approach; fig. way, means, expedient, stratagem SN.iii.53 sq., SN.iii.58; DN.iii.220 (˚kosalla) Snp.321 (˚ññū); Ja.i.256; Cnd.570 (for upaya); Pv-a.20 Pv-a.31, Pv-a.39, Pv-a.45, Pv-a.104, Pv-a.161; Sdhp.10, Sdhp.12, Sdhp.350, Sdhp.385
■ Cases adverbially; instr. upāyena by artifice or means of a trick Pv-a.93; yena kenaci u. Pv-a.113
■ abl. upāyaso by some means, somehow Ja.iii.443; Ja.v.401 (= upāyena C.). anupāya wrong means Ja.i.256; Sdhp.405; without going near, without having a propensity for SN.i.181; MN.iii.25.

• -kusala clever in resource Ja.i.98; Ne.20; Snp-a.274.

fr. upa + i, cp. upaya