Sara¹

1. the reed Saccharum sara Mil.342.
2. an arrow (orig. made of that reed) DN.i.9; Dhp.304; Mil.396; Dhp-a.216 (visa-pīta).

• -tuṇḍa a beak as sharp as an arrow …

…value DN.ii.346
■ asāra worthless Snp.937; nissāra the same Ja.ii.163 (pithless); mahāsāra of high value Ja.i.384…

…son of King Bimbisāra and of Padumavatī, the belle of Ujjeni. When the boy was seven years old, his mother sent him to the king and he…

…if necessary. When Bimbisāra learnt of the prince’s intentions he abdicated in his favour. But Devadatta was not satisfied till Bimbisāra,…

…Vesāli became very prosperous through her. It was this that prompted Bimbisāra to get a courtesan for his own city of Rājagaha. Vin.i.268

…of Rājagaha and King Bimbisāra asked to be allowed to help. After the meal, which he served to the Buddha with his own hand, he invited the…

AyujjhāAyojjhā

Two visits of the Buddha to this city are recorded in the Canon; on one occasion he preached the Phena Sutta SN.iii.140ff. and on the other the Dārukkhandha Sutta, although the latte …

…the hospitality of Bimbisāra. At the conclusion of the meal, Bimbisāra poured water from a golden jar on the Buddha’s hand and dedicated…

…shown by the fact that Bimbisāra sent his own physician, Jīvaka, to attend to the son of the Treasurer of Benares Vin.i.275. The distance from…

A World ruler. The world itself means “Turner of the Wheel,” the Wheel (Cakka) being the well known Indian symbol of empire. More than one thousand sons are his; his dominions extend throughout the …

…owed allegiance to Bimbisāra, as king of Māgadha, and Bimbisāra had given a royal fief in Campā to the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa….

…with jaundice, he asked Bimbisāra to lend him the services of Jīvaka, as no other doctor could cure him. The cure for the malady was ghee, for…

The inhabitants of the lowest deva world. his world derives its name from the Four Great Kings (Cattāro Mahārājāno) who dwell there as guardians of the four quarters: Dhataraṭṭha of the East, Virūḷh …

A group of Khattiyas, owners of the Ānaka-drum. SN.ii.266f.

…to kill his father, Bimbisāra, while he himself prepared to kill the Buddha. Ajātasattu agreed, and provided Devadatta with royal archers to…

…reported the matter to Bimbisāra, who sent for Dhaniya. Dhaniya maintained that the king, by royal proclamation, had permitted the monks to use…

GijjhakūṭaVulture’s Peak

One of the five hills encircling Rājagaha. It was evidently a favourite resort of those who followed the religious life.

The Buddha seems to have been attracted by its solit …

…Buddha reluctantly replied that he would be born in the Sārañjita hell. SN.iv.310

…MN.i.91 and perhaps Sārakāni. SN.v.372

During one visit the Buddha was entrusted with the consecration of a new mote-hall, built by the…

…to Kūṭadanta by Bimbisāra. The Buddha once stayed there at the Ambalaṭṭhikā pleasance, and there he preached the Kūṭadanta Sutta….

…Quite soon after Bimbisāra’s death there were many fierce fights between Ajātasattu, his successor, and Pasenadi, these fights bringing…

…when she married Bimbisāra. The village produced a revenue of one hundred thousand, and was given to the queen for her bath and perfume…

…given to him by King Bimbisāra as a brahmadeyya. The Buddha arrived at Khāṇumata when Kūṭadanta was making preparations for a great…

…neighbourhood—e.g., the Sārandada-cetiya AN.iii.167 and the Cāpāla-cetiya.SN.v.258 AN.iv.308f. It was from the Cāpāla-cetiya, during…

…Enlightenment. There Bimbisāra visited him with twelve nahutas of followers, and Uruvelā Kassapa dispelled their doubts by declaring his…

…on friendly terms with Bimbisāra, king of Māgadha, and with Pasenadi, king of Kosala. MN.ii.101

After the death of Bimbisāra, Ajātasattu, in…

…soon after the death of Bimbisāra, was Avantiputta, MN.ii.83 who, judging by his name, was probably related to the royal family of Ujjeni. Madhurā…

The books contain a list of seven great lakes, situated in the Himālaya. They form the sources of the five great rivers and dry up only when four suns appear in the world. These seven lakes are Anotat …

…capital. By the time of Bimbisāra, Aṅga, too, formed a part of Māgadha, and he was known as king of Aṅga Māgadha. Thus Bimbisāra sends for…

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

Wanderer. The name given to some of the ascetics and recluses of the Buddha’s time. They were not exclusively brahmin. Their presence seems to have been recognized and respected from earlier times. Ge …

ParājitāParajita Sarājita

A Niraya in which those who die in battle are born. SN.iv.311

5hell

PañcanadīPañcamahānadī

In several places in the texts five rivers are mentioned as the five great rivers of India, and they are used in various similes and metaphors. These rivers are: Gaṅgā, Yamunā, …

…Vin.i.204f.

Once Bimbisāra found Pilinda, clearing a cave in order to provide a cell for himself. The king promised to build a monastery for…

…after the Renunciation. Bimbisāra saw him begging in the street, and questioned him as to his purpose. Snp.472–491 During the first year after…

A Paribbājaka who joined the Order and soon after left it. He then went about proclaiming in Rājagaha that he knew the Dhamma and Vinaya of the Sakyaputta monks, and that was why he had left their Ord …

Sarabhaṅga¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Sarabhaṅga²

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of living in a hut of reeds he built himself. By practicing the straight road of the s …

One of the five great rivers of northern India. Vin.ii.237 Ud.v.5 SN.ii.135 AN.iv.101

It formed the boundary between the two divisions of Kosala, Uttara and Dakkhiṇa Kosala. The Aciravatī was its tri …

SarakāniSaraṇāni

A Sākyan. When he died the Buddha declared that he was a sotāpanna, bound for enlightenment. But many of the Sākyans spoke scornfully of him, saying that he had failed in the train …

A class of Devas, the gods of “Passionate Delight”. According to the belief of some, a man who dies fighting is born among them. SN.iv.308

…its own season. King Bimbisāra, hearing of him, sent for him and Soṇa went with eighty thousand fellow townsmen.

In Rājagaha he heard the…

…as royal fief by King Bimbisāra. When the Buddha was in Campā, on the banks of the Gaggarā-lake, Soṇadaṇḍa visited him in spite of the…

SubhakinnāSubhakiṇṇāSubhakiṇhā

A class of Brahmas who occupy the ninth Rūpa-world; a division of the Subha devā.MN.iii.102 DN.ii.69 MN.i.2 Beings are born in that world as a result of developing the …

…should pass the paṭisāraṇīyakamma on him. Sudhamma, thereupon, went to Macchikāsaṇḍa to ask pardon of Citta, but Citta would not…

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of the advantages of associating with good people. Thag.75

…Soṇa Kolvisa visited Bimbisāra, with overseers of the eighty thousand townships of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Sāgata was endowed with supernatural…

A shrine at Vesāli. DN.ii.75 DN.ii.102 Ud.vi.1

Vesāli3shrine

…at Vesāli—Gotamaka, Sārandada, Sattamba, Cāpāla and Bahuputta—all of which are described as beautiful spots. DN.ii.102 SN.v.260…

…whose king was Seniya Bimbisāra. After Bimbisāra’s death, however, Pajjota seems to have contemplated a war against Ajātasathu. MN.iii.7

The…

…and in the presence of Bimbisāra and the assembled populace Uruvelā-Kassapa declared his allegiance to the Buddha. Vin.i.24ff.

Later, in the…

…to them by himself in the Sārandada Cetiya.

The Buddha travelled several times through the Vajjian country, the usual route being through…

…which he had taught them at Sārandada cetiya, they would prosper rather than decline.

In the Gopaka Moggallāna Sutta, MN.iii.8ff. Vassakāra…

…Bahuputta cetiya, and the Sārandada cetiya. Other monasteries are also mentioned, in or near Vesāli e.g., Pātikārāma, Vālikārāma.

The…

…the pleasure garden of Bimbisāra. When the Buddha first visited Rājagaha, after his Enlightenment, he stayed at the Latthivanuyyāna. Vin.i.35…

…and Kosala. One of Bimbisāra’s queens was probably from Videha. In earlier times Videha was evidently a kingdom, its best known kings being…

…(lord of men= Bimbisāra), Dīgha, Naradeva, Paṇḍaka, Sīvaka, Serī.

Vessavaṇa is often mentioned as king of the Yakkhas. He is…

…monks passed on him the Patisārattiyakamma (craving of pardon from lay folk). This necessitated that Yasa should be sent among the laymen,…

…battle are reborn among the Sārañjita devas. At first the Buddha refused to answer the question, but finding that Yodhājīva insisted, explained…

A Brahma-world where live radiant devas from whose bodies rays of light are emitted, like lightning. It belongs to the Rūpaloka and is in the plane of second jhāna The devas living there subsist on …

…to have been “saṃsāra-suddhi,” purification through transmigration, which probably meant that all beings, all lives, all existent…

…who were given by Bimbisāra to the Elder Pilindavaccha. It was near Rājagaha and was also called Pilindagāma. Pilindavaccha depended for…

…belonging to the Dasārahas. As it grew old and began to split, they fixed in another peg, and this process was continued, until, at last,…

menekvés, szabadulás

létforgatag

give offense.

without a companion; without a helper.

without beginning (or end, generally of saṃsāra).

1. (mfn.) not transgressing.
2. (m.) non-deviation

1. not being an owner or master; not empowered, powerless.
2. without an owner or ruler; without a creator

follows, pursues; conforms oneself to

(~antī)n.

anussarati¹

pr. 3 sg. follows, pursues; conforms oneself to

anussarati²

pr. 3 sg. remembers, recollects, calls to mind; reflects upon.

remembrance; repeated recollection.

who remembers.

not having saline soil

removing; taking (a ship) out from land (?):

1. going away, departure; loss, decline; moral deterioration; perdition.
2. misfortune; one of four unhappy destinies in saṃsāra.

precious horse, an excellent horse; esp. the ’horse-treasure ’ (one of the seven ratanas of a cakkavatti(n) king)

excessive view(s); deviant view(s).

going beyond, deviation; transgression.

goes down (to); moves away (to).

cry of distress

excellent scent because of sandalwood decoration.

the essence of sandalwood; the best sandalwood; the pith of sandalwood.

not making the sound saṃsara?

the sound or tone of singing; a singing accent or tone.

issara¹

mfn. and masculine

1. (mfn.) in authority, empowered; in charge; powerful, rich.
2. (m.)
   1. one in authority, with power; a lord, a king; a chief; a master.
   2. the Lord; the …

the work of a god; creation by a god

creation by a god

mistress.

consisting of authority and supremacy; of supreme authority

natural pond or lake.

natural pond or lake.

harsh toned; making a harsh sound

treasurer; a guardian of the treasury

with a voice like a crow’s, hoarse voiced

goes out, departs; escapes from; is rid of, is separated from.

going out, departure; escape; separation (from), riddance; means, remedy to get rid of or counteract something.

connected with, conducive to, separation, getting rid of, escape.

indeclinable (temporary) expulsion; suspension.

, ~a, neuter

1. (from nissāraṇa)
2. involving suspension; (the formal act) connected with suspension.
3. to be got rid of?

of nissarati expels (temporarily from the saṅgha), suspends

of nissarati expelled; suspended

of nissarati

going out, setting forth; (the way of) getting out, leaving (saṃsāra)

going out, setting forth; being a good way, leading to good; conducive to leaving (saṃsāra)

one who leaves (saṃsara)

goes out, goes forth (to); leaves; esp. leaves saṃsara.

rapid flow of water, a torrent; the torrent or flood of phenomenal life, of saṃsāra; a torrent or flood of evil or passion etc. (often identified with the āsavas).

or masculine a projection to a house or building, a verandah

goes down (to); approaches; enters; flows into; (+ acc. or loc).

going down (to), entering; approach; entrance.

or masculine a projection to a house or building, a verandah

osārayati¹

pp mfn.

