kakkhaḷa
- rough, hard, harsh (lit. & fig.) Dhs.648 (opp.; muduka Dhs.962 (rūpaṃ paṭhavīdhātu: kakkhalaṃ kharagataṃ kakkhaḷattaṃ kakkhaḷabhāvo); Vism.349 (= thaddha), Vism.591, Vism.592 (˚lakkhaṇa); Dhp-a.ii.95; Dhp-a.iv.104; Mil.67, Mil.112; Pv-a.243 (= asaddha, akkosakāraka, opp. muduka) Vv-a.138 (= pharusa).
- cruel, fierce, pitiless Ja.i.187 Ja.i.266; Ja.ii.204; Ja.iv.162, Ja.iv.427. Akakkhaḷa not hard or harsh smooth, pleasant Dhs-a.397. -vacata, kind speech ibid. (= apharusa ˚vācatā mudu˚;).
- -kathā hard speech, cruel words Ja.vi.561.
- -kamma cruelty, atrocity Ja.iii.481.
- -bhāva rigidity Dhs.962 (see kakkhala) MN-a.21; harshness, cruelty Ja.iii.480. a˚ absence of hardness or rigidity Dhs-a.151.
kakkhaṭa, cp. Sk. karkara = P. kakkaṭaka