Akusala: Disadvantageous, are all those kammic intentions kamma - cetanā see: cetanā and all consciousness and mental properties associated therewith, which are accompanied either by greed …

Akusala-sādhārana-cetasika: Universal, general or primary disadvantageous mental properties associated with all disadvantageous intentions: These are four; 1: Lack of moral shame ahirika, 2: L …

Akusala-vitakka: Disadvantageous thoughts as defined under akusala In M. 20, five methods of overcoming them are given: by changing the object, thinking of the evil results, paying no attention …

Bhavanga-sota: and Bhavanga-citta: The first term may tentatively be rendered as the ‘undercurrent forming the condition of being, or existence’, and the second as ‘subconsciousness’, though …

*Issā:* ‘envy’, is a kammically disadvantageous akusala mental property, which is occasionally associated with hate-rooted consciousness see: Tab. I. 30, 31. Explained in Pug. 55.

Padhāna: ‘effort.’ The 4 right efforts samma - padhāna forming the 6th stage of the 8-fold path i.e. sammā - vāyāma see: magga are: 1 the effort to avoid samvara-padhāna 2 to overc …

Paticcasamuppāda: ‘dependent origination’, is the doctrine of the conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena, a doctrine which, together with that of impersonality anattā, forms the …

Puñña: merit, meritorious, is a popular term for kammically advantageous kusala action. Opposite terms: apuñña = demerit. pāpa = ‘bad’, ‘evil’. The value of meritorious action is often stres …

Titthāyatana: the 3 ‘articles of heretical belief’. which in A. III, 61 are declared as leading to inactivity, are: 1 the belief that all happiness and woe are produced through former kamma prenat …

Ākāsa: ‘space’, is, according to Com., of two kinds: 1. limited space paricchinnākāsa or paricchedākāsa, 2. endless space anantākāsa, i.e. cosmic space.

1. Limited space, under th …