god Snp.681 (= deva Snp-a.484); name of a Bodhisatta Ja.v.12, Ja.v.13 surakaññā a goddess, a heavenly maid Ja.v.407 (= devadhītā, C.); surinda the king of gods Mhbv.28. Opp asura. …

… ■ Five kinds of surā are mentioned viz. piṭṭha˚, pūva˚, odana˚ (odaniya˚), kiṇṇapakkhitta˚…

Sūra¹

valiant, courageous SN.i.21; Ja.i.262, Ja.i.320; Ja.ii.119; (m.) a hero, a valiant man DN.i.51 DN.i.89; DN.iii.59, DN.iii.142, DN.iii.145 sq; AN.iv.107, AN.iv.110; Snp.831; DN-a.157 …

adjective not to be split or divided, not to be drawn away or caused to be dissented, inalienable Snp.255 (mitto abhejjo parehi) Ja.i.263 (varasūra…), Ja.iii.318 (˚rūpa of strong character abhijja-ha …

faith, belief, reliance, trust Dhs.12 (“sense of assurance” trsl., + saddhā), Dhs.25, Dhs.96, Dhs.288; Pv-a.223.

abhi + pasāda, cp. BSk. abhiprasāda Avs.12 (cittasyu˚) & vippasāda

Abhiññā¹

feminine Rare in the older texts. It appears in two contexts. Firstly, certain conditions are said to conduce (inter alia) to serenity, to special knowledge (abhiññā), to specia …

adjective & adverb ˚-

1. uninterrupted, continuous, perpetual Ja.i.223; Mil.413; Vv-a.71; Pv-a.73, Pv-a.125, Pv-a.266; Sdhp.288.
2. final, absolute, complete; adv. thoroughly SN.i.130 (˚ṃ hatapu …

adjective (-˚) bent on, given to, addicted to Ja.v.427 (surā˚).

fr. adhiṭṭhāti

…Snp.106 (+ itthidhutta & surādhutta).;

• -vāṭa fence round an arena for wrestling Ja.iv.81. (? read akka-).

Vedic…

indeclinable emphatic particle

1. in affirmative sentences: part. of assurance emphasis = for sure, very much (so), indeed, truly. Note. In connection with a dat. or an infin. the latter only app …

adjective of boundless or immeasurable splendour Sdhp.255.

a + mita (pp. of mā) + ā + bhā

adjective to be blamed, censurable, worthy of reproach Snp.p.78 (an˚ = anuvādavimutta Snp-a.396).

grd. of anu + vadati, cp. anuvāda & Sk. avavadya

…Dhp-a.i.257), 247 (surāmeraya-pānaṃ = sevati bahulīkaroti Dhp-a.iii.356); Pv-a.61 (kammaṭṭhānaṃ). 2. to…

adverb as long as the sun does not set, before sun-down Ja.v.56 (= anatthangata-suriyaṃ C. cp. Sk. utsūra.

an + ava + sūra = suriya, with ava lengthened to āva in verse

adjective immeasurable, infinite, boundless MN.i.386; SN.v.400; AN.i.266; Thag.1089 (an˚); Pp.35; Mil.331 Sdhp.338.

a + pameyya = Sk. aprameya, grd. of a + pra + mā

(freq. spelled appamāna) adjective

1. “without measure”, immeasurable, endless, boundless unlimited, unrestricted all-permeating SN.iv.186 (˚cetaso) AN.ii.73; AN.v.63; Snp.507 (mettaṃ cittaṃ bhāva …

“going away” viz.

1. separation, loss Dhp.211 (piya˚ = viyoga Dhp-a.iii.276).
2. loss (of property) DN.iii.181, DN.iii.182; AN.ii.166; AN.iv.283; Ja.iii.387 (atth˚).
3. leakage, out flow (of water) …

…as kāḷakañjaka-bhedā asurā. The are classed with other similar inferior deities, e.g. with garuḷā, nāgā, yakkhā at Mil.117; with…

anger, malice, hatred abruptness, want of forbearance Pp.18 = Vb.357; Dhs.418, Dhs.1060, Dhs.1115, Dhs.1341 (an˚); Dhs-a.396.

probably a haplological contraction of asura-ropa. On various suggestio …

adjective

1. not brave, not valiant, cowardly Snp.439.

2. uncouth, stupid Ja.vi.292 (cp. Kern

   Toevoegselen

   p. 48).

a + sura¹

Ati-ussura

adjective only in loc. -e (adv.) too soon after sunrise, too early Vv-a.65 (laddhabhattatā eating too early).

