adjective powerless Sdhp.290. Avasata & Osata;

a + vasa

…Vv-a.113; Sdhp.247. -anāvāsa (n. & adj. uninhabited, without a home; an uninhabited place AN.iv.345; Ja.ii.77;…

A. Prep. and pref. of direction & place:

1. as direction denoting a movement towards a definite end or goal up to, over, toward, to, on (see C 1a.)
2. as place where (prep. c. loc. or abs.) = …

…read for adhitaṭṭhāna) āvāsa* should perhaps be read adhiṭṭhāna in the sense of fixed…

…Pv.ii.2#5 (= anāvāsa Pv-a.80)
■ (nt.) the homeless state (= anagāriyā) Snp.376. See also…

being tied to, hanging on, attached to only in phrase a. tiṭṭhati (+ abhinandati, same in Divy MN.i.266; SN.iv.36 sq.; SN.iv.60, SN.iv.71 sq.; Mil.69. See also ajjhosa.

ger. o …

one who inhabits DN.i.63 (agāraṃ).

n. ag. to ajjhāvasati

to inhabit (agāraṃ a house; i.e. to be settled or live the settled life of a householder DN.ii.16; MN.i.353; Vin.iv.224; Ja.i.50; Pp.57; Mil.348
pp ajjhāvuttha (q.v.).

adhi …

inhabited, occupied (of a house) Vin.ii.210; Ja.i.145; Ja.ii.333; Pv-a.24 (˚ghara); fig. (not) occupied by Snp-a.566 (= anosita).

cp. Sk. adhyuṣita; pp. of ajjhāvasati

adjective not dwelt in DN.ii.50.

an + āvuttha, pp. of āvasati

adjective noun uninhabited, an uninhabited place Vin.ii.22, Vin.ii.33; Ja.ii.77.

an + āvāsa

thoughtfulness, carefulness, conscientiousness, watchfulness, vigilance, earnestness, zeal DN.i.13 (: a. vuccati satiyā avippavāso DN-a.i.104); DN.iii.30 DN.iii.104 sq., DN.iii.112, DN.iii.244, DN.ii …

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

to go down, to go away (to) Snp.685 (variant reading BB. T. avaṃsari).

ava + sṛ.

Avasaṭa & Osaṭa

withdrawn, gone away; one who has left a community & gone over to another sect, a renegade Vin.iv.216, Vin.iv.217 (= titthāyatanaṃ saṃkata).

Sk. apasṛta, cp. also samavasṛta, pp. of …

(-˚) neuter stopping ceasing; end, finish, conclusion Ja.i.87 (bhattakicc-âvasāne at the end of the meal); Pv-a.76 (id.).

for osāna

stopping, end, finish Thig.12 (= avasānaṃ niṭṭhānaṃ Thag-a.19). But the id. p. at Dhp.218 has anakkhāte.

fr. avaseti

adverb the prep. ava in adv. use, down, downward; in C. often expl^d. by adho. Rarely absolute, the only passage found so far being Snp.685 (avaṃ sari he went down, variant …

adjective noun thoughtfulness, mindfulness, attention; adj. not neglectful, mindful, attentive eager Vin.v.216; Snp.1142 (cp. Cnd.101: anussatiyā bhāvento); DN-a.i.104 (appamādo vuccati satiyā avippa …

Aṭṭha¹

num. card, eight, decl. like pl. of adj. in-a A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds ˚angula, ˚nakha, ˚pada, ˚pāda B. The number in …

Baddha¹

1. bound, in bondage MN.i.275; SN.i.133; SN.iv.91; Snp.957 (interpreted as “baddhacara by Mnd.464); Dhp.324.
2. snared, trapped Ja.ii.153 Ja.iii.184; Ja.iv.251, Ja.iv.414.
3. made f …

(indef. enclitic particle)

1. Indefinite (after demonstr. pron. in the sense of kiṃ = what about? or how is it? cp. kiṃ) = ever, whoever what-ever, etc. [Sk. kaśca, Gr. ὁς τε, Lat: quisque Goth. h …

