One of the Cloud-group of devas. They are embodied in the thunder clouds (cumulus clouds), and when they wish to revel and delight themselves, thunder clouds make their appearance in the sky. SN.iii.256

Abhaya ¹

A monk whose verse concerning the bewildering effects of beautiful sights is in the Theragāthā. Thag.98

Abhaya²Abhayarājakumāra

The son of King Bimbisāra and of Padum …

A Therī. Two verses attributed to her are found in the Therigatha. Thig.33–34

A Therī. Two verses are attributed to her in the Therīgāthā. Thig.35 Thig.46

AbhiñjikaAbhijikaĀbhiñjika

A student of Anuruddha. On one occasion when the Buddha asks Mahā Kassapa to preach to the monks, the latter reports that it is impossible to talk to them because monks lik …

…faith. Snp.21–25

Aggikabhāradvāja²AggikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin of Rājagaha, a fire-tender. He prepares a meal for sacrifice,…

…of improvisation (paṭibhāna). SN.i.187 Here, again, the Buddha utters the praises of Hatthaka Āḷavaka, who visits him with a large…

…of the Bhāradvāja brothers. He came to the Buddha at Sāvatthī and the Buddha suggested to him the…

AjātasattuVedehiputta

Son of Bimbisāra, King of Māgadha, and therefore half-brother to Abhayarājakumāra. He murdered his father to gain the throne, and conspired with Devadatta to kill the Buddha, b …

One of the villages near Vesāli visited by the Buddha on his last tour D.ii.123. It was between Bhandagāma and Bhoganagara, on the road from Vesāli to Kusināra. This was evidently the road which led f …

AmbatitthaAmbatitthāAmbatiṭṭha

A village in the Cetiya country near Bhaddavatikā. When the Buddha was on tour near there he was repeatedly warned by the cowherds not to go to Ambatiṭṭha as in the Jaṭ …

AmbāṭakavanaAmbālavana

A grove at Macchikāsaṇḍa, belonging to Cittagahapati. It became the residence of large numbers of monks, and discussions often took place there between Cittagahapati and the re …

A grove to the south of Sāvatthī, one gāvuta away from the city. It was well guarded and monks and nuns used to resort there in search of solitude. The Bhikkhunī Saṃyutta contains stories of nuns wh …

A well-known paribbājaka who lived in the Paribbājakārāma on the banks of the River Sappinī near Rājagaha. He is mentioned as staying with the well-known paribbājakas, Varadhara and Sakuludāyi. …

A township in the Malla country to the east of Kapilavatthu. Large numbers of Sākiyan princes joined the Order there, including Bhaddiya, Anuruddha, Ānanda, Bhagu, Kimbila, Devadatta and their barber, …

First cousin of the Buddha and one of his most eminent disciples. He was the son of the Sākyan Amitodana and brother of Mahānāma. When members of other Sākyan families had joined the Order of their di …

A class of devas of the Rupaloka belonging to the plane of third jhāna.

Beings are born there who are possessed of faith, virtue, learning, munificence and wisdom. MN.iii.102

A class of devas of the Rūpaloka, belonging to the plane of second jhāna.

Beings are born there who have absorbed the idea of boundless brilliancy, MN.iii.147 or who are possessed of faith, virtue, …

A class of devas who were present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta.

They were like azure flowers in hue (ummāpupphanibhāsino). DN.ii.260

Assaji¹

The fifth of the Pañcavaggiyā monks. When the Buddha preached the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, he was the last in whom dawned the eye of Truth, and the Buddha had to discourse to h …

The country of Assaka is one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv.260 It does not, however; occur in the list of twelve countries given in …

AsurindakabhāradvājaAsurindakaBhāradvāja

A brahmin, one of three brothers who had conversations with the Buddha and were converted. SN.i.163f.

One of the four great monarchies in the time of the Buddha, the other three being Māgadha, Kosala and Vaṃsa (or Vatsa). Avanti is also mentioned among the sixteen Great Nations. AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN. …

AṅgaṇikabhāradvājaAṅgaṇikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin fire-worshipper who practiced asceticism to gain immortality. Later he practiced…

AṅgulimālaAhiṃsakaGaggaMantāniputta

A robber and murderer who was converted by the Buddha in the twentieth year of his ministry, and who later became an arahant. MN86

As a result of his deeds whole …

A country north of the river Mahī, evidently a part of Aṅga on the other side of that river .

It was here, in the village Āpaṇa, that the Buddha was staying when the Jaṭila Keṇiya came to see him; he …

…Vessāmitta, Yamataggi, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha, Kassapa and Bhagu. The list occurs in several places. Vin.i.245 AN.iii.224 MN.ii.169…

…Yamataggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha and Bhagu), Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 as the ancient sages of the brahmins. They abstained from…

A brahmin of the Bhāradvājagotta who had seven widowed daughters and was much in debt. One day he lost fourteen oxen, and, after searching for them…

A Brahmā. When the Buddha was once staying at Ukkaṭṭha in the Subhagavana, he read the thoughts of Baka, who had conceived the idea that this world was permanent and free from decay and death; and the …

Bhadda¹

A lay disciple of Nādikā who, the Buddha declared, had destroyed the five lower fetters and had been born in the highest deva worlds, thence to pass away entirely. DN.ii.92

Bhadda …

A market town near Kosambī. The Buddha went there and was warned by cowherds and others not to approach Ambatiṭṭha as a fierce Nāga dwelt there. Sāgata Thera, hearing this, went to Ambatiṭṭha and subd …

A group of thirty young men, converted by the Buddha.