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

sundown, sunset, acc. -ṃ as adv. at or with sundown Ja.v.56 (anāvasūraṃ metrically).

ava + sūra; ava here in function of *avaṃs see ava ii

1. religious offering, oblation DN.ii.74 (dhammika); AN.iv.17, AN.iv.19; Snp.223; Mhvs.36, Mhvs.88 (particularly to subordinate divinities, cp. Mvu. translation 263) Dhp-a.ii.14 (variant reading ˚k …

1. binding, bond, fetter Vin.i.21; DN.i.226, DN.i.245 (pañca kāmaguṇā); DN.iii.176; MN.ii.44; SN.i.8, SN.i.24 (Māra˚), SN.i.35, SN.i.40, SN.iv.201 sq. (5 fold) to bind the king of the Devas or Asuras, …

adjective bright, shining, resplendent Thag-a.139, Thag-a.212; Vv-a.12.

cp. Epic Sk. bhāsura fr. bhas

…Ja.iii.538; Ja.iv.115 (surā˚); Ja.v.212; Ja.vi.221, Ja.vi.399 (˚bheri); Dhp-a.iii.100 (surā˚), Dhp-a.iii.443 (˚vesa); Dhp-a.iv.195;…

knife, a dagger, kreese Thig.302; Ja.iii.370; Mil.339; cp. Mil trsln. ii.227; Thag-a.227; Dhp-a.iii.19.

Sk. kṣurikā to kṣura see khura, cp. chārikā → khara

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

…of mischief & destruction (asurā: Titans; petā: miserable ghosts; nerayikā sattā: beings in Niraya). A double position (dark & light) is…

…suvaṇṇā, yakkhā, asurā gandhabbā); 5 higher gods (: inhabitants of the devaloka proper) Mahārājā, Canda, Suriya, Inda, Brahmā) to…

…(dhammikā devā, adh˚ asurā) AN.i.75; AN.iii.277; Snp.404; Dhp-a.ii.86 (dohaḷa); Dhp-a.iv.185 (˚lābha); Pv-a.25 (= suddha, manohara)….

…(itthi˚); Ja.i.49 (surā˚), Ja.i.290, Ja.i.291; Ja.ii.416, Ja.iii.287; Ja.iv.223, Ja.iv.494 (surā˚); Thag-a.250 (itthi˚), Thag-a.260…

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

kind of Asuras or Titans, the offspring of Danu Ja.iii.527; Ja.v.89; Mil.153; Dpvs.xvii.98.

Sk. dānava

…(as birds); AN.iv.200 (with asurā & nāgā), AN.iv.204, AN.iv.207; cp. SN.iii.250 sq.; also said to preside over child-conception: MN.i.265 sq.;…

(and ˚uja Pv.ii.1#20; Pv.ii.12#1)

1. having perfume, fragrant, scentful, Ja.i.266 (su˚); Pv.ii.1#10 (= surabhigandha); Pv.ii.12#1 (sogandhiya); Vv-a.58 (read gandhikāgandhikehi).
2. dealing in perfu …

…viz. 1–3 as above, 4 asurā, 5 manussā 6 devā, of which 1–4 are comprised under apāyā (conditions of suffering, q.v.) or duggatiyo (see…

A. On term

Indriya is one of the most comprehensive & important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy & ethics meaning “controlling principle, directive force, élan, δύναμις” in t …

inhabited country, the country (opp. town or market-place), the continent politically: a province, district, county DN.i.136 (opp nigama); DN.ii.349; AN.i.160, AN.i.178; Snp.422, Snp.683, Snp.995, Sn …

adjective noun anything made with a definite object in view, prepared, arranged; or that which is fit, suitable, proper. See also DN-a.i.103 & Kp-a.115 for var. meanings.

I. Literal Meaning # …

Karoṭi¹

feminine

1. a basin, cup, bowl, dish Ja.i.243; Ja.ii.363; Ja.iii.225; Ja.iv.67; Ja.v.289, Ja.v.290.
2. the skull (cp. kaḷopi On the form cp. Dial. i.227 n.) Ja.vi.592.

Karoṭi<s …

Name of a class of Titans Pv-a.272 (kāḷa-k˚-bhedā Asurā; should we read khañjaka? Cp. Hardy Manual of Buddhism 59).