I. Crude meaning

1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dhp.1; Pv-a.65 (ratha˚); Mil.27.
2. a discus used as a missile weapon Ja.i.74; Pgdp.36; cp khura˚ a razor as an instr. of torture.
3. a disc, a …

…palibodhā* (c. & āvāsa˚ Vin.i.265 Vin.v.117 cp. Vin.v.178))

• -paviveka neuter the seclusion of the robe, i.e. of a non-Buddhist…

ra; (on ṇ: l cp. guṇa: guḷa etc.) to *del as in Sk. dala, dalati. Cp. Lat. dolare to cut, split, work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.δαίδαλον work of art; Mhg. zelge twig; zol a stick Possibly also …

1. discourse, instruction, lesson SN.v.83, SN.v.108; Ja.iii.84; Pp.28; Ne.38; Vism.523 sq (regarding Paṭiccasamuppāda); Pv-a.1, Pv-a.2, Pv-a.9, Pv-a.11; Sdhp.213.
2. Freq. in dhamma˚; moral inst …

god, a divine being; usually in pl. devā the gods. As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level. Thus primarily (see 1^a) …

adjective

1. to be given (see below)
2. deserving a gift, worthy of receiving alms Ja.iii.12 (a˚); Mil.87 (rāja˚) -nt. a gift offering Vin.i.298 (saddhā˚).

• -dhamma a gift, …

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

1. giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Sangha (cp. deyyadhamma & yañña). As such it constitute …

Gaha¹

a house, usually in compounds (see below). Ja.iii.396 (= the layman’s life; Com. geha).

• -kāraka a house-builder, metaph. of taṇhā (cp. kāya as geha) Dhp.153, …

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

…-āvāsa the household life (as contrasted with the life of a mendicant) Vin.ii.180 (gharāvāsatthaṃ); AN.ii.208;…

adjective noun a householder, one who leads a domestic life, a layman (opp. pabbajita & paribbājaka). Geu. sg. gihissa (DN.iii.147, DN.iii.167) & gihino (DN.iii.174); n. pl. gihī; in compounds *gihī …

brick, in -āvasatha a house of bricks, as N pl. “the Brick Hall” DN.i.91; Vin.i.232; MN.i.205.

…Dhp-a.ii.25 (dvāra˚). 2. a villager Ja.v.107 (= gāmavāsin).

• -āvāsa an abode in a village Pv-a.12; Vv-a.291.

verse, stanza, line of poetry, usually referring to an Anuṭṭhubbaṃ or a Tuṭṭhubbaṃ, & called a catuppādā gāthā, a stanza (śloka) of four half-lines AN.ii.178; Ja.iv.395 Def. as akkhara-padaniya-mit …

indeclinable an exhortative-emphatic particle used like Gr. α ̓́γε δή or French allons, voilà: well then, now, come along, alas! It is constructed with 1^st pres. & fut., or imper, 2^{nd …}

1. (n.) speed SN.ii.266; SN.v.227; MN.i.446; AN.ii.113; AN.iii.248; Snp.221; Ja.ii.290; Ja.iv.2 Often combined with thāma, in phrase thāmajavasampanna endowed with strength & swiftn …

1. the panels of the door, the door proper, not the aperture Vin.ii.114, Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.207, Vin.ii.208 (see Vin.ii.148 for the description of a door), Vin.iv.269, Vin.iv.304 (˚baddha = āvasatha); …

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

to hang down, to droop, fall Mhvs.32, Mhvs.70 (laggāni lambiṃsu), Mhvs.71 (ākāse lambamānāni). Fut. lambahīti (poet.) Ja.v.302 (= lambissati)
caus lambeti to cause to hang up …

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

…selfishness are mentioned āvāsa˚, kula˚, lābha˚, vaṇṇa˚, dhamma˚; DN.iii.234 Mnd.118, Mnd.227; AN.iv.456; Dhs.1122 (cp. *Dhs…

