…AN.iii.261; AN.iv.296 sq.; AN.iv.328; AN.v.155; abstr -ta AN.i.38. Cp. vākya.

Vedic vāc, for which the usual P. form…

the open air, an open & unsheltered space DN.i.63 (= alagganatthena a. viya DN-a.i.180), DN.i.71 (= acchanna DN-a.i.210), DN.i.89; MN.iii.132; AN.ii.210; AN.iii.92; AN.iv.437, AN.v.65; Snp.p.139 (˚e …

gone forth, gone out, risen DN.i.88 (kitti-saddo a., cp. Dhp-a.i.146: sadevakaṃ lokaṃ ajjhottharitvā uggato), DN.i.107 (saddo); Snp.p.103 (kittisaddo).

pp. of abbhuggacchati

1. to sprinkle or cover over: see abhikiṇṇa 1.
2. [Sk. avakirati, cp. apakiritūna] to overwhelm, destroy, put out, throw away, crush SN.i.54; Thag.598; Thag.2, Thag.447 (ger. ˚k …

…+ kūjita, pp. of…

adjective one who has attained, attaining (-˚), getting possession of SN.i.200 (devakañña˚).

fr. abhipatti

Accharā¹

feminine the snapping of the fingers, the bringing together of the finger-tips:

1. (lit.) accharaṃ paharati to snap the fingers Ja.ii.447; Ja.iii.191; Ja.iv.124, Ja.iv.126 Ja. …

indeclinable emphatic particle

1. in affirmative sentences: part. of assurance emphasis = for sure, very much (so), indeed, truly. Note. In connection with a dat. or an infin. the latter only app …

Anojaka = anojā

Vv.35#4 (= Vv-a.161, where classed with yodhikā bandhujīvakā).

Anojaka = anojā

Vv.35#4 (= Vv-a.161, where classed with yodhikā bandhujīvakā).

to imitate, “to do after” AN.i.212; Ja.i.491; Ja.ii.162; Dhp-a.iv.197
ppr anukabbaṃ Vin.ii.201 (mamâ˚)
■ Med. anukubbati SN.i.19 = Ja.iv.65. See also anukubba. On *[anva …

1. [Sk. anukaṛṣati] to draw after, to repeat, recite, quote DN.ii.255 (silokaṃ).
2. [Sk. ava- kaṛṣati] to draw or take of, to remove, throw down, Thag.869 (aor. anvakāsi = khi …

one who proclaims or announces, a speaker (of a kammavācā) Vin.i.74.

fr. anussāveti

1. applying oneself to, dealing with, practising, given to, intent upon DN.i.166, DN.i.167; DN.iii.232 = AN.ii.205 (attaparitāpan’ ânuyogaṃ a.); SN.iii.153 SN.iv.104; Snp.663 (lobhaguṇe), Snp.814 (met …

adjective “according to the syltable”, syll. after syll., also a mode of reciting by syllables Vin.iv.15, cp. Vin.iv.355 Cp. anupadaṃ.

anu + akkhara

3^rd sg. aor. of anukassati 2: drew out, removed, threw down Thag.869 (= khipi, chaḍḍesi C.).

put off, done away, in ājīvik āpakata being without a living MN.i.463 (the usual phrase being ˚apagata); Mil.279 (id.). At Iti.89 the reading of same phrase is ājīvikā pakatā (variant reading ā˚ vak …

at Thig.447 T (reading of C. is abhi˚) is explained Thag-a.271 to mean apakiritvā chaḍḍetvā throwing away, slighting, offending. The correct etym = Sk. avakirati (ava + kṛ² to strew, ca …

at Vin.ii.204 is to be read as apakassati and interpreted as “draw away, distract, bring about a split or dissension (of the Sangha)”. The variant reading on p. Vin.ii.325 just …

“the other kind of cereal”, prepared or cooked cereals, pulse etc. Opp. to pubbaṇṇa the unprepared or raw corn (= āmakadhañña Vin.iv.265; Vin.iii.151 (pubb˚ +); Vin.iv.265, Vin.iv.267; AN.iv.108, AN. …

adjective noun

1. (racial) Aryan DN.ii.87.
2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by Aryans, gene …

Assaka¹

(-˚) with a horse, having a horse; an’ without a horse Ja.vi.515 (+ arathaka).

assa³ + ka

Assaka²

adjective not having one’s own, poor, destitute MN.i.4 …

guest, stranger, newcomer DN.i.117 (= āgantuka-navaka pāhuṇaka DN-a.i.288); AN.ii.68; AN.iii.45, AN.iii.260; Ja.iv.31, Ja.iv.274; Ja.v.388; Kp.viii.7 (n’ atthi assa ṭhiti yamhi vā tamhi vā divase āg …

…ag. to ati-vacati; cp. ativākya

Ativattar²

one who overcomes or is to be overcome Snp.785 (svātivattā = durativattā duttarā…

adjective too abundant, in ˚vākya one who talks too much, a chatterbox Ja.v.204.

ati + vissaṭṭha

abuse, blame, reproach Dhp.320, Dhp.321 (= aṭṭha-anariyavohāra-vasena pavattaṃ vītikkama-vacanaṃ Dhp-a.iv.3) Ja.vi.508.

ati + vac, cp. Sk. ativāda, fr. ati + vad

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

cut, cut open, cut off Ja.iv.251 (galak’ âvakantaṃ).

for *avakatta, Sk. avakṛtta; pp. of avakantati, see kanta²

Avakantati & okantati

(okk˚) to cut off, cut out, cut away carve-(ava:) Ja.iv.155
pp avakanta & avakantita.

cp. Sk. avakṛntati, ava + kantati, cp. also apakantati

cut out Pv-a.213. Avakappana & okappana

pp. of avakantati

Avakappanā & okappanā

feminine preparation, fixing up, esp. harnessing Ja.vi.408.

ava + kappanā

…& avakārin.; pp. avakata (q.v.)
■ See also avākaroti & cp. avakirati 2.

Sk. apakaroti, cp. P. apa˚

Avakassati & okassati

to drag down, to draw or pull away, distract, remove
■ AN.v.74 = Vin.ii.204 (+ vavakassati).

cp. Sk. avakarṣati, ava + kṛṣ; see also apakassati & avakaḍḍhati

Err:509

Ne.4 (avakaḍḍhayitvā). Pass.; avakaḍḍhati Ja.iv.415 (hadayaṃ me a. my heart is weighed down = sokena avakaḍḍhīyati C; variant reading avakassati)
pp *[avakaḍḍhita](/define/a …

pulled down, dragged away Dhp-a.iii.195.

pp. of avakaḍḍhati

dragging down, detraction, abasement, in cpd. ukkaṃsāvak˚; lifting up & pulling down, raising and lowering rise & fall DN.i.54.

fr. ava-karṣati; on ṃs: *rṣ cp. haṃsati: harṣati

(-˚) to wish for, strive after SN.iv.57 (n’); Ja.iv.371 (n’); Ja.v.340 (n’), Ja.iv.348 (n’ = na pattheti C).

ava + kankhati; cp. Sk. anu-kānkṣati

…reject, throw out; aor. avākiri Vv.30#5 = Vv.48#5 (variant reading ˚kari; Vv-a.126 explains by chaḍḍesi vināsesi)

pass avakirīyati…

to be cast out or thrown away; rejectable, low, contemptible Ja.v.143 (taken by C. as ger. = avakiritvā).

grd of avakirati

entering, appearance Ja.v.330 (gabbhassa).

fr. avakkamati

Avakkamati & okkamati

to approach. to enter, go into or near to, to fall into, appear in, only in ger. (poetically) avakamma Ja.iii.480 (variant reading apa˚).