They had gone picnicking with their wives in a forest glade between Bārāṇasi and Uruvelā. One of them had no wife, and for him they found a court …

Bhaddiya¹

An anāgāmī, one of seven persons who became arahants as soon as they were born in Avihā. SN.i.35 SN.i.60

Bhaddiya²Kāligodhāputta

Chief among monks of aristocratic …

Bhaddā¹

Wife of King Muṇḍa. At her death the king placed her body in a vessel of oil and mourned for her until his friend Piyaka took him to Nārada Thera at the Kukkuṭārāma, and there made …

When the Buddha, at Jetavana, laid down the rule that monks should eat one meal a day and that in the morning, Bhaddāli protested and refused to keep this rule because he said that, in so eating, he w …

A headman of Uruvelakappa and father of Ciravāsi. SN.iv.327

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses speak of going forth out of faith and attaining the Dhamma. Thig.9

One of the sixteen disciples of Bāvarī, who, at his request, visited the Buddha. Snp.1008

He questioned the Buddha as to how a man could get over attachment and cross the flood. By grasping after not …

A potter in Rājagaha in whose dwelling the Buddha met and conversed with Pukkusāti. MN.iii.237

Bhaggava seems to have been a generic name for all potters, perhaps a special form of address used towar …

A clothed Wanderer who lived in a pleasance near Anupiya.

He was a friend of Sunakkhatta. The Buddha once visited him, and their conversation is recorded in the Pātika Sutta. DN.iii.1ff.

The name of a tribe and a country, the capital of which was Suṃsumāragiri. The Bhagga country lay between Vesāli and Sāvatthī.

The Buddha went there several times in the course of his wanderings AN.i …

Bhagu¹

A famous sage of old. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 DN.i.238 DN.i.243 MN.ii.169 MN.ii.200 AN.iii.224 AN.iv.61

Bhagu²

He was born in a Sākiyan family, and having left the world wit …

BhallikaBhalliyaBhalluka

Together with Tapussa they were the first lay disciples of the Buddha. They offered a meal shortly after the Buddha was Awakened, while still near Uruvelā. Vin.i.3f. AN.i.2 …

Bharata¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses call on Nandaka and himself to declare their spiritual prowess to the Buddha. Thag.175–176

Bharata²

King of the Sovīras in the time of …

A recluse, once a co-disciple of the Buddha in the holy life. Once, when the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu and wanted lodging for the night, Mahānāma suggested that he should go to the hermitage of Bha …

A seaport in the country of Bharu. It is identical with Barygaza of Ptolemy and the Periplus of the Erythrean Sea. Bharukaccha is the modern Broach in Kathiawar. The people of Bharukaccha are called B …

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.69

The word occurs in the compound Ukkalā-Vassa-Bhaññā, SN.iii.73 MN.iii.78 AN.ii.31 a group described as ahetuvādā, akiriyavādā, natthikavāda, but who, nevertheless, agreed that the khandhas m …

A Vajjian village between Vesāli and Hatthigāma and near the former.

The Buddha visited it during his last tour, and while there he talked to the monks on four conditions, which lead to Nibbāna. DN.i …

BhaṇḍuBhaṇḍa

A colleague of Ānanda whom Kassapa reported to the Buddha at Veḷuvana for disputing with Abhiñjaka, colleague of Anuruddha. The Buddha sent for the disputants and rebuked them for their …

A grove in the Bhagga country. It contained a Deer Park wherein the Buddhastayed, on Suṃsumāragiri. Nearby was the house in which lived Nakulapitā and Nakulamātā. AN.ii.61 AN.iii.295 SN.iii.1 SN.iv.11 …

Evidently the name for a resident of the Bhoja country, modern Vidarbha.

In the Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.6f. the devaputta Rohitassa says that he was a Bhojaputta in his previous birth.

…Bhāradvāja and Suddhika Bhāradvāja; Aggika Bhāradvāja joined the Order at Veḷuvana, Sundarika Bhāradvāja on the banks of the…

The name of two Pacceka Buddhas. MN.iii.69

BilaṅgikaBhāradvāja

One of the Bhāradvāja brothers. On hearing that the eldest of the clan had entered the Order, he went to the Buddha, and,…

…his conversion of the Tebhātika Jaṭilā. He stayed at the Supatiṭṭha cetiya in Latthivanuyyāna, whither Bimbisāra, accompanied by…

He lived at Suṃsumāragiri in the Bhagga country and built a palace called Kokanada. When the palace was completed, the Buddha was staying at Bhesakalāvana near by, and Bodhi sent a message by Sañjikāp …

BuddhaBhagavāTathāgataSiddhatthaGotamaSugataSatthā

The Awakened one, the founder and teacher of the Buddha-dhamma. His personal name was Siddhattha Gotama, and he was a Khattiya of the Sakiyan clan. …

Bālakaloṇakāra BākalonakārāgamaBālakalonakārāma

A locality near Kosambī.

