1. (lit.) a field, a plot of land, arable land, a site, DN.i.231; SN.i.134 (bījaṃ khette virūhati; in simile); three kinds of fields at SN.iv.315, viz. agga˚ majjhima˚, hīna˚ (in simile); AN.i.229 = A …

…between ava & o* ###

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents…

to shake, to quiver, to be agitated, to be disturbed, to be angry. aor. kuppi, pp. kupita, ger. kuppa, caus. kopeti AN.iii.101 Snp.826, Snp.854; Pp.11, Pp.12, Pp.30. Of the wind Mil …

Karīsa¹

neuter a square measure of land, being that space on which a karīsa of seed can be sown (Tamil karīsa) see Rhys Davids, Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon, p. 18; Ja.i.94, Ja.i …

…No. 2.). Thirdly, in stock phrase “rājâraha rājabhogga rañño angan t’ eva sankhaṃ gacchati,” i.e. worthy of a king, imperial, he…

…No. 2.). Thirdly, in stock phrase “rājâraha rājabhogga rañño angan t’ eva sankhaṃ gacchati,” i.e. worthy of a king, imperial, he…

…for ˚parohita!). -pphoṭana [a-pphoṭana; ā + ph.] a Brahmaapplause divine or greatest applause Dhp-a.iii.210 (cp Mil.13;…

…for ˚parohita!). -pphoṭana [a-pphoṭana; ā + ph.] a Brahmaapplause divine or greatest applause Dhp-a.iii.210 (cp Mil.13;…

…(Tha-ap.17).

fr. phal = *sphal or *sphaṭ; (see phalati), lit. that which is split or cut off (cp. in same…

…dānāni (Iti.98), piyā, phalāni (Snp.896; Iti.39), mittā, sinehā etc. See Nd ii.under dve, cp. AN.i.47 AN.i.100; DN.iii.212–⁠DN.iii.214 …

…& related quadrupeds (elephant, op. P. koñca, kuñjara; pig, boar)- 2. Inanimate N.: the roaring, crashing, thundering noises (P…

…by pop analogy, perhaps to phal = sphaṭ; to split; thus kaṭṭh’atthaṃ pharati = to be split up for fuel] to serve as, only with…

…nāpi etc., or with cuphonic consonant y: nayidaṃ (Iti.29, Ja.iv.3), nayidha (Iti.36, Iti.37) nayimaṃ (Iti.15) etc. As double negation…

…gaṇhanto Ja.i.114; arahattaphalena k. gaṇhiṃ Thag-a.99.

• -aṅga the shoulder Vv.15#8 (= Vv-a.123).
• -āgāra…

…Ja.v.155 (akkhassa phalakaṃ yathā; C.: suvaṇṇaphalakaṃ viya, i.e. shiny, like the polished surface of an axle); Mil.27 (+…

…Ja.i.167; maṃsena c’ eva phalāphalena ca with flesh as well as with all kinds of fruit Ja.iii.127 subhaddako c’ eva supesalo ca Ja.iii.82;…

Bhuja¹

masculine & neuter the arm Snp.48 (explained by Cnd.478 as hattha, hand); Snp.682 (pl. bhujāni); Ja.v.91, Ja.v.309; Ja.vi.64 Bv.i.36; Vv.64#18.

cp. Epic & Class. Sk. bhuja m. & bhu …

Thala¹

neuter dry ground, viz. high, raised (opp. low) or solid, firm (opp. water) SN.iv.179. As plateau opp. to ninna (low lying place) at Snp.30 (Snp-a.42 = ukkūla) Dhp.98; Iti.66 = SN. …

…etc. 3. ni is freq. emphasised by saṃ as saṃni˚ (tud, dhā pat, sad); nis most freq. by abhi as abhinis˚ (nam, pad vatt,…

…beggings 7. rukkha-phala, the fruit of a tree 8. asisūna, a slaughter-house 9. satti-sūla, a sharp stake 10. sappa-sira, a…

…of an army consisting of elephants, chariots cavalry & infantry DN.ii.190; Ja.ii.102, Ja.ii.104; Vism.146; Snp-a.225, Snp-a.353; Dhp-a.iv.144;…

Dakkha¹

adjective dexterous skilled, handy, able, clever DN.i.45, DN.i.74, DN.i.78; DN.iii.190 (+ analasa) MN.i.119; MN.iii.2; SN.i.65; Cnd.141 (+ analasa & sampajāna); Ja.iii.247; DN-a …