ava + kamati fr. kram

(-˚) entered by, beset with, overwhelmed by (instr.) SN.iii.69 (dukkha˚, sukha˚ and an˚).

pp. ofnext

entry, appearance, coming down into, opportunity for rebirth SN.ii.66 (nāmarūpassa), SN.iii.46 (pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ); Pp.13 (= okkanti nibbatti pātubhāvo Pp-a 184); Kv.142 (nāmarūpassa); Mil.123 (ga …

washed off, taken away from, detracted DN-a.i.66 (variant reading apa˚).

pp. of avakkhaleti, Caus. of kṣal

throwing down, putting down Ja.i.163.

fr. avakkhipati

Avakkhipati & okkhipati

to throw down or out, cast down, drop; fig usually applied to the eyes = to cast down, hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning of “to keep under, to restrain …

Avakkhitta & okkhitta

1. [= Sk. avakṣipta] thrown down, flung down, cast down, dropped thrown out, rejected. (ava:) MN.i.296 (ujjhita +); DN-a.i.281 (an˚), DN-a.i.289 (pinḍa); Pv-a.174 (piṇḍa). …

throwing away, refuse, sweepings; only in cpd. -pātī a bowl for refuse, slop basin, ash-bin Vin.i.157, Vin.i.352; Vin.ii.216; MN.i.207; Dhp-a.i.305.

Sk. avaskara faeces, fr. avaṃ + karoti

adjective face downward, head first, prone, bent over (opp. ukkujja & uttāna) Ja.i.13 Bv.ii.52; Ja.v.295; Ja.vi.40; Pv.iv.10#8; Pv-a.178.

• -pañña (adj.) one whose reason is turn …

adverb throwing away, scattering about Vin.ii.214.

fr. avakāra

adjective (-˚) despising, degrading, neglecting Vb.393 sq. (an˚). Avakasa & okasa;

fr. avakāra

Avakāsa & okāsa

1. “appearance”: akkhuddâvakāso dassanāya not little (or inferior) to behold (of appearance) DN.i.114; ariyāvakāsa appearing noble or having the app. of an Aryan Ja.v.87; katâvakāsa pu …

is a doubtful comp^d. of kassati, the comb^d. ava + pa occurring only in this word. In all likelihood it is a distortion of vavakassati (vi + ava + kass …

…(gloss adhosira)
■ On avaṃ˚ cp further avakkāra, avākaroti, avekkhipati.

Vedic avāk & avāṃ

…spoil, destroy Ja.iii.339 (avākayirā = avakareyya chindeyya C.); Ja.v.495, Ja.v.500; Ja.vi.280. 2. to give back, restore Ja.vi.577 (= deti…

wrong by Hardy Vv-a Index for avakirati (q.v.).

Bala¹

neuter

1. strength power, force DN.ii.73; AN.i.244; Thag.188; Dhp.109 (one of the 4 blessings, viz. āyu, vaṇṇa, sukha, bala; cp Dhp-a.ii.239); Pv.i.5#12 (= kāya-bala Pv-a.30); Pv …

crane Thag.307; Ja.ii.363; Ja.iii.226; Mil.128 (˚ānaṃ megha-saddena gabbhâvakkanti hoti); Vism.126 (in simile, megha-mukhe b. viya); DN-a.i.91 (variant reading baka).

cp. Vedic balākā, perhaps to …

the plant Pentapetes phoenicea MN.ii.14 (˚puppha); DN.ii.111 (id.) Ja.iv.279; Vism.174; Dhs-a.14; Vv-a.43, Vv-a.161.

cp. Class. Sk. bandhujīva

adjective

1. the plant Pentapetes phoenicea Ja.iv.279 (˚puppha, evidently only a contraction of bandhu-jīvaka, cp. C. bandhujīvaka puppha; although Sk. bandhūka is given as syn. of bandhujīva at Hal …

ashes SN.i.169 = Cnd.576 (loc bhasmani); Vv.84#44; Ja.iii.426; Vism.469 (in comparison).

• -antāhuti (bhasm’ ant’ āhuti) “whose sacrifice ends in ashes” DN.i.55 (so read for bhassant˚, according t …

ashes SN.i.169 = Cnd.576 (loc bhasmani); Vv.84#44; Ja.iii.426; Vism.469 (in comparison).

• -antāhuti (bhasm’ ant’ āhuti) “whose sacrifice ends in ashes” DN.i.55 (so read for bhassant˚, according t …

…uṇṇa-bhisi, cola˚, vāka˚, tiṇu˚, paṇṇa˚, i.e. bolsters stuffed with wool, cotton-cloth, bark, grass or talipot leaves,…

1. shape, image (= paṭimā Vv-a.168) SN.i.134 (trsl. “puppet”); SN.v.217 (vimba) Ja.v.452. In phrase cittakataṃ bimbaṃ it refers to the human body (“the tricked-out puppet-shape” Brethren 303): …

(or bimbī) gold, of golden colour DN-a.i.280 = Snp-a.448 (in Bdhgh’s fanciful etym of king Bimbisāra, viz. bimbī ti suvaṇṇaṃ, sārasuvaṇṇa-sadisa-vaṇṇatāya B.).

• *-[jāla](/def …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Buddha¹

adjective

1. understood SN.i.35 = SN.i.60 (su-dub-buddha very difficult to understand)
2. having attained enlightenment, wise AN.iv.449; Pv-a.16 (buddh’ ādayo), Pv-a.60 (= ari …

… ■ f. cakkavākī Ja.iii.524; Ja.vi.189 = Ja.vi.501.

Vedic cakravāka, cp. kṛkavāku, to sound root kṛ, see note on gala

kind of bird Ja.vi.538 (Com. celabaka; is it celā bakā?); Ja.v.416. See also celāpaka.

cp. Sk. chilla?

1. a corpse Ja.v.449.
2. wretched Mil.156, Mil.200; (˚caṇḍāla, see explⁿ at Ja.v.450).

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

1. pp. broken up powdered; only in cpd. -vicuṇṇa crushed to bits smashed up, piecemeal Ja.i.73; Ja.ii.120, Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.216; Ja.iii.74
2. (nt.)
   1. any hard substance ground into a powder dus …

…fibre DN.i.167 (kusa˚, vāka˚, phalaka˚); Vin.iii.34; AN.i.295; Pp.55-a bark dress Vin.i.305; Ja.vi.500 (cp. cīraka). 2. a strip (orig. of…

Danta¹

a tooth, a tusk, fang, esp. an elephant’s tusk; ivory Vin.ii.117 (nāga-d. a pin of ivory); Kp ii. (as one of the taca-pañcaka, or 5 dermatic constituents of the body, viz. kesā, l …

…from sticks DN.i.9;

• -vākarā a net on a stick, as a snare, MN.i.153
• -veḷupesikā a bamboo stick Ja.iv.382; *…

adjective (-˚) belonging or peculiar to the devas; only in sa˚-loka the world including the gods in general DN.i.62; Cnd.309; Snp.86 Snp.377, Snp.443, Snp.760 etc. Mil.234. See also devamanussa-l …

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

…Vv-a.307; usually as divākara (q.v.). Cp. devasika; see also ajja.

• -santatta…

…i.e. the sun (cp. divākara Vv-a.169, Vv-a.271;

• -bhāga the day-part (opp. ratti˚ the night-part), day-time…

Diṭṭha¹

1. seen; a˚ not seen DN.i.222 (a˚ + avedita asacchikata); MN.i.3 sq. (diṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhato sañjānāti); Snp.147 (diṭṭhā vā ye vā addiṭṭhā), Snp.995 (na me diṭṭho ito pubbe na ssuto… Sat …

Dosa¹

corruption blemish, fault, bad condition, defect; depravity, corrupted state; usually -˚, as khetta˚ blight of the field Mil.360; tiṇa˚ spoilt by weeds Dhp.356; Pv-a.7; visa ill ef …

1. giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Sangha (cp. deyyadhamma & yañña). As such it constitute …

1. interior, cavity (loc. gabbhe in the midst of: angāra˚ Ja.iii.55); an inner room, private chamber, bedroom, cell. Of a Vihāra Vin.ii.303; Vin.iii.119; Vin.iv.45; Vv-a.188; Vv-a.220
   ■ Ja.i.90 …

the throat Ja.i.216, Ja.i.264 Ja.iii.26; Ja.iv.494; Ja.i.194 (a dewlap); Pv-a.11, Pv-a.104.

