.147 = Ja.ii.284; Ja.i.192; AN.i.253; DN.i.84; Pv.iii.2#28; Dhp-a.iv.87.
2. potsherd Vv-a.157; Pv-a.282 Pv-a.285.
3. grain, granule, crystal, in loṇa˚; a salt crystal SN.i …

hospitality, honour, worship Vin.i.27, Vin.i.183; AN.ii.203; Ja.i.63; Ja.ii.9, Ja.ii.104; Dhp.75; Mil.386; Dhs.1121; Vism.270; Snp-a.284; Vb-a.466. -ṃ karoti to pay reverence, to say goodbye Dhp\ …

adjective being in unity, harmonious MN.ii.239; DN.iii.172; AN.ii.240; AN.v.74 sq.; plur. = all unitedly, in common Vin.i.105; Ja.vi.273#2. AN.i.70 = AN.i.243; Snp.281, Snp.283; Dhp.194; Thig.161; Tha …

the dark of night Vin.iv.54; Dhp-a.ii.94; SN.iii.60.

saṃ + andhakāra

1. calm, quietude of heart MN.i.33; AN.i.61, AN.i.95; AN.ii.140; AN.iii.86 sq. (ceto˚), AN.iii.116 sq., AN.iii.449; AN.iv.360; AN.v.99; DN.iii.54, DN.iii.213, DN.iii.273; Dhp-a.ii.177; SN.iv.362; Dhs …

…-manasikāra right, careful, thought DN.i.13; DN-a.i.104. -vattanā strict,…

…titthavāsa˚ yoniso-manasikāra˚, buddh’ûpanissaya˚
■ Cp. the following: atta˚; SN.v.30 sq.; ākappa˚; AN.i.38; ājīva˚…

the dative relation Ja.v.214 (upayogatthe), Ja.v.237 (karaṇatthe); Snp-a.499 (˚vacana).

saṃ + padāna

1. successful, complete, perfect Vin.ii.256; sampannaveyyākaraṇa a full explanation Snp.352.
2. endowed with, possessed of abounding in Vin.i.17; Snp.152, Snp.727 (ceto-vimutti˚) Ja.i.421; vijjācaraṇ …

the hollow of the hand (in posture of veneration), in pāṇi˚; Mhvs.37, Mhvs.192 i.e. Cūḷavaṃsa (ed. Geiger) p. 15.

cp. saṃ + puṭa (lexicogr. Sk. sampuṭa “round box”) & BSk. sampuṭa in meaning “añja …

(large) quantity of water, e.g. the Ganges; the sea the ocean DN.i.222; MN.i.493; AN.i.243; AN.ii.48 sq. AN.iii.240; DN.iii.196, DN.iii.198; SN.i.6, SN.i.32, SN.i.67; Ja.i.230; Ja.iv.167 Ja.iv.172; Dh …

box, basket Ja.i.265, Ja.i.372, Ja.i.383; Mil.153, Mil.247; Sdhp.360 (read samuggābhaṃ) Samugga-jātaka the 436th Jātaka Ja.iii.527 sq. (called Karaṇḍaka-Jātaka ibid.; v.455).

Class. Sk. samudga

…storing DN.i.6; -kāraka storing up, store MN.i.523; Vin.i.209; Vin.iv.87; DN.iii.235; AN.iii.109; AN.iv.370….

…Anotatta, Sīhapapāta, Rathakāra, Kaṇṇamuṇḍa Kuṇāla, Chaddanta, Mandākini) AN.iv.101; DN.i.54; Ja.ii.92; DN-a.i.164, DN-a.i.283;…

Satta¹

hanging, clinging or attached to Vin.i.185; DN.ii.246; Mnd.23, Mnd.24; Dhp.342; Ja.i.376 Cp. āsatta¹ & byāsatta.

pp. of sañj: sajjati

Satta²

1. (m.) a li …

…Vin.i.205; Snp-a.100.

• -kāraka an assassin Vin.iii.73
• -vaṇijjā trade in arms AN.iii.208. *…

…Vism.578, Vism.603 (˚assa kāraka); Pv-a.63, Pv-a.243. For description of saṃsāra (its endlessness & inevitableness)…

1. closed DN.i.81.
2. tied up Ja.iv.361.
3. restrained, governed, (self-)controlled guarded DN.i.250; DN.iii.48, DN.iii.97; SN.ii.231; SN.iv.351 sq.; AN.i.7 (cittaṃ); AN.ii.25; AN.iii.387; Iti.96, It …

…Pv-a.70, etc.

• -kāraka id Ja.i.345
• -kāla the time of the redaction of the Pāli Canon, or of…

Saṅkara¹

(fight, confusion) wrongly for saṅgara Ne.149, in quot. fr. MN.iii.187.

Saṅkara²

adjective blissful Mhbv.4 (sabba˚).

cp. Sk. śankara

dust heap DN.ii.160; SN.ii.270; MN.i.334. Explained as “sankāra-ṭṭhāna” K.S. ii.203.

unexplained

…AN.iii.366; Pv-a.212 -kāra acting with a set purpose Snp.351
■ As grd. of saṅkharoti: see…

…not Vedic, but as saṃskāra Epic & Class. Sk. meaning “preparation” and “sacrament, also in philosophical literature “former…

rubbish Vin.i.48; Vin.iv.265; Ja.i.315; Ja.ii.196.