…a tusk, fang, esp. an elephant’s tusk; ivory Vin.ii.117 (nāga-d. a pin of ivory); Kp ii. (as one of the taca-pañcaka, or 5 dermatic…

…mode of existing, element, sphere of being, and out of this use is developed the periphrastic use of gam˚, which places it on the same level…

…Law, a professor of moral philosophy Ja.ii.105 Dhp-a.ii.71

• -pada a profitable saying, a word of good sense, text motto AN.ii.189 AN.iii.356…

to bristle, stand on end (said of the hair) Vin.iii.8; MN.i.79; Caus. haṃseti to cause to bristle Ja.v.154
pp haṭṭha.

cp. Vedic harṣate Idg. *ĝher to bri …

Ki˚

second. stem of interr. pron. (cp. ka˚ ku˚).

1. in oblique cases of ko (kaḥ), as gen. kissa. loc. kismiṃ & kiṃhi.
2. in nt. kiṃ what? (cp. Gr. τί, Lat. quid; ending-m besides- …

…Ja.v.215 Ja.v.216.

• -phala = ˚pakka, in ˚rukkha a tree with unknown (poisonous) fruit Ja.i.271. *…

…sadā; but at Snp-a.128 by phāsu-kālena “in good time”); -kāle kāle from time to time, or repeatedly Vv-a.352. See also cira˚,…

…(in combination with other emphatic or executive particles) [api ca](/define/api ca) further, and also moreover DN.i.96; Mil.25, Mil.47. *-[api…

…saviour; usually in phrase dukkhass’a (of the Buddha) MN.i.48, MN.i.531; AN.ii.2; AN.iii.400 sq.; Thag.195; Iti.18; Snp.32, Snp.337,…

to fall from, to be deprived of (c. abl.) to be gone DN.iii.184 (with abl. asmā lokā dh.) AN.ii.67 AN.v.76, AN.v.77; Iti.11; Thag.225, Thag.610; Ja.iii.260, Ja.iii.318, Ja.iii.441, Ja.iii.457 Ja.iv.61 …

…sadā; but at Snp-a.128 by phāsu-kālena “in good time”); -kāle kāle from time to time, or repeatedly Vv-a.352. See also cira˚,…

…Pv.i.8#7
■ In phrase anupādāya nibbuta: SN.ii.279; AN.i.162; AN.iv.290 = Dhp.414 = Snp.638
■ In other connections:…

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

1. the mouth Snp.608, Snp.1022 (with ref. to the long tongue, pahūta-jivha, of the Buddha or Mahāpurisa) Ja.ii.7; DN-a.i.287 (uttāna˚ clear mouthed, i.e. easy to understand, cp. DN.i.116); Pv-a.11, …

Majjati¹

is represented in Pali by mujjati, as found esp. in cpds ummujjati & nimujjati.

majj to immerse, submerge, cp. Lat. mergo

Majjati²

to wipe, po …

…Vb.350 (where mada is paraphrased by majjanā majjitattaṃ māno… uṇṇati… dhajo sampaggāho ketukamyatā cittassa: same formula, as…

…Often combined with other emphatic or dubitative particles, like [api nu](/define/api nu) Vin.ii.303; DN.i.97; nu idha, contr. to…

1. a gem, jewel. At several places one may interpret as “crystal.” DN.i.7 (as ornament); Dhp.161; Ja.vi.265 (agghiya, precious). In simile at DN.i.76 (maṇi veḷuriyo). On maṇi in similes see J.P.T.S. …

…as a rule placed after the emphasized word at the beginning of the sentence: puññañ ce puriso kayirā Dhp.118; brāhmaṇo ce tvaṃ brūsi…

1. a bee Ja.v.205 (˚vaṇṇa bee-coloured, i.e. of black colour, in explⁿ of kaṇha); Thig.252. Usually in similes, e.g. at Dhp.49 (cp. Dhp-a.i.374 sq.); Vism.142, Vism.152; Snp-a.139.
2. …

…Asilesā, Maghā, Pubba-phaggunī [Sk. Pūrva-phalgunī). Uttara˚, Hattha, Cittā [Sk Chaitra], Sāti [Svātī], Visākhā, Anurādhā,…

Bhuñjati¹

to eat (in general), to enjoy, make use of, take advantage of, use Snp.102, Snp.240, Snp.259, Snp.619; Dhp.324 Pp.55.
pot bhuñjeyya Snp.400; Dhp.308, 2^nd pl *bhuñj …

mouse SN.ii.270 (mudu˚ a tender, little m.).

