Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli (but see below 1a). As adv. “all round” it is only found at Ja.vi.198 (parī metri causa; combined with samantato). The composition form before vowels is pariy˚; which in combination with ud and upa undergoes metathesis, scil payir˚. Frequent combinations with other preps. are pari + ā (pariyā˚) and pari + ava (pariyo˚); sampari˚; Close affinities of p. are the preps. adhi (cp. ajjhesati → pariyesati, ajjhogāhati → pariyogāhati) and abhi (cp abhirādheti → paritoseti, abhitāpa → paritāpa, abhipīḷita → pari˚, abhipūreti → pari˚, abhirakkhati → pari˚), cp also its relation to ā in var. combinations
■ Meanings.

1. (lit.)

   1. away from, off (cp. Vedic pari as prep. c. abl.: ˚kaḍḍhati to draw over, seduce, ˚cheda cutting off restriction, ˚puñchati wipe off
   2. all round, round (explained by samantato, e.g. at Vism.271 in pallanka) ˚anta surrounded, ˚esati search round, ˚kiṇṇa covered all round (i.e. completely, cp. explⁿ as “samantato ākiṇṇa”), ˚carati move round, ˚jana surrounding people ˚dhāvati run about, ˚dhovati wash all round, ˚paleti watch all round, fig. guard carefully, ˚bhamati roam about, ˚maṇḍala circular (round), ˚sā assembly (lit sitting round, of sad).

2. (fig.)

   1. quite, completely very much, κα ̓τ εςοξήν: ˚ādāna consummation, ˚āpanna gone completely into, ˚odāta very pure, ˚osāna complete end, ˚gūhati to hide well, ˚toseti satisfy very much ˚pūreti fulfil, ˚bhutta thoroughly enjoyed, ˚yañña supreme sacrifice, ˚suddha extremely clean
   2. too much, excessively (cp. ati˚ and adhi˚): ˚tāpeti torment excessively, ˚pakka over-ripe
      ■ A derivation (adv. from pari is parito (q.v.). On its relation to Sk. pariṣ see parikkhāra. A frequently occurring dialectical variant of pari˚ is pali˚; (q.v.)
      ■ Note. The explⁿ of P Commentators as regards pari is “pariggahaṭṭho Pts.i.176; “paricca” Snp-a.88; “parito” Vv-a.316; Pv-a.33.

Idg. *peri to verbal root *per, denoting completion of a forward movement (as in Sk. pṛ² piparti. to bring across, promote; cp. Vedic pṛc to satisfy, pṛṇāti to fill, fulfill. See also P. para). Cp Vedic pari, Av. pairi, Gr. πέρι, Lat. per (see [in adj per-magnus very great](/define/in adj per-magnus very great)); Obulg. pariy round about Lith. per̃ through, Oir er-(intensifying prefix), Goth faír, Ohg. fir, far = Ger. ver-