Khura¹

the hoof of an animal Vv.64#10 (of a horse = turagānaṃ khuranipāta, the clattering of a horse’s hoof Vv-a.279), cp. Sk. kṣura, a monkey’s claw Sp. Avs.i.236.

khura-kāse MN.i.44 …

1. m. a class of fairies or genii grouped with Yakkhas, Rakkhasas and Asuras SN.ii.258 (k˚ puriso vehāsaṃ gacchanto); Ja.i.204; Ja.iii.147 (with def.); Mil.267; Dhp-a.i.280; Pgdp.60.
2. nt. a kind of …

the crow; freq. in similes: SN.i.124; Snp.448; Ja.i.164. Its thievish ways are described at Dhp-a.iii.352; said to have ten bad qualities AN.v.149; Ja.i.342; Ja.iii.126; kākā vā kulalā vā Vin.iv.40 …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

…Vin.iv.109, cp Ja.i.360 (surā).

of doubtful origin, fr. kapota, but probably popular etym., one may compare Sk. kāpiśāyana, a sort of…

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

…drink of (-˚ Ja.iv.117 (surā-meraya˚).

• -aṭṭhika the kernel (of the fruit) of Bassia latifolia Vism.353 =…

…= majjapāna); Vv-a.73 (= surā ca merayañ ca); Sdhp.267. 2. drinking place Ja.iv.223 (= pān’ āgāra).

• -pa one who drinks strong…

bolster Ja.iv.87; Ja.vi.185.

connected with masāraka

…reading ˚patta for ˚matta); Vv-a.158 (hatthi matto elephant in rut) Dhp-a.iv.24 (id.); Pv-a.47 (surā˚), Pv-a.86 (māna-mada˚), Pv-a.280…

…rum, usually combined with surā. DN.i.146 DN.i.166; MN.i.238; Pp.55; Dhp.247; Ja.iv.117 (pupphāsav-ādi, i.e. made fr….

adjective finding or giving delight, delighting in, pleasurable, gladdening. SN.ii.53 (vedanā) AN.ii.59 AN.ii.61 Iti.112

Sk. nandin

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

adjective unvanquished Mil.192 (˚kammasūrā), Mil.332 (˚vijita-sangāma); Sdhp.360.

Sk. nirjita, nis + jita

state of being settled, certainty, reliance surety, being fixed in (-˚) SN.ii.25 (dhamma˚ + dhammaṭṭhitatā); AN.i.286 (id.), Ja.i.113 (saddhammassa n assurance of…); Kv.586 (accanta˚ final assurance …

…made of rice-gruel Vin.iii.59 (˚ghara a ricekitchen); Vv-a.73 (˚surā rice-liquor).

fr. odana, cp. Sk. odanika

adjective general, various, any; abundant, many Ja.v.40 (= bahu salabha C.); Mil.408 (˚jana) Dāvs iv.11, Dāvs iv.50; Vv-a.213 (˚jano for yādisakīdiso Vv.50#11). See also pasura.

cp. late Sk. pracura

Pahaṭṭha¹

struck, beaten (of metal) Ja.vi.217 (suvaṇṇa).

pp. of pahaṃsati¹

Pahaṭṭha²

gladdened, happy, cheerful, delighted Vin.iii.14; Ja.i.278 (twice; once as *- …

only neg. ap˚; immeasurableness Vb.272 sq. (catasso appamaññāyo viz. mettā, karuṇā, muditā, upekhā). See appamaññā.

abstr. fr. pamāṇa, for *pamānyā, grd. form. of pa + *[mā …

(-˚) adjective to be measured, measurable, only in foll. cpd appameyya not to be measured, illimitable, unfathomable SN.i.148; SN.v.400; MN.iii.71, MN.iii.127; AN.i.266; Vv.34# …

…SN.v.397; AN.i.212 (surāmerayamajja˚) = SN.ii.69; AN.i.16 sq.; AN.ii.40; AN.iii.6, AN.iii.421, AN.iii.449 AN.iv.195, AN.iv.294,…

1. measure, size, amount SN.ii.235; AN.i.88; AN.iii.52, AN.iii.356 sq.; AN.v.140 sq. Mil.285 (cp. trsl. ii.133, n. 2); Snp-a.137; Vv-a.16; Pv-a.55 (ghaṭa˚), Pv-a.70 (ekahattha˚), Pv-a.99 (*tāla …

adjective to be measured, neg. a˚ countless, immeasurable Mil.331, Mil.388; Pv-a.212.

grd. of parimināti

measure, extent, limit, as adj. (-˚) measuring, extending over, comprising Ja.i.45; Snp-a.1 (pariyatti˚); Pv-a.113 (yojana˚), Pv-a.102 (anekabhāra˚)
■ neg. aparimāṇa witho …