• -kūṭa rubbish heap, dust heap MN.ii.7; Pp.33; Mil.365; Dhp-a.i.174. Cp. kacavara & kattara.;
• -cola a rag …

adjective

1. smooth, soft Vin.i.202; Vin.ii.151; Vv.50#18 (= mudu Vv-a.213); Vism.260 = Kp-a.59 saṇhena softly Thag.460.
2. gentle, mild DN.ii.259; Snp.853; Ja.i.202, Ja.i.376; Mnd.234; Pv-a.56, …

…bamboo bridge Thag.7.

• -kāraka a bridge-maker, one who paves the way SN.i.33; Kv.345.
• -ghāta…

…SN.ii.226 (lābha-sakkāra˚); AN.ii.26 AN.ii.143; Snp.438; Vin.i.183; Ja.iv.223 (= kitti-vaṇṇa); Mil.325; Snp-a.86 (˚bhaṇana, i.e….

…Snp-a.117.

• -pākāra stone wall Vin.ii.153.
• -maya made of stone Ja.vi.269, Ja.vi.270;…

…(pātukari), Tha-ap.22 (˚kamma Dhp-a.ii.64 (˚ṃ pātvakāsi); Dhp-a.iii.479; Vv-a.68. -kāra smiling Ja.i.351 (as ˚ākāra).

pp….

…(yāgu˚); Pv-a.99; sitthatelaka oil of beeswax Vin.ii.107, Vin.ii.151.

• -āvakārakaṃ (adv.) scattering the lumps of boiled rice…

…saddhammasavana, yonisomanasikāra, and dhammânudhammapaṭipatti SN.v.347, SN.v.404. -phala the effect of having entered upon the stream, the…

…a blessing Ja.i.343.

• -kāra an utterer of blessings, a herald Ja.vi.43.
• -gata safe wandering,…

gentleness, suavity DN.iii.267; AN.ii.148; AN.iii.180; Ne.40; Ne.127; ˚-karaṇa making for gentleness MN.i.96; AN.ii.148 = AN.iii.180.

fr. suvaca, in analogy to dovacassa

…Ja.vi.339 (in the shape of a svastika?); Pv.iv.3#3 (= sotthi-bhāva-vāha Pv-a.250). -ālaṅkāra a kind of auspicious mark…

…flags Ja.ii.48.

• -bhiṅkāra a golden vase Sdhp.513.
• -maya golden, made of gold Ja.vi.203 *…

…nature Vin.i.45. -ppaṭikāra easy requital AN.i.123. -ppaṭipanna well conducted AN.ii.56; Pp.48
■ tā, good conduct Ne.50….

adjective lucky; -karaṇa making happy or beloved (by charms) DN.i.11; DN-a.i.96
■ Der. sobhagga

su + bhaga

…eating) Vin.ii.214;…

…at Ja.ii.79.

• -kāra a cotton-spinner Mil.331.
• -guḷa a ball of string DN.i.54; MN.iii.95;…

…Dhp-a.iv.217;

• -bhiṅkāra a g. vase Mhbv.154
• -bhūmi “gold-land,” Name of Cambodia…

…suññatā, vivitt’ ākāra), Vism.578 (12 fold, relating to the Paṭiccasamuppāda), Vism.653 sq.; Vb-a.262 (atta˚, attaniya˚,…

1. toll, tax, customs Vin.iii.52; Vin.iv.131; AN.i.54 sq.; Dhp-a.ii.2; Ja.iv.132; Ja.vi.347; Pv-a iii.
2. gain, profit Thig.25 Thag-a.32.
3. purchase-price of a wife Thig.420; Ja.vi.266; Mil.47 sq …

being of good disposition Vin.i.6.

su + ākāra

…proficiency Vb-a.477.

• -kāra saying “well,” approval, cheering, applause Ja.i.223; Mil.13, Mil.16, Mil.18; Vv-a.132;…

rule of life, precept governing the monastic life of the Buddhist bhikkhus Vin.iii.24#2; adj. ˚-samāpanna ibid.; adj. ˚-kara one who supports Ja.iv.42 (= sa-ājīvakara, C.).

adjective with its characteristics DN.i.13; DN.iii.111; MN.i.35; Pp.60; Vism.423 (+ sa-uddesa).

sa³ + ākāra

…DN.i.179; SN.iv.398. kumbhakāra˚; potter’s hall Dhp-a.i.39; gilāna˚ sick room, hospital SN.iv.210; Vism.259; jantāghāra˚ (large)…

1. owner, ruler, lord, master Vin.i.303, Vin.i.307; Snp.83; Mhvs.37, Mhvs.241; Ja.v.253 (˚paribhoga, q.v.); Pv.iv.6#6; Vism.63; DN-a.i.261; Pv-a.43, Pv-a.65. voc. sāmi “Sir” Ja.vi …

…and teaching MN.i.129;

• -kāraka the same Snp.445;
• -kārin the same AN.ii.26; susāsanaṃ dussānaṃ…

…Dhp-a.ii.49. ˚-pākāra a screen-wall Vin.iv.269, Vin.iv.279; Ja.ii.88; Dhp-a.ii.68, Dhp-a.ii.71, Dhp-a.ii.186; Vv-a.173; Pv-a.283…

…a leaden coin Ja.i.7; --kāra a worker in lead Mil.331; --maya leaden Vin.i.190.

cp. Sk. sīsa

Sīsa²

neuter

1. the head…

indeclinable an onomat. part. “shoo,” applied to hissing sounds: see su¹. Also doubled: sū sū Dhp-a.i.171 Dhp-a.iii.352. Cp. sūkara & sūsūyati.

an informer, slanderer SN.ii.257 (= pesuñña-kāraka C.); Snp.246. Cp. saṃ˚.

fr. sūc to point out

…Divy.221] DN.ii.179.