When the monks of Kosambī started quarrelling, the Buddha left them and went to Bālakalonakārāma, where he visited Bhagu and …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

A brahmin ascetic who went from Sāvatthī to Dakkhiṇāpatha and lived on the banks of the Godhāvarī in a hermitage which lay half in the territory of Assaka and half in that of Alaka.

He received the r …

Candana¹

A deva, vassal of the Four Regent Gods. DN.ii.258 He is mentioned as one of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in case of need. DN.iii.204 He once visited …

King of Avanti in the time of the Buddha. His name was Pajjota, the sobriquet being added on account of his violent temper.

Once, when ill with jaundice, he asked Bimbisāra to lend him the services o …

CetiyaCetiCetīCedi

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 probably identical with Cedi of the older documents. The people of Ceti settled near the Yamunā, to the east, in the neighbourhood of and …

The son of Bhadragaka. Bhadragaka visited the Buddha and told him that he was always anxiously waiting for news of Ciravāsī, who was away at school. SN.iv.329

A tree in the Asurabhavana SN.v.238 which lives for a whole aeon.

The inhabitants of the lowest deva world. his world derives its name from the Four Great Kings (Cattāro Mahārājāno) who dwell there as guardians of the four quarters: Dhataraṭṭha of the East, Virūḷh …

…that he converted Kasī-Bhāradvāja and Dhammasava and his father. On another of these occasions the Buddha saw the Magadhakhetta, which gave…

King of Kumbhavatī in Kaliṅga. MN.i.378

A monk, a close relative of the Buddha, who split the Sangha, and attempted to overthrow the Buddha and have him murdered. In one passage in the Vinaya, Vin.ii.189 Devadatta is spoken of as Godhiputta …

A pool near Kosambī. Close by was the Pilakkhaguhā and the Paribbājakārāma, where Ānanda once visited Sandaka and held a discussion with him. MN.i.513

25.321684,81.3180543lake

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of how one with right effort will overcome defilements. Thag.100

…and preached to Kāsī-Bhāradvāja the sutta which bears his name and which converted him to the faith. Snp.p.12ff. SN.i.172ff.

23.4834,…

…disciple of Pārāsariya. Their conversation is recorded in the Indriyabhāvānā Sutta. MN.iii.298ff.

25.0489, 87.838031town

A class of semi-divine beings who inhabit the Cātummahārājika realm and are the lowest among the devas. DN.ii.212 They are generally classed together with the Asuras and the Nāgas AN.iv.200 AN.iv.204 …

…after converting the Tebhātika-Jaṭilā (the three Kassapa ascetics), and here he lived with one thousand monks. On this occasion of his…

In the time of Kassapa Buddha he was a potter of Vehaliṅga, looking after his blind parents. He was a very pious and devoted follower of the Buddha, ministering to him better than anyone else, and the …

…for example, are: the Paṭibhānakūṭa, SN.v.448 the Sītavana, where the Buddha went to visit Soṇa, AN.iii.374 the river Sappinī, on the…

A brick hall at Nādikā. The Buddha stayed there on various occasions during his visits to Nādikā. It was during one of these visits that Ambapāli presented her park to the Buddha and the Order. Vin.i. …

Gosiṅgasālavanadāya¹

A forest tract near Nādikā. Once, when Anuruddha, Nandiya and Kimbila were living there, they were visited by the Buddha, who came from Giñjakāvasatha. The result of t …

…youths, Vāseṭṭha and Bhāradvāja at Icchānaṅkala, who, finding it impossible to bring their discussion to a conclusion, sought the…

Inda¹

Given in the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta as the name of the ninety-one sons of Dhataraṭṭha, king of the Gandhabbas. They are represented as being of great strength and followers of the Buddha. …

A town in the Kuru country. In the Kurudhamma Jataka J.ii.365f; also J.iii.400; J.iv.361; J.v.457; J.vi.255; Cyp.i.3, Cyp.v.1, Dhananjaya Koravya, is mentioned as its king and as the owner of Anjanava …

A thera. He had a brother, also a monk, named Isibhatta. Having spent the rainy season in Sāvatthī, they went to take up their abode in a certain village. The people there gave them food and robes, bu …

…round Rājagaha—Vebhāra, Paṇḍava, Vepulla and Gijjhakūṭa—had changed their old names, Isigili retained its former name and…

A Gandhabba, a vassal of the Four Regent Gods. He was present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.258

In the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta DN.iii.204 he is mentioned as a Yakkha chieftain to be invoked by th …

A brahmin of the Bhāradvājagotta. He goes to the Buddha and asks him the questions given in the Jaṭā Sutta. The Buddha gives the same answer….

A grove near Bhaddiya. The Buddha, when once staying there, laid down a rule about the use of slippers by monks. Vin.i.189f. There the banker Meṇḍaka visited him and provided meals for him and the m …

A great brahmin, ranking with eminent brahmins such as Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti and Todeyya. Snp.p.115 He is mentioned as staying in Icchānaṅgala, MN.ii.196 where he evidently took part in the pe …

JīvakaJīvakakomārabhacca

A celebrated physician, and the Buddha’s doctor. The Vinaya contains many stories of his skill in healing. Vin.i.268–281 Once when the Buddha was ill, Jīvaka found it necessa …

…disciple of Pārāsariya. Their conversation is recorded in the Indriyabhāvānā Sutta. MN.iii.298ff.