Venic mūṣ & mūḥ mouse or rat; cp. Lat. mūs Gr. μϋς, Ohg. mūs = E. mouse. Not to muṣ to steal but to same root as Lat. moveo, to move

…Sdhp.604. sā˚, miga˚ the sphere or region of dogs wild animals Mil.178; cakkena (instr.) in succession Pv-a iii. cakkaṃ kātabbaṃ, or…

mother
■ Cases: nom. sg mātā Snp.296; Dhp.43; Ja.iv.463; Ja.v.83; Ja.vi.117; Cnd.504 (def. as janikā); gen. mātu Thag.473; Vin.i.17; Ja.i.52 mātuyā Ja.i.53; Mhvs.10, Mhvs.80; Pv-a.31; and * …

…the genuineness of the phrase parūḷha˚. 2. an arrow (made of reed) MN.i.429 (kaṇḍo… yen’ amhi viddho yadi vā kacchaṃ yadi vā…

to give, etc.

I. Forms

The foll. bases form the Pāli verb-system: dā, dāy, dadā & di.

1. Bases dā & (reduced); da
   1. dā˚: fut. dassati Ja.i.113, Ja.i.279 Ja.i …

to spit out, to vomit, throw away; abandon, leave reject Vin.214 sq.; Vin.iv.265; MN.i.207; SN.i.169 (chaṭṭehi wrongly for chaḍḍehi) = Snp.p.15; Ja.i.61, Ja.i.254, Ja.i.265, Ja.i.292 Ja.v.427; Pp.33; …

adjective

1. right (opp vāma left), with a tinge of the auspicious, lucky prominent: Vin.ii.195 (hattha); Pv-a.112, Pv-a.132 (id.) Pts.i.125. hattha, pāda, etc. with ref. to a Tathāgata’s body); Ja …

Mināti¹

to measure Vb-a.108 (see etym. of mitta); Pot. mine Ja.v.468 (= mineyya C.) fut. minissati Sdhp.585. ger. minitvā Vism.72; grd minitabba Ja.v.90
pass *[mīyati](/define/m …

(cid in Sandhi) indef. interr particle (always-˚), in koci (= Sk. kaścid) whoever kiñci (kincid-eva) whatever, kadāci at some time or any time, etc. (q.v.), see also ca, cana, ce.

V …

adjective pleasant, charming sweet, lovely (only with ref. to the voice) DN.ii.211, DN.ii.227 (one of the 8 characteristics of Brahmā’s & the Buddha’s voice: see bindu & aṭṭhanga); …

1. pp. broken up powdered; only in cpd. -vicuṇṇa crushed to bits smashed up, piecemeal Ja.i.73; Ja.ii.120, Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.216; Ja.iii.74
2. (nt.)
   1. any hard substance ground into a powder dus …

waste or fallow land AN.iii.248; fig. barrenness of mind, mental obstruction. There are five ceto-khilā enumerated in detail at MN.i.101 = AN.iv.460; DN.iii.238 (see under ceto); …

Babbu & ˚ka

Epic a cat Ja.i.480 (= biḷāra C.) = Dhp-a.ii.152.

Sk. babhruka a kind of ichneumon; Vedic babhru brown, cp. Lat. fiber = beaver, further connection “bear,” see Walde, Lat. Wtb. s. v. fiber

Dayati¹

= dayati (q.v.) to fly Ja.iv.347 (+ uppatati); Ja.vi.145 (dayassu = uyyassu Com.).