• -agga the top of the throat Sdhp.379;
• -ajjhoharaniya able to be swallowed (of s …

1. a stalk, a shaft (cp. gaṇḍī) Ja.i.474; Dhs-a.319 (of the branches of trees: g˚-ākoṭana-sadda)
2. a lump, a block of wood (more freq. spelling gaṇṭhikā, q.v.).
3. Name of a plant Vv.35#4 (= bandh …

, f.) a cow, an ox, bull, pl. cattle. For f. cp gāvī; see also *gava*˚ for cpds
■ Sg. nom. go (Snp.580 also in composition, cp. aja-go-mahisādi Pv-a.80 = pasū) gen. gavassa (MN.i. …

beam supporting the framework of a roof, shaped Λ; fig. of old people, bent by age (see ˚vanka) Vin.iii.65, Vin.iii.81; SN.ii.263; SN.iii.156; SN.v.43, SN.v.228; MN.i.80; AN.i.261; AN.iii.364; AN.v.21 …

Guḷa¹

to make into a ball, to conglomerate. Cp Sk. glauḥ ball; Gr. γλουτός; Ohg. chliuwa; Ger. kugel kloss; E. clot, cleat; also *gel with same meaning Sk. gulma tumour, gilāyu glandula …

gone to the heart, learnt by heart Mil.10 -gama [˚ngama] heart-stirring, pleasant, agreeable DN.i.4; DN.iii.173; MN.i.345; AN.ii.209; AN.v.205; Vin.iii.77 Mnd.446; Dhs.1343; DN-a.i.75. *-[pariḷā …

struck, killed DN.ii.131; destroyed, spoilt, injured Vin.i.25; Dhs.264; Ja.ii.175; reṇuhata struck with dust, covered with dust Vin.i.32; hatatta (nt.) the state of being destroyed Dhp.390; *[hatā …

A. On term

Indriya is one of the most comprehensive & important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy & ethics meaning “controlling principle, directive force, élan, δύναμις” in t …

Iṭṭhakā (Itthakā)

feminine

1. a burnt brick a tile Vin.ii.121 (˚pākara a brick wall, distinguished fr silāpakāra & dāru˚); Ja.iii.435, Ja.iii.446 (pākār iṭṭhikā read ˚aṭṭhakā); Ja.v.213 (rattiṭṭhikā …

Iṭṭhakā (Itthakā)

feminine

1. a burnt brick a tile Vin.ii.121 (˚pākara a brick wall, distinguished fr silāpakāra & dāru˚); Ja.iii.435, Ja.iii.446 (pākār iṭṭhikā read ˚aṭṭhakā); Ja.v.213 (rattiṭṭhikā …

1. light, splendour, radiance SN.i.93; AN.ii.85; Vv.16#2.
2. a star: see compounds
3. fire SN.i.169; Thag.415; Ja.iv.206; sajotibhūta set on fire SN.ii.260; AN.iii.407 sq.; Ja.i.232.

• *-[parāyaṇa]( …

Jīva¹

adjective noun

1. the soul. Sabbe jīvā all the souls, enumerated with sattā pāṇā bhūta in the dialect used by the followers of Gosāla DN.i.53 (= DN-a.i.161 jīvasaññī). “taṃ jīvaṃ t …

adjective = jīva, in bandhu˚; Name of a plant Vv-a.43
■ f. -ikā q.v. Jivam-jivaka

Jīvaṃ-jīvaka

(m. onom.) name of a bird, a sort of pheasant (or partridge?), which utters a note sounding like jīvaṃ jīva DN.iii.201; Ja.v.406, Ja.v.416; Ja.vi.276, Ja.vi.538. With this cp. the Jain …

living, livelihood SN.iii.93; AN.v.87, AN.v.210; Ja.iv.459; Mil.122; Snp-a.466. Freq. in combination ˚ṃ kappeti to find or get one’s living: Ja.ii.209; Pv-a.40, etc.; ˚kappaka finding one’s liveliho …

…& see Kern,

Toevoegselen

p. 118 K˚-Jātaka, N˚ 209.

onomat, cp. Sk. kṛkavāku cock, Gr. κέρκας, κερκίς, Lat….

…-vākkaraṇa, usually comb. with ˚vāca, of pleasant conversation, of good address or enunciation, reciting clearly…

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

adjective dark, black, as attr. of darkness, opposed to light, syn. with kāḷa (q.v. for etym.); opp. sukka. In general it is hard to separate the lit. and fig. meanings, an ethical implication is to b …

Kanta¹

1. (adj.) in special sense an attribute of worldly pleasure (cp. kāma kāmaguṇā): pleasant, lovely, enjoyable; freq. in form iṭṭhā kantā manāpā, referring to the pleasures of the sens …

Kasiṇa¹

adjective entire, whole Ja.iv.111, Ja.iv.112.

Vedic kṛtsna

Kasiṇa²

neuter one of the aids to kammaṭṭhāna, the practice by means of which myst …

see ava˚, anu˚ (aor. anvakāsi), pari˚; otherwise kasati; cp. also kissati.

kṛṣ

only applied to a horse shaking, a shaker, racer (esp. as java AN.i.287), fig. of purisa at Anguttara passages. Described as bold and hard to manage AN.iv.190 sq.; as a horse which cannot be trusted a …

1. (adj.) broken, usually of teeth; Thig.260 (= Thag-a.211); Mil.342; Vism.51.
2. (m. nt.) a broken piece, a bit, camma˚ a strip of hide Vin.ii.122; coḷa˚ a bit of cloth Pv-a.70; pilotika˚ bits of r …

adjective small, inferior, low; trifling, insignificant; na khuddaṃ samācare kiñci “he shall not pursue anything trifling” Snp.145 (= lāmakaṃ Kp-a.243) kh˚ ca bālaṃ Snp.318. Opp. to strong Vv.32#10 ( …

see khādita; cp. avakkhāyika.

destroyed, exhausted, removed, wasted, gone; in compounds ˚-often to be translated “without.” It is mostly applied to the destruction of the passions (āsavā) & demerit (kamma). Khīṇā jāti “destroyed …

…to sound-root kṛ; (see note on gala), cp. Sk. kṛka-vāku cock, after the cry of the bird

…is given: kocchaṃ nāma vāka-mayaṃ vā usīra-mayaṃ vā muñjamayaṃ vā babbaja-mayaṃ vā anto saṃveṭhetvā baddhaṃ hoti. Cp….

adjective juvenile, belonging to a youth or maiden: f. komārī a virgin AN.iv.210.

• -pati husband of a girl-wife Ja.ii.120.
• -brahmacariyā (˚ṃ carati …

ill-temper, anger, grudge Vin.ii.184 = Snp.6; Dhs.1060; with appaccaya (mistrust) MN.i.27; almost exclusively in phrase kopañ ca dosañ ca appaccayañ ca pātukaroti (pātvakāsi) “he shows forth ill-tem …

(nt.; but poetic pl. kulā Pv.ii.9#43)

1. clan a high social grade, “good family,” cp. Gr. (doric) φυά, Goth. kuni. A collection of cognates and agnates, in sense of Ohg. sippa, clan; “house” in sense …

nest DN.i.91 (= DN-a.i.257 nivāsaṭṭhanaṃ); SN.i.8; SN.i.224 = Ja.i.203 (a brood of birds = supaṇṇapotakā); Ja.iii.74 (variant reading BB), Ja.iii.431; Ja.vi.344; Dhp-a.ii.22.