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Kakkaṭa²

An eminent monk mentioned, with Cāla, Upacāla, Kaḷimbha, Nikata and Kaṭissaha, as staying with the Buddha at the Kūṭāgārasālā in Vesāli. When the Licchavis started coming there to …

…of a brahmin of the Bhāradvāja-gotta, where a grass mat was spread for him by the brahmin. It was on this occasion, according to the…

A city near the Himalaya, capital of the Sākiyan republic. The administration and judicial business of the city and all other matters of importance were discussed and decided in the Santhāgārasālā. DN …

Kassapagotta¹

A monk living in Vāsabhagāma in the Kāsi kingdom. He was in the habit of showing extreme hospitality to the monks who came there from other parts. Once some monks who visited …

A brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, living at Ekanālā, in Dakkhiṇāgiri, and so called on account of his profession of agriculture. On the day of…

…were declared by the Buddha, in answer to a question by Ānanda, to have destroyed the five orambhāgiya fetters and to have become inheritors…

KaḷimbhaKalimma

One of the monks who lived in the Kūṭāgārasālā in Vesālī. Finding that the peace of the Mahāvana was being disturbed by the Licchavis who came to see the Buddha, he, with the other mo …

KimbilaKimilaKimmila

A Sākiyan of Kapilavatthu. He was converted with Bhaddiya and four other Sākyan nobles at Anupiya. Vin.ii.182 Kimbila seems to have maintained throughout his early friendship wit …

Kosala¹

A country inhabited by the Kosalans, to the north-west of Māgadha and next to Kāsī. It is mentioned second in the list of sixteen Great Nations.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 In the Buddha’s …

…Ānanda and Piṇḍola-Bhāradvāja preached to the women of Udena’s palace on two different occasions. Vin.ii.290f. The Buddha is…

One of the republican clans in the time of the Buddha. The Koḷiyā owned two chief settlements—one at Rāmagāma and the other at Devadaha.

Attached probably to the Koliyan central authorities, was a sp …

KoṇāgamanaKonāgamanaKanakamuniKanakāgamanaKaṇakāgamana

The second Buddha to be born in the Bhaddakappa. He was a brahman of the Kassapa clan who lived for 30,000 years. His enlightenment tree was an …

A village in the vicinity of Bhaddiyanagara. During his last tour the Buddha crossed the river at Pāṭaligāma, went on to Koṭigāma, and remained in that village preaching to the monks. Hearing that the …

A park in Pāṭaliputta. It was evidently the residence of monks from very early times, probably, for some time, of the Buddha himself. The Mahāvagga Vin.i.300 mentions the names of several theras who l …

A class of spirits mentioned with Yakkhas, Asuras and Nāgas. They live in the South and Virūḷha is their king. DN.ii.257 DN.iii.198

Slave of King Caṇḍapajjota. His father was non-human, and he himself could travel sixty leagues a day. When Pajjota discovered that Jīvaka had fled, after administering to him some medicine containin …

Kālāma¹

The name of a family. Mention is made of a town belonging to them in Kosala, which was called Kesaputta. The sermon preached by the Buddha on his visit to Kesaputta is justly famou …

…Buddha. MN.ii.168ff. In the Sutta the Buddha addresses Kāpathika as Bhāradvāja, perhaps because he belonged to that gotta.

…Kāsi was once ruled by the Bhāratas, one of whom, Dhataraṭṭha, was its king in the time of Reṇu. DN.ii.235f. There seem to have been…

A hall in the Mahāvana near Vesāli. The Buddha stayed there on several occasions, and in the books are found records of various eminent persons who visited him there and of his conversations with them …

LakuṇṭakaBhaddiya

He was given the title of Lakuntaka (Dwarf) owing to his very small stature.

The Udāna Ud.vii.1 Ud.vii.2 makes reference to the admonitions of Sāriputta and to the Buddha’s joy whe …

A powerful tribe of India in the time of the Buddha. They were certainly khattiyas, for on that ground they claimed a share of the Buddha’s relics. DN.ii.165

Their capital was Vesāli, and they form …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that, thrusting aside grasses with his chest, he will seek seclusion. Thag.27

According to the Lomasakaṅgiya Bhaddekaratta Sutta, MN.iii.199f. Candana visited Lom …

MahākassapaKassapaPippali

One of the Buddha’s most eminent disciples, chief among those who upheld austere practices. AN.i.23 His personal name was Pippali, but he is usually known by his clan name K …

MahāmoggallānaMoggallānaKolita

The second of the Chief Disciples of the Buddha. He and Sāriputta went forth as disciples of Sañjaya. After some time, Sāriputta, wandering about in Rājagaha, met Assaj …

Mahānāma¹

A Sākiyan rājā, son of Amitodana; he was elder brother of Anuruddha and cousin of the Buddha. When the Sākiyan families of Kapilavatthu sent their representatives to join the Ord …

Mahāpajāpatī GotamīPajāpatī

An eminent bhikkhunī and the step-mother of the Buddha. She raised the Buddha as her own child after the death of his mother.