…selfishness are mentioned āvāsa˚, kula˚, lābha˚, vaṇṇa˚, dhamma˚; DN.iii.234 Mnd.118, Mnd.227; AN.iv.456; Dhs.1122 (cp. *Dhs…

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

adjective past participle

measured out, planned, laid out; created (by supernatural power iddhi); measured, stately DN.i.18, DN.i.56 (iddhiyā pi DN-a.i.167), DN.i.219 (Su˚ devaputta. Np.), ibid. (Pa …

sitting down, occasion or opportunity to sit, a mat to sit on Vin.i.295 Vin.ii.123 (˚ena vippavasati); SN.v.259 (˚ṃ gaṇhāti). -paccattharaṇa a mat for sitting on Vin.i.47, Vin.i.295; Vin.ii.209 Vin …

being finished, carrying out, execution, performance DN.i.141; Thag-a.19 (= avasāya). Cp. san˚.

abstr. of niṭṭhāti

(nt. m.) diversity, variety, manifoldness, multiformity, distraction; all sorts of (opp. ekatta, cp. MN.i.364: “the multiformity of sensuous impressions,” M.A.). Enumⁿ of diversity as nānat …

There is no difference in meaning between osadha and osadhī; both mean equally any medicine whether of herbs or other ingredients. Cp. e.g. AN.iv.100 (bījagāma-bhūtagāmā… osadhi-tiṇavanappatayo) Pv. …

to flow, to go away, to recede to, to visit MN.i.176 (gāmaṃ etc.); MN.ii.122
pp osaṭa. See also avasarati.

o + sṛ.

1. return to, going into (acc.) visiting Ja.i.154 (gāmantaṃ ˚kāle).
2. withdrawal, distraction, drawing or moving away, heresy Snp.538 (ogahanāni titthāni, diṭṭhiyo ti attho Snp-a.434).

fr. avasarati

…undergone, visited MN.i.176, MN.i.469 (padasamācāro sangha-majjhe o.); MN.ii.2 (Rājagahaṃ vass˚āvāsaṃ o.); Mil.24 (sākacchā osaṭā…

Avasaṭa & Osaṭa

withdrawn, gone away; one who has left a community & gone over to another sect, a renegade Vin.iv.216, Vin.iv.217 (= titthāyatanaṃ saṃkata).

Sk. apasṛta, cp. also samavasṛta, pp. of …

to put forth, bring to an end, settle, put down, fix, decide SN.i.81 (fut. osāpayissāmi; vv.ll. oyayiss˚ and obhāyiss˚ Ud.66 (T. otarissāmi? vv.ll. obhāyiss˚, otāy˚ & osāy˚ C. paṭipajjissāmi karissāmi …

…Mil.388 (kule p.); ghar’āvāsa˚, putta-dāro etc. Mnd.136; Cnd.172#a B, 205, cp. Ja.ii.95 (ghara˚); Kp-a.39 (enumerated as set of *dasa…

carelessness, negligence, indolence, remissness DN.i.6 (jūta˚, see DN-a.i.85), DN.iii.42 sq., DN.iii.236; MN.i.151; SN.i.18, SN.i.20, SN.i.25, SN.i.146, SN.i.216; SN.ii.43 SN.ii.193; SN.iv.78, SN.iv. …

Panunna (Paṇunna & Panuṇṇa)

(med. & pass.) put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled driven away, sent AN.ii.29; AN.v.31; Snp.469 (˚kodha) Ja.vi.247, Ja.vi.285; Kv.597 (ito p., trsl^d “end …

Panunna (Paṇunna & Panuṇṇa)

(med. & pass.) put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled driven away, sent AN.ii.29; AN.v.31; Snp.469 (˚kodha) Ja.vi.247, Ja.vi.285; Kv.597 (ito p., trsl^d “end …

Panunna (Paṇunna & Panuṇṇa)

(med. & pass.) put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled driven away, sent AN.ii.29; AN.v.31; Snp.469 (˚kodha) Ja.vi.247, Ja.vi.285; Kv.597 (ito p., trsl^d “end …