• -kāra a needle-maker SN.ii.216.
• -ghaṭikā a small bolt to a door…

hog, pig Vin.i.200; DN.i.5; AN.ii.42 (kukkuṭa +), AN.ii.209; Iti.36; Ja.i.197 (muṇika); Ja.ii.419 (Sālūka); Ja.iii.287 (Cullatuṇḍila Mahā-tuṇḍila); Mil.118, Mil.267; Vb-a.11 (vara-sayane sayāpita) …

pig-killer, pork-butcher SN.ii.257; AN.ii.207; AN.iii.303; Pp.56; Thig.242; Ja.vi.111; Thag-a.204.

fr. sūkara; BSk. saukarika Divy.505

…sūnaghara Vin.iii.59; sūna-nissita Vin.iii.151; sūnakāraghara Vb-a.252.

Sk. sūnā

…Snp.1104; Cnd.279 (= taṃ kāraṇaṃ); Pv-a.11, Pv-a.103; tato (a) from there, thence Pv.i.12#3; (b) then, hereafter…

Taccha¹

a carpenter, usually as ˚ka: otherwise only in cpd. -sūkara the carpenter-pig (= a boar, so called from felling trees), title & hero of Jātaka No. 492 (Ja.iv.342 sq.). Cp. vaḍḍ …

Takkara¹

(= tat-kara) a doer thereof DN.i.235, MN.i.68; Dhp.19.

Takkara²

a robber, a thief Ja.iv.432.

…154, SN.v.163.

• -andhakāra (complete) darkness (of night) variant reading for samandha˚ at Ja.iii.60 (Kern:…

1. (adj.) thin, tender, small, slender Vv.16#2 (vara graceful = uttamarūpa-dhara Vv-a.79; perhaps to 2) Pv-a.46 (of hair: fine + mudhu).
2. (n. nt.) body (orig. slender part of the body = waist) V …

Tassa-pāpiyyasikā

feminine (viz. kiriyā) Name of one of the adhikaraṇa-samathā: guilt (legal wrong) of such & such a character Vin.i.325; in detail expl. MN.ii.249; + tiṇavatthāraka DN.iii.254; AN …

…Snp.1073, Snp.1113; Cnd.277 (= tādisa taṃsaṇṭhita tappakāra).

Sk. tathā, cp. also kathaṃ

to rattle, shake, clatter; to grind or gnash one’s teeth; to fizz. Usually said of people in frenzy or fury (in ppr. ˚yanto or ˚yamāna) Ja.i.347 (rosena), Ja.i.439 (kodhena); Ja.ii.277 (of a bhikkhu k …

Iti (ti)

indeclinable emphatic deictic particle “thus”. Occurs in both forms iti & ti, the former in higher style (poetry), the latter more familiar in conversational prose. The function of “iti” is …

…(dark dense) Mil.7; ˚andhakāra dense darkness Vism.500 sq. ˚kilesu deep blemish (of character) Vism.87.

Probably a contamination of two roots…

darkness Ja.iii.433 (andhakāra-timissāya); Pp.30 (andh˚-timisāya); Mil.283

Vedic tamisrā = tamas

…(˚parikhā).

cp. Sk. trapu,…

…country DN.i.116; -pākāra beyond or over a fence (˚pākāraṃ or ˚pākāre) Vin.iv.266; see also…

…or with disregard Ja.v.78.

= tiras + ka, cp. tiraskāra disdain abuse

1. a fording place, landing place, which made a convenient bathing place DN.ii.89 = Vin.i.230 (Gotama˚ the G. ford) Ja.i.339, Ja.i.340 (titthāraṇa); Ja.ii.111; Ja.iii.228 (˚nāvika ferryman); Ja.iii.23 …

(tiṃsa˚) the number 30; DN.i.81≈(tiṃsaṃ pi jātiyo); SN.ii.217 (t
■ mattā bhikkhū); dat. instr. tiṃsāya AN.v.305 (dhammehi samannāgato); Snp.p.87 (pi dadāmi) Pv-a.281 (vassasahassehi): t
■ yojana\ …

grass, herb; weed; straw; thatch hay, litter SN.iii.137 (tiṇa, kasā, kusa, babbaja, bīraṇa) satiṇakaṭṭhodaka full of grass, wood & water (of an estate) DN.i.87, DN.i.111, etc.; sītaṃ vā uṇhaṃ vā rajo …

…Com. explained as “andhakāra,” darkness); Dpvs.xvii.100.

Sk. tumala; to *teu, Lat. tumeo, tumulus, tumultus, etc. E. thumb (swelling),…

…-kāra (& ˚ka) a (mending tailor Ja.iv.38 (variant reading ˚ka); Vv-a.251 (˚ka); Pv-a.120) *…

satisfying, pleasing, in -kāraṇa cause for satisfaction or delight Ja.iii.448.