Name of a tree, in ratta˚ Ja.i.39 (= bimbijāla the red Amaranth tree).

= Sk. kuraṇṭaka Halāyudha, cp. kuraṇḍaka

shrub and its flower Vism.183 (see also kuravaka & koraṇḍaka). ˚leṇa Npl. Vism.38.

cp. Sk. kuraṇṭaka blossom of a species of Amaranth

(variant reading S. kū˚; B. kulāvaka) a nest Ja.iii.74; variant reading at Dhp-a.ii.23 (for kuṭikā).

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

yellow robe Dhp-a.ii.86.

fr. kāsāva

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

cutter, reaper Snp-a.148 (variant reading lāvaka). See lāvaka.

fr. lū

…Bharhut Tope, p. 58.

Dimin. fr. laṭvāka; dial.

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

to cut, cut off, mow, reap Mil.33 (yavalāvakā yavaṃ lunanti); Dhs-a.39
pp lūna (& luta); -Caus I. lāvayati Mhvs.10, Mhvs.30; Caus. ii. lavāpeti to cause to mow Vin.ii.180 …

cutter, reaper Mil.33 (yava˚); Mhvs.10, Mhvs.31; Snp-a.148 (variant reading BB. for lavaka). Lavati & Laveti;

fr. lāvati

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

…cloth (used for straining) Ja.ii.96; Dhp-a.ii.155. Cp. makkhi-vāla.

• -vāka m. bark Vism.249 (+ akkavāka);…

…hemp (Sanseveria roxburghiana MN.i.429. At Ja.ii.115 we find reading marūdvā marucavāka; (C.), of uncertain meaning?

cp. Sk. mūrvā,…

…Dhp-a.i.130.

• -vāka clay fibre Dhs-a.321 (variant reading ˚takka, perhaps gloss = takku spindle, see…

adjective staggering, confused troubled, discontented Vin.ii.118; SN.v.74; Dhp.249 Mnd.150; Dhp-a.iii.41, Dhp-a.iii.359 (with loc.)
■ f. pl. maṅkū Vin.i.93
■ dummaṅku “st …

1. a young man, youth, a Brahmin Mil.101; in general: young, e.g. nāga˚; a young serpent Ja.iii.276; f.
2. -ikā a Brahmin girl Ja.i.290; Mil.101 nāga˚; a young female serpent Ja.iii.275; Dhp-a …

Nala & Naḷa

a species of reed; reed in general Vin.iv.35; AN.ii.73; Dhp.337; Cnd.680#ii; Ja.i.223; Ja.iv.141 Ja.iv.396 (n. va chinno); Pv.i.11#6 (id.); Dhp-a.iii.156; Dhp-a.iv.43 See also nāḷa, nāḷ …

adjective noun young; a young man, a newly ordained bhikkhu (opp. thera), novice (cp. Divy.404) Ja.i.33 (sangha˚); Pv-a.76 (id.)
■ Freq. in compar navakatara a younger one, …

Nala & Naḷa

a species of reed; reed in general Vin.iv.35; AN.ii.73; Dhp.337; Cnd.680#ii; Ja.i.223; Ja.iv.141 Ja.iv.396 (n. va chinno); Pv.i.11#6 (id.); Dhp-a.iii.156; Dhp-a.iv.43 See also nāḷa, nāḷ …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

adjective constant, continuous, permanent DN.iii.31; SN.i.142; SN.ii.109, SN.ii.198; SN.iv.24 sq., SN.iv.45, SN.iv.63; AN.ii.33, AN.ii.52 AN.v.210; Pts.ii.80; Vb.335, Vb.426. In chain of synonyms nicc …

…cloak Ja.vi.79 (explained as vākacīra-nivāsanaṃ = a bark dress). Cp sannidhi.

• -kumbhī a treasure-pot, a treasure…

member of the Jain order (see MN.i.370–MN.i.375 MN.i.380 & cp. jaṭila) Vin.i.233 (Nātaputta, the head of that Order, cp. DN.i.57; also Sīho senāpati n-sāvako); SN.i.78 SN.i.82 (˚bhikkhā); AN.i.205 sq …

noun adjective appearance; adj. of appearance, like Ja.v.87 (-˚), corresp. to ˚avakāsa.

ni + kaś

way, way to an end or aim, esp. to salvation, right way (sammatta˚); method manner, practice SN.i.196; SN.iii.225 (sammatta˚); AN.i.122; Snp.371 (˚dassin = sammatta-niyāmabhūtassa maggassa dassāvin S …

1. a serpent or Nāga demon, playing a prominent part in Buddh. fairy-tales, gifted with miraculous powers & great strength. They often act as fairies are classed with other divinities (see *[devatā]( …

name.

1. Literal. nom. nāmaṃ SN.i.39; Snp.808; Ja.ii.131; Mil.27; acc. nāmaṃ Pv-a.145 (likhi: he wrote her name)
   ■ nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Snp.344 Cnd.466 (n’ etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “ …

strength, but only in meaning of strength-giving, nutritive essence (appl; ^d. to food). MN.i.245 SN.ii.87 SN.v.162 (dhamm’) AN.iii.396 Ja.i.68 Dhs.646 Dhs.740, Dhs.875 Mil.156 Dhp-a.ii.15 …

Okantati (okkant˚)

to cut off, cut out, cut away, carve; pres. okantati MN.i.129; Pv.iii.10#2 (= ava˚ Pv-a.213); ger. okantitvā Ja.i.154 (migaṃ o. after carving the deer); Pv-a.192 (piṭṭhi maṃs …

Avakantati & okantati

(okk˚) to cut off, cut out, cut away carve-(ava:) Ja.iv.155
pp avakanta & avakantita.

cp. Sk. avakṛntati, ava + kantati, cp. also apakantati

Avakappanā & okappanā

feminine preparation, fixing up, esp. harnessing Ja.vi.408.

ava + kappanā

Okassati

to drag down, draw or pull away, distract, remove. Only in ger.; okassa, always comb^d. with pasayha “removing by force” DN.ii.74 (T. okk˚); AN.iv.16 (T. okk˚, variant reading ok …

Avakassati & okassati

to drag down, to draw or pull away, distract, remove
■ AN.v.74 = Vin.ii.204 (+ vavakassati).

cp. Sk. avakarṣati, ava + kṛṣ; see also apakassati & avakaḍḍhati

…reject, throw out; aor. avākiri Vv.30#5 = Vv.48#5 (variant reading ˚kari; Vv-a.126 explains by chaḍḍesi vināsesi)

pass avakirīyati…

casting out (see the later avakirati²), only as adj
■ f. okirinī (okilinī through dialect. variation a cast-out woman (cast-out on acct of some cutaneous disease), in double comb ^…

strewn over, beset by, covered with, full of Ja.v.74, Ja.v.370; Pv-a.86, Pv-a.189 (= otata of Pv.iii.3#3).

pp. of okirati; BSk. avakīrṇa Divy.282; Jtm.31#92

Okkamati

lit. to enter, go down into, fall into. fig. to come on, to develop, to appear in (of a subjective state). It is strange that this important word has been so much misunderstood, for the Engl …

Avakkamati & okkamati

to approach. to enter, go into or near to, to fall into, appear in, only in ger. (poetically) avakamma Ja.iii.480 (variant reading apa˚).