1. makes enter; puts into or on to; lowers (into).
2. makes re-enter, re-admits (a bhikkhu to the saṅgha…

bringing before the saṅgha, admitting; esp. re-admitting (a suspended bhikkhu) to the saṅgha; re-accepting (a layman, who had been disciplined).

(the formal act) connected with re-admittance.

guarded; with a protector

associated with an offense; transgressing

of which the essential or strong part is the skin or bark.

the sound or music of strings.

shuttle.

attachment to, devotion to moving on (?)

purity by means of continuing further; purity through saṃsara

1. expels; sends away, dismisses.
2. raises, lifts; moves

shining, radiant; (m.pl.) (the name of a class of gods inhabiting one of the rūpabrahmalokas.

dish for holding water (for sipping or washing)

guarding charioteer

saline; having saline soil; saline soil.

…is a name for Nibbāna the final liberation from the wheel of rebirths samsāra, and therefore also from the ever-repeated deaths,…

…keep beings wandering in Samsāra. Thus it is said in Vis.M XVI:

Mere suffering exists, no sufferer is found;
Actions are, but no…

[[cycle of existence]]Cycle of existence: see: samsarā vatta

Escape: nissarana see: pahāna.

…- The 4 substrata of e.: upadhi - Courses of e.: gati - Wheel of e.: samsāra. - Craving for e.: bhava-tanhā…

Pahāna: ‘overcoming’, abandoning. There are 5 kinds of overcoming: 1 overcoming by repression vikkhambhana-pahāna i.e. the temporary suspension of the 5 hindrances nīvarana during the absorpt …

Puñña: merit, meritorious, is a popular term for kammically advantageous kusala action. Opposite terms: apuñña = demerit. pāpa = ‘bad’, ‘evil’. The value of meritorious action is often stres …

Ti-sarana: ‘Threefold Refuge’, in which every faithful adherent of the Buddha puts his whole trust, consists in the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha see: prec..

The Buddha, or Enlightened One, …

Ābhassara: The ‘Radiant Ones’, are a class of divine beings of the fine-material world rūpa-loka, cf. deva

to stretch out Vin.i.179 (pāde).

abhi + pasāreti, cp. BSk. abhiprasārayati Divy.389

retinue Ja.v.373.

fr. abhi + sarati, of sṛ; to go

1. (med.) streamed forth, come together Ja.vi.56 (= sannipatita C.).
2. (pass.) approached, visited Vin.i.268.

pp. of abhisarati, abhi + sṛ; to flow

adjective only neg. an˚; in formula atāṇo loko anabhissaro “without a Lord or protector MN.ii.68 (variant reading ˚abhisaro); Pts.i.126 (variant reading id.).

abhi + issara

to approach, to persecute Ja.vi.377.

abhi + sāreti, Caus. of abhisarati

adjective

1. going beyond the limits (of proper behaviour), too self-sure, overbearing, arrogant, proud SN.i.239 (variant reading accayasara caused by prolepsis of foll. accaya); Ja.iv.6 (atisara); …

of atisarati to go beyond the limit, to go astray Ja.v.70.

fr. ati + sṛ.

overbearing, pride, selfsurity Vb.358 (+ māyā). Note. In id. p. at Pp.23 we read acchādanā instead of accasarā.

abstr. to accasara

adjective = accasara 1., aspiring too high Snp.8 sq. (yo nâccasārī, opp. to na paccasārī; expl^d. at Snp-a.21 by yo nâtidhāvi, opp. na ohiyyi).

Accharā¹

feminine the snapping of the fingers, the bringing together of the finger-tips:

1. (lit.) accharaṃ paharati to snap the fingers Ja.ii.447; Ja.iii.191; Ja.iv.124, Ja.iv.126 Ja. …

covering, hiding, concealment Pp.19, Pp.23
■ Note. In id. p. at Vb.358 we read accasarā for acchādanā. Is the latter merely a gloss?

= prec.

…a ddh ānaṃ saṃsāraṃ); Snp.740 (dīghaṃ addhāna saṃsāra); Dhp.207 (dīghaṃ addhāna socati) Ja.i.137. gen. dīghassa…

SN.v.218: substitute variant reading accasara (q.v.).

adjective constant, durable, lasting DN.iii.86. As tt. for one of 4 branches of Vedic learning (DN.i.88) it is Phonetics which probably included Grammar, and is explained by sikkhā …

wrong time, bad luck, misadventure, misfortune. There are 9 enumerated at DN.iii.263; the usual set consists of 8; thus DN.iii.287; Vv-a.193; Sdhp.4 sq. See also *khaṇa-[vedhin](/de …

indeclinable emphatic particle

1. in affirmative sentences: part. of assurance emphasis = for sure, very much (so), indeed, truly. Note. In connection with a dat. or an infin. the latter only app …

adjective epithet of Saṃsāra “whose beginning and end are alike unthinkable”, i.e., without beginning or end. Found in two passages of the…

…(˚sākhā); Dhp.153 (˚jātisāra); Ja.iv.2 Ja.vi.366.

• -pariyāyena (instr.) in many ways Vin.i.16; Snp.p.15
• -rūpa…

adjective without a personal ereator Thag.713.

an + issara

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

…(vācaṃ; cp. DN-a.i.160: sārato agaṇhaṇto); Ja.ii.74; Cnd.50 (ppr. med -gayhamāna = anukampamāna); Pp.36; Pv-a.181 (imper….

…(vācaṃ; cp. DN-a.i.160: sārato agaṇhaṇto); Ja.ii.74; Cnd.50 (ppr. med -gayhamāna = anukampamāna); Pp.36; Pv-a.181 (imper….

to follow, conform oneself to SN.iv.303 (phalaṃ anusarissati BB, but balaṃ anupadassati SS perhaps to be preferred)
caus anusāreti to bring together with, to send up to or aga …

adjective anussuta*; v.l K.B. anussada; Dhp-a.iv.165 explains with taṇhā-ussāvâbhāva vv.ll. ˚ussada˚); Iti.97 (vv.ll. anussata & anussara).

to remember, recollect, have memory of (acc.), bear in mind; be aware of DN.ii.8, DN.ii.53, DN.ii.54 (jātito etc.); SN.iii.86 sq. (pubbenivāsaṃ), SN.v.67 (dhammaṃ a. anuvitakketi), 303 (kappasahassaṃ) …

remembrance, memory, recollection Iti.107 (= anussati at id. p. SN.v.67) Pv-a.25, Pv-a.29.

abstr. to anussarati

one who recollects or remembers SN.v.197, SN.v.225 (saritar +) AN.v.25, AN.v.28.

n. ag. to anussarita, pp. of anussarati

remembrance, recollection, thinking of, mindfulness. A late list of subjects to be kept in mind comprises six anussati-ṭṭhānāni, viz. Buddha˚, Dhamma˚, Saṅgha˚ sīla˚, cāga˚, devatā˚; i.e. prope …

…with, according to Ja.i.8; Pv-a.187 (tad), Pv-a.227; and anusārato (abl.) id. Sdhp.91.

fr. anu + sṛ.

see anusarati.

(-˚) adjective following, striving after, acting in accordance with, living up to or after Freq. in formula dhammānusārin saddhānusārin living in conformity with the Norm & the Faith DN.iii.254; MN …

anguish, remorse, conscience Vv.40#5 (= vippaṭisāra Vv-a.180); Dhs-a.384.

fr. anu + tāpa

to reflect, think, ponder over, usually combined with anuvicāreti DN.i.119; DN.iii.242; SN.v.67 = Iti.107 (anussarati +); AN.iii.383.

anu + vi + takketi

…on others Vin.i.12 (vesārajja-ppatta +); DN.i.110 (id.); MN.ii.41; MN.i.491; SN.iii.83; DN-a.i.278 (nâssa paro paccayo).

a + para +…

adjective guilty, offending, criminal Ja.ii.117 (vāja˚); Mil.149 (issara˚), Mil.189 (aparādhikatā).

fr. aparādha, cp. Sk. aparādhin

adjective having no support Ja.iii.386 (f. -ī; C. appatiṭṭhā appaṭisaraṇā).

a + parāyin, cp. parāyana

…as attr. of saṃsāra SN.ii.92, SN.ii.232; SN.iv.158 SN.iv.313; SN.v.342; opp. to khīṇâpāya-duggati-vinipāta of an Arahant…

…etym of arahant = saṃsāra-cakkassa arānaṃ hatattā “breaker of the spokes of the wheel of transmigration”) = Pv-a.7 (has…

Araṇa¹

adjective noun (adj.) living in solitude, far from the madding crowd MN.iii.237 (˚vibhanga-sutta); SN.i.44, SN.i.45; Ja.i.340 (tittha˚?).

Vedic araṇa fr. *ara √ ṛ; which as abl …

not coming together, not meeting, separation Ja.v.233.

a + samosaraṇa

…a stallion AN.ii.112; ˚sārathi a horse trainer AN.ii.112, AN.ii.114; AN.v.323 sq.; Dhp-a.iv.4. -potaka the young of a…

variant reading at Iti.111 for asāraddha.

…which is not substance, worthlessness; adj. worthless, vain, idle Snp.937 (= asāra nissāra sārâpagata Mnd.409); Dhp.11, Dhp.12 (cp….

adjective not excited, cool AN.i.148 = Iti.119 (passaddho kāyo a.; variant reading assāraddha).

a + sāraddha

adjective unessential, worthless, sapless, rotten Thag.260; Ja.ii.163 = Dhp-a.i.144.

a + sāraka

Ati-issara

adjective very powerful(?) Ja.v.441 (˚bhesajja, medicin). Ati-unha

…overflow abundance; atisāra stepping over, sin.

3. exceedingly, in a high or excessive degree either very (much or too (much); in nominal…

adjective transgressing, sinning Ja.iv.6; cp. atisāra.

fr. atisarati; cp. accasara

to go too far, to go beyond the limit, to overstep, transgress, aor. accasari (q.v.) Snp.8 sq (opp. paccasari; C. atidhāvi); Ja.v.70 and atisari Ja.iv.6. ger …

…Cp. Sk. atisāra in diff. meaning but BSk. atisāra (sâtisāra) in the same meaning.

…n’); SN.ii.92 (saṃsāraṃ); SN.iv.158 (id.) Iti.9 (saṃsāraṃ) = AN.ii.10 = Cnd.172#a; Thag.412; Ja.i.58, Ja.i.280 Ja.iv.134;…

atta (the latter is the form used in comp^n.)

I. Inflection

1. of attan- (n. stem); the foll. cases are the most freq:
   ■ acc. attānaṃ DN.i.13, DN.i.18 …

to go down, to go away (to) Snp.685 (variant reading BB. T. avaṃsari).

ava + sṛ.

…(jāti-maraṇa-saṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ… avijjāy’eva sā gati), Snp.730, Snp.1026, Snp.1033 (avijjāya nivuto loko);…

absence of regret or remorse AN.iii.46.

a + vippaṭisāra

pronoun another etc

A. By itself

1. other not the same, different, another, somebody else (opp oneself) Vin.iii.144 (aññena, scil. maggena, gacchati to take a different route); Snp.459, Sn …

Aḍḍha¹

(& addha) one half, half; usually in comp^n. (see below), like diyaḍḍha 1 1/2 (˚sata 150) Pv-a.155 (see as to meaning Stede, Peta Vatthu p. 107). Note. aḍḍha is nev …

…Snp.173 (fig. for saṃsāra see Snp-a.214), Snp.183, Snp.184; Ja.i.119 (˚kucchi), Ja.i.227 (id.); Ja.v.159 (mah˚) Mhvs.5, Mhvs.60;…

Aṭṭa¹

a platform to be used as a watchtower Vin.i.140; DN-a.i.209.

cp. see aṭṭaka

Aṭṭa²

lawsuit, case, cause Vin.iv.224; Ja.ii.2, Ja.ii.75; Ja.iv.129 (˚ṃ …

Aṭṭha¹

num. card, eight, decl. like pl. of adj. in-a A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds ˚angula, ˚nakha, ˚pada, ˚pāda B. The number in …

imitation of a confused rumbling noise MN.i.128
■ Cp. also P. mammana and sarasara.

onomat., cp. Sk. balbalā-karoti to stammer or stutter, barbara = Gr. βάρβαρος stuttering, …

…oxen MN.i.226; -vippaṭisāra deep remorse Pv-a.14, -balava very strong Ja.ii.406. -balavaṃ as nt. adv. “exceedingly,” in cpd….