Sk. toṣaṇa

1. to bring through, to finish, to execute (business), to accomplish: karaṇīyaṃ Mil.7; Pv-a.203; kiccaṃ Pv-a.278.
2. to measure, judge, recognize, always in formula tūleti tīreti vibhāveti (Nd ii.tu …

…DN-a.i.122; and -ākāra id. Dhp-a.i.237. At Vism.158 “cetaso ubbilāvitaṃ stands for ubbilāvitattaṃ, with variant reading BB…

discharge, excrement, faeces Vin.iii.36 (˚ṃ gacchati to go to stool); Vin.iv.265, Vin.iv.266 (uccāro nāma gūtho vuccati); Dhp-a.ii.56 (˚karaṇa defecation); uccārapassāva faeces & urine DN.i.70; MN.i. …

water Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.213; DN.ii.15 (˚assa dhārā gushes or showers of w.); Dhp.80 Dhp.145; Ja.i.212; Pv.i.5#7; Pp.31, Pp.32; Mil.318; Vv-a.20 (udake temanaṃ aggimhe tāpanaṃ); Dhp-a.i.289; Dhp-a. …

1. pointing out, setting forth, proposition, exposition, indication, programme MN.iii.223 (u. uddiṭṭha), MN.iii.239; SN.iv.299; Snp-a.422.
2. explanation SN.v.110 sq.; sa-uddesa (adj.) with (the n …

1. (in this meaning confused with ubbharati from bṛh, cp. interchange of ddh & bbh in uddha: ubbha, possibly also with; bṛh see abbahati and cp. ubbahati¹).
   1. …

…= also at Ja.vi.276 (= pākāra-vatthu C.). Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. refers it to Sk. ud-vapati to dig out, and translates “moat,…

…perception (as opp. to manasikāra) Vism.125, Vism.241 sq neg. an˚ Snp.912 (= gaṇhāti Mnd.330). Cp. dhanuggaha.

fr. ud…

an owl (lit. “uhu”-maker) Ja.vi.538 (= ulūka C.).

onomat. uhu + kara, see under ulūka

light, lustre Ja.i.183 (˚kara); Mil.321.

ud + * jot of jotati, Sk. uddyotate

Uju & Ujju

adjective straight direct; straightforward, honest, upright DN.iii.150 (T. ujja), DN.iii.352 (do.), DN.iii.422, DN.iii.550; Vv.18#7 (= sabba-jimha-vanka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u. …

Uju & Ujju

adjective straight direct; straightforward, honest, upright DN.iii.150 (T. ujja), DN.iii.352 (do.), DN.iii.422, DN.iii.550; Vv.18#7 (= sabba-jimha-vanka-kuṭilabhāv’âpagama-hetutāya u. …

…otherwise only in cpd. ukkāra-bhūmi dung-hill Ja.i.5, Ja.i.146 (so read for ukkar˚), Ja.ii.40; Ja.iii.16, Ja.iii.75, Ja.iii.377; Ja.iv.72,…

…˚kappana ad-ministering; ˚kāra service to; ˚kkhata administered; ˚gacchati go to, ap-proach (cp. upâtigacchati); ˚disati ad-vise;…

…Vv-a.127 (gram. t.t. kāraṇ˚). 4. entrance, access, i.e. immediate vicinity or neighbourhood of (-˚) Ja.iv.182 (nagar˚); usually as…

help, service, support; means of existence, livelihood DN.ii.340; AN.ii.86; Ja.i.7; Pv-a.60 (commodities), Pv-a.133 (˚manussa, adj. suitable, fit) Sdhp.69. In general any instrument or means of achi …

…(adj.) of great help, very serviceable or helpful SN.iv.295; Pv-a.114. upakāraṃ karoti to do a favour, to…

…given thing) Tikapaṭṭhāna i.11

fr. upakāra

adjective noun a benefactor Ja.iii.11; DN-a.i.187; Sdhp.540 Sdhp.546.

fr. upakāra; cp. ASk. upakārin Jtm.31#42

…to find, make out Mil.124 (kāraṇaṃ); usually in Pass. upalabbhati to be found or got, to be known; to exist MN.i.138…

…(SN-a. = kāraṇa, paccaya); SN.v.25; AN.i.198; AN.iii.20, AN.iii.200 sq. AN.iii.360; AN.iv.99, AN.iv.336, AN.iv.351; AN.v.4…

indeclinable over, above (prep. & prefix)

1. (adv. on top, above (opp. adho below) Vin.iv.46 (opp. heṭṭhā) Ja.vi.432; Kp-a.248 (= uddhaṃ; opp. adho); Snp-a.392 (abtimukho u. gacchati explaining pac …

connection, combination; employment, application Ja.vi.432 (nagare upayogaṃ netvā for use in the town? variant reading upabhogaṃ). Usually in cpd -vacana as tt. g. meaning either combined or conden …

…Pv-a.155.

• -kāra an arrow-maker, fletcher MN.ii.105; Dhp.80, Dhp.145 Thag.29; Ja.ii.275; Ja.vi.66;…

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

1. state of being higher. Cp.iii.3#5; neg. an˚ state of being unsurpassed (lit. with nothing higher), preeminence; see anuttariya.
2. an answer, rejoinder Dhp-a.i.44 (karaṇ˚ …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

˚- open, manifest etc., in -kamma (uttāni˚) declaration, exposition, manifestation SN.v.443 Pp.19; Vb.259, Vb.358; Ne.5, Ne.8, Ne.9, Ne.38
■ -karaṇa id Snp-a.445
■ -karoti to make clear …

…174) Pv-a.148.

