adjective serviceable, helping, effective Ja.v.99; Vism.534
■ f. upakārikā

1. benefactress helper Ja.iii.437.
2. fortification (strengthening of the defence) on a city wall DN.i.105, see DN-a.i.274 & cp parikkhāra; MN.i.86 (= Cnd.199#6).
3. (philosophy) cause (that which is an aid in the persistence or happening of any given thing) Tikapaṭṭhāna i.11

fr. upakāra