calm, quiet, appeasement, allaying, assuagement, tranquillizing Vin.i.10; SN.iv.331 = SN.v.421 (in freq. phrase upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati; see nibbāna iii.7); DN.i.50; DN.iii.130 sq., DN.iii.136 sq., DN.iii.229 (as one of the 4 objects of adhiṭṭhāna, viz. paññā˚ sacca˚ cāga˚ upasama˚); MN.i.67; MN.iii.246; SN.i.30, SN.i.34 (sīlena), SN.i.46 citta-v-ûpasama), SN.i.48 SN.i.55; SN.ii.223, SN.ii.277; SN.iii.86 (sankhārānaṃ… v-ūpasamo) DN.ii.157; SN.i.158 (see vūpasama and sankhāra); (ariyaṃ maggaṃ dukkh˚-gāminaṃ); SN.iv.62, SN.iv.331; SN.v.65 (avūpasama), SN.v.179 SN.v.234 (˚gāmin), SN.v.378 sq.; AN.i.3 (avūpasama), AN.i.30, AN.i.42; AN.ii.14 (vitakk˚); AN.iii.325 sq.; AN.v.216, AN.v.238 sq.; Snp.257, Snp.724, Snp.735 Snp.737; Iti.18 (dukkh˚) Iti.83; Dhp.205; Mnd.351; Ja.i.97; Pts.i.95; Mil.170, Mil.248; Vism.197 (˚ânussati); Sdhp.587 Cp. vi˚ (vū˚).

Sk. upaśama, upa + śam