• -vikāra change of season Vism.262.
• -veramanī abstinence during the time of menstruaīion Snp.291…

…-ākāra appearance of heat, often in phrase (Sakkassa paṇḍu-kambala-sil’āsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi, of…

…exp^ls as “va-kāraṃ dīghaṃ katvā,” i.e. a lengthening of va); Snp-a.76 (see below…

1. speaking, utterance, word, bidding SN.ii.18 (alaṃ vacanāya one says rightly); SN.iv.195 (yathā bhūtaṃ); AN.ii.168; Snp.417, Snp.699 Snp.932, Snp.984, Snp.997; Mil.235; Pv.ii.2#7; Snp-a.343, Snp-a …

Vaddha¹

adjective noun

1. grown, old; an Elder; venerable, respectable; one who has authority At Ja.i.219 three kinds of vaddha are distinguished: one by nature (jāt …

adjective lovely, beautiful pleasant, usually of sound (sara) DN.ii.20 (˚ssara); SN.i.180 SN.i.190; Snp.350, Snp.668; Vv.5#3, Vv.36#1, Vv.36#4 (˚rūpa), Vv.50#18 (girā) Vv.63#6, Vv.64#10 (ghoso suvaggu …

…-vaco, explained by sakāraṇa-vacana Pv-a.109. 2. a current Ja.iv.260 (gangā˚); Ja.v.388 (mahā˚)
■ Cp….

…as one of the 32 ākāras at Vism.255, Vism.356; Vb-a.60, Vb-a.239, Vb-a.356.

• -pañcaka the series of five…

…C.); Thig.375 (= kinkāra- paṭissāvin Thag-a.252); Sdhp.249.

• -ānuvattin id.; f.
• -inī obedient, obliging (to one’s…

1. rain, shower Ja.iv.284; Ja.vi.486 (khaṇika sudden rain); Mil.307; Mhvs.21, Mhvs.31; Dhp-a.iii.163 (pokkhara˚ portentous); Snp-a.224 (mahā˚ deluge of rain); Pv-a.55 (vāta˚ wind & rain)
   ■ fig …

Vatthu¹

neuter lit. “ground,” hence

1. (lit.) object, real thing, property, thing, substance (cp. vatthu²!) AN.ii.209 (khetta˚, where khetta in lit. sense, cp. No. 2). Here bel …

Vaya¹ & vayo

neuter age, especially young age, prime, youth; meaning “old age” when characterized as such or contrasted to youth (the ord. term for old age being jarā). …

…meditation Vb-a.251

• -kāraka (avaṇṇe) one who makes something (unsightly) appear beautiful Ja.v.270.
• -da giving…

rope, cable Ja.iii.478 (nāvā sa-vaṭākarā).

probably distorted by metathesis from Sk. vaṭārakā. Fr. vaṭa rope. On etym. of the latter see Walde, Lat. Wtb. s. v. volvo

…Vb-a.133.

• -kāra a worker in brass. The meaning of vaṭṭa in this connection is not clear; the same vaṭṭa…

…vepulla vematta, vevicchā, veramaṇī, which Bdhgh explains simply as “vi-kārassa ve-kāraṃ katvā veramaṇī” Kp-a.24. Cp….

Vebhūtika & ˚ya

(adj. n.) causing disaster or ruin; nt. calumnious speech, bad language DN.iii.106 (˚ya); Snp.158 (˚ya); Vv.84#40 (˚ka; explained as “sahitānaṃ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṃ,” i.e. p …

Vebhūtika & ˚ya

(adj. n.) causing disaster or ruin; nt. calumnious speech, bad language DN.iii.106 (˚ya); Snp.158 (˚ya); Vv.84#40 (˚ka; explained as “sahitānaṃ vinābhāva-karaṇato vebhūtikaṃ,” i.e. p …

1. (nt.) answer, explanation, exposition DN.i.46, DN.i.51, DN.i.105, DN.i.223; DN.ii.202; AN.iii.125; AN.v.50 sq.; Snp.352, Snp.510, Snp.1127; Pp.43, Pp.50; Mil.347; DN-a.i.247.
2. (m.) one who is ex …

service, attention rendering a service; work, labour, commission, duty Vin.i.23; AN.iii.41; Ja.i.12 (kāya˚); Ja.vi.154; Snp-a.466; Vv-a.94; Thag-a.253. -kamma doing service, work Ja.iii.422; *- …

…˚kappa change round, ˚kāra per-turbation, *dis-*tortion ˚kāla wrong time, ˚tatha un-truth, ˚dhūma smoke-less, ˚patti…

-ā (f.) distinction, division, going into detail Ne.5, Ne.8 sq., Ne.38 (+ vivaraṇā uttāni-kammatā); Tikp.10; Snp-a.445 (vivaraṇa, v. uttāni-karaṇa); Dhs-a.343, Dhs-a.344. Cp. *[vibhājana](/de …

adverb dividing, analysing, detailing; in detail (˚-) DN.iii.229 (˚vyākaraṇīya pañha “discriminating reply” translation); AN.ii.46 (˚vacana analysis)- -vāda the Vibhajja doctrine, i.e. the doctri …

…motto Vism.278 (manasikāra˚, eightfold); Pv-a.78 (dāna˚ = dāna), Pv-a.126; Vv-a.82
■ instr. vidhinā in…