“complete Nibbāna” in two meanings:

1. complete extinction of khandhalife; i.e. all possibility of such life & its rebirth, final release from (the misery of) rebirth and transmigration death (after …

1. surrounding, suite, retinue, followers, entourage, pomp Ja.i.151; Ja.iv.38; Ja.vi.75; Pv-a.21, Pv-a.30 (˚cāga-cetana, read pariccāga-cetana?); usually as adj.-˚ surrounded by, in company of …

adjective many, abundant Ja.vi.134 (= rāsi, heap C.). We should probably read pacura as at Ja.v.40 (= bahu C.).

reading doubtful

adjective dusty; (m.) a dusty robe Kp-a.171 (variant reading paṃsukūla).

Epic Sk. pāṃśuka; Ved. pāṃsura

indeclinable directional prefix in well-defined meaning of “back (to), against towards, in opposition to, opposite.” As preposition (with acc. and usually postponed) towards, near by, at usually …

rival hero or fighter, an opponent in fight Snp.831 (= paṭipurisa paṭisattu paṭimalla Mnd.172); Mnd.173 (id.).

paṭi + sūra

…with narakā, tiracchā, asurā); Vb-a.455 (as nijjhāmataṇhikā, khuppipāsikā, paradatt’ upajīvino). 3. (happy ghosts) mahiddhikā petī…

…thirsty SN.i.143; SN.ii.110 (surā˚); Ja.vi.399; Mil.318 (kilantatasita-p.); Vism.262; Pv-a.127; Sdhp.151.

pp. of pipāsati, Desid. fr. pā,…

…to piṣṭī).

• -surā (intoxicating) extract or spirits of flour Vv-a.73.

pp. of piṃsati². cp. Sk….

Pubba¹

pus, matter, corruption MN.i.57; MN.iii.90; SN.i.150; SN.ii.157; AN.i.34; Ja.ii.18; Mil.382; Pv-a.80
■ In detail discussed (as one of the 32 ākāras) at Vism.261, Vism.360; Kp- …

1. an individual, as opposed to a group (sangha or parisā), person, man; in later philosophical (Abhidhamma) literature = character, soul (= attan). DN.i.176; MN.iii.58; SN.i.93 sq.; SN.iii.25; AN.i.8 …

…Vin.iii.151; Ja.i.302 (= surā-geha C.); Vb.247; Vb-a.339.

Vedic pāna, fr. pā, pibati = Lat. bibo, pp. pīta, Idg….

1. to give to drink, to make drink DN.ii.19; Snp.398 (Pot. pāyaye); Mil.43 Mil.229; Dhp-a.i.87 (amataṃ); Vv-a.75 (yāguṃ); Pv-a.63 aor. apāyesi SN.i.143; ger. pāyetvā Ja.i.202 …

…intoxication liquors, see surā); Pv-a.244 See also Vin. Texts i.39 (sweetmeats, sent as presents).

cp. Sk. pūpa; with v…

kind of harmful (nocturnal) demon, usually making the water its haunt and devouring men Thag.931; Snp.310 (Asura˚) Ja.i.127 (daka˚ = udaka˚), Ja.i.170 (id.); Ja.vi.469 (id.); Dhp-a.i.367 (˚pariggahit …

Ratta¹

1. dyed, coloured MN.i.36 (dūratta-vaṇṇa difficult to dye or badly dyed MN-a.167 reads duratta and explains as durañjita-vaṇṇa opp. suratta ibid.); Snp.287 (nānā-rattehi vatthe …

Name of an Asura: see under Proper Names
■ rāhumukha “mouth of Rāhu,” designation of a certain punishment for criminals (MN.i.87; MN.iii.164 Mnd.154 (in list of tortures) = Cn …

the art of Sambari, jugglery SN.i.239 (translation “Sambara’s magic art”). Sambara is a king of the Asuras.

sambarī + māyā

adjective commeasurable; neg. a˚; Ja.vi.283.

metric for ˚tulya, grd. of saṃ + tuleti

and Sassu (f.) mother-in-law Vin.iii.137; AN.ii.78; Thig.407; Snp.125; Ja.i.337; Ja.iii.425 sq.; Ja.v.286 (gen. sassuyā); Dhp-a.i.307; Vv-a.110 Vv-a.121; Pv-a.89. sassu-sasure, see *[sasura]( …