ava + kamati fr. kram

Okantati (okkant˚)

to cut off, cut out, cut away, carve; pres. okantati MN.i.129; Pv.iii.10#2 (= ava˚ Pv-a.213); ger. okantitvā Ja.i.154 (migaṃ o. after carving the deer); Pv-a.192 (piṭṭhi maṃs …

coming on, approaching, taking place DN.ii.12; Mil.299 (middhe okkante). See also avakkanta SN.ii.174; SN.iii.46.

pp. of okkamati

Okkhipati

to throw down or out, cast down, drop; fig. usually appl^d. to the eyes = cast down, hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning “keep under, restrain, to have contr …

Avakkhipati & okkhipati

to throw down or out, cast down, drop; fig usually applied to the eyes = to cast down, hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning of “to keep under, to restrain …

Okkhitta

thrown down, flung down, cast down, dropped; thrown out, rejected; only in phrase okkhitta-cakkhu, with down-cast eyes, i.e. turning the eyes away from any objectionable sight which migh …

Avakkhitta & okkhitta

1. [= Sk. avakṣipta] thrown down, flung down, cast down, dropped thrown out, rejected. (ava:) MN.i.296 (ujjhita +); DN-a.i.281 (an˚), DN-a.i.289 (pinḍa); Pv-a.174 (piṇḍa). …

to lie low, to be restrained (in this sense evidently confounded with avakkhipati) SN.iv.144 sq. (cakkhuṃ etc okkhāyati).

ava + khāyati, corresp. to Sk. kṣeti fr. kṣi to lie

adjective low-lying, deep remote, only in one phrase, viz. udaka-tarakā gambhīragatā okkhāyikā MN.i.80, MN.i.245.

fr. ava + khāyin fr. kṣi, cp. avakkhāyati; Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. suggests …

adjective lit. “having the top lowered”, with the head squashed in or down, i.e. of compressed & bulging out stature; misshapen, deformed, of ugly shape (Mrs. Rh. D trsl^s hunchback at SN.i. …

Avakāsa & okāsa

1. “appearance”: akkhuddâvakāso dassanāya not little (or inferior) to behold (of appearance) DN.i.114; ariyāvakāsa appearing noble or having the app. of an Aryan Ja.v.87; katâvakāsa pu …

Padūseti & Padoseti

to defile, pollute, spoil make bad or corrupt [cp. BSk. pradūṣyati cittaṃ Divy.197, Divy.286] DN.i.20; MN.i.129; Iti.86; DN-a.i.211 (see padosa¹) T …

Padūseti & Padoseti

to defile, pollute, spoil make bad or corrupt [cp. BSk. pradūṣyati cittaṃ Divy.197, Divy.286] DN.i.20; MN.i.129; Iti.86; DN-a.i.211 (see padosa¹) T …

to flow forth or out, to ooze, trickle, drip SN.i.150; Snp.p.125 (pubbañ ca lohitañ ca. p.); Ja.vi.328; Pv.i.6#7 (gabbho pagghari = vissandi Pv-a.34); Pv.ii.9#11 (= vissandati Pv-a.119); Pv.ii.9#26 …

adjective completely calmed, at peace, at rest (as to the distinction of the twofold application see parinibbāna and cp., Mrs. Rh.D. Buddhism p. 191; Cpd. p. 168), viz.

1 …

to fulfil; to fill (up), make more full, supplement, fill out, add to DN.i.74 (parisandeti p. parippharati; DN-a.i.217 explains as “vāyunā bhastaṃ viya pūreti”); DN.ii.221; MN.iii.92; SN.i.27 (devakā …

sack, Vin.iii.17; Ja.i.112, Ja.i.351; Ja.ii.88, Ja.ii.154; Ja.iii.10, Ja.iii.116 Ja.iii.343 (camma˚ leather bag); Ja.iv.52, Ja.iv.361; Ja.v.46 (pūpa˚) Ja.v.483; Ja.vi.432 (spelling pasippaka); DN-a.i …

only in 1^st sq. pavakkhāmi “I will declare or explain” Snp.701, Snp.963 = Snp.1050 (cp Mnd.482 & Cnd under brūmi).

fut. of pa + vac

adjective noun masculine

Cases:
■ gen. dat. pañcannaṃ,
■ instr. abl pañcahi,
■ loc. pañcasu;
■ often used in compositional form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; G …

adjective fivefold, consisting of five Ja.i.116 (˚kammaṭṭhāna); Dhs. chapters 167–⁠175 (˚naya fivefold system of jhāna, cp. Dhs. translation 52); Snp-a.318 (˚nipāta of Anguttara)
■ nt. pañcakaṃ …

(-˚) adjective of wisdom, endowed with knowledge or insight, possessed of the highest cognition, in foll. compounds: anissaraṇa˚ DN.i.245; SN.ii.194; SN.iv.332; anoma˚ Snp.343; appa˚ SN.i.198; Ja.ii. …

…Mil.401 (cakkavāko sevāla paṇaka-bhakkho); Kp-a.61 (sevāla˚; cp. Schubring’s kalpasūtra p. 46 sq.). 3. (see…

Pubba¹

pus, matter, corruption MN.i.57; MN.iii.90; SN.i.150; SN.ii.157; AN.i.34; Ja.ii.18; Mil.382; Pv-a.80
■ In detail discussed (as one of the 32 ākāras) at Vism.261, Vism.360; Kp- …

adjective

1. former, ancient, living in former times DN.i.104 (isayo), DN.i.238 (id.); Snp.284 (id.) SN.ii.105; SN.iv.307 (ācariya-pācariyā); Thag.947.
2. (-˚; cp. pubba² 1) having forme …

1. an individual, as opposed to a group (sangha or parisā), person, man; in later philosophical (Abhidhamma) literature = character, soul (= attan). DN.i.176; MN.iii.58; SN.i.93 sq.; SN.iii.25; AN.i.8 …

1. to clean, cleanse Vv-a.19 (+ visodheti, in def. of puñña).
2. to sift Ja.vi.108 (angāraṃ p. = attano sīse angāre p. okirati C. so read with variant reading for phunati T.); DN-a.i.268 (bhusaṃ pu …

an ordinary, average person (4 classes of ordinary people are discussed at Cpd. 49, 50) a common worldling, a man of the people, an ordinary man MN.i.1, MN.i.7, MN.i.135, MN.i.239, MN.i.323; MN.iii. …

(BB puḷuvaka) = puḷava Dhp-a.iv.46; Vv-a.76; Pv-a.14. One of the (asubha) kammaṭṭhānas is called p. “the contemplation (˚saññā idea) of the worminfested corpse” SN.v.131; Dhs.264; Vism.110, Vism.17 …

completeness, perfection, highest state Snp.1018, Snp.1020; Pp.70; Dhp-a.i.5; Vv-a.2 (sāvakañāṇa˚); Pv-a.139; Sdhp.328. In later literature there is mentioned a group of 10 perfections (*dasa pāram …

Pātī & Pāti

feminine a bowl, vessel, dish Vin.i.157 (avakkāra˚), Vin.i.352 (id.); Vin.ii.216 (id.); MN.i.25 (kaṃsa˚), MN.i.207; SN.ii.233; AN.iv.393 (suvaṇṇa˚, rūpiya˚ kaṃsa˚); Ja.i.347, Ja.i.501; Ja …

…Pp.30; Snp-a.423; aor. pātvākāsi SN.ii.254; Dhp-a.ii.64; pp pātukata Vv.84#41 2. with bhū (to…

Pātī & Pāti

feminine a bowl, vessel, dish Vin.i.157 (avakkāra˚), Vin.i.352 (id.); Vin.ii.216 (id.); MN.i.25 (kaṃsa˚), MN.i.207; SN.ii.233; AN.iv.393 (suvaṇṇa˚, rūpiya˚ kaṃsa˚); Ja.i.347, Ja.i.501; Ja …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) pure, bright, clear, shining Ja.v.419.
2. (m.) the fire SN.i.69; AN.iv.97; Dhp.71, Dhp.140; Ja.iv.26; Ja.v.63 (= kaṇha-vattanin) Ja.vi.236 (= aggi C.); Pv.i.8#5; Vism.170 (= …

Err:501

Sa¹

the letter s (sa-kāra) Snp-a.23; or the syllable sa Dhp-a.ii.6; Pv-a.280.