…of kathaṃ-vidha: “ākāra-saṇṭhānaṃ vidhā nāma”) DN-a.i.222 (iddhi˚), DN-a.i.294 (in explⁿ of tividha-yañña…

…Vb-a.69, Vb-a.71 (manasikāra˚) Thag-a.273 (id.). 2. ceremony, rite Ja.vi.202 (yañña˚) Mil.3. 3. assignment, disposition, provision…

…vyakāsi Ja.ii.166 (= vikāraṃ akāsi parivattayi C.); so read for T. vyākāsi
imper Pass. 3 sg. vikiriyyatu “let him be disturbed”…

…vikī˚; variant reading vikāraṇa & vikkir˚) = Pp.23 (which reads nikaraṇā; trsl. “guilefulness”). In this connection Vb-a.493…

…p. 147). 5. deception, fraud Pv-a.211 (= nikati)

■ Cp. nibbikāra.

fr. vi + kṛ.

distortion, grimace (mukha˚) Snp-a.30.

cp. vikuṇita & vikāra

…(has g for gh, cp. p. 547)
■ Cp. hattha-vikāra.

fr. vilangheti

worker in bamboo, a basketmaker Vin.iii.82; Mil.331; Vb-a.222 (˚ka in simile) Pv-a.175.

vilīva + kāra

change, mutation, alteration Ja.vi.370; Dhp-a.i.28; Vv-a.46.

vi + pakāra

hindered, obstructed, disturbed SN.i.236; Snp.248, Snp.630; Mnd.239; Mil.99, Mil.310; Ja.i.97
■ Often neg. a˚ unobstructed, free SN.i.236 SN.iv.71; AN.iii.276 (˚ka); Dhp.406; Snp.365, Snp.704, Snp.8 …

noise, sound (of animals), cry Snp.927; explained as “virudaṃ [spelling with d, like ruda for ruta] vuccati-miga-cakkaṃ; miga-cakka-pāthakā [i.e. experts in the ways of animals; knowers of auspice …

Viseni˚

“without an enemy,” in -katvā making armyless, i.e. disarming Snp.833, Snp.1078. Explained in the Niddesa as “keep away as enemies, conquering” Mnd.174 = Cnd.602 (where Nd i.reads paṭiseni …

indeclinable separately, individually; separate, apart Dhp-a.ii.26 (mātā-pitaro visuṃ honti). Usually repeated (distributively) visuṃ visuṃ each on his own, one by one, separately, e.g. Vism.250; …

…vitakka with vicāra kumbhakārassa daṇḍa-ppahārena cakkaṃ bhamayitvā bhājanaṃ karontassa uppīḷana-hattho viya vitakko (like the…

Vitta¹

property, wealth, possessions, luxuries SN.i.42; Snp.181 sq., Snp.302; Ja.v.350, Ja.v.445; Ja.vi.308; Pv.ii.8#1 (= vittiyā upakaraṇa-bhūtaṃ vittaṃ Pv-a.106)
■ Often in phrase *\ …

preparation, display, distinction, splendour, majesty Snp.299 (= sampatti Snp-a.319).

vi + ākāra

…It seems to stand for vokāra, unless we take it to be a misspelling for vodāya “cutting off,” fr….

…disadvantage (cp. vikāra 3) Pv-a.12 (li ne.1 read: anek ākāra-vokāraṃ).

v(i) + okāra; cp. vikāra

Vy˚

is the semi-vowel (i.e. half-consonantic) form of vi˚; before following a & ā (vya˚, vyā), very rarely ū & o; The prefix vi˚ is very unstable, and a variety of forms are also attached to …

1. answer (pañha˚), explanation, exposition AN.i.197 AN.ii.46; AN.iii.119; Snp-a.63, Snp-a.99; Kp-a.75, Kp-a.76.
2. grammar (as one of the 6 angas) Snp-a.447; Pv-a.97.
3. prediction Ja.i.34, Ja. …

see viy˚.

adjective doing service, active, busy; eager, keen intent on (loc.), busy with AN.iv.195 (mayi = worrying about me); Ja.iii.315 (su˚); Ja.iv.371 (kiccâkiccesu v. uyyatta C.); Ja.v.395 (= ussukka); Ja. …

Vākarā = vāgulā

net, snare MN.i.153 (daṇḍa˚, dvandva); MN.ii.65
■ As vākara at Ja.iii.541; as vākura at Thag.774.

Vāgura & ˚ā

feminine a net; as -a Ja.vi.170 Kp-a.47 (sūkara˚); Thag-a.78; as -ā Ja.vi.582. Another P. form is vākarā.

cp. Epic & Class. Sk. vāgurā; to Idg. *ṷeg to weave, as in Lat. velum …

Vāgura & ˚ā

feminine a net; as -a Ja.vi.170 Kp-a.47 (sūkara˚); Thag-a.78; as -ā Ja.vi.582. Another P. form is vākarā.

cp. Epic & Class. Sk. vāgurā; to Idg. *ṷeg to weave, as in Lat. velum …

˚- speech, voice, talk; only in cpd. -karaṇa talk, speaking conversation, as kālyāṇa-vāk-karaṇa good speech AN.ii.97; AN.iii.195, AN.iii.261; AN.iv.296 sq.; AN.iv.328; AN.v.155; abstr -ta A …

the bark of a tree DN.i.167; Vin.iii.34; Ja.i.304; Ja.ii.141; Vism.249 = Vb-a.232 (akka˚ & makaci˚); Mil.128
■ avāka without bark Ja.iii.522.