1. kinsman, member of a clan or family, relative AN.iii.44; Snp.60 (pl. bandhavāni in poetry; cp. Cnd.455); Dhp.288 (pl. bandhavā) Ja.ii.316; Ja.v.81; DN-a.i.243.
2. (-˚) one who is connected with o …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) shining, resplendent Ja.v.169 (C. pabhassara).
2. Name of a bird Ja.vi.538 (= sata-haṃsa C.)
   ■ Cp. ā˚, pa˚.

fr. bhās

…asiloka˚ parisa-sārajja˚, maraṇa˚, duggati˚, explained at Vb-a.505 sq.), Vb.376 (4: jāti˚, jarā˚, vyādhi˚, maraṇa˚),…

kettle-drum (of large size; Dhs-a.319 distinguishes 2 kinds: mahā˚ & paṭaha˚ DN.i.79; AN.ii.185; Vv.81#10; Ja.vi.465; Dhp-a.i.396; Sdhp.429
■ issara˚; the drum of the ruler or lord Ja.i.283 *pa …

1. being, becoming, condition, nature; very rarely by itself (only in later & C. literature, as e.g. Ja.i.295 thīnaṃ bhāvo, perhaps best to be translated as “women’s character,” taking bhāva = attabhā …

…fanciful etym of king Bimbisāra, viz. bimbī ti suvaṇṇaṃ, sārasuvaṇṇa-sadisa-vaṇṇatāya B.).

• -jāla the…

…Pv-a.104 (eka ˚ṃ).

• -sāra Np. of king of India, father of Asoka Dpvs.v.101; Dpvs.vi.15; Mhvs.v.18, Mhvs.v.19.
• -ssara…

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

…they are gifted with the 4 vesārajjāni (AN.ii.9, cp. Mil.106) These teachers appear upon the earth from time to time; the approach of the birth of…

…unguent Ja.iv.3.

• -sāra choice sandal (wood or perfume) Vv.52#3, Ja.i.53, Ja.i.340.

Deriv. unknown. Possibly nonAryan;…

…the last rebirth (in Saṃsāra, with ref. to Arahantship) Thag-a.260, cp. caramabhavika in Divy (freq. & next.

Vedic carama, Gr. τέλος…

base of numeral four

1. As num. adj. nom. & acc. m cattāro (Dhp.109; Ja.iii.51) and caturo (Snp.84, Snp.188), f. catasso (Snp.1122), nt. cattāri (Snp.227); gen. m. catunnaṃ (Snp.p.102), (f. catassa …

to move, get into motion, shift, to fall away, decease, esp. to pass from one state of existence into another DN.i.14 (sañsaranti c˚ upapajjanti, cp. DN-a.i.105); Kp.viii.4 (= Kp-a.220: apeti vigacc …

…DN.ii.102, DN.ii.118; Sārandada DN.ii.118, DN.ii.175; AN.iii.167; Supatiṭṭha˚ Vin.i.35.

• -aṅgaṇa the…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Ashes Vin.i.210; Vin.ii.220; DN.ii.164 = Ud.93; AN.i.209; AN.iv.103; Ja.iii.447; Ja.iv.88; Ja.v.144; Dhp-a.i.256 Dhp-a.ii.68; Vv-a.67; Pv-a.80 (chārikangāra).

Cp. kṣāyati to burn, kṣāra burning; …

…attano ujukaṃ akaṃsu sārathī va nettāni gahetvā indriyāni rakkhanti paṇḍitā SN.i.26; ujugato-citto ariyasāvako AN.iii.285;…

…corassa hattha-pasāraṇaṃ viya); Dhp-a.ii.30; Pv-a.3, Pv-a.54, Pv-a.274- mahā˚; a great robber Vin.iii.89; DN.iii.203;…

eighty-four Ja.vi.226 (mahākappe as duration of Saṃsāra); Pv-a.254 (id.). Also as cūḷāsīti q.v.

= caturāsīti

…the discerning of the saṃsāra of beings DN.i.82 = MN.i.248; DN.iii.111. As cutuppāta at AN.ii.183. Cp. jātisaṃsāra-ñāṇa.

pp. of…

1. abandoning, giving up, renunciation. Vin.i.10 SN.iii.13 SN.iii.26 SN.iii.158 MN.i.486 AN.i.299 More frequently as
2. liberality, generosity, munificence (n.) generous munificent (adj.): sīlasampann …

…in phrase purisa-damma-sārathi (Ep. of the Buddha “the trainer of the human steer” DN.i.62 (misprint ˚dhamma˚) = DN.ii.93 = DN.iii.5;…

…Mvu.iii.51 sarvadarśāvin; sāra˚ Vin.ii.139 2. (n.) one who sees or takes notice of in phrase ariyānaṃ dassāvī (+ sappurisānaṃ…

…devas are themselves in saṃsāra, needing salvation. Many are found worshipping saints (Thag.627–Thag.9; Thig.365)
■ The collective…

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

to fall from, to be deprived of (c. abl.) to be gone DN.iii.184 (with abl. asmā lokā dh.) AN.ii.67 AN.v.76, AN.v.77; Iti.11; Thag.225, Thag.610; Ja.iii.260, Ja.iii.318, Ja.iii.441, Ja.iii.457 Ja.iv.61 …

to shake, toss; to shake off, remove destroy SN.i.156 (maccuno senaṃ); Thag.256 = Mil.245; dhunāti pāpake dhamme dumapattaṃ va māluto Thag.2; Ja.i.11 (verse 48); Ja.iii.44 (hatthe dhuniṃsu, wrung thei …

…SN.ii.151; AN.iii.447 nissāraṇiyā dhātuyo (5) DN.iii.239; AN.iii.245, AN.iii.290. See further SN.i.134, SN.i.196; SN.ii.153, SN.ii.248…

adjective dust-coloured Vv-a.335.

Sk. dhūsara, Ags. dust = E. dust & dusk, Ger. dust; see dhvaṃsati & dhunoti & cp. Walde, Lat Wtb. under furo

smeared Ja.v.425 sq.; esp. smeared with poison, poisoned Ja.iv.435 (sara, a poisoned arrow); perhaps to be read at Iti.68 for duṭṭha (scil. sara) and at SN.ii.230 for diṭṭha Cp. san˚.

Sk. digdha to * …

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

Dīpa¹

a lamp Ja.ii.104 (˚ṃ jāleti to light a l.); Dhp-a.ii.49 (id.), Dhp-a.ii.94 (id.)

• -acci the flame of a lamp Thag-a.154;
• -āloka light of …

The three formations (described below in the etymology) are represented in Pāli as follows.

1. gacch˚, in
   pres gacchati;
   imper gaccha & gacchāhi;
   pot gacche (Dhp.46, Dhp.224) & gacchey …

1. roaring, only in f. gaggarī a blacksmith’s bellows: kammāra˚, in simile MN.i.243 SN.i.106; Vism.287.
2. (nt.) cackling, cawing, in haṃsa˚; the sound of geese Ja.v.96 (expl. b …

Gaha¹

a house, usually in compounds (see below). Ja.iii.396 (= the layman’s life; Com. geha).

• -kāraka a house-builder, metaph. of taṇhā (cp. kāya as geha) Dhp.153, …

1. (nt.) the fact or the state of going, movement, journey, walk; (-˚) striving for, the leading of, pursuit AN.ii.48 sq. (gamanena na pattabbo lokass’ anto = one cannot walk to the end of the world) …

…Specified as māla˚, sāra˚, puppha˚ under tīṇi gandhajātāni AN.i.225-puppha˚ Dhp.54 = AN.i.226. 3. smell as olfactory sensation,…

gone, in all meanings of gacchati (q.v.) viz.

1. literal. gone away, arrived at, directed to (c. acc.), opp ṭhita: gate ṭhite nisinne (loc. abs.) when going standing, sitting down (cp. gacchati 1) DN …

…In defⁿ of saṃsāra explained as gati bhavâbhava cuti upapatti = one existence after the other Cnd.664; as gati upapatti…

adjective terrible, frightful, awful Vin.ii.147. Freq. as attr. of niraya (syn. with dāruṇa Pv-a.87, Pv-a.159, Pv-a.206) Pv.i.10#12; Pv.iv.1#8. Of an oath (sapatha Pv.i.6#8; Pv.ii.12#16
■ ghorass …

…under the rule of King Bimbisāra) Vin.i.179; -sāmanta in the neighbourhood of aN v., near aN v. DN.i.101; (+ mgama˚)…

1. (pp.) sung, recited, solemnly proclaimed, enunciated: mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ DN.i.104 (cp. gira).
2. (nt.) singing, a song; grouped under vācasikā khiḍḍā, musical pastimes at Cnd.219; Snp-a.86. …

…hand-cart Vin.ii.276. -vikāra motion of the hand Ja.iv.491. -sāra hand-wealth, movable…

Iddha¹

in flames, burning, flaming bright, clear Ja.vi.223 (˚khaggadharā balī; so read for T. iṭṭhi-khagga˚); Dpvs.vi.42.

pp. of iddhe to idh or indh, cp. indhana & idhuma

Iddha<sup …

1. lord, ruler, master, chief AN.iv.90; Snp.552; Ja.i.89 (˚jana), Ja.i.100, Ja.i.283 (˚bheri); Ja.iv.132 (˚jana); Pv.iv.6#7 (˚mada) Mil.253 (an˚ without a ruler); Dhs-a.141; DN-a.i.111; Pv-a.31 (ge …

rulership, mastership, supremacy, dominion (Syn. ādhipacca) DN.iii.190; SN.i.43, SN.i.100 (˚mada), SN.v.342 (issariy-âdhipacca); AN.i.62 (˚ādhipacca); AN.ii.205 AN.ii.249; AN.iii.38; AN.iv.263; Snp.1 …

Itthi & Itthī

feminine woman female; also (usually as-˚) wife. Opp. purisa man (see e.g. for contrast of itthi and purisa Ja.v.72, Ja.v.398; Ne.93; Dhp-a.i.390; Pv-a.153)
■ SN.i.33 (nibbānass’ e …

Itthi & Itthī

feminine woman female; also (usually as-˚) wife. Opp. purisa man (see e.g. for contrast of itthi and purisa Ja.v.72, Ja.v.398; Ne.93; Dhp-a.i.390; Pv-a.153)
■ SN.i.33 (nibbānass’ e …

1. As adj. n.un
   1. born, grown, arisen, produced (= nibbatta pātubhūta Cnd.256) Snp.576 (jātānaṃ maccānaṃ niccaṃ maraṇato bhayaṃ); jātena maccena kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahuṃ Dhp.53 = Mil.333; yakkhinī …

…Dhp-a.i.166;

• -saṃsāra the cycle of transmigration, the saṃsāra of rebirths (see above 1 d. f.): pahīna left…

…of leprosy Ja.v.69

• -maṇi the cat’s eye, a precious stone, also called masāragalla but also an emerald; both are prob….

kind of gem Mil.118 (vajira k. phussarāga lohitanka).

dove, pigeon, only in compounds:

• -pāda dove-footed (i.e. having beautiful feet) Dhp-a.i.119; f. pādī appl. to Apsaras, Ja.ii.93; Dhp-a.i.119; Mil.169.