Panunna (Paṇunna & Panuṇṇa)

(med. & pass.) put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled driven away, sent AN.ii.29; AN.v.31; Snp.469 (˚kodha) Ja.vi.247, Ja.vi.285; Kv.597 (ito p., trsl^d “end …

Panunna (Paṇunna & Panuṇṇa)

(med. & pass.) put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled driven away, sent AN.ii.29; AN.v.31; Snp.469 (˚kodha) Ja.vi.247, Ja.vi.285; Kv.597 (ito p., trsl^d “end …

Panunna (Paṇunna & Panuṇṇa)

(med. & pass.) put away, rejected or rejecting, dispelled driven away, sent AN.ii.29; AN.v.31; Snp.469 (˚kodha) Ja.vi.247, Ja.vi.285; Kv.597 (ito p., trsl^d “end …

…dvārakoṭṭhaka-yuttaṃ āvāsaṃ); Dhp-a.i.260 (pāsāda˚). 2. a cell or private chamber for a bhikkhu (cp. Vin. Texts iii.109, 203)…

to “live forth,” i.e. to be away from home, to dwell abroad Snp.899; Ja.ii.123 (= pavasaṃ gacchati); Ja.v.91
pp pavuttha (q.v.). Cp. vi˚.

pa + vas

dwelling or living abroad, staying away from home DN.ii.261 (˚jāti one who dwells away from his caste, i.e. who no longer belongs to any caste); Ja.v.434; Dhp-a.iii.293. Freq. in phrase *pavutthapati …

sojourning abroad, being away from home Ja.ii.123 Ja.v.434; Ja.vi.150; Mil.314
■ Cp. vi˚.

fr. pa + vas, cp. Vedic pravāsa in same meaning

adjective living abroad or from home, in cira˚; long absent Dhp.219 (= cirappavuttha Dhp-a.iii.293).

fr. pavāsa

…5 kinds of selfishness: āvāsa˚ kula˚ lābha vaṇṇa˚ dhamma˚. ˚rajāni defilements: rūpa˚, sadda etc. (of the 5 senses) Mnd.505;…

grounded on, on account of, concerning, because (with acc.) MN.i.265 (etaṃ on these grounds); SN.iii.93 = Iti.89 (atthavasaṃ); Ja.ii.386 (= abhisandhāya); Snp.680, Snp.784 Snp.872, Snp.1046; Snp-a.35 …

adjective fit, proper, suitable, befitting, seeming DN.i.91; Vin.ii.166 (seyyā); MN.i.123; SN.i.214 SN.ii.194 (ap˚); Thig.341; Pv.ii.12#15; Ja.v.99; Pp.27; Dhp-a.iii.142; Pv-a.26, Pv-a.122 (= yutta …

…return SN.i.22 (a˚).

• -āvāsa rebirth SN.i.200.
• -divase on the following day Ja.i.278; Pv-a.19, Pv-a.38. *…

(& lambati); to hang down. Both forms are given with meaning “avasaṃsane” at Dhtp.198 and Dhtm.283.

lamb

night DN.i.47 (dosinā). gen. sg. ratyā (for *rattiyā) Thag.517; Snp.710 (vivasane = ratti-samatikkame Snp-a.496); Ja.vi.491. abl. sg. rattiyā in phrases abhikkantāya r. at the waning of night D …

tree. In the rukkha-mūlik’ anga (see below) Bdhgh at Vism.74 gives a list of trees which are not to be selected for the practice of “living at the root of a tree.” These are sīmantarika-rukkha, ceti …

adjective being in unity, harmonious MN.ii.239; DN.iii.172; AN.ii.240; AN.v.74 sq.; plur. = all unitedly, in common Vin.i.105; Ja.vi.273#2. AN.i.70 = AN.i.243; Snp.281, Snp.283; Dhp.194; Thig.161; Tha …

of a goad or spur Thig.210. See samosarati.

congregation; time, condition, etc.