• -cīra (= cīvar …

Vākarā = vāgulā

net, snare MN.i.153 (daṇḍa˚, dvandva); MN.ii.65
■ As vākara at Ja.iii.541; as vākura at Thag.774.

Vāla¹

1. the hair of the tail horse-hair, tail Vin.ii.195 = Ja.v.335 (pahaṭṭha-kaṇṇavāla with bristling ears & tail, of an elephant); Ja.v.274 (so read for phāla, cp. p …

Vāsa¹

clothing; adj. (-˚) clothed in Ja.vi.47 (hema-kappana-vāsase).

vas to clothe, see vasati¹

Vāsa²

1. living, sojourn, life Snp.191; Mhv …

…Vb.227; Tikp.2; Ne.16 (˚samādhi), Ne.42; DN-a.i.106; Snp-a.349 (vīmaṃsa-kāra = sankheyya-kāra)
■ Cp….

…Ja.i.320; pesakāra˚; weaver st. Dhp-a.i.424; bhatakāra˚ soldier st. Dhp-a.i.233
■ or after the main kind of traffic…

Ya-kāra

1. the letter (or sound) y: Ja.i.430 (padasandhikara); Ja.iii.433 (vyañjana-sandhi-vasena gahita).
2. the letter (or syllable) ya:…

to sacrifice, to make an offering (yaññaṃ); to give alms or gifts-In the P. literature it refers (with yañña, sacrifice) either (when critical) to the Brahmanic rites of sacrificing to the gods accor …

Yaka-peḷa

the lump of the liver Snp.195 (= yakana-piṇḍa Snp-a.247) = Ja.i.146. Dines Andersen suggests: “Could y- p. possibly be an old error for sakapeḷa cp. Sk. śaka-piṇḍa & śakṛt-piṇḍa?” Cp. …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

female yakkha, a vampire. Their character is usually fierce & full of spite & vengeance, addicted to man- & beast-murder (cp. yakkha 2). They are very much like Petīs in habits. With their names cp. …

1. (adj.) double, twin; only in foll. combinations: -pāṭihāriya (& ˚hīra); the miracle of the double appearances, a miracle performed by the Buddha in Sāvatthī to refute the heretical teachers (cp. …

adverb as, like, in relation to, after (the manner of)
■ As prep. (with acc.): according (to some condition, norm or rule): yathā kāmaṃ (already Vedic) according to his desire …

adverb wherefrom, by which, out of which

1. (local) from where DN.i.240 (uggacchanti candima-suriyā; opp. yattha where).
2. (temporal) whence since, when, from which time Vv-a.344 (yato paṭṭhāya). …

…of barley SN.iv.201. -kāraṇḍava chaff of corn (or barley) AN.iv.169. -kummāsa…

…Ja.vi.200 (yañña-kāraka-brāhmaṇa), Ja.vi.211 sq.; DN-a.i.267; Dhp-a.ii.6.

• -āgāra a hall for sacrifices Pp.56 (=…

lit. “according to the majority,” i.e. a vote of majority of the Chapter; name of one of the adhikaraṇa-samathas, or means of settling a dispute
■ Vin.ii.84 (anujānāmi bh. adhikaraṇaṃ yebhuyyasik …

…Dhp.209 (= yoniso manasikāra Dhp-a.iii.275), Dhp.282 (same explⁿ at Dhp-a.iii.421); Mil.3 Vb.324 (yoga-vihitesu kamm’ &…

…Pv-a.63. See also manasikāra
■ Opp. ayoniso manasikāra disorderly or distracted attention DN.iii.273; Vb-a.148 Thag-a.79. In BSk….

…(of a gate).

• -kāra acting properly Pv-a.66.
• -kārin acting rightly Mil.49. *…

…y. bahu bhāsati = yattakena kāraṇena Dhp-a.iii.383), 259, 266 (similarly, C. yattakena); Snp.759 (yāvat’ atthī ti vuccati; explained at…

relation, relative (= mātito pitito ca sambandhā Pv-a.25; = bandhū Pv-a.86; specialized as ˚sālohitā, see below). Pl. ñātayo (Pv.i.4#3; Kp-a.209 Kp-a.214) and ñātī (MN.ii.73; Kp-a.210, Kp-a.213 …

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

…Ja.v.313; Ja.vi.520; kāraṇākāraṇāni all sorts of duties Ja.vi.333; Dhp-a.i.385; khaṇḍākhaṇḍa pêle-mêle Ja.i.114;…

rinsing, washing with water, used

1. for the mouth DN.i.12 (= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DN-a.i.98).
2. after evacuation Ja.iii.486.

• -kumbhī water-pitcher used for rinsing …

concentration, attention, mindfulness Snp-a.290 (+ daḷhīkaraṇa), Snp-a.398 (id.).

ā + dhāraṇatā

…Snp.358 (acc. ādiṃ = kāraṇaṃ Snp-a.351); Dhp.375 (nom. ādi); Mil.10 (ādimhi); Ja.vi.567 (abl. ādito from the beginning). For use as…

disadvantage, danger (in or through = loc.) DN.i.38 (vedanānaṃ assādañ ca ādīnavañ ca etc.), DN.i.213 (iddhi-pāṭihāriye MN.i.318; SN.i.9 (ettha bhīyo), SN.ii.170 sq. (dhātūnaṃ); SN.iii.27, SN.iii.62, …

1. come, arrived Mil.18 (˚kāraṇa the reason of his coming); Vv-a.78 (˚ṭṭhāna); Pv-a.81 (kiṃ āgat’attha why have you come here) come…

“one who is beaten”, a slave, a worker (of low grade) Vin.iv.224 (in def. of kammakāra, as bhaṭaka + ā).

fr. āhata

…nutriment, viz.