…k˚ṃ kilesā hetu saṃsārassa “k. and passions are the cause of saṃsāra (renewed existence)” Ne.113; see on k. as principle…

Kammanīya, ˚iya & kammañña

adjective “workable,” fit for work, dexterous, ready, wieldy. Often of citta “with active mind” in formula vigatūpakkilesa mudubhūta k˚ ṭhita ānejjappatta DN.i.76, etc. = M …

Kammanīya, ˚iya & kammañña

adjective “workable,” fit for work, dexterous, ready, wieldy. Often of citta “with active mind” in formula vigatūpakkilesa mudubhūta k˚ ṭhita ānejjappatta DN.i.76, etc. = M …

Kammanīya, ˚iya & kammañña

adjective “workable,” fit for work, dexterous, ready, wieldy. Often of citta “with active mind” in formula vigatūpakkilesa mudubhūta k˚ ṭhita ānejjappatta DN.i.76, etc. = M …

…as a cycle of time = saṃsāra at Snp.521, Snp.535 Snp.860 (na eti kappaṃ); as a measure of time: an age of the world Vin.iii.109; Mil.108;…

…of time, subject to saṃsāra; of devamanussā Snp.521; na + of the Muni Snp.914. In another sense (“belonging to an Age”) in cpd….

…tiṇṇa-vicikiccha… vesārajjappatta) DN.i.110 = Vin.i.12; tiṇṇa˚ (+ visalla) Snp.17 Snp.86, Snp.367. k-k-salla “the arrow of…

…formula s˚ṃ k˚ṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā DN.i.52, DN.i.108, etc.; AN.v.185; Snp.419, pp. Snp.p.86, Snp.p.93 Snp.p.107,…

1. a corner, an angle Vin.i.48, Vin.i.286; Ja.i.73; Ja.iii.42 Ja.v.38; Ja.vi.519; Pv-a.74; Dhp-a.ii.178; Dāvs ii.111- cīvara˚; the edge of the garment Vism.389. Freq. in cpd. catu˚; (catukkaṇṇa …

…(Dhp-a.i.268) & sāraka a mat for sitting or lying on, made of the stalks of the screw-pine, Pandanus Furcatus…

…mat made of twigs (cp kaṭasāra) Ja.v.197, Also as -attharika (& ˚kā) Ja.vi.21; Dhp-a.i.135; f. at Ja.i.9; Ja.iv.329; Ja.vi.57. *…

the hair of the head SN.i.115 (haṭa-haṭa-k˚, with dishevelled hair) AN.i.138 (palita-kesa with grey hair; also at Ja.i.59) Snp.456 (nivutta˚), Snp.608; Thag.169; Ja.i.59, Ja.i.138; Ja.iii.393; Mil. …

Kesara¹

a mane, in -sīha a maned lion Ja.ii.244; Snp-a.127.

Kesara²

filament of flowers, hairy structures of plants esp. of the lotus; usually of kiñjakkha …

having a mane, of a lion, also name of a battle-array (˚saṃgāmo) Dpvs.i.7; cp. Avs.i.56.

fr. kesara¹

…mūlaṃ atikkamma kh˚ ṃ sāraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ “one must go beyond the root and search the trunk for sweetness” SN.iv.94 4. as t.t….

Khara¹

1. (adj.) rough, hard, sharp; painful DN.ii.127 (ābādha); Ja.iii.26 (vedanā) Mil.26 (+ sakkhara-kaṭhala-vālikā), Pv-a.152 (loma, shaggy hair; cp. Np. Khara-loma-yakkha Vism.208 …

…Serene Snp.809;

• -ppatta having attained tranquillity (= abhayappatta, vesārajjappatta) MN.i.72 = AN.ii.9.

Vedic kṣema to kṣi, cp….

…Thig.168 (khepeti jātisaṃsāraṃ = pariyosāpeti Thag-a.159); Dhp-a.i.102 (dvenavuti-kappe khepesuṃ) āyuṃ khepehi spend (the rest of)…

thrown; cast, overthrown Dhp.34; rajo paṭivātaṃ kh˚, dirt thrown against the wind SN.i.13, SN.i.164 = Snp.662 = Dhp.125; Ja.iii.203; ratti-khittā sarā arrows shot in the night Dhp.304 = Ne.11; acchi …

adjective small, inferior, low; trifling, insignificant; na khuddaṃ samācare kiñci “he shall not pursue anything trifling” Snp.145 (= lāmakaṃ Kp-a.243) kh˚ ca bālaṃ Snp.318. Opp. to strong Vv.32#10 ( …

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

…Vb.44, Vb.68; kilesa + saṃsāra Pv-a.7 kammaṃ kilesā hetu saṃsārassa Ne.113, cp. Ne.191 3. kilesa also occurs in a series explanatory of…

…“he has destroyed saṃsāra and there is no obstruction (for him)” Thag.306. n’āhaṃ kassaci kiñcanaṃ tasmiṃ na ca mama katthaci…

filament, esp. of the lotus SN.iii.130; Ja.i.60, Ja.i.183; Ja.v.39; Vv.22#1
■ vāri˚ Pv.ii.1#20 (= kesara Pv-a.77) in combination with kesara Vv-a.12, Vv-a.111, Vv-a.175.

cp. Sk. kiñjalka & rema …

at Vin.ii.153 of ālinda, a verandah, said to be saṃsaraṇa˚ ugghāṭana˚ (a movable screen or a curtain that can be drawn aside) Vin Texts iii.174, 176.

…Vb.44, Vb.68; kilesa + saṃsāra Pv-a.7 kammaṃ kilesā hetu saṃsārassa Ne.113, cp. Ne.191 3. kilesa also occurs in a series explanatory of…

…va dhāraye tam ahaṃ sārathiṃ brūmi. “He who restrains rising anger as he would a drifting cart, him I call a waggoner” Dhp.222, cp….

going from kula to kula (clan to clan) in saṃsāra: AN.i.233 = Pp.16; SN.v.205; Ne.189 cp. AN.iv.381; AN.v.120.

der. fr. kula

… ■ Explained as sārasa Vv-a.57; jiṇṇa˚ an old heron Dhp.155.

cp. Sk. krauñca & kruñc

Koñca²

= abbr. of…

…saṃsāra: saṃsārassa purimā koṭi na paññāyati “the first end, i.e. the beginning of S. is not known”…

…lasting till the end of life Mil.397: Vism.10. 3. referring to (both) ends (of saṃsāra), in ubhato˚ pañhā questions regarding past &…

…sense often with vippaṭissāra; and in conn. w. uddhacca it is the fourth of the five nīvaraṇas (q.v.) Vin.i.49; Vin.iv.70; DN.i.246;…

1. a round jar, waterpot (= kulālabhājana earthenware Dhp-a.i.317), frequent in similes, either as illustrating fragility or emptiness and fullness: AN.i.130, AN.i.131 = Pp.32; AN.v.337; SN.ii.83; Mi …

arrangement, fitting, trapping, harnessing Vin.ii.108 (sara˚: accuracy in sound, harmony); Ja.iii.314 (massu˚ beard-dressing, explained by massu-kiriyā. Here corresponding to Sk *kḷpti!), Ja.iv.352 …

the crow; freq. in similes: SN.i.124; Snp.448; Ja.i.164. Its thievish ways are described at Dhp-a.iii.352; said to have ten bad qualities AN.v.149; Ja.i.342; Ja.iii.126; kākā vā kulalā vā Vin.iv.40 …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

…of desires SN.i.74 (sāratta-˚esu giddhā kāmesu mucchitā); Thig.464; Iti.94 (-˚esu paṇḍito who discriminates in worldly…

…the various stages of Saṃsāra; kāyaṃ nikkhipati he lays down his (old) body SN.iv.60, SN.iv.400; cp. SN.iii.241 (ossaṭṭha-kāya)…

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

(& lena) neuter

1. a cave (in a rock), a mountain cave, used by ascetics (or bhikkhus) as a hermitage or place of shelter, a rock cell. Often enumerated with kuṭi guhā, e.g. Vin.iv.48; Mil.151; Vb. …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) red: rarely by itself (e.g. MN.ii.17), usually in compounds e.g. -abhijāti the red species (q.v.) AN.iii.383; -kasiṇa the artifice of red DN.iii.268; AN.i.41; Dhs.203; …

…Vv.36#3; Vv-a.304. See masāragalla for further refs. Note. The word is not found in Vedic and Class. Sk. a later term…

…i.e. saṃsāra (opp. vivaṭṭa = nibbāna) Ne.113, Ne.119. See also vaṭṭa. -vidu knowing the universe, Lp. of the…

lac; lac-dye; enumerated with other colourings at MN.i.127 = SN.ii.101 = AN.iii.230
■ Snp-a.577 Vism.261 (as colour of blood).

• -ācariya expert in lac-dyeing Snp-a.577.
• …

adjective niggardly envious, selfish Pgdp.ii.49
■ maccharaṃ (nt.) avarice envy AN.iv.285; Snp.811, Snp.862, Snp.954 (vīta-macchara, adj.).

Vedic matsara & matsarin enjoyable; later period also “ …

adjective

1. sweet Snp.50; Ja.iii.493; Ja.v.324; Pv.ii.67; Pv-a.119, Pv-a.147.
2. of intoxicating sweetness, liquor-like, intoxicating Ja.iv.117.
3. (nt.) sweetness, sweet drink Dhp.363; Ja.i.271 …

…e.g. at Vism.416.

• -sāra (of) great sap, i.e. great wealth adj. very rich Ja.i.463 (˚kula, perhaps to be read…

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

…is found at Vv.36#3; Vv.78#3 = Vv.81#3 Vv.84#15.

cp. Sk. masāra emerald + galva crystal & musāragalva

…a notched end); Vv-a.8, Vv-a.9.

fr. masāra?

bolster Ja.iv.87; Ja.vi.185.

connected with masāraka

…viz. masāraka bundikābaddha, kuḷīra-pādaka, āhacca-pādaka; same defⁿ at Vb-a.365); Snp.401; Ja.iii.423;…

…mañjūsāya nikkhipāpesi); Ja.iv.335 (suvaṇṇapaṭṭaṃ sāra-mañjūsāyaṃ ṭhapetvā kālam akāsi).

cp. Epic Sk….

1. a wild animal, an animal in its natural state (see compounds).
2. a deer, antelope, gazelle Various kinds are mentioned at Ja.v.416; two are given at Cnd.509, viz. eṇi (antelope) & …

adjective

1. mixed (with: -˚); various Vin.i.33 (kesa˚, jatā˚ etc. = a mixture of, various); Thag.143; Ja.iii.95, Ja.iii.144 (udaka-paṇṇa˚ yāgu); Pv.i.9#2 (missā kiṭakā). nt. missaṃ as adv. “in a …

I. Forms

The 2 bases muñc˚ & mucc˚; are differentiated in such a way, that muñc˚; is the active base, and mucc˚; the passive. There are however cases where the active forms (muñ …

…ref. to the origin of saṃsāra, e.g. at SN.ii.62, SN.ii.88 SN.iii.10, SN.iii.27, SN.iii.161, SN.iii.193; SN.iv.253, SN.iv.292, SN.iv.376. See…

…Pv-a.52; Sdhp.492 (saṃsāraghora˚), Sdhp.612.

• -aṅgāra the ashes of purgatory Sdhp.32.

Sk. naraka; etym….