She is chiefly remembered as the first bhik …

Chief queen of Mahāsudassana. DN.ii.169ff. Aii.189 SN.iii.145

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that one should only stay in a dwelling that is conducive to the goal. Thag.105

The name of a people and their country.

The country is included in the sixteen Great Nations of the Buddha’s time. The kingdom, at that time, was divided into two parts, having their respective capit …

MaṇimālikaMaṇimālaka

A shrine where the Buddha stayed and where he was visited by the Yakkha Maṇibhadda. SN.i.208

4shrine

The pupil of a “bamboo acrobat” of long ago. His master called to him one day and asked him to climb the bamboo and to stand on his shoulder. Then the master suggested that they should watch and look …

A very rich householder of Bhaddiyanagara in Aṅga. It is said Vin.i.240f. that when he went to his granaries after his ceremonial bath, as he stood at the door, showers of grain would fall from heav …

…AN.i.35 Their language is called Milakkhabhāsā.

The capital of the Videha country. The city was very ancient, and, according to the Mahāgovinda Sutta, DN.ii.235 was founded by Mahāgovinda, steward of King Reṇu.

It was also the capital of Makhādeva …

A grove in Kajaṅgalā. It was there that the Buddha preached the Indriyabhāvanā Sutta. MN.iii.298

25.041438,87.836182park

A king of Māgadha, great grandson of Ajātasattu and son of Anuruddha. It is probably this same king who is referred to in the Aṅguttara Nikāya. AN.iii.57ff. His wife Bhaddā died, and Muṇḍa gave hims …

…the fire hut of the brahmin Bhāradvājaggotta at Kammāsadamma and Māgaṇḍiya came to the hut. Seeing the grass mat on which the Buddha slept…

The name given to the chariot driver of Sakka. The Mātali of the present age had a son, Sikhandhi, with whom Bhaddā Suriyavaccasā, daughter of Timbarū, was in love; but later she transferred her affec …

Wife of Nakulapitā. They were householders of Suṃsumāragiri in the Bhagga-country. When the Buddha visited the village and stayed at Bhesakalāvana, they went to see him. They immediately fell at his …

Husband of Nakulamātā. They were householders of Suṃsumāragiri in the Bhagga-country. When the Buddha visited the village and stayed at Bhesakalāvana, they went to see him. They immediately fell at h …

Navakammika Bhāradvāja

One of the Bhāradvājas. Once, when the Buddha was staying in a forest in Kosala, Navakammika, who was there seeing about…

Nigaṇṭha NāṭaputtaNigaṇṭha NāthaputtaNāthaputtaNāṭaputta

Founder or reformer of the Jains. One of six eminent teachers, contemporary with the Buddha; he is described as a outsider. SN.i.66

He was le …

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of giving up desire and patiently awaiting one’s time. Thag.195–196

The Mahā Parinibbāna Sutta DN.ii.72ff. gives a list of the places at which the Buddha stopped during his last journey along that road—Ambalaṭṭhikā, Nāḷandā, Pāṭaligāma, Koṭigāma, Nādikā, Vesāli, Bha …

A monk, mentioned once as staying at the Ghositārāma in Kosambī, with Musila, Savittha, and Ānanda. In the course of discussion he declares that, though aware of the nature of nibbana, he is not an ar …

…given in the texts e.g., Annabhāra, Varadhara, etc., AN.ii.175 also Sāmaṇḍaka, SN.iv.26 and the Paribbājikā Sucimukhī. SN.iii.238f. In…

…devas included among the Ābhā gods. Beings are born among them as a result of absorbing the idea of untarnished brilliancy.MN.iii.102 MN.iii.147…

A class of devas belonging to the Subha Devas. MN.iii.102 Beings are born among them after attaining the third jhāna.

…devas included among the Ābhā gods. MN.iii.102

They belong to the plane of the second jhāna. Beings are born there by virtue of absorbing…

…Dīgha Nikāya DN.iii.201 speaks of it as a hall (sabhā).

5building

The name given to the five monks—Koṇḍañña (Aññā Koṇḍañña), Bhaddiya, Vappa, Mahānāma, and Assaji—to whom the Buddha preached his first sermon at Isipatana.

All five joined in the austerities of Gotam …

A cave near Kosambī. The wanderer Sandaka is said to have stayed there. Nearby was the Devakatasobbha. MN.i.513

25.29188, 81.366113cave

…arahant who announced before the Buddha his readiness to answer the questions of any doubting monks,…

PokkharasātiPokkharasādi

A brahmin of great wealth and learning who lived in Ukkaṭṭha, on a royal demesne given by Pasenadi. Ambaṭṭha was the pupil of Pokkharasāti, who sent him to the Buddha at Icch …

A wanderer who visited Samiddhi at the Vejuvana in Rājagaha and said that he had heard the Buddha declare that all action and speech were vain, and that what passed in the mind was the only thing of i …

A young monk whom the Buddha met at the house of Bhaggava, the potter, in Rājagaha. Pukkusāti was already occupying the guest room of the house, and the Buddha asked to be allowed to share it, to whic …

PālileyyaPārileyyaPārileyyaka

A town near Kosambī. When the Buddha found that he could not persuade the Kosambī monks to refrain from quarrelling, he left Kosambī alone and unattended, and passing th …

…mentioned in the Indriyabhāvanā Sutta. He is said, by his pupil Uttara, to have taught that those who have developed their indriyas could…

…hundred thousand for his sabhā or Council Sp.i.52.