Dayati²

= to have pity (c. loc.), to sympathize, to be kind Ja.vi.445 (dayitabba), …

A-¹

the prep. ā shortened before double cons., as akkosati (ā + kruś), akkhāti (ā + khyā), abbahati (ā + bṛh)

Best to be classed here is the a- we call expletive. …

adjective

1. (lit.) blind, blinded, blindfolded Ja.i.216 (dhūm˚); Pv.iv.1#48; Pv-a.3
   ■ dark, dull, blinding MN.iii.151 (˚andhaṃ adv. dulled); Snp.669 (Ep. of timisa, like Vedic andhaṃ tamaḥ); D …

adverb below, usually comb^d. or contrasted with uddhaṃ “above” and tiriyaṃ “across”, describing the 3 dimensions
■ uddhaṃ and …

… > Toevoegselen

) in phrase ˚hetu, by inner reason or by reason of its intensity Pv-a.10; Vv-a.12

• -jana “the…

…transitiving or simply emphatic. E.g. ˚kampā *com-*passion, ˚kiṇṇa be-set, ˚gaṇhāti take pity on, ˚gāyati be-singen,…

…ava = down, cp. E. off) & phonetic affinity (p softened to b, esp. in BB Mss., & then to v, as b → v is frequent, e.g. bya˚ → vya˚ etc.)….

Abhi-

I. Meaning

1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering, as contained in E. coming by and over-coming, thus literally having the function of facing …

to be worthy of, to deserve, to merit (= Lat. debeo) Snp.431, Snp.552 (rājā arahasi bhavituṃ); Ja.i.262; Dhp.9, Dhp.10, Dhp.230; Pv.iii.6#6
ppr arahant (q.v.). Cp. also adj. araha …

…(elephant) Vin.iii.6 (pañcamattehi assa-satehi), Vin.iii.52 (enumerated under catuppadā, quadrupeds with hatthi…

Babbu & ˚ka

Epic a cat Ja.i.480 (= biḷāra C.) = Dhp-a.ii.152.

Sk. babhruka a kind of ichneumon; Vedic babhru brown, cp. Lat. fiber = beaver, further connection “bear,” see Walde, Lat. Wtb. s. v. fiber

wilderness, barren land SN.i.100; Vv.77#6 (= arañña Vv-a.302); Ja.ii.191, Ja.ii.317.

vi + vana

…range of ā (q.v.), the only phrases being the foll. viz cakkāticakkaṃ mañcātimañcaṃ bandhati to heap carts upon carts, couches upon…

Añjati¹

See añja, añjaya, añjali, añjasa.

= Sk. ṛñjati, ṛjyati to stretch, pull along, draw out, erect; cp. Sk. ṛju straight, caus. irajyati; Gr. ὀρέγω Lat. rego, rectus = erect. See also …

to swim or float to (acc.), in uncertain reading as aor. upaplaviṃ at Snp.1145 (dīpā dīpaṃ upaplaviṃ floated from land to land vv.ll. at Snp-a.606 uppalaviṃ & upallaviṃ; all MSS. of Cnd.p.54 & no. …

corner, edge (= aṃsa² Vv.78#2 (= aṃsa-bhāga Vv-a.303).

cp. Vedic aśri, aśra, aśani; Gr. α ̓́κρος pointed, α ̓́κρις, also ὀςύς sharp: Lat. ācer sharp. Further connections in Walde Lat …

…the sphere or fold of a sect (cp. titthiya Vin.i.60, Vin.i.69; Vin.ii.279; MN.i.483; AN.i.173; Pp.22; Dhs.381, Dhs.1003 (cp….

man (in poetry esp. a brave, strong heroic man), pl. either “men” or “people” (the latter e.g. at Snp.776, Snp.1082; Pv.i.11#12)
■ AN.i.130 AN.ii.5; AN.iii.53; Snp.39, Snp.96, Snp.116, Snp.329, Snp. …

the head, etc. Only in cpd. mattha-luṅga [cp. Sk. mastulunga] the brain Vin.i.274; Snp.199; Kp iii.; Ja.i.493; Kp-a.60; Vism.260 (in detail), Vism.264, Vism.359; Vb-a.63, Vb-a.243, Vb-a.249; Dh …

wood, piece of wood; pl. woodwork, sticks AN.i.112; Iti.71; Dhp.80; Ja.ii.102; Ja.iii.54; Ja.vi.366; Dhp-a.i.393; Pv-a.76 (candana˚) Pv-a.141.

• -kuṭikā a hut, log-house Vin. …

adjective firm, strong, solid; steady, fast nt. adv. very much, hard, strongly DN.i.245; SN.i.77; AN.ii.33; Snp.321 (nāvā), Snp.357, Snp.701, Snp.821 (˚ṃ karoti to strengthen), Snp.966 (id.); Dhp.112; …

…vā Pp.66 3. as a geographical-political unit in the constitution of a kingdom, enumerated in two sets:

1. gāma-nigamarājadhāniyo…

excrements, faeces, dung. As food for Petas frequently mentioned in Pv; (cp. Stede, Peta Vatthu 24 sq.), as a decoction of dung also used for medicinal purposes (Vin.i.206 e.g.). Often combination w …

…-phālana bursting of the heart Ja.i.282 -maṃsa the flesh of the heart, the heart Ja.i.278,…

kind of measure Vb-a.343 (36 rattareṇus equal to one likkhā 7 likkhās equal to 1 ūkā); Kp-a.43 (˚matta).

