…is often merely expletive; kho is used esp.

1. after pronouns.
2. after adverbs or other particles.
3. in interrogative clauses. 4….

interrogative particle

entered, overcome, by dukkha.

…to the past and/or future; parallel (in direct speech) to tena kho pana samayena (+ historic present).

…particles, esp. by nu, nu kho, (s)su, ssa); who are you who…?; sometimes expressing indignation: who does he think he is to …? who are…

kathan nu (kho)

(?) how indeed? how possibly? how on earth? how really? exactly like what?

kathan nu (kho)

(?) how indeed? how possibly? how on earth? how really? exactly like what?

shakes; agitates, disturbs

shakes; agitates, disturbs

a

1. (mfn.) linen, made of linen.
2. (n.) flax.

very fine linen; made of very fine linen

…often strengthened by nu, nu kho, (s)su, ssa),

1. interrogative particle.
2. why? how?.
3. (+ ins tr.) what is the use of …, away with …, no…

…not; indeed not; na kho, na kho pana; na tu, na ca, but not; and not; rather than; na is sometimes used (or written) iic: not-a-, a…

…(often followed by ca or ca kho) 3. nor. 4. or not (either alone or with vā, udāhu etc) 5. no ce:

1. if not (followed by a verb, or forming a…

…(very often followed by kho): 2. indeed; surely. 3. 1. by itself. 2. combined with an interrogative pronoun or adverb. 3. in double…