At Dhs-a.57 sq we find a detailed explⁿ of the word samaya (s-sadda) with meanings given as follows: 1 *[samavāya](/define/samavāy …

1. attainment, success accomplishment; happiness, good fortune; blessing bliss AN.i.38; Pv.ii.9#47 (= sampatti Pv-a.132)
   ■ Sampadā in its pregnant meaning is applied to the accomplishments of th …

…phenomenal Dhs-a.38.

-āvāsa abode of sentient beings (see nava¹ 2) DN.iii.263 DN.iii.268;…

one’s own will Dhs-a.61 (˚vattitā; cp. Expos. 81).

sa⁴ + vasa

one of the most difficult terms in Buddhist metaphysics, in which the blending of the subjective-objective view of the world and of happening peculiar to the East, is so complete, that it is almost i …

to prepare, get ready, undertake Vin.i.137 (vass’āvāsaṃ); SN.iv.312.

fr. saṃ + kḷp

bed, couch MN.i.502; AN.i.296; Vin.ii.167 (˚aggena by the surplus in beds); Snp.29, Snp.152 Snp.535; Dhp.305, Dhp.309; Pv.ii.3#11; Pv.iv.1#2; Ja.vi.197 (gilāna sick-bed). Four kinds AN.ii.244; Vb-a. …

…cp MN.iii.103.

• -āvāsakāyika belonging to the pure abode epithet of the Suddhāvāsa devas Vin.ii.302; DN.ii.253; SN.i.26. *…

to subside, sink; to yield, give way SN.i.53; Snp.939 (= saṃsīdati osīdati Cnd.420); Iti.71; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.35 3^rd pl. sīdare Ja.ii.393; Pot. sīde Iti.71; fut. sīdissati: see ni˚
p …

Ta˚

base of demonstr. pron. for nt., in oblique cases of m. & f., in demonstr. adv. of place & time (see also sa).

I. Cases: nom

sg. nt. tad (older) Vin.i.83; Snp.1052; Dh …

Ti

adverb the apostrophe form of iti, thus. See iti.

cp. Sk. iti

Ti˚

base of numeral three in compound; consisting of three, threefold; in numerical compounds also three (3 times).

*-[kaṭuka](/d …

? “a robe worn over the left shoulder” (Hardy, Index to ed.) Vv-a.166 (variant reading upavasavya).

?

1. to dwell in or at Ja.iii.113; DN-a.i.139.
2. to live (trs.); to observe, keep (a holy day); only in phrase uposathaṃ upavasati to observe the fast day SN.i.208; AN.i.142, AN.i.144, AN.i.205; Snp …

celebrated, kept (of a fastday) AN.i.211 (uposatha); Snp.403 (uposatha). Cp. uposatha.

pp. of upavasati

keeping a prescribed day, fasting, self-denial, abstaining from enjoyments uposatha*; used extensively in BSk. in meaning of uposatha, e.g. at Avs.i.338, Avs.i.339; Divy.398 in ph …

At the time of the rise of Buddhism the word had come to mean the day preceding four stages of the moon’s waxing and waning, viz. 1^st, 8^th, 15^th 23^d nights …

Vasati¹

to clothe. pp.; vuttha¹. Caus. vāseti: see ni˚ See also vāsana¹ & vāsana¹.

vas¹; to Idg. *ṷes, cp. Gr. ε …

…= Vv-a.75. -āvāsa vassa-residence AN.iii.67. -āvāsika belonging to the spending of…

adjective doing, exercising, influencing; in vasa˚; having power, neg. avasa˚; having no free will involuntary Pv-a.64.

fr. vatta¹

“letting go,” i.e. starting on something, endeavouring, resolution AN.i.36; Ja.vi.188 (handā ti vavassagg’ atthe nipāto); DN-a.i.237 (here handa is explained as vavasāy’ atthe …

to go from home, to be away from (abl.), to be absent Snp.1138 (= apeti apagacchati vinā hoti Cnd.582); Ja.iv.51, Ja.iv.439
pp vippavuttha.