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

giving up the world leading a holy life, renunciation of, or emancipation from worldliness, freedom from lust, craving & desires, dispassionateness self-abnegation, Nibbāna. Vin.i.18 (˚e ānisaṁsa) DN …

…Mil.285; Vism.198 (fig. jarāmaraṇa˚ the rim of old age & death, which belongs to the wheel of Saṃsāra of the chariot of existence,…

…fig. the eye. SN.i.26 (sārathī nettāni gahetvā = the reins); Vin.i.204 (dhūma˚ for smoke); Ja.iv.363 (id.); DN.i.12 (˚tappana, set t. &…

…netthāraṃ yena sakkā nissāraṇā nittharituṃ taṃ aṭṭhārasa-vidhaṃ sammāvattuṃ vattantī ti attho.

see…

to go out or forth from, to rise, sound forth, come out Iti.75 (devasadda) Vv.38#2; Ja.i.53, Ja.i.176; Dhp-a.i.389; Vv-a.12, Vv-a.37 (saddā). Caus. nicchāreti to make come o …

sleep AN.ii.48, AN.ii.50; AN.iii.251; Snp.926 (opp. jāgariyā), Snp.942 (see explⁿ at Mnd.423); Ja.i.61, Ja.i.192; Ja.ii.128
■ niddaṃ okkamati to fall asleep Vin.i.15 …

heat, summer-heat, summer, drought Ja.i.221 (-samaya dry season); Ja.ii.80; Vism.259 (˚samaya, where Kp-a.58 reads sarada-samaya); Pv-a.174 (-kāla summer). fig Ja.iv.285; Ja.v.404; Dāvs ii.60.

…

1. to lay down (carefully), to put down, to lay (an egg) Vin.ii.114; Iti.13, Iti.14 (Pot. nikkhipeyya); Pp.34; Ja.i.49 (aṇḍakaṃ)
2. to lay aside, to put away Vin.i.46 (patta-cīvaraṃ) AN.i.206 (daṇḍaṃ …

adjective without egotism, not false, not slandering Snp.56 (cp Cnd.356 makkha = niṭṭhuriya; see also Snp-a.108; paraguṇa-vināsana-lakkhaṇo makkho).

nis + makkha, cp. Sk. nirmatsara

Nimmāna¹

neuter measuring; production, creation, work; issara-n-hetu caused by God MN.ii.122; AN.i.173; Vb.367. N- ratī devā a class of devas, e.g. at DN.i.218; Iti.94; Vism.225; DN- …

adjective sounding (loud), resonant (of a beautiful voice) DN.ii.211 (cp. aṭṭhanga brahmassara & bindu).

fr. ninnāda

to depart, escape from, be freed from (c. abl.) AN.i.260 (yasmā atthi loke nissaraṇaṃ tasmā sattā lokamhā nissaranti)
pp nissaṭa, grd nissaraṇīya (q.v.) …

…freed, escape (from saṁsāra), salvation. Vin.i.104 DN.iii.240 DN.iii.248f. SN.i.128 SN.i.142 SN.ii.5 SN.iii.170 (catunnaṁ dhātūnaṁ);…

…The spelling is often nissāraṇīya, thus at Vin.iv.225; DN.iii.239 (the five n-dhātuyo), DN.iii.247, DN.iii.275.

grd. of nissarati, with…

adjective flown or come out from, appeared; let loose, free, escaped from SN.iii.31 SN.iv.11 sq.; AN.i.260; AN.iv.430 (a˚); AN.v.151 sq.; Ja.iii.530 Ja.vi.269; Nd ii.under nissita; Pts.ii.10 sq.; Mil. …

adjective sapless, worthless, unsubstantial Ja.i.393; Sdhp.51, Sdhp.608, Sdhp.612.

nis + sāra

adjective without diffidence, not diffident, confident Ja.i.274 (+ nibbhaya).

Sk. niḥ + śārada + ya

going or driving out, expulsion Mil.344 (osāraṇa-n- paṭisāraṇa), Mil.357.

fr. nissarati

preposition accusative leaning on (in all fig. meanings) Cnd.368 (= upanissāya, ārammaṇaṃ ālambanaṃ karitvā).

1. near, near by, on, at Ja.i.167 (pāsānapiṭṭhaṃ), Ja.i.221 (padumasaraṃ); Pv-a.24 (bāhā …

adjective noun full of sap, excellent, strong (of a tree) Vv.63#1 (= niratisaya sārassa nisiṭṭhasārassa rukkhassa Vv-a.261).

ni + sāra

stopping, dwelling, resting-place, abode; living, sheltering Ja.i.115 (˚ṃ kappeti to put up), Ja.ii.110; Pv-a.76, Pv-a.78. Usually in phrase pubbe-nivāsaṃ anussarati “to remember one’s former ab …

…leading out (of saṃsāra), leading to salvation, salutary, sanctifying, saving profitable DN.i.235, DN.i.237; SN.i.220; SN.v.82, SN.v.166,…

…out, get out (esp. of saṃsāra); SN.v.6 (niyyanti dhīrā lokamhā); Snp-a.212 aor. niyyāsi DN.i.49, DN.i.108; Ja.i.263;…

1. a serpent or Nāga demon, playing a prominent part in Buddh. fairy-tales, gifted with miraculous powers & great strength. They often act as fairies are classed with other divinities (see *[devatā]( …

…catunnaṃ oghānaṃ saṃsāra-mah’oghassa taritattā o. Vv-a.284); Vv.82#7 ; Mnd.159; Cnd.179.

Vedic ogha and augha; BSk. ogha, e.g….

…to, over-hanging eaves, affording shelter Vin.ii.153. See also osāraka.

fr. osarati, osarana & osaṭa

to flow, to go away, to recede to, to visit MN.i.176 (gāmaṃ etc.); MN.ii.122
pp osaṭa. See also avasarati.

o + sṛ.

1. return to, going into (acc.) visiting Ja.i.154 (gāmantaṃ ˚kāle).
2. withdrawal, distraction, drawing or moving away, heresy Snp.538 (ogahanāni titthāni, diṭṭhiyo ti attho Snp-a.434).

fr. avasarati

…ultimately the same as Sk. sārayati = P. sāreti (thus vv.ll.). Not with Trenckner, Notes 78 and Müller P. Gr..42. Caus. of ā + viś to…

shelter, outhouse Ja.iii.446. See also osaraka.

fr. osarati

…Vin.i.322; Mil.344. 2. procession (?) (perhaps reading should be ussāraṇā) Dhp-a.ii.1 (T. oss˚).

fr. osāreti 3

…osāriyati Vin.ii.61 pp. osārita (cp. osāraṇā).

Caus. of o + sṛ; to flow

…in love with Vin.iii.128 (= sāratto apekkhavā paṭibaddha-citto) AN.iii.67, AN.iii.259 (˚citta); Snp-a.322 (id.)
■ Note. otiṇṇa…

adjective shining, very bright, resplendent SN.i.145; SN.v.92, SN.v.283; AN.i.10, AN.i.254, AN.i.257 sq., AN.iii.16; Snp.48 (= parisuddha pariyodāta Cnd.402); Ja.v.202 Ja.v.170; Vv.17#1 (rucira +); P …

see paṭisarati.

adjective each one, single, by oneself, separate, various several DN.i.49 (itthi); DN.ii.261 (˚vasavattin, of the 10 issaras); SN.i.26 (˚gāthā a stanza each), SN.i.146 (˚brahma an independent Brahma); …

the lotus Nelumbium speciosum. It is usually mentioned in two varieties, viz. ratta˚; and seta˚; i.e. red and white lotus so at Ja.v.37; Snp-a.125; as ratta˚ at Vv-a.191; Pv-a.157. The latter s …

to flow forth or out, to ooze, trickle, drip SN.i.150; Snp.p.125 (pubbañ ca lohitañ ca. p.); Ja.vi.328; Pv.i.6#7 (gabbho pagghari = vissandi Pv-a.34); Pv.ii.9#11 (= vissandati Pv-a.119); Pv.ii.9#26 …

giving up, leaving, abandoning, rejection. MN.i.60 MN.iii.4, MN.iii.72 SN.i.13 SN.i.132 (dukkha˚); SN.ii.170; SN.iii.53; SN.iv.7 sq. DN.iii.225 DN.iii.246 AN.i.82 AN.i.134 AN.ii.26 AN.ii.232 (kaṇhassa …

1. original or natural form, natural state or condition (lit. make-up); as ˚- = primary original, real Vin.i.189; Vin.ii.113; Ja.i.146 (˚vesena in her usual dress); Kp-a.173 (˚kammakara, ˚jeṭṭhaput …

bordering, trimming Ja.vi.223 (of a carriage).

cp. Sk. prakṣara & prakhara “ein Panzer für Pferde” BR.

adjective highest, most excellent, superior, best paraphrased by agga seṭṭha visiṭṭha at Cnd.502 A Mnd.84, Mnd.102 (the latter reading viseṭṭha for visiṭṭha); by uttama at Dhp-a …

sprinkled all round Ja.vi.51, Ja.vi.481 (candana sāra˚).

pp. of paripphoseti

to remember, recollect Ja.vi.199 (read parissaraṃ).

pari + smr, but according to Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. pari here fr. Prk. paḍi = Sk. prati, thus for pratismarati.

…Ja.ii.352; Pv-a.11.

• -sārajja being afraid of the a. Mil.196 = Cnd.470 (so read for parisārajja).

cp. Vedic pariṣad;…

protection, shelter, refuge, safeguard, safety DN.i.9 (sara from an arrow, i.e. a shield); DN.iii.189; Ja.vi.455; Pv-a.284; Sdhp.396.

• -kitikā a protecting arrangement Vin.ii.152, cp. *Vin Texts …

1. to turn round (trs.), to turn over Ja.i.202; Ja.ii.275 (sarīraṃ); Ja.v.217; DN-a.i.244
2. to deal with, handle, set going, put forth, recite Vism.96, in phrase mantaṃ p. to recite, practise a ch …

…Pp.52 (pheggu sāra˚; with explⁿ Pp-a 229 rukkho sayaṃ-pheggu hoti, parivāra-rukkhā pan’ assa sārā honti);…

1. limit, end, climax, border SN.i.80 (manāpa˚ “limit-point in enjoyment”; cp. C. nipphattikaṃ koṭikaṃ K.S. 320) Ja.i.149 (hattha-pāda˚ hoofs), Ja.i.221 (udaka˚), Ja.i.223 (sara˚), Ja.ii.200 (anga …

1. adequacy, accomplishment, sufficiency capability, competency; indriya-paro˚; efficiency in the (knowledge of) thoughts of others SN.v.205; Ne.101 Three accomplishments are distinguished at DN-a …

stretching, spreading, being stretched out Pv-a.219 (piṭṭhi˚). See also pasāraṇa.

fr. pa + sṛ.

Pasata¹

adjective spotted, only in cpd. -miga spotted antelope Ja.v.418 (variant reading pasada˚) The more freq. P. form is pasada˚; e.g. SN.ii.279 (gloss pasata˚); Ja.v.24, Ja.v.416; …

stretching out DN-a.i.196 (opp. sammiñjana); Dhp-a.i.298 (hattha˚).

fr. pa + sṛ; cp. pasaraṇa

…go, to give up Ja.vi.58 (pasāraya, imper.)-Pass. pasāriyati Vism.318; Pv-a.240 (are turned out of doors). 2. to stretch out, hold out or…

to establish, set up, fix, put into, instal DN.i.206; SN.i.90; Ja.i.152; Ja.i.168, Ja.i.349 (sotāpatti-phale) Pv-a.22 (id.), Pv-a.38 (id.), Pv-a.50 (saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca), Pv-a.223 (id.), Pv-a. …

…freedom from Saṃsāra, i.e. Nibbāna ibid 3. founded on, dealing with, relating to, being in SN.iv.115 (kuraraghare p. pabbata);…

(-˚) adjective of wisdom, endowed with knowledge or insight, possessed of the highest cognition, in foll. compounds: anissaraṇa˚ DN.i.245; SN.ii.194; SN.iv.332; anoma˚ Snp.343; appa˚ SN.i.198; Ja.ii. …

to depart, escape from, to be freed from Ne.113 (= niyyāti vimuccati C.).

paṭi + nissarati

Paṭisarati¹

to run back, stay back, lag behind Snp.8 sq. (opp. atisarati; aor. paccasāri explained by ohiyyi Snp-a.21).

paṭi + sṛ.