…(sassura); Ja.i.337 sassu-sasurā mother-and father-in-law Ja.ii.347; Ja.iii.182 Ja.iv.38; Ja.vi.510; the form sassura Thig.407 has probably…

bed, couch MN.i.502; AN.i.296; Vin.ii.167 (˚aggena by the surplus in beds); Snp.29, Snp.152 Snp.535; Dhp.305, Dhp.309; Pv.ii.3#11; Pv.iv.1#2; Ja.vi.197 (gilāna sick-bed). Four kinds AN.ii.244; Vb-a. …

adjective gentle, kind, humble, self-restrained MN.i.125; SN.i.65 SN.iv.305 (text, sūrata); AN.ii.43; AN.iii.349, AN.iii.393 sq.; Snp.309 Snp.515, Snp.540; Ja.iv.303; Dhp-a.i.56.

= su + rata, with …

…effect, cp. Ja.ii.431 itthi-surā-maṃsa-soṇḍa); yuddhasoṇḍa Ja.i.204; dāsi-soṇḍa a libertine Ja.v.436 (+ surā˚)…

in cpd. surā˚; a drunkard Ja.v.433; Ja.vi.30.

soṇḍa + ka

Su¹

indeclinable a part. of exclamation “shoo!”; usually repeated su su Ja.ii.250; Ja.vi.165 (of the hissing of a snake); Thag-a.110 (scaring somebody away), Thag-a.305 (sound of puffi …

medicinal plant Vin.i.201; cp. Deśīnāmamālā viii.40.

cp. Sk. surasī, “basilienkraut” BR; fr. surasa

adjective (in good sense:) well-loving, devoted: see soracca; (in bad sense:) sexual intercourse thus wrongly for soracca at Ja.iii.442 C., with explⁿ as “dussīlya.” C …

adjective blameable, faulty DN.i.163; DN.ii.215; MN.i.119; SN.v.66, SN.v.104 sq.; Snp.534; Pp.30, Pp.41 (nt.) what is censurable, sin Ja.i.130; Mil.392; Vb-a.382 (mahā˚ or appa˚, with ref. to var. cr …

…use of) intoxicants, viz. surā-meraya-majjapamāda-ṭṭhānā veramaṇī. These five also from the first half of the 10 sikkha-padāni….

soft, mild Ja.vi.286; Mhbv.75; kindly disposed SN.iv.305. Cp. surata & sorata.

= surata

adjective wise Mhvs.26, Mhvs.23.

fr. sūra¹

valour SN.v.227 (text, sūra); Ja.i.282; Mil.4.

abstr. fr. sūra¹

adjective cutting off, destroying; f. -anī Ja.v.16 (surā).

fr. ud + chid

indeclinable

1. indicating, with signs or indications Ja.iii.354 = Mil.230.
2. prep w. acc.:
   1. (lit.) pointing to, tending towards, towards to Pv-a.250 Suraṭṭha-visayaṃ)
   2. (appl^{d.</sup …}

basis, reliance, support, foundation, assurance, certainty; esp. sufficing condition or qualification for Arahantship (see long article in Childers s. v.); no 9 in the 24 paccayas, Tikapatthāṇa, Tikap …

adjective over-full, overflowing AN.iii.231, AN.iii.234 (˚jāta, of a kettle, with vv.ll. ussuraka˚ & ussuka˚).

fr. ussada 4

adjective “sun-out”, the sun being out; i.e. after sunrise or after noon, adverbially in -bhatta eating after mid-day, unpunctual meals AN.iii.260, and -seyyā sleep after sunrise, sleeping lat …

Vimāna¹

neuter lit. covering a certain space, measuring; the def^ns given by Dhpāla refer it to “without measure,” i.e. immeasurable. Thus = vigata-māne appamāṇe mahanta vara-p …

Virājita¹

cleansed, discarded as rāga, given up SN.iv.158 (dosa); Ja.iii.404 (= pahīna C.).

pp. of virājeti

Virājita²

shining out, resplendent Ja.ii.33 (mora… suratta-rāji …

bowl, in surā˚; for drinking spirits Ja.v.427; Dhp-a.iii.66.

vi + sthā?

1. to yoke, harness, tie, bind Pv.ii.9#36 (vāhana, the draught-bullock); Mhvs.35, Mhvs.40 (yojayi aor.; variant reading for yojāpayi); Pv-a.74 (sindhave).
2. to furnish (with), combine, unite, mix, …

…Sdhp.1; Pgdp.65 (piyāsava-surā, meaning?).

Referring specially to the extinction (khaya) of the āsavas & to Arahantship following as a…