1. kabaḷinkāra āhāro (bodily nutriment, either oḷāriko gross, solid, or sukhumo fine)
2. phassāhāro Name of contact, 3….

…sārathissa cittarucitaṃ kāraṇaṃ ājānana-sabhāvo ājañño, and Dhp-a.iv.4: yaṃ assadamma-sārathi kāraṇaṃ kāreti tassa…

…sārathissa cittarucitaṃ kāraṇaṃ ājānana-sabhāvo ājañño, and Dhp-a.iv.4: yaṃ assadamma-sārathi kāraṇaṃ kāreti tassa…

mine, usually in cpd. ratan-ākara a mine of jewels Thag.1049; Ja.ii.414; Ja.vi.459; Dpvs.i.18
■ Cp. also Mil.356; Vv-a.13.

cp. Sk. ākara

…way, mode, manner, sa-ākāra in all their modes DN.i.13 = DN.i.82 = DN.iii.111; Ja.i.266 (āgaman˚ the mode of his coming). Esp. in instr….

appearance; reason, manner (cp. ākāra⁴) Ja.i.269 (ākārakena = kāraṇena C.).

ākāra + ka

adjective having a reason, reasonable, founded MN.i.401 (saddhā).

fr. ākāra

…Ja.ii.34; Dhs.617 (opp. andhakāra); Vv-a.51 (dīp˚). 3. (clear) sight, power of observation, intuition, in comb^n. with vijjā…

piece (cut off), a bit (of food) morsel, esp. bits of food gathered by bhikkhus DN.i.5 = AN.v.206; AN.iii.176; AN.ii.209; AN.iii.304; AN.iv.318; Thag.1055; Iti.18; Pv.ii.1#7; Pp.58; Mil.231, Mil.406; …

breaking off, falling off (?) or forming into bits(?) Dhp-a.ii.55 (˚gūtha).

reading not sure, to ālumpati or ālopa

…See also iñjati.

• -kāraṇa trick of immovability, i.e. pretending to be dead (done by an elephant, but see…

praise i.e. that which is commendable, profit, merit, advantage good result, blessing in or from (c. loc.). There are five ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīla-sampadāya or blessings which accrue to the virtuous …

an ecclesiastical offence (cp.; Kvu trsl. 362 n. 1), Vin.i.103 (˚khandha), Vin.i.164 (˚ṃ paṭikaroti), Vin.i.322 (˚ṃ passati), Vin.i.354 (avasesā & anavasesā); Vin.ii.2 sq. (˚ṃ ropeti), Vin.ii.59, Vi …

1. attempt, effort, inception of energy (cp. Dhs trsl. 15 & K. S. p. 318 giving Commentary defined as kicca, karaṇīya, attha, i.e. 1. undertaking duty, 2. object. SN.i.76 (mah˚); SN.v.66, SN.v.104 …

…Ja.iv.6 (cakkaṃ = kumbhakāra-cakkam iva bhamati C.); Ja.v.291. What does an-āviddha at Pv-a.135 mean?

pp. of āvijjhati 2, cp. BSk….

1. = āvāha, i.e. marriage, taking a wife DN.i.11 (= āvāha-karaṇa DN-a.i.96).
2. “getting up, bringing together”, i.e. a mass, a group or formation, in senā˚ a contingent of an army Ja.iv.91.

ā + v …

…as sañjāti and as kāraṇa (origin & cause i.e. mutually occasioning & conditioning relations or adaptations). See also Cnd under rūpa…

1. binding, bandage Vin.ii.135; Vv.33#41; Vv-a.142 (˚paṭṭa).
2. yoke Dhs.1061 (avijj˚), Dhs.1162.
3. ornament, decoration Mnd.226; Ja.iii.447 (˚vatta, for variant reading ˚vanta?).
4. occupation, dev …

…Cp. BSk. āyuḥ-saṃskāra Divy.203.

Vedic āyus; Av. āyu, gradation form of same root as Gr. αἰών “aeon”, αἰέν always; Lat….

…noun a cook DN.i.51 (= bhattakāraka DN-a.i.157); Ja.v.296 (bhattakāraka C.); Ja.v.307; Ja.vi.276 (˚iya, C. ˚ika = sūpika) Mil.331.

Sk….

…noun a cook DN.i.51 (= bhattakāraka DN-a.i.157); Ja.v.296 (bhattakāraka C.); Ja.v.307; Ja.vi.276 (˚iya, C. ˚ika = sūpika) Mil.331.

Sk….

…consideration, examination Mil.32 (“comprehension” trsl.; as characteristic of manasikāra); Vism.142 = Dhs-a.114 (“prescinding” trsl….

…mukkhe ṭh. Ja.vi.366 ˚sankāra (dustheap) Pv-a.82; pariccajane ṭh. appointed for the distribution of gifts Pv-a.124. 2. suspended left over,…

…Dhp.309 (states = dukkhakāraṇāni Dhp-a.iii.482 conditions of suffering or ordeals); hattha-pasāraṇa-ṭṭhāna condition of…