an outcaste; a low person, wretch; adj. vile, foul Vin.ii.221; Snp.116–Snp.136; Ja.iv.388; Snp-a.183, -f. vasalī outcaste wretched woman SN.i.160; Ja.iv.121, Ja.iv.375; Dhp-a.i.189; Dhp-a.iii.119; Dhp-a.iv.162; Vv-a.260.

• -ādhama = ˚dhamma Snp.135.
• -dhamma vile conduct Ja.ii.180.
• -vāda foul talk Ud.28; Snp-a.347.
• -sutta the suttanta on outcasts Snp.116 sq. (p, 21 sq.), commented on at Snp-a.174 sq., Snp-a.289.

Vedic vṛṣala, Dimin. of vṛṣan, lit. “little man”