Paṭisarati²

to think back upon, to ment …

…to move (Sk. saraṇa and not saraṇa protection). Cp. paṭisāraṇiya.

paṭi + saraṇa¹

see *vi*˚.

paṭi + smṛ.

of protection, expiation, atonement Mil.344 (in law); applied.

fr. paṭi + sāreti

adj. nt. only as t.t. in combination with kamma (official act, chapter), i.e. a formal proceeding by which a bhikkhu expiates an offence which he has committed against someone, reco …

…(id.); SN.ii.284 (id.).

fr. paṭi + sṛ; cp. paṭisāraniya & paṭisaraṇa Note

adjective affectionate, kind, loving amiable, agreeable DN.i.4 (cp. DN-a.i.75); DN-a.ii.20 (˚ssara) AN.ii.209; Pp.57; Ja.iv.470.

fr. pema as grd. formation, cp. BSk., premaṇīya Mvu.iii.343

…passages contrasted with sāra (pith, substance). Thus at MN.i.192 sq., MN.i.488; DN.iii.51; SN.iv.168; AN.i.152 (pheggu sāra,…

…˚ka belongs to the whole cpd.); Ja.iii.318 (a˚ + sāramaya).

fr. pheggu

…kaṭasārakassa pariyante paṭisaṃharitvā duguṇa-karaṇa.“ See also Vin Texts iii.94.

etym.? Kern,

…

…*svasaṃ instead of *svasāraṃ] Ja.iv.184.

• -dhītā aunt’s daughter, i.e. (girl) cousin Dhp-a.i.85
• -putta…

…AN.iv.190.

• -dammasārathi guide of men who have to be restrained, epithet of the Buddha [cp. BSk. puruṣa-damyasārathi Divy.54 and…

at Ja.vi.39 read phussa˚; (q.v.).

…Vism.401, Vism.565 (˚anusārato accord. to the text of the Canon); Vism.607, Vism.630, Vism.660 sq., Vism.693, Vism.712; Kp-a.41; Snp-a.333,…

…Ja.i.93 (udakaṃ); Mil.305 (sāraṃ). 2. to bring to fall Ja.v.198; Mil.187. 3. to kill, destroy, cut off (the head) Ja.i.393; Ja.iii.177;…

…Vism.401, Vism.565 (˚anusārato accord. to the text of the Canon); Vism.607, Vism.630, Vism.660 sq., Vism.693, Vism.712; Kp-a.41; Snp-a.333,…

the hand Vin.iii.14 (pāṇinā paripuñchati); MN.i.78 (pāṇinā parimajjati) SN.i.178, SN.i.194; Snp.713; Dhp.124; Ja.i.126 (˚ṃ paharati) Pp-a 249 (id.); Pv-a.56; Sdhp.147, Sdhp.238. As adj. (-˚) “han …

emotion of joy, delight, zest exuberance. On term see Dhs. trsl. 11 and Cpd. 243 Classed under sankhārakkhandha, not vedanā˚-DN.i.37, DN.i.75; DN.iii.241, DN.iii.265, DN.iii.288; MN.i.37; SN.ii.30; …

…= Vin.iv.168, viz. masāraka bundikābaddha, kuḷirapādaka, āhaccapādaka (same categories as given under mañca)
■ Vin.i.47,…

-R-

the letter (or sound) r, used as euphonic consonant to avoid hiatus. The sandhi-r-originates from the final r of nouns in ˚ir & ˚ur of the Vedic period. In Pali it is felt as euphonic conso …

to shout, howl Ja.ii.407 (vv.ll. rayati, vasati; C. explains as “nadati”) = Ja.iv.346 (variant reading sarati).

ras

Ratana¹

neuter

1. (lit.) a gem, jewel Vv-a.321 (not = ratana², as Hardy in Index) Pv-a.53 (nānāvidhāni)
   ■ The 7 ratanas are enumerated under veḷuriya (Mil.267). They are …

1. fight, battle; only in Thig.360 (raṇaṃ karitvā kāmānaṃ): see discussed below; also late at Mhvs.35, Mhvs.69 (Subharājaṃ raṇe hantvā).
2. intoxication, desire, sin, fault. This meaning is the Buddhi …

…Thag.394 (= tucchaka anto-sāra-rahita Thag-a.258) Pv.iii.6#5 (of a river = tuccha Pv-a.202); Pv-a.139 (= suñña, virahita). Usually in…

kind of deer Ja.vi.537 (˚sarabhā migā).

fr. rohita, perhaps directly fr. Vedic rohita ewe, lit. the red one

…sāraṃ sāraṃ upaṭṭhahantaṃ asāran ti attho“ and Mrs. Rh. D. (Sisters, p. 154) trsl^s: “deluded by…

1. colour, hue; colouring, dye Vin.ii.107 (anga˚ “rougeing” the body bhikkhū angarāgaṃ karonti); Thag-a.78; Snp-a.315 (nānāvidha˚).
2. (as t. t. in philosophy & ethics) excitement passion; seldom by …

adjective (-˚) characteristic of the king, king-; in cpds arājaka without a king Ja.vi.39 (raṭṭhe); sarājaka including the king Tikp.26; f. sarājikā Vin.i.209 (parisā) Also …

…Snp.416 (addressed to Bimbisāra Pv-a.22 (id.); Ja.vi.515 2. [in a larger constitutional state] the crowned (muddhâvasitta) monarch (i.e….

…Snp.416 (addressed to Bimbisāra Pv-a.22 (id.); Ja.vi.515 2. [in a larger constitutional state] the crowned (muddhâvasitta) monarch (i.e….

…in the sphere of saṃsāra as one (i.e. the material quality) of the substrata of sensory individual existence or the khandhas They are the…

water Snp.62, Snp.319, Snp.672; Ja.i.8; Ja.v.169; Vv-a.41; Pv-a.157; Cnd.665 (“vuccati udakaṃ”); Mil.132 (written saliḷa); Sdhp.168. It is also adj. salilaṃ āpo flowing water Ja.vi.534; cp. Mil.114: …

to recollect, call to mind SN.iv.196; Vin.ii.183.

saṃ + anussarati

of a goad or spur Thig.210. See samosarati.

doubling up, bending back (orig. stretching!) Vism.500 (opp. pasāraṇa). See also sammiñjana.

fr. samiñjati

bending DN-a.i.196 (opp. pasāraṇa); Vb-a.358.

fr. sammiñjati

…back, to double up (opp pasārati or sampasāreti) Vin.i.5; MN.i.57, MN.i.168; DN.i.70; Ja.i.321; Vism.365 (variant reading samiñjeti);…

…back, to double up (opp pasārati or sampasāreti) Vin.i.5; MN.i.57, MN.i.168; DN.i.70; Ja.i.321; Vism.365 (variant reading samiñjeti);…

confused MN.i.21; SN.iv.125; SN.v.331; one who has forgotten Vin.iv.4#2 (= na ssarati), Pv.iii.165#13; -ssati id. AN.i.280.

saṃ + muṭṭha

1. to flow down together Mil.349.

2. to come together, gather Ja.i.178 (see on this Kern,

   Toevoegselen

   ii.60).

saṃ + osarati

coming together, meeting, union, junction DN.i.237; DN.ii.61; SN.iii.156; SN.v.42 sq., SN.v.91; AN.iii.364; Mil.38.

saṃ + osaraṇa

…by extirpation Vism.5 Snp-a.9 ˚maraṇa dying by extirpation (of saṁsāra) Vism.229; ˚visuddhi Pts.ii.3; ˚suññaṁ…

(rohiccasarabhā migā = rohitā sarabhamigā, C. ibid. 538) Sarabhamigajātaka the 483rd Jātaka Ja.i.193, Ja.i.406 (text sarabhanga); Ja.iv.263 sq.

• -pallaṅka “antelope-couch,” a …

adverb eagerly, quickly Dāvs iv.22, Dāvs iv.34 sq., 43.

sa² + rabhasaṃ

lizard Vin.ii.110; AN.ii.73; Ja.ii.135, Ja.ii.147; Snp-a.439.

cp. Sk. saraṭa

autumn the season following on the rains Snp.687; Vv.35#2. --samaya the autumn season DN.ii.183; MN.i.115; AN.iv.102 AN.v.22; Iti.20; SN.i.65; SN.iii.141, SN.iii.155; SN.v.44; Vv-a.134, Vv-a.161 …

adjective dusty Vin.i.48; AN.ii.54.

sa + rajo

vessel, a drinking vessel Ja.i.157, Ja.i.266; Ja.iv.384; DN-a.i.134, DN-a.i.136; Mhvs.32, Mhvs.32; Dhp-a.ii.85; Dhp-a.iii.7.

the tree Pinus longifolia Ja.v.420 (thus read with B instead of salaḷa).

?

adjective with its essential properties (see rasa) Mnd.43; sarasabhāva a method of exposition Dhs-a.71.

sa³ + rasa

large pond Vin.ii.201 = SN.ii.269; Ja.v.46.

Vedic sarasī

…Vin.ii.276; Vin.iii.221; sārayamāna, reminding Ja.i.50;
ppr pass. sāriyamāna Vin.iii.221; w. acc DN.ii.234; w. gen. Dhp.324; Ja.vi.496;…

adjective

1. having or making a sound, well-sounding Vin.i.182; AN.iii.375.
2. with a noise Mhvs.25, Mhvs.38.

sara⁵ + vant

the sun (lit. having rays) Mhvs.18, Mhvs.68.

fr. sa³ + raṃsi

Saraṇa¹

neuter shelter, house Snp.591; refuge, protection DN.iii.187; Snp.503; Ja.ii.28; DN-a.i.229; especially the three refuges—the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Brotherhood AN.i.56; DN.i …

something to be remembered AN.i.106.

grd. formation fr. saraṇa²

Sarita¹

gone, set into motion Dhp.341 (= anusaṭa, payāta Dhp-a.iv.49).

pp. of sarati¹

Sarita²

remembered Vin.ii.85.

pp. of sarati²

one who remembers DN.iii.268, DN.iii.286; AN.ii.35; SN.v.197, SN.v.225.

n. ag. fr. sarati²

river Dhs.1059; saritaṃ acc. Snp.3; gen. pl. Ja.ii.442; nom. pl. saritā Mil.125.

cp. Vedic sarit, fr. sarati¹

“lake-born,” a lotus Dāvs iii.13.

Sk. saroja, saras + ja

lotus Dāvs iii.83.

saras + ruha

adjective connected with lust, passionate DN.i.79; DN.ii.299; MN.i.59; Vism.410.

sa³ + rāga

adjective including the king Ja.i.126; fem
■ ikā Vin.ii.188; SN.i.162; Ja.ii.113, Ja.ii.114 (sarājika at Ja.iii.453); with the king’s participation Tikp.26 (sassāmika-sarājaka geha).

sa^{3</sup …}

denomination of a purgatory and its inhabitants SN.iv.309 sq. Various readings Parājita and Sarañjita.

causing somebody to remember Mil.79.

fr. sarāpeti Caus. of sarati²

cup, saucer AN.i.161; Ja.i.8; MN.iii.235 (for patta); Mil.282; DN-a.i.298; Pv-a.244, Pv-a.251.

Sk. śarāva

Err:509

imitative of the sound sarasara; chinnasassara giving out a broken or irregular sound of sarasara. MN.i.128 ‣See *> Journal of the Pali Text Society

,* 1889, p. 209.