Sa²

base of the nom. of the demonstr. pron. that, he she. The form sg. m. * …

Saddhiṃ & saddhi˚

(adv.) together; as prep. (following the noun): in company with (instr.) DN.i.31; Vin.i.32 Vin.iii.188 (explained as “ekato”); Ja.i.189; Ja.ii.273; DN-a.i.35; Mil.23; also with * …

Saddhiṃ & saddhi˚

(adv.) together; as prep. (following the noun): in company with (instr.) DN.i.31; Vin.i.32 Vin.iii.188 (explained as “ekato”); Ja.i.189; Ja.ii.273; DN-a.i.35; Mil.23; also with * …

adjective together with the devas, with the deva world DN.i.62; DN.iii.76, DN.iii.135; Snp.86; Vin.i.8 Vin.i.11; Dhp.44; DN-a.i.174. At Ja.i.14 sadevake (loc.) is used in the sense of “in the world …

Saha¹

indeclinable prep. & prefix, meaning: in conjunction with, together, accompanied by; immediately after (with instr.) Vin.i.38; Snp.49, Snp.928 Thig.414 = Thig.425; sahā Snp.231.

• • …

adjective own Ja.ii.177 Ja.iii.48, Ja.iii.49; Ja.iv.177.

fr. saka, cp. Sk. svakīya

Sakkhi¹

an eyewitness DN.ii.237 (nom. sg. sakkhī = with his own eyes, as an eyewitness); Snp.479, Snp.921, Snp.934 (sakkhi dhammaṃ adassi where the corresp. Sk. form would be sākṣād); Ja.i …

bird (esp. with ref. to augury) DN.i.71 (pakkhin +); Vin.iii.147; SN.i.197; AN.ii.209 AN.iii.241 sq., AN.iii.368; Ja.ii.111, Ja.ii.162 (Kandagala); Kp-a.241 pantha˚; see under *[pantha](/define/pa …

Sammati¹ [śam

Dhtp.436 = upasama]

1. to be appeased, calmed; to cease Dhp.5; Pot 3^rd pl. sammeyyuṃ SN.i.24
2. to rest, to dwell DN.i.92; SN.i.226; Ja.v.396; DN-a.i.262 (= vasa …

Err:509

see -saṃ.

Name of a purgatory Vv.52#12, cp. Vv-a.226 sq.

fr. saṃsava

…are dāna, priyavākya, tathārthacaryā, samānasukha-duḥkatā Mvu.i.3; and d., p., arthakriyā samānārthatā (= samāna +…

1. multitude, assemblage Mil.403 (kāka˚); Ja.i.52 (sakuṇa˚); Snp.589 (ñāti˚); Snp.680 (deva˚) DN.iii.23 (miga˚); Vv.5#5 (accharā˚ = samūha Vv-a.37) bhikkhu˚; an assembly of Buddhist priests AN.i.56 …

derivation & meaning very doubtful; Bdhgh’s explⁿ at Pp-a 231 is not to be taken as reliable, viz. “sankittetvā katabhattesu hoti. dubbhikkha-samaye kira acela-kāsāvakā acelakānaṃ atthāy …

…hempen cloth (= sāṇavāka), as indicated by variant reading sāṇalāka. Thus a der. fr. saṇa = sāṇa. Kern compares P. tuṇhīra…

sweat DN.ii.293; AN.ii.67 sq. Iti.76; Snp.196; Ja.i.118, Ja.i.138, Ja.i.146, Ja.i.243; in detaiḷ (physiologically) at Vism.262, Vism.360; Vb-a.66, Vb-a.245 sweating for medicinal purposes, mahā˚ a g …

serving, following; a servant, dependent Ja.ii.12, Ja.ii.125, Ja.ii.420; Snp-a.453. See vipakkha˚.

Sita¹

adjective sharp Dāvs i.32.

pp. of śā; Sk. śita

Sita²

1. (lit.) stuck in or to: hadaya˚ salla Snp.938; Mnd.412.
2. (fig.) reclining, resting, depending on, attached, cl …

lump of boiled rice Vin.ii.165, Vin.ii.214; Ja.i.189, Ja.i.235; Ja.v.387; Ja.vi.358 (odana˚), Ja.vi.365 (yāgu˚); Pv-a.99; sitthatelaka oil of beeswax Vin.ii.107, Vin.ii.151.

• -āvakārakaṃ (adv.) …

palanquin, litter Bv.17, Bv.16 (text savakā); Pv.i.11#1; Vin.i.192; --gabbha a room in shape like a palanquin, an alcove Vin.ii.152; mañca-˚ Ja.v.136, Ja.v.262 (a throne palanquin?). suvaṇṇa˚ …

Sutta¹

asleep Vin.iii.117; Vin.v.205; DN.i.70; DN.ii.130; Dhp.47; Iti.41; Ja.v.328
■ (nt.) sleep DN.ii.95; MN.i.448; SN.iv.169. In phrase --pabuddha “awakened from sleep” referring t …

…on the long ā cp. Geiger, P.Gr. § 7; BSk. svākhyāta

being of good disposition Vin.i.6.

su + ākāra

rule of life, precept governing the monastic life of the Buddhist bhikkhus Vin.iii.24#2; adj. ˚-samāpanna ibid.; adj. ˚-kara one who supports Ja.iv.42 (= sa-ājīvakara, C.).

rice DN.i.105, DN.i.230; DN.ii.293; Vin.iv.264; MN.i.57; AN.i.32, AN.i.145; AN.iii.49; AN.iv.108 (+ yavaka), AN.iv.231; SN.v.10, SN.v.48; Ja.i.66, Ja.i.178; Ja.iv.276; Ja.v.37; Ja.vi.531; Mil.251; Sn …

hearer, disciple (never an Arahant) DN.i.164; DN.ii.104; DN.iii.47, DN.iii.52, DN.iii.120 sq., DN.iii.133; AN.i.88; MN.i.234; SN.ii.26; Iti.75 sq., Iti.79; Ja.i.229; Vism.214, Vism.411
■ fem *[sāvik …

the state of a disciple MN.i.379 sq.

abstr. fr. last

…(˚sāṭaka)
■ sāṇavāka the same Thig.252; Ja.iii.394 (var. read).

cp. Sk. śāṇa hempen, fr. śaṇa = P. saṇa; cp….

Ta˚

base of demonstr. pron. for nt., in oblique cases of m. & f., in demonstr. adv. of place & time (see also sa).

I. Cases: nom

sg. nt. tad (older) Vin.i.83; Snp.1052; Dh …

(& taco nt.)