vi + pavasati

absent; -sati neglectful Dhp-a.i.239.

pp. of vippavasati

absence; in sati˚; absence of mind, neglect, absentmindedness, thoughtlessness Ja.i.410; Snp-a.339; a˚; thoughtfulness, mindfulness Vin.v.216; Snp.1142; Ja.iv.92.

vi + pavāsa

to live away from home, to be separated, to be distant Ja.iv.217
■ Cp. vippavasati.

vi + vasati²

adjective solitary Ja.iv.242 (˚āvāsa).

vivitta + ka

adjective decided, resolute Snp-a.200.

pp. of vi + ava + sā (or śri?), cp. vyavasāna

vavassagga*, although it should be derived fr. sā (cp. pp. vyavasita; or śri?), thus mixture of sṛj & sā. Cp. a similar difficulty of sā under …

Ya˚

I. Forms

(See inflection also at Geiger, P.Gr. § 110.) The decl. is similar to that of ta˚ among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.
■ sg. nom. m. *[yo](/define/y …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

adjective having the character of being in accordance with (the truth or the occasion), real, true, just Iti.44 (santaṃ paṇītaṃ yathāvaṃ, nt.); Thag.188, Thag.422 (˚āloka-dassana seeing the real ligh …

grass, hay, fodder Ja.i.338.

fr. yava; Vedic yavasa

1. a brahmanic sacrifice.
2. alms-giving charity, a gift to the Sangha or a bhikkhu.

The brahmanic ritual of Vedic times has been given a changed and deeper meaning. Buddhism has discarded the outwa …

adverb

1. (as prep.) up to (a point), as far as, how far so far that (cp. tāva I), both temporal and local, used either with absolute form of noun or adj. (base), or nom., or abl. or *acc …

indeclinable lokasmiṃ yad idam arahanto “as far as the abodes of beings, as far as heaven, these are the highest these are the best, I mean the Arahants.” SN.iii.84 yāvatā dhammā sankhatā vā asankhatā …

“the (way of) making”, i.e.

1. state, condition Ja.i.237 (avasan˚ condition of inhabitability); Ja.ii.154 (patan˚ state of falling, labile equilibrium) cp. paṇṇ˚
2. property, quality, attribute DN.i. …

…AN.i.257; Dhp-a.i.177 (āvāsaṃ read āvāpaṃ), Dhp-a.i.225; Pv-a.62 (kaṭṭhāni)
pp ālimpita (q.v.).

for…

dwelling-place, habitation; abode, house, dwelling Vin.i.226 (˚âgāra restinghouse); Vin.iv.304 (= kavāṭabaddha); SN.i.94, SN.i.229; SN.iv.329; Snp.287, Snp.672; Ja.iv.396; Ja.vi.425; Pp.51; Mil.279. …

to live at or in, to inhabit, reside, stay MN.ii.72; SN.i.42; Snp.43, Snp.805, Snp.1134; Mnd.123, Mnd.127; Cnd.133; Ja.vi.317
pp āvuttha (q.v.).

ā + vas

adverb clear, manifest, evident; openly, before one’s eyes, in full view. Only in phrase āvi vā raho openly or secret AN.v.350, AN.v.353; Pv.ii.7#16 = Dhp-a.iv.21 (āvī variant reading), expl^{d. …}

inhabited DN.ii.50 (an˚); SN.i.33.

pp. of āvasati

…Dhp-a.i.177 (read for āvāsa?), Dhp-a.i.178.

if correct, fr. ā + vā² to blow with caus. p
■ Cp. JR A S. 1898, 750 sp.

…Pv.iv.8#4 (= nibaddha-vasanaka Pv-a.267).

āvāsa + ika

adjective wanting, deficient less MN.ii.73; Ja.v.330; Dhp-a.i.77; Dhp-a.iv.210. Mostly adverbially with numerals = one less, but one, minus (one or two); usually with eka (as ekūna …