Sata¹

(num. card.) a hundred, used as nt (collect.), either-˚ or as apposition, viz. gāma-sataṃ a hundred (ship of) villages Dhp-a.i.180; jaṭila-satāni 100 ascetics Vin.i.24; jāti˚ DN. …

memory, recognition, consciousness, DN.i.180; DN.ii.292; Mil.77–Mil.80 intentness of mind, wakefulness of mind, mindfulness alertness, lucidity of mind, self-possession, conscience self-consciousnes …

Satta¹

hanging, clinging or attached to Vin.i.185; DN.ii.246; Mnd.23, Mnd.24; Dhp.342; Ja.i.376 Cp. āsatta¹ & byāsatta.

pp. of sañj: sajjati

Satta²

1. (m.) a li …

Sārakkhati = saṃrakkhati

Thag.729.

…a…

passion Ja.iv.22. Cp. sārāga.

saṃ + rāga

1. to move about continuously, to come again and again Ja.i.335.
2. to go through one life after the other, to transmigrate DN.i.14; DN-a.i.105; ppr. saṃsaranto (& saṃsaraṃ); SN.iii.149; SN.iv.439; …

1. moving about, running; -lohita blood in circulation (opp. sannicita˚;) Vism.261 Kp-a.62; Vb-a.245.
2. a movable curtain, a blind that can be drawn aside Vin.ii.153.

fr. saṃ + sṛ.

transmigrated DN.ii.90; AN.ii.1; Thig.496. a˚ MN.i.82.

pp. of saṃsarati

…saṃsāra (its endlessness & inevitableness) see e.g. SN.ii.178 SN.ii.184 sq., SN.ii.263; SN.iii.149 sq.; Vb-a.134…

year DN.ii.327; AN.ii.75; AN.iv.139, AN.iv.252 sq.; Dhp.108; Ja.ii.80 Sdhp.239; nom. pl. saṃvaccharāni Ja.ii.128.

saṃ + vacchara; cp. Vedic saṃvatsara

…the misery caused by saṃsāra in past, present & future stages); Mhvs.1, Mhvs.4; Mhvs.23, Mhvs.62; Pv-a.1, Pv-a.22, Pv-a.32, Pv-a.39…

thought, intention, purpose, plan DN.iii.215; SN.ii.143 sq.; AN.i.281 AN.ii.36; Dhp.74; Snp.154, Snp.1144; Mnd.616 (= vitakka ñāṇa paññā buddhi); Dhs.21; Dhp-a.ii.78. As equivalent of *[vitakka](/def …

adjective doubtful; wicked Vin.ii.236 (cp. Vin. Texts iii.300); SN.i.49 = Dhp.312 (explained as “sankāhi saritabba, āsankāhi sarita ussankita, parisankita” Dhp-a.iii.485, thus taken as sankā + *sṛ …

…having the trenches filled; said of one who is free of saṃsāra MN.i.139; AN.iii.84; Cnd.p.161.

pp. of sankirati

fall, a heap of things fallen; only in cpd. paṇṇa˚; a heap of fallen leaves MN.i.21 (= paṇṇa-kacavara MN-a.i.120); Ja.ii.271.

most likely = Sk. śada (fall), fr. śad to fall; Kern

Toevoegselen …

to crush Ja.i.174. See also sarati³ & vi˚;
pp siṇṇa: see *vi*˚.

śṛ; Vedic śṛṇāti & śīryate

Siṃsati¹ [śaṃs]

to hope for Dhtp.296 (def. as “icchā”); only in cpd. ā˚; (q.v.).

Siṃsati²

is Desiderative of sarati¹
■ Siṃsati “to neigh” at Ja.v.304 is to be …

Su¹

indeclinable a part. of exclamation “shoo!”; usually repeated su su Ja.ii.250; Ja.vi.165 (of the hissing of a snake); Thag-a.110 (scaring somebody away), Thag-a.305 (sound of puffi …

see sarati².

winnowing basket Ud.68; Ja.i.502; Ja.ii.428; Vism.109 (+ sarāva), Vism.123; Mil.282; Dhp-a.i.174 (kattara˚); Dhp-a.ii.131; Mhvs.30, Mhvs.9. --ka a toy basket, little sieve Dhs-a.321 (+ musala …

…give sāra: they contain sāra (cp. sāravant). The Commentarial explanation as sār-ādāyin is nearer the truth, but of course not literal;…

violent, angry AN.i.148, AN.i.282; SN.iv.125; MN.i.21; Vism.134 (opp. passaddha-kāya), Vism.282 (˚kāya); Vb-a.283 (id.).

= saṃraddha

adjective autumnal Vin.i.199; Vin.ii.41; Dhp.285 = Ja.i.183; Vv.64#17; Dhp-a.iii.428.

fr. sārada

…Ja.ii.66; nissārajja undaunted Ja.i.274.

abstr. fr. sārada = *sāradya

infatuation, feeling infatuated Dhs.389; Ja.v.446.

fr. sārajjati

…SN.ii.172; SN.iii.69 sq.; SN.iv.10 sq.

saṃ + raj, cp. BSk. sārajyati, Sk. saṃrajyate, cp. sārāga

infatuation, the state of being infatuated Dhs.389.

= sārajjanā

to be embarrassed, perplexed, ashamed SN.iii.92; AN.iv.359.

Denom. of sārajja

…of wood) Ja.ii.163.

fr. sāra

Sāraka²

a messenger.

fr. sarati¹

Sāraka³

in the comp. kaṭa-sāraka a…

Sārakkhati = saṃrakkhati

Thag.729.

“standing under protection” (?), a category of married women Vin.iii.139 (cp MN.i.287).

fr. sa³ + rakkha

Sārambha¹

1. impetuosity, anger AN.i.100, AN.i.299; AN.ii.193; MN.i.16; Dhp.133; Ja.iv.26; Mil.289 (sasaṃrambha).
2. quarrel Snp.483;…

adjective impetuous Ja.iii.259.

fr. sārambha

dog (lit. “son of Saramā”) Mhbv.111.

Vedic sārameya

going Dhs-a.133.

fr. sarati¹

water bird, Ardea sibirica Vv-a.57, Vv-a.163; at both pass. = koñca.

cp. Epic Sk. sārasa

…SN.iv.176; purisadammasārathi a coachman of the driving animal called man, a man-trainer Vin.i.35; DN.i.49; Snp.p.103; Iti.79
■ In…

…SN.i.77; Dhp.345; Ja.i.288; Ja.ii.140; Mhvs.10, Mhvs.34 (˚mānaso). asāratta unattached Snp.704.

= saṃratta, pp. of sārajjati

adjective valuable, having kernel or pith (said of grain or trees) AN.iv.170 (synom. daḷha, opp palāpa); SN.v.163; MN.i.111 = MN.i.233.

fr. sāra

reminding, remonstrating with Vin.v.158, Vin.v.164.

fr. sāreti²

is Caus. of sarati¹ as well as sarati². Cp. vīti˚.

affection, infatuation Vin.ii.258; MN.i.17, MN.i.498; AN.i.264; SN.iii.69 sq., SN.iii.93; Dhs.1059, Dhs.1230; cp. saṃrāga
■ Neg. a˚; Dhs.32, Dhs.312, Dhs.315.

= saṃrāga, fr. saṃ + raj

adjective attached to MN.i.239 (sukha-˚); sukha-sārāgita ibid. impassioned.

fr. last

adjective courteous polite, friendly (making happy, pleasing, gladdening?) only in combination with kathā, dhamma, or dhammakathā e.g. s. kathā polite spe …

adjective trespassing Vin.i.55.

sa + atisāra

to subside, sink; to yield, give way SN.i.53; Snp.939 (= saṃsīdati osīdati Cnd.420); Iti.71; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.35 3^rd pl. sīdare Ja.ii.393; Pot. sīde Iti.71; fut. sīdissati: see ni˚
p …

lion DN.ii.255; SN.i.16; AN.ii.33, AN.ii.245; AN.iii.121; Snp.72; Ja.i.165; Mil.400; Cnd.679 (= migarājā) Vb-a.256, Vb-a.398 (with pop. etym. “sahanato ca hananato ca sīho ti vuccati”); Ja.v.425 (wo …

1. nature, character, habit behaviour; usually as-˚ in adj. function “being of such a nature,” like, having the character of…, e.g. adāna˚; of stingy character, illiberal Snp.244; Pv-a.68 (+ macc …

…taste of bark Dhs.629

• -sāra (a) (even) the best (bark, i.e.) tree SN.i.70 = SN.i.90; Iti.45 (b) a (rope of) strong fibre…

1. the string or cord of a lute, etc.; thread made of tendon Vin.i.182; Thig.390 (cp. Thag-a.257); Ja.iv.389; Dhp-a.i.163; Pv-a.151.
2. line lineage (+ paveṇi custom, tradition) Ja.vi.380; Dhp-a. …

shuttle Snp.215, Snp.464, Snp.497; Dhp-a.i.424; Dhp-a.iii.172. Cp. Morris, J.P.T.S. 1886, 160.

Vedic tasara, cp. tanta, etc.

…a man to the chain of Saṃsāra, of being reborn & dying again again (2^b) until Arahantship or Nibbāna is attained taṇhā…

Te˚

secondary base of numeral three (fr. ti) in compound: having a relation to a triad of, three-; in numerical compounds also = three (see under tayo).

• *-[kaṭula](/define/kaṭu …

…in set sāṭheyyaṃ th. sārambho māno, etc. AN.i.100, AN.i.299 = Nd ii.under rāga = Mil.289; cp. MN.i.15
■ AN.iii.430 (+ māna),…

(thāli˚ in compounds) an earthen pot, kettle, large dish; in -dhovana washing of the dish AN.i.161 (+ sarāva-dhovana); -pāka an offering of barley or rice co …

adjective

1. sharp, keen, eager: tibbagārava very devout AN.ii.21; Ne.112 (cp tīvraprasāda Avs.i.130); t- cchanda DN.iii.252, DN.iii.283.
2. dense, thick; confused, dark, dim: t- rāga Dhp.349 (= ba …

shelter, protection refuge, esp. as tt. of shelter & peace offered by the Dhamma. Mostly in combⁿ with leṇa & saraṇa; (see [dīpa & abhaya;](/define/dīpa & abhaya;)), in var. contexts, esp …

water Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.213; DN.ii.15 (˚assa dhārā gushes or showers of w.); Dhp.80 Dhp.145; Ja.i.212; Pv.i.5#7; Pp.31, Pp.32; Mil.318; Vv-a.20 (udake temanaṃ aggimhe tāpanaṃ); Dhp-a.i.289; Dhp-a. …

Uddhaṃ & Uddha˚

(indecl.) high up, on top, above (adv. & prep.)
■ On uddhaṃ in spatial, temporal, ethical & psychological application see in detail Cnd.155.

I. (adv.)

1. (of space) up a …

Uddhaṃ & Uddha˚

(indecl.) high up, on top, above (adv. & prep.)
■ On uddhaṃ in spatial, temporal, ethical & psychological application see in detail Cnd.155.

I. (adv.)

1. (of space) up a …

…DN.ii.135 (vippaṭisāraṃ); AN.i.203 (dukkhaṃ); Mil.109, Mil.139, Mil.164, Mil.286 Mil.383. grd. pass. -dahātabba to be given or…

to go to (with acc.), come to, approach, undergo, attain DN.i.55 (paṭhavi-kāyaṃ an-upeti does not go into an earthly body), DN.i.180; MN.i.486 (na upeti, as answer: “does not meet the question”); SN …

to run out, run away Ja.i.434 (imper. ussaratha); Ja.v.437
pp ussaṭa (q.v.)
caus ussāreti (q.v.).

ud + sarati of sṛ.

run away MN.ii.65.

pp. of ud + sarati of sṛ; cp. saṭa for *sūta

…(probably confused with ussāraṇa) tumult, uproar, confusion AN.iii.91, AN.iii.92 (variant reading ussāraṇa) = Pp.66 (=…

procession, going or running about, tumult Dhp-a.ii.7 (so read for ossāraṇā). Cp. ussādana.

fr. ussāreti

Ussāreti¹

to cause to move back, to cause to go away or to recede Vin.i.32, Vin.i.46 (here a student, when folding up his master’s robe, has to make the corners move back a hand’s breadth …

Uṇṇā (f.)