*Sk. likṣā egg of a louse, as measure equal to 8 trasareṇu (BR.)
■ Connected with Lat. ri …

1. The Vedic god Indra DN.i.244; DN.ii.261, DN.ii.274; Snp.310, Snp.316, Snp.679, Snp.1024; Mnd.177.
2. lord, chief, king; Sakko devānaṃ indo DN.i.216, DN.i.217; DN.ii.221, DN.ii.275; SN.i.219 Vepacit …

1. a (hot room for bathing purposes, a sitzbath Vin.i.47, Vin.i.139 Vin.ii.119, Vin.ii.220 sq., Vin.ii.280; Vin.iii.55; MN.iii.126; Ja.ii.25, Ja.ii.144 Vism.18; Dpvs.viii.45.
2. living room Ja.i.449. …

…for head & neck (of an elephant), veilings, ribbon Vv.21#9 = Vv.69#9 (= gīveyyaka Vv-a); Ja.iv.395 (kacchaṃ nāgānaṃ bandhatha gīveyyaṃ…

adjective terrible, frightful, awful Vin.ii.147. Freq. as attr. of niraya (syn. with dāruṇa Pv-a.87, Pv-a.159, Pv-a.206) Pv.i.10#12; Pv.iv.1#8. Of an oath (sapatha Pv.i.6#8; Pv.ii.12#16
■ ghorass …

Kantati¹

to plait, twist, spin, esp. suttaṃ (thread) Vin.iv.300; Pv-a.75; Dhp-a.iii.273; kappāsaṃ AN.iii.295. Cp pari˚.

Sk. kṛṇatti, *qert, cp. kata, & Lat. cratis, crassus, E. crate …

…is very often used periphrastically, where the translation would simply employ the noun as verb, e.g. kathaṃ k˚ DN.ii.98; kodhaṃ k˚ and…

…Snp.197; Ja.i.146.

• -cālana shaking the ears Ja.iii.99.
• -cūḷa the root of the ear Ja.vi.488; as ˚cūlikā at…

1. to jump over (acc.) step over, to hop Ja.iii.272; Ja.v.472 (langhamāno yāti); Mil.85.
2. to make light of, disregard neglect, transgress Pv-a.15; Vv-a.138
   ■ Cp. abhilaṅghati, ullaṅghati

c …

club, cudgel Vin.iii.77 (enumerated with var. weapons of murder, like asi, satti, bheṇḍi pāsāṇa etc.); Mil.152, Mil.351 (kodaṇḍa-laguḷa-muggara), Mil.355 (kilesa˚); Ja.vi.394; Vism.525 (˚abhighāta). …

An axe, a hatchet Vin.iii.144; SN.iv.160, SN.iv.167; MN.i.233 = SN.iii.141 AN.i.141; AN.ii.201; AN.iv.171; Ja.i.431; Dhp-a.iii.59; Pv-a.277 Purisassa hi jātassa kuthārī jāyate mukhe “when man is bor …

Lagati & Laggati

to adhere to, stick (fast) to (loc.), to hang from Vin.i.202; Ja.iii.120; Dhp-a.i.131; Dhp-a.iii.298 (ppr. alaggamāna); DN-a.i.257 (for abhisajjati); aor. laggi …

…or an unfit, i.e. bad sphere of life, in gocare & agocare carati to move in a congenial or uncongenial sphere AN.iii.389; AN.iv.345 sq….

…in phrase gaṇārāmo gaṇarato gaṇārāmataṃ anuyutto: a lover of the crowd AN.iii.422 sq.; MN.iii.110 = Nd ii.on…

Lagati & Laggati

to adhere to, stick (fast) to (loc.), to hang from Vin.i.202; Ja.iii.120; Dhp-a.i.131; Dhp-a.iii.298 (ppr. alaggamāna); DN-a.i.257 (for abhisajjati); aor. laggi …