The city was known to the Greeks as Pālibothra, and Megasthenes, who spent some time there,…

The name given to a set of rules to be observed by members of the Buddhist Order. The rules regulate the behaviour of the members of the Order towards one another in respect of clothes, dwellings, fur …

A city of the Mallas which the Buddha visited during his last journey, going there from Bhogagāma and stopping at Cunda’s mango grove.

Cunda lived in Pāvā and invited the Buddha to a meal, which prov …

Pūraṇa Kassapa

One of the six well known teachers, contemporaneous with the Buddha. He is said to have taught the doctrine of non-action, denying the result of good or bad actions. DN.i.52f.

Else …

Rakkhita ¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of having uprooted all defilements and become cool. Thag.79

Rakkhita²Rakkhitavanasaṇḍa

A forest tract near the village of Pāril …

Son and successor of King Disampati. On the death of his father Reṇu, with the advice and co operation of his chief steward Jotipāla, who was also his great friend, divided his kingdom into seven part …

RāhuRāhubhadda

An Asura chieftain. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.49f. says that on one occasion when he seized the Moon god, and on another the Sun god, both these invoked the aid of the Buddha. The Bud …

RāhulaRāhulabhadda

Only son of Gotama Buddha. When the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu for the first time after his Enlightenment and accepted Suddhodana’s invitation, Rāhula’s mother sent the boy to the …

RāhulamātāBimbāBhaddakaccāYasodharāBhaddakaccānāBimbāsundarīBimbādevīSubhaddakā

The name, generally given in the texts, of Rāhula’s mother Vin.i.82 and Gotama’s wife.

On the seventh day of the Buddh …

…the conversion of the Tebhātika Jatilas. Bimbisāra and his subjects gave the Buddha a great welcome, and the king entertained him and a large…

The name of a tree, at the foot of which the Buddha received a gift of wheat and honey from the merchants Tapassu and Bhallika in the eighth week after the Enlightenment. Vin.i.3f.

Uruvelā3shrine

…deliberate in the Sudhamma sabhā and Sakka consults with them rather than issues them commands. On such occasions, the Four Regent Devas are…

…there.AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 In these contexts he is said to have been in the company of Annabhāra and Varadhara, evidently themselves eminent…

One of the two chief disciples of Sikhī Buddha. DN.ii.4 SN.i.155

Samiddhi

Once, while he was at Silāvati musing on his good fortune as a monk, Māra tried to terrify him. Samiddhi told the Buddha of this, but the Buddha asked him to stay on where he was. He obeyed, …

A Mahā Brahmā, whose name means “ever young”. In the Nikāyas DN.i.121 MN.i.358 SN.i.153 AN.v.327 he is mentioned as the author of a famous verse, which is eleswhere attribued to the Buddha. SN.ii.284 …

A disciple of the Buddha at Ñātikā. He was born after death in Akanitthābhavana, there to pass entirely away. DN.ii.92 SN.v.358f.

SappasoṇḍikapabbhāraSappasoṇḍika

A mountain cave in the Sītavana, near Rājagaha. DN.ii.116 A conversation which took place there between…

A Paribbājaka who joined the Order and soon after left it. He then went about proclaiming in Rājagaha that he knew the Dhamma and Vinaya of the Sakyaputta monks, and that was why he had left their Ord …

Sarabhaṅga¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Sarabhaṅga²

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of living in a hut of reeds he built himself. By practicing the straight road of the s …

…on the slope of Mount Vebhāra. Once, when the Buddha was staying there, he gave to Ānanda the opportunity of asking him to live for an eon,…

A class of Devas, among whom virtuous men, such as those that maintain their parents and engage in harmless trades, are born. Snp.404

Sañjaya¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that since going forth he has not had any hate. Thag.48

Sañjaya²

In the Kaṇṇakatthala Sutta Viḍūḍabha tells the Buddha that it was …

A class of devas. Beings are born in their world when they have practiced jhāna with tarnished brilliance. MN.iii.147

SikhaḍḍīSikhaṇḍī

A Gandhabba, son of Mātali; Bhaddā Suriyavaccasā was at first in love with him, but she was won later by Pañcasikha. DN.ii.268

…Aruṇa and his mother Pabhāvatī.

• His wife was Sabbakāmā and his son Atula.
• His Bodhi was a puṇḍarīka.
• The Bodhisatta was…

…in the cleft of Mounts Vebhāra and Paṇḍava while the lightning flashes. Thag.41

Sirivaḍḍha²

A minister of Pasenadi, who…

A country mentioned in the Mahāgovinda Sutta. DN.ii.235

In the time of King Reṇu, Bharata was king of Sovīra, and Roruka was its capital.