1. wool AN.iii.37 = AN.iv.265 (+ kappāsā cotton) Ja.ii.147; Snp-a.263 (patt˚).
2. hair between the eyebrows Snp.1022, & in stock phrase, describing one of the 32 signs of a Mahāpurisa, …

Vaccha¹

a calf Dhp.284; Ja.v.101; Vism.163 (in simile), Vism.269 (id.; kūṭa˚ a maimed calf); Dhs-a.62 (with popular etym. “vadatī ti vaccho”); Vv-a.100, Vv-a.200 (taruṇa˚). On *[vaccha] …

year Sdhp.239. See the usual saṃvacchara.

cp. Class. Sk. vatsara

adjective lovely, beautiful pleasant, usually of sound (sara) DN.ii.20 (˚ssara); SN.i.180 SN.i.190; Snp.350, Snp.668; Vv.5#3, Vv.36#1, Vv.36#4 (˚rūpa), Vv.50#18 (girā) Vv.63#6, Vv.64#10 (ghoso suvaggu …

…Snp.729 (jātimaraṇa-saṃsāraṃ), Snp.1143; Ja.iii.401; Ja.iv.103 (nirayaṃ) Pv.iv.1#72 (Pot. vajeyya); Cnd.423 (= gacchati kamati) Mhvs.11,…

spring Ja.i.86; Ja.v.206; Kp-a.192 (bāla˚ = Citra); DN-a.i.132 (˚vana); Pv-a.135.

Vedic vasanta; Idg. *ṷēr, cp. Av. varehar spring, Gr. εἄρ, Lat. vēr, Oicel. vār spring, Lith. vasarā summer.

primary meaning “to increase” (trs. intrs.); hence: to keep on, to prosper, to multiply, to grow SN.i.15 (read vaḍḍh˚ for vaṭṭ˚); SN.ii.206 (vaṇṇena), SN.iv.73, SN.iv.250; AN.v.249 (paññāya); Snp.329 …

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

…i.e. salvation from saṃsāra Snp-a.106.

• -bhaya fear of saṃsāra Vb-a.256.
• -mūla the root of…

1. to turn round, to move on: doubtful in “kattha vaṭṭaṃ na vaṭṭati SN.i.15; preferably with variant reading as vaḍḍhati
   caus 1 vaṭṭeti to turn or twist …

son of a widow; in two diff. passages of the Jātaka, both times characterized as sukka-cchavī vedhaverā “sons of widows, with white skins,” and at both places misunderstood (or unintelligibly exp …

quick motion, impulse, force; speed, velocity SN.iv.157; AN.iii.158 (sara˚); Snp.1074; Mil.202, Mil.258, Mil.391; Pv-a.11, Pv-a.47 (vāta˚) Pv-a.62 (visa˚), Pv-a.67, Pv-a.284 (kamma˚); Sdhp.295
…

…part) Vv-a.241, Vv-a.277
■ loc. vemajjhe:

1. in the present, or central interval of saṃsāra Snp.849 (cp. Mnd.213…

…Kp-a.104; Vv-a.213; Sdhp.593.

abstr. formation fr. visārada, i.e. *vaiśāradya

…ruby, masāragalla cat’s eye, veḷuriya lapis lazuli,…

indeclinable

I.

1. inseparable prefix of separation and expansion, in original meaning of “asunder,” semantically closely related to Lat. dis- & Ger ver-. Often as base-prefix in var mean …

…itself rare, e.g. Snp.483 (sārambhā yassa vigatā); Vv-a.33 (padumā mā vigatā hotu). Otherwise as follows: -āsa Pp.27; -āsava…

one of the dogmatic terms of Buddhist teaching varying in meaning in diff. sections of the Canon. It is not always the positive to avijjā (which has quite a well-defined meaning f …

adjective having intentions upon (-˚), designing AN.iii.136 (an-issara˚ intentioning unruliness).

fr. vikappa

…-rasa the essence of emancipation AN.i.36; AN.iv.203; Pv-a.287.

• -sāra substance or essence of…

is variant reading of bindu˚; (q.v.).

…no regret, no remorse AN.iii.46.

vi + paṭisāra

…Ja.i.200; Mil.10, Mil.285; Tikp.321, Kp.346.

fr. vippaṭisāra; cp. BSk. vipratisārin Divy.322, Divy.638

1. to shout (out), to cry aloud; to utter a cry or sound (of animals) Ja.ii.350 (kikī sakuṇo viravi); Ja.v.206; Mhvs.12, Mhvs.49 (mahārāvaṃ viraviṃsu mahājanā); Pv-a.154, Pv-a.217, Pv-a.245 (vissar …

multitude DN-a.i.40.

vi + sara

1. outcry, shout, cry of distress, scream Vin.i.87; Vin.ii.152, Vin.ii.207; Vin.iv.316; Pv-a.22 Pv-a.245 (s), Pv-a.279, Pv-a.284 (˚ṃ karoti); Sdhp.188.
2. distress Vin.iv.212, Vin.iv.229.

fr. vi …

to forget Vin.i.207; Vin.iv.261; Mhvs.26, Mhvs.16
pp vissarita.

vi + sarati, of smṛ.

forgotten Pv-a.202.

opp. of vissarati

spreading, diffusion, scattering Dhs-a.118.

fr. vi + sṛ.

…BSk. viśārada, e.g. Avs.i.180. On etym. see sārada

adjective spreading, extending, expanding Vin.iii.97 (vattu˚ T.; vatthu˚ MSS.).

vi + sāraka, of sṛ.

…or salvation from saṃsāra (see vaṭṭa cp. citta-vivaṭṭa, ceto˚, ñāṇa˚, vimokkha˚ at Ps; i.108 &…

…sense to turn away from saṃsāra), to divert destroy: only in phrase vivaṭṭayi saṃyojanaṃ (in standard setting with *acchecchi…

detachment, loneliness, separation, seclusion; “singleness” (of heart), discrimination (of thought) DN.i.37, DN.i.182; DN.iii.222, DN.iii.226, DN.iii.283 = SN.iv.191 (˚ninna citta); SN.i.2, SN.i.194; …

…viyattā vinītā visāradā* (which Rh. D trsl^s “true hearers, wise and well-trained, ready etc. Dial. ii. 114) at…

adj. nt. belonging to reinstatement AN.i.99.

fr. v(i) + osāraṇā

Vāsa¹

clothing; adj. (-˚) clothed in Ja.vi.47 (hema-kappana-vāsase).

vas to clothe, see vasati¹

Vāsa²

1. living, sojourn, life Snp.191; Mhv …

day (opp. night), a day Dāvs i.55; Dāvs v.66.

cp. Vedic vāsara matutinal, vasaḥ early

wind. There exists a common distinction of winds into 2 groups: “internal and “external” winds, or the ajjhattikā vāyo-dhātu (wind category), and the bāhirā. They are discussed at Vb.84, quoted a …

…a sting SN.iv.64.

• -sārada not fresh, not unexperienced i.e. wise Iti.123.

vi + ita, pp. of…

…fr. smṛ; cp. BSk. vyatisārayati to make pass (between), to exchange (greeting), to address, converse (kathaṃ), greet. Often in phrase…

Ya˚

I. Forms

(See inflection also at Geiger, P.Gr. § 110.) The decl. is similar to that of ta˚ among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.
■ sg. nom. m. *[yo](/define/y …

…sphere of existence in saṃsāra Cp. DN.iii.194, DN.iii.195; Ja.ii.17; Vv-a.333; Pv.ii.8#10 (where “yakkha” is explained by Dhpāla as…

endeavour, undertaking Ja.v.346 (C. explains samosaraṇa-ṭṭhāna?); Dhtp.121 (in explⁿ of yatati¹).

fr. yat, cp. Epic Sk. yatna

adjective having the character of being in accordance with (the truth or the occasion), real, true, just Iti.44 (santaṃ paṇītaṃ yathāvaṃ, nt.); Thag.188, Thag.422 (˚āloka-dassana seeing the real ligh …

abundant, numerous, most. Not found as adj. by itself, except in phrase yebhuyya-vasena mostly, as a rule Thag-a.51 and Pv-a.136, which is identical with the usual instr. *[yebhuyyena](/define/ye …

…Ja.i.400; Ja.iii.241 (saṃsārasāgaraṃ taranto y.); Pts.ii.26; Kvu-a.32; Mil.33 sq., Mil.43 , Mil.366, Mil.378 sq.; Vism.245 (as hunter),…

…Dhp-a.iii.57 (˚kathā = sārambhakathā). -˚ṃ ganhāti to take the lead, to play the usurper or lord Ja.iii.259 (C. for T. palāsin);…

adjective sufficient (lit “just as much”; i.e. such as it is), sufficiently founded logical, consistent, exact, definite, true Cnd.275 (where tatha is explained by taccha, bhūta, yāthāva, aviparīta) D …

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

adjective noun shining, brilliant, radiant, Name of a class of gods in the Brahma heavens “the radiant gods”, usually referred to as the representatives of supreme love (pīti & mettā) thus at DN.i.17; …

rinsing, washing with water, used

1. for the mouth DN.i.12 (= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DN-a.i.98).
2. after evacuation Ja.iii.486.

• -kumbhī water-pitcher used for rinsing …

…in the course of saṃsāra Thus in āgati gati cuti upapatti DN.i.162; AN.iii.54 sq. AN.iii.60 sq., AN.iii.74; cp. also SN.ii.67; Pv.ii.9#22…

…another form of life in saṃsāra (cp. āgati), one who is liable to rebirth AN.i.63; AN.ii.159; Iti.95. See…

…popular etym. e.g. Ja.i.181: sārathissa cittarucitaṃ kāraṇaṃ ājānana-sabhāvo ājañño, and Dhp-a.iv.4: yaṃ assadamma-sārathi…

…popular etym. e.g. Ja.i.181: sārathissa cittarucitaṃ kāraṇaṃ ājānana-sabhāvo ājañño, and Dhp-a.iv.4: yaṃ assadamma-sārathi…

…good report visārada self-confidence, asammūlho kālaṃ karoti an untroubled death, *saggaṃ lokaṃ…

…unsupported, independent Snp.743 (= nibbāna Snp-a.507). Cp. also nirambha upārambha, sārambha.

Sk. ārambha in meaning “beginning”, fr ā…

…ārakta, pp. of ā +…

adjective

1. long. extended, prolonged, kept up, lasting Vin.ii.108 (gītassara); AN.iii.251 (id.) Ja.i.362.
2. sudden, abrupt, instr. -ena abruptly Vin.ii.237.

= āyata

…with which cp. the popular etym. at Kp-a.82 “āyassa vā tananato āyatassa vā saṃsāradukkhassa nayanato āyatanāni” and at Vism.527…

adjective

1. connected with, endowed, furnished with Thag.753 (dve pannaras’āyuta due to twice fifteen); Snp.301 (nārī-varagaṇ˚ = ˚saṃyutta Snp-a.320); Pv.ii.12#4 (nānā-saragaṇ˚ ˚yutta Pv-a.157). …

lord, owner ruler Ja.iv.209 (of a black lion = kāḷa-sīha C.); Vv-a.168 f. īsī see mahesī a chief queen. Cp. also mahesakkha.

fr. iś to have power, perf. īśe = Goth. aih; …

adjective saline SN.iv.315; AN.iv.237; Dhs-a.243
■ nt. ˚ṃ a spot with saline soil Pv-a.139 (gloss for ujjhangala).

Sk. ūṣara, fr. ūṣa

…or ordeals); hattha-pasāraṇa-ṭṭhāna condition of outstretched hands Dhp-a.i.298 loc. ṭhāne (-˚) when required, at the…