1. bark. MN.i.198, MN.i.434, MN.i.488; AN.v.5
2. skin, hide (similar to camma, denoting the thick outer skin, as contrasted with chavi, thin skin, see chavi & cp. Ja.i …

adjective

1. trembling, frightened Ja.i.336 = Ja.i.344 (vakā, expl. at Ja.i.342 by tasita); perhaps the derived meaning of:
2. moving, running (cp. to meaning 1 & 2 Gr.; τρέω to flee & to tremble), a …

The context shows that the word is an epithet of an Arahant, and that non-Buddhists were supposed to know what it meant. The compilers of the Nikāyas must therefore have considered the expression as …

(straw) mat Vin.iv.40 (Bdhgh on this: teṭṭikaṃ (sic) nāma tālapaṇṇehi vā vākehi vā katataṭṭikā, p. 357); Ja.i.141 (variant reading taddhika) Vism.97.

cp. kaṭaka

only used with ref. to the bhikkhus of Gotama Buddha’s community
(adj.) senior Vin.i.47, Vin.i.290 (th. bhikkhū opp. navā bh.), Vin.i.159 (th bhikkhu a senior bh. opp. to navaka bh. a novice), Vin.i …

adjective strong (?), of clothes: therakāni vatthāni DN.ii.354 (vv.ll. thevakāni, dhorakāni, corakāni). Theri & Therika

stupa or tope, a bell-shaped pile of earth, a mound, tumulus, cairn; dome, esp. a monument erected over the ashes of an Arahant (otherwise called dhātugabbha = dāgaba), or on spots consecrated as sce …

1. a spot, stain, mole, freckle MN.i.88; SN.i.170; Vv-a.253; Dhp-a.iv.172 (˚ṃ vā kālakaṃ vā adisvā).
2. a kind of tree Vv.6#7 (= bandhu-jīvaka-puppha-sadisa-pupphā ekā rukkha-jāti).

tila + ka …

an heretic Vin.i.54, Vin.i.84, Vin.i.136, Vin.i.159 (˚samādāna), Vin.i.306 (˚dhaja), Vin.i.320; SN.i.65; SN.iv.37, SN.iv.394; DN.iii.44, DN.iii.46; Snp.381, Snp.891; Cnd.38; Pts.i.160; Pp.49; Vb.247. …

adverb so much, so long; usually correl. with yāva how long, how much; in all meanings to be understood out of elliptical application of this correlation Thus

I

*yāva-tāva …

1. to tear out Ja.i.199; Mil.101 (sadevake loke ubbattiyante); Dhp-a.i.5 (hadayamaṃsaṃ), Dhp-a.i.75 (rukkhaṃ).
2. to cause to swell or rise Ja.iii.361 (gangāsotaṃ); Ja.iv.161 (samuddaṃ).
3. (intrs.) …

…Asl.274.

Sk. cp. Vedic Np. Ikṣvāku fr. ikṣu

water Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.213; DN.ii.15 (˚assa dhārā gushes or showers of w.); Dhp.80 Dhp.145; Ja.i.212; Pv.i.5#7; Pp.31, Pp.32; Mil.318; Vv-a.20 (udake temanaṃ aggimhe tāpanaṃ); Dhp-a.i.289; Dhp-a. …

…(pot. ˚raye bhāseyya Snp-a.468); Dhp.408 (giraṃ udīraye = bhāseyya Dhp-a.iv.182); Ja.v.78 (vākyaṃ); Pass. udīyati (uddiyyati = Sk….

Ugga¹

adjective mighty, huge, strong fierce, grave, m. a mighty or great person, noble lord DN.i.103; SN.i.51 = Vv-a.116 (uggateja “the fiery heat”) Ja.iv.496; Ja.v.452 (˚teja); Ja.vi.490 …

destitute, forsaken; thrown out, cast away MN.i.296 (+ avakkhitta); Thag.315 (itthi); Thag.2, Thag.386 (cp. Thag-a.256 vātakkhitto viya yo koci dahano) Dhp.58 (= chaḍḍita of sweepings Dhp-a.i.445); …

exaltation, excellence, superiority (opp. avakkaṃsa) DN.i.54 (ukkaṃs-âvakkaṃsa hāyana-vaḍḍhana DN-a.i.165); MN.i.518; Vism.563 (id.) Vv-a.146 (˚gata excellent), Vv-a.335 (instr. ukkaṃsena par exc …

adjective set up, upright, opp. either nikkujja or avakujja AN.i.131; SN.v.89 (ukkujj’âvakujja) Pp.32 (= uparimukho ṭhapito C. 214).

ud + kujja

adjective

1. stretched out (flat), lying on one’s back, supine Vin.i.271 (mañcake uttānaṃ nipajjāpetvā making her lie back on the couch), Vin.ii.215; Ja.i.205; Pv.iv.10#8 (opp. avakujja); Pv-a.178 ( …

Va¹

the syllable “va” Kp-a.109 (with ref. to ending ˚vā in Bhagavā, which Bdhgh exp^ls as “va-kāraṃ dīghaṃ katvā,” i.e. a lengthening of va); Snp-a.76 (see below va^{3</sup …}

…Snp-a.466 See also vākya-bheda & vācaṃ bhindati. -viññatti intimation by language Vism.448; Mil.370;…

Vajira¹

a thunderbolt; usually with ref. to Sakka’s (= Indra’s) weapon DN.i.95 = MN.i.231 (ayasa); Thag.419; Ja.i.134 (vajira-pūritā viya garukā kucchi “as if filled with Sakka’s thunderb …

Vaka¹

wolf, only in poetry Snp.201; Ja.i.336; Ja.ii.450; Ja.v.241, Ja.v.302.

Vedic vṛka, Idg. *ṷI̊qṷo = Lat. lupus, Gr. λύκος, Lith. vilkas, Goth. wulfs = E. wolf etc.

Vaka^{2</sup …}

Vakka¹

adjective crooked Ja.i.216.

Vedic vakra; the usual P. form is vanka

Vakka²

neuter the kidney Snp.195; Kp iii.; Mil.26; Dhs-a.140. In detail described as one of the 32 …

…BSk. valkala (e.g. Jtm.210): see vāka

(“bark-like,” or “tuft”?) is at Kp-a.50 as the Vism reading, where Kp-a reads daṇḍa. The P.T.S. ed. of Vism (p. 255) reads wrongly cakkalaka.

wearing a garment of bark, an ascetic, lit. “barker” Ja.ii.274 (˚sadda the sound of the bark-garment-wearer). See also Np. Vakkali.

in compound for in

adjective (-˚) in danta˚; peeling bark with one’s teeth, designation of a cert. kind of ascetics DN-a.i.271.

fr. vakkala

term for bird, poetically for sakuṇa Ja.i.216 (tesaṃ ubhosu passesu pakkhā vankā jātā ti vakkangā C.).

vakkaṃ + ga

is fut. of vac: he will say, e.g. at Vin.ii.190; Vin.iv.238. See vatti.

tree (Mimusops elengi) Ja.v.420.

cp. *Sk. vakula

see vavakassati.

Vatta¹

neuter

1. that which is done, which goes on or is customary, i.e. duty, service, custom, function Vin.ii.31; Snp.294, Snp.393 (gahaṭṭha˚) Vism.188 (cetiy’ angaṇa˚ etc.); Dhp-a.i.9 …

to speak, say, call;
pres not found (for which vadati);
fut 1^st sg. vakkhāmi Ja.i.346 3^rd vakkhati SN.i.142; Ja.i.356; Ja.ii.40; Ja.vi.352; Vb-a.51 1 …

to be drawn away, to be distracted or alienated (from); so is to be read at all passages, where it is either combined with avakassati or stands by itself The readings are: Vin. …

drawn away, alienated; withdrawn, secluded Dhp-a.ii.103 (˚kāya).

pp. of vavakassati

see vatti. Vavatthapeti & tthapeti;

adjective noun

I. (adj.)

1. crooked, bent, curved MN.i.31 (+ jimha); SN.iv.118 (read v-daṇḍā); Vin.ii.116 (suttā vankā honti); Ja.i.9 (of kāja); Ja.iv.362 (˚daṇḍa), Pv-a.51 With ref. to a …

sort of toy: Rh. D. “toyplough” (Dial. i.10); Kern “miniature fish-hook (

Toevoegselen

s. v.). Rh. D. derives it fr. Sk. vṛka (see P vaka¹). Bdhgh at DN-a.i.86 takes it as “toy-plo …