Eder, Gujarat?3region

…young brahman student. He once visited the Buddha in Sāvatthī, asking him various questions. The…

Subhadda¹

When the Buddha died and the monks stood weeping, Subhadda asked them to rejoice instead, saying— “We are well rid of the Great Monk; we shall now do just as we like.” Mahā Kassa …

A wood in Ukkaṭṭha. Once, when the Buddha was there, he visited the Avihā gods DN.ii.50 and, again, from there he visited Baka Brahmā, to whom he preached the Brahmanimantanika Sutta MN.i.326 SN.i.142 …

SubhakinnāSubhakiṇṇāSubhakiṇhā

A class of Brahmas who occupy the ninth Rūpa-world; a division of the Subha devā.MN.iii.102 DN.ii.69 MN.i.2 Beings are born in that world as a result of developing the …

…group includes the Parittasubhā, the Appamāṇasubhā and the Subhakiṇhā. MN.iii.102

Subhā²Kammāradhītā

The daughter of a…

SuddhikabhāradvājaSuddhikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and stated that a man can be purified only by knowledge of the…

Sumana¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of having accomplished all that he was aksed to do. Thag.330–334

Sumana²Cūḷasumana

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of ordaini …

Sumbha¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Sumbha²

A country in which was Desaka, where Udāyi visited the Buddha during a stay, and had a conversation with him. SN.v.89 SN.v.168

…brahmin, one of the Bhāradvājas. Once, when he was performing Fire-rites on the banks of the Sundarikā, he looked round to see if there…

A river in Kosala, reputed to be efficacious in washing away sins. MN.i.39 There Sundarika Bhāradvāja held sacrifices in honour of Agni and met the Buddha during such a sacrifice. SN.i.167 Snp.p.79

SuriyavaccasāBhaddā

A Gandhabba maiden, daughter of Timbaru.

When she went to dance before Sakka, Pañcasikha saw her and fell in love with her, but she favoured Mātali’s son Sikhaṇḍī.

Later she hea …

SusumāragiriSuṃsumāragiri

A city in the Bhagga country, of which it was probably the capital. Near the city was the Bhesakalāvana where the Buddha stayed.

During his visits there he preached the Anu …

Sāgata

He was the personal attendant of the Buddha at he time when Soṇa Kolvisa visited Bimbisāra, with overseers of the eighty thousand townships of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Sāgata was endowed with supe …

A town in Kosala. It was regarded in the Buddha’s time as one of the six great cities of India, the others being Campā, Rājagaha, Sāvatthī, Kosambī and Benares. DN.ii.146 In the Vinaya Vin.i.253 howev …

A tribe in North India, to which the Buddha belonged. Their capital was Kapilavatthu. Mention is also made of other Sākyan settlements - e.g., Cātumā, Khomadussa, Sāmagāma, Devadaha, Sīlavatī, Nagara …

A courtesan of Rājagaha. She was the mother of Jīvaka Komārabhacca Vin.i.268f. and of his sister Sirimā.

…was the Sappasoṇḍikapabbhāra, SN.i.210f. Vin.ii.76 Vin.iv.159 where Upasena was killed by a snake bite SN.iv.40 and Soṇa Koḷivisa…

A large lake below the Vebhāra mountain, outside Rājagaha. The lake was cool, but the stream flowing from it, also called Tapodā, Vin.iii.108…

TapussaTapassu

A merchant of Ukkalā. He and his friend, Bhalluka, while on their way to Rājagaha, saw the Buddha at the foot of the Rājāyatana tree, in the eighth week after the Enlightenment. They o …

A nun, one of four sisters who all joined the Order, the others being Nandā, Nandavatī and Sundarinandā.

Thulla-Nandā appears to have had charge of a large company of nuns, all of whom followed her …

…of the brahmins in Icchānaṅgala and in Manasākaṭa.

He was the teacher of Bhāradvāja, companion of Vāseṭṭha. Snp.p.115f. DN.i.235…

A mote-hall built by the Mallas of Pāvā. When it was finished they invited the Buddha to be its first occupant. The Buddha went with the monks and spent the night in the hall. It was on this occasion …

Ubhato-vibhaṅga

A collective term, comprehending the Bhikkhu-vibhaṅga and the Bhikkhunī-vibhaṅga of the Vinaya Pītaka. Sometimes the word seems to be used as varia lectio for Ubhato-Vinaya. Vin.ii.287

…visited Piṇḍola Bhāradvāja to learn how young monastics curbed their passions, at which meeting Udena declared himself a follower of…

UdāyibhaddaUdāyibhaddaka

Son of Ajātasattu. When Ajātasattu, after the death of his father, paid his first visit to the Buddha and saw the Buddha seated amidst the monks in a scene of perfect calm an …

Udāyī¹LāludāyīPaṇḍita Udāyī

There were at least two monks called Udāyī, and it is not always possible to be sure which one is meant. When the Buddha preached the Nāgopama Sutta, AN.iii.344 …

UggahaMeṇḍakanattā

The grandson of the banker Meṇḍaka; he lived in Bhaddiya. Once when the Buddha was staying in the Jātiyāvana at Bhaddiya, Uggaha invited him and three monks to a meal at his house. …

A district identified with modern Orissa. The merchants Tapussa and Bhalluka were on the way from Ukkalā, when they visited the Buddha shortly after his Awakening, near Uruvelā, and offered food to hi …

A town in Kosala, near the Himālaya. It has been given, free from all taxes (as brahmadeyya), to Pokkharasāti by the king of Kosala, in recognition of the former’s skill. It was thickly populated an …

Son of Upacālā and nephew of Sāriputta and Khadiravaniya-Revata. He was ordained by Revata. Thag.43 He is mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.v.133 in a list of very eminent disciples, together with …

…of the Sappasondika-pabbhāra, fanned by the gentle breeze, mending his outer robe, two young snakes were sporting in the tendrils overhanging…

UpavattaUpavattana

The sāla-grove of the Mallas of Kusināra, on the further side of the Hiraññavatī. This was the last resting-place of the Buddha on his last tour, and here he passed away, lying …

Name of a Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.69

A township of the Mallas in the Malla country. Once when the Buddha was staying there, Bhadragaka, the headman of the town, visited him, and the Buddha preached to him a sermon on the arising and the …

…At Uruvelā dwelt also the Tebhātika-Jatilas: Uruvelā-Kassapa, Nadī-Kassapa and Gayā-Kassapa, who all became followers of the Buddha….

…of three brothers, the Tebhātika-Jatilas, living at Uruvelā. After initial resistance, all became the Buddha’s followers. He lived on the…

Usabha ¹

Going out one day from his cave after the rains, he saw the loveliness of the woods and mountains and reflected, “These trees and creepers, though unconscious, yet by the season’s …

…preached to him the Indriya-bhāvanā Sutta. MN.iii.298ff.

Perhaps it is this same student that is mentioned in the Pāyāsi Sutta. When…

A brahmin. He once visited the Buddha at Sāvatthī and asked him whether the five sense-faculties, which were of different scope and range, had any common ground of resort. The Buddha replies that the …

The name of a country and of its people. It was one of the sixteen Great Nations. The inhabitants appear to have consisted of several confederate clans of whom the Licchavī and the Videhā were the chi …

…Buddha. He lived with Annabhāra, Sakuludāyī and others in the Paribbājakārāma, on the banks of the Sappinikā, AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 and again…

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of one who kills himself and others, and then address a certain Sujampati, saying that a brahmin has color on the inside. Thag.139–140

Mentioned with Bhañña in the compound Vassabhaññā, as dwellers of Ukkalā and as “denying cause, consequence and reality.” There were certain aspects of the Buddha’s teaching which even they would acce …

The Vaṃsas and their country. It lay to the south of Kosala, and its capital was Kosambī on the Yamunā. Udena, son of Parantapa, was its king in the time of the Buddha.

Avanti lay to the south of th …

…by the Buddha—e.g., the Subhāsita Sutta, Thag.1227–1230 a sutta on Nibbāna, Thag.1238–1245 and a sutta preached at the Pavāraṇā…

…Vin.ii.76 The river Tapodā rose in a lake at the foot of Vebhāra.

25.000154,85.3989261hill

VedisaVedisagiri

A city, the home of Devī, mother of Mahinda. He and Sanghamittā were born there, and, just before he left for Ceylon, he went there to visit his mother and stayed for one month in th …

VekaliṅgaVebhaliṅgaVehaliṅga

A township where lived Ghaṭīkāra, friend of Jotipāla. SN.i.34 SN.i.60

The township was in Kosala, and once, during his long stay in Kosala, the Buddha visited the ārāma …

Chief of the eighty four thousand women who waited on Mahāsudassana, king of Kusāvatī. She was also called Khattiyānī. SN.iii.146 But in the Dīgha DN.ii.187 the chief queen is called Subhaddā.

A city, capital of the Licchavis. It is not possible to know how many visits were paid by the Buddha to Vesāli, but the books would lead us to infer that they were several. Various Vinaya rules are me …

VirūḷhaVirūḷhaka

One of the Four Great Kings. He is the king of the south, and, in the assembly of the devas, sits facing north.DN.ii.207 DN.ii.221 He is lord of the Kumbhaṇḍas. DN.iii.198

ViḍūḍabhaViḍūḍabha

Son of Pasenadi and Vāsabhakhattiyā. Both in the Piyajātika Sutta MN.ii.110 and the Kaṇṇakatthala Suttas. MN.ii.127 Viḍūḍabha is spoken of as general.

VāsabhagāmakaVāsabhagāma

A village in Kāsī. It was once the residence of Kassapa Thera. Vin.i.312f.

Kāsī3town

VāsabhagāmīVāsabhagāmika

One of the four Western monks appointed to the committee which considered the Ten Points raised by the Vajjiputtaka at the Second Council. Vin.ii.305

The second queen of King Pasenadi. MN.ii.110

…brahmin who, with his friend Bhāradvāja, visited the Buddha and held discussions with him. These discussions are recorded in the Tevijja Sutta,…

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

A generic name for devas distinguished for their brilliance, such as the Parittābhā and the Appamāṇābhā. MN.iii.102

…lists of devas MN.i.289 they are given below the Appamāṇābhā and above the Subhā.

5heaven

One of the principal disciples of the Buddha. He was a first cousin of the Buddha and was deeply attached to him. Ānanda entered the Order in the second year of the Buddha’s ministry, together with ot …