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

provider, disposer Ja.v.221 (dhātā vidhātā, as of Viśvakarman: cp. Macdonell Vedic Mythology p. 118).

n. ag. of vidahati

Vikulāva(ka)

adjective having no nest, without a nest SN.i.224 (ka); Ja.i.203.

vi + kulāva

worker in bamboo, a basketmaker Vin.iii.82; Mil.331; Vb-a.222 (˚ka in simile) Pv-a.175.

vilīva + kāra

Vimāna¹

neuter lit. covering a certain space, measuring; the def^ns given by Dhpāla refer it to “without measure,” i.e. immeasurable. Thus = vigata-māne appamāṇe mahanta vara-p …

adjective opposite, hostile; enemy; only in foll. compounds:

• -sevaka siding in or consorting with the enemy keeping bad company, a traitor Ja.i.186; Ja.iii.321; Dhp-a.iv.95.
• …

1. (adj.) determined, of settled opinion, learned, accomplished; only in stock phrase sāvakā viyattā vinītā visāradā (which Rh. D trsl^s “true hearers, wise and well-trained, ready etc. …

(as special term in Buddhist metaphysics) a mental quality as a constituent of individuality, the bearer of (individual) life, life-force (as extending also over rebirths), principle of conscious lif …

…Dhs-a.324 (explained as vākya-bheda).

perhaps a distortion of *vyāpṛta, for which the usual P. (der.)…

…cp. vacaḥ (P. vaco); Vedic vāk (vāc˚) voice, word, vākya; Av. vacah & vaxs word Gr. ε ̓́πος word, ο ̓́ψ voice, Lat. vox = voice,…

Vākarā = vāgulā

net, snare MN.i.153 (daṇḍa˚, dvandva); MN.ii.65
■ As vākara at Ja.iii.541; as vākura at Thag.774.

…Another P. form is vākarā.

cp. Epic & Class. Sk. vāgurā; to Idg. *ṷeg to weave, as in Lat. velum sail, Ags. wecca = E wick; Ohg….

…Another P. form is vākarā.

cp. Epic & Class. Sk. vāgurā; to Idg. *ṷeg to weave, as in Lat. velum sail, Ags. wecca = E wick; Ohg….

…makaci˚); Mil.128
■ avāka without bark Ja.iii.522.

• -cīra (= cīvara) a bark garment worn by an…

Vākarā = vāgulā

net, snare MN.i.153 (daṇḍa˚, dvandva); MN.ii.65
■ As vākara at Ja.iii.541; as vākura at Thag.774.

…(˚bheda “significant sentence translation).

fr. vac: see vāk & vācā; Vedic vākya

…at Vin.ii.130, viz. vākamaya˚, usīra˚, mora-piñcha˚; or fans made of bark, of a root (?), and of a peacock’s tail.

fr. vījana,…

alienated, withdrawn, drawn away (from), secluded often in phrase eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī etc (see arahant ii.B.), e.g. DN.iii.76; SN.i.117; SN.ii.21, SN.ii.244 SN.iii.35 …

to draw away, alienate, distract, exclude Vin.iv.326; AN.v.72 sq
caus 2 vūpakāsāpeti to cause to distract or draw away Vin.i.49; Vin.iv.326
pp vūpakaṭṭha.

Caus. of vavakassati

Ya˚

I. Forms

(See inflection also at Geiger, P.Gr. § 110.) The decl. is similar to that of ta˚ among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.
■ sg. nom. m. *[yo](/define/y …

adverb when Snp.200 (y. ca so mato seti), Snp.681, Snp.696 (here as yada, explained as yadā), Snp.923; Dhp.28, Dhp.69, Dhp.277 sq., Dhp.325, Dhp.384, Dhp.390; Iti.77 (y devo devakāyā cavati); Pv-a.54 …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

adjective splendid, glorious, full of splendour Ja.v.63 (pāvako yasassimā = teja-sampattiyā yassassinīhi accīhi yutto C.).

double adj. ending; yasas + vin + mant

adjective being according to reality or sufficiency, essential, true, real, sufficient Thag.347 Vb-a.409 (˚vatthu, referring to the “māna”-division of the Khuddaka-vatthu Vb.353 sq., cp. Cnd.505≈ S …

adverb in which, where, since; only in phrase yatra hi nāma (in emphatic exclamations) with Fut. “as indeed, inasmuch as, that” SN.ii.255 (ñāṇabhūtā vata sāvakā y. h. n. savako ñassati etc.); Ja.i.5 …

in cpd. sāli˚; (whatever there is of) rice & corn (i.e. rice-and cornfields C.) Ja.iv.172. Cp. yāvaka.

yava + collect. ending ˚ka

1. the yoke of a plough (usually) or a carriage Dhp-a.i.24 (yugaṃ gīvaṃ bādhati presses on the neck); Pv-a.127 (ratha˚); Sdhp.468 (of a carriage) Also at Snp.834 in phrase dhonena yugaṃ samāgamā w …

adjective asked, begged, borrowed MN.i.365 (˚ṃ bhogaṃ) Ja.iv.358 = Ja.vi.127 (˚ṃ yānaṃ and ˚ṃ dhanaṃ, alluding to MN.i.365–MN.i.366), with explⁿ Ja.iv.358: “yaṃ parena dinnattā labbhati taṃ …

adjective sufficient (lit “just as much”; i.e. such as it is), sufficiently founded logical, consistent, exact, definite, true Cnd.275 (where tatha is explained by taccha, bhūta, yāthāva, aviparīta) D …

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …

dish prepared of barley Ja.vi.373 (= yavataṇḍula-bhatta C.).

= yavaka

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

rinsing, washing with water, used

1. for the mouth DN.i.12 (= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DN-a.i.98).
2. after evacuation Ja.iii.486.

• -kumbhī water-pitcher used for rinsing …

Ājīvaka & ˚ika

an ascetic, one of the numerous sects of non-buddhist ascetics. On their austerities, practice & way of living see esp. Dhp-a.ii.55 sq. and on the whole question A. L. Basham, *Hist. …

Ājīvaka & ˚ika

an ascetic, one of the numerous sects of non-buddhist ascetics. On their austerities, practice & way of living see esp. Dhp-a.ii.55 sq. and on the whole question A. L. Basham, *Hist. …

1. strewn over, beset with, crowded, full of, dense, rich in (˚-) Vin.iii.130 (˚loma with dense hair); SN.i.204 (˚kammanta “in motley tasks engaged”), SN.iv.37 (gāmanto ā. bhikkhūhi etc.); AN.iii.104 …

Ārā¹

feminine an awl; see cp āragga. Perhaps a der. of ārā is āḷakā (q.v.).

Sk. ārâ; *ēl “pointed”, as in Ohg. āla = Ger. ahle, Ags. āēl = E awl; Oicel. alr

Ārā<su …

1. pleasure, fondness of (-˚), delight, always as adj. (-˚) delighting in, enjoying finding pleasure in (usually comb^d. with rata, e.g. dhammārāma dhammarata finding delight in the Dh.) S …

that which; flows (out or on to) outflow & influx.

1. spirit, the intoxicating extract or secretion of a tree or flower, O. C in Vin.iv.110 (four kinds); B. on DN.iii.182 (five kinds Dhs-a.48; Kp-a …

Āḷavaka & ˚ika

(adj. n.) dwelling in forests, a forest-dweller SN.ii.235. As Np. at Vism.208.

= āṭavika

Āḷavaka & ˚ika

(adj. n.) dwelling in forests, a forest-dweller SN.ii.235. As Np. at Vism.208.

= āṭavika

(ṭṭhāna) neuter

I. Connotation

As one of the 4 iriyāpathā (behaviours)

1. contrasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining (b) as rest with motion.
2. by itself without parti …