lit. “yoking, or being yoked,” i.e. connection bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device

1. yoke, yoking (rare?) Ja.vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp. Ja.vi.209).
2. connection with (-˚), application to; (natural) relation (i.e. body, living connection), association; also conjunction (of stars). mānusaka yoga the relation to the world of men (the human body), opp. dibba yoga: SN.i.35 = SN.i.60; Snp.641; Dhp.417; explained at Dhp-a.iv.225 as “kāya.” association with: DN.iii.176; application: Vism.520 (+ uppāda). yogato (abl.) from being connected with by association with Pv-a.40 (bālya˚), Pv-a.98 (sammappadhāna˚)
   ■ pubba˚; connection with a former body, one’s former action or life-history Ja.v.476; Ja.vi.480; Mil.2 See pubbe¹
   ■ aḍḍhayoga a “half-connected” building, i.e. a half-roofed monastery Vin.i.239; Vism.34- nakkhatta˚; a conjunction of planets, peculiar constellation (in astrology) Ja.i.82, Ja.i.253 (dhana-vassāpanaka suitable for a shower of wealth); Ja.iii.98; Dhp-a.i.174; Dhs-a.232 (in simile).
3. (fig.) bond, tie; attachment (to the world and its lusts), or what yokes to rebirth (Cpd. 171²). There are 4 yogas, which are identical with the 4 oghas viz. kāma˚, bhava˚, diṭṭhi˚, avijjā˚ or the bonds of craving, existence, false views, and ignorance; enumerated in detail at AN.ii.10; DN.iii.230, DN.iii.276; Ja.i.374; cp. Pts.i.129 (catūhi yogehi yutto lokasannivāso catu-yoga-yojito); Vb-a.35. Mentioned or referred to at SN.v.59; Dhs.1059 (ogha + , in defⁿ of taṇhā), cp, Dhs translation 308; Ne.31 (with ogha), Ne.114 (id.); as sabba- (or sabbe) yogā at Thig.4; Thig.76; SN.i.213; Dhp-a.iii.233; severally at Iti.95 (bhava-yoga-yutta āgāmī hoti, + kāma˚); ogha + yoga: Pp.21 (avijjā˚) Vism.211, Vism.684; cp. also DN.ii.274 (pāpima-yogāni the ties of the Evil one); Iti.80 (yogā pamocenti bahujanaṃ)
4. application, endeavour, undertaking, effort Dhp-a.iii.233, Dhp-a.iii.234 (= samma-ppadhāna). yogaṃ karoti to make an effort, to strive after (dat.) SN.ii.131; AN.ii.93 (āsavānaṃ khayāya y. karaṇīya); Mil.35. yogaṃ āpajjati to show (earnest) endeavour, to be active SN.iii.11 sq.; Vb.356 (attanā)
   ■ dhamma˚; one who is devoted to the Dhamma AN.iii.355; yutta˚; (bent on, i.e. earnest in endeavour Ja.i.65; yāca˚; given to making offerings: see yāca.
5. pondering (over), concentration devotion MN.i.472; Dhp.209 (= yoniso manasikāra Dhp-a.iii.275), Dhp.282 (same explⁿ at Dhp-a.iii.421); Mil.3 Vb.324 (yoga-vihitesu kamm’ & sipp’-āyatanesu Vb-a.410 explains: y. vuccati paññā
   ■ perhaps better to above 4?).
6. (magic) power, influence, device scheme Ja.vi.212 (yoga-yogena practice of spells etc = tāya tāya yuttiyā C.); Pv-a.117 (combined with manta ascribed to devas).
7. means, instrument, remedy Ja.i.380 (vamana˚ an emetic); Ja.vi.74 (ekaṃ yogaṃ datvā but we better read bhesajjaṃ tassa datvā for vatvā and ekaṃ yogaṃ vatvā for datvā; taking yoga in meaning of “charm, incantation”); Mil.109 (yena yogena sattānaṃ guṇa-vaḍḍhi… tena hitaṃ upadahati).

-ātiga one who has conquered the yoke, i.e. bond of the body or rebirth Iti.61 (muni), Iti.81 (id.). -ātigāmin ˚âtiga; AN.ii.12 (same as sabba-yoga-visaṃyutta) -āvacara “one at home in endeavour,” or in spiritual (esp. jhāna-) exercises; one who practises “yoga” an earnest student. The term is peculiar to the Abhidhamma literature
■ Ja.i.303, Ja.i.394, Ja.i.400; Ja.iii.241 (saṃsārasāgaraṃ taranto y.); Pts.ii.26; Kvu-a.32; Mil.33 sq., Mil.43 , Mil.366, Mil.378 sq.; Vism.245 (as hunter), Vism.246 (as begging bhikkhu), Vism.375 (iddhi-study), Vism.587, Vism.637, Vism.666, Vism.708; Dhp-a.ii.12 (padhānaṃ padahanto y.); Dhp-a.iii.241 (˚bhikkhu) Dhs-a.187 (ādhikammika), Dhs-a.246 (˚kulayutta); Vb-a.115, Vb-a.220, Vb-a.228 (as bhikkhu on alms-round), Vb-a.229 (as hunter), Vb-a.258, Vb-a.331; Kp-a.74; Snp-a.20, Snp-a.374. -kkhema [already Vedic yoga-kṣema exertion & rest, acquisition & possession] rest from work or exertion, or fig. in scholastic interpretation “peace from bondage,” i.e. perfect peace or “uttermost safety” (K.S. ii.132); a freq. Epithet of nibbāna [same in BSk.: yogakṣema e.g. Divy.98, Divy.123, Divy.303, Divy.498] MN.i.117 (˚kāma), MN.i.349, MN.i.357 (anuttara); SN.i.173 (˚adhivāhana); SN.ii.195 (anuttara) SN.ii.226; SN.iii.112 (˚kāma, neg.); SN.iv.125; SN.v.130 sq.; AN.i.50 (anuttara); AN.ii.40, AN.ii.52 (a˚), AN.ii.87, AN.ii.247; AN.iii.21, AN.iii.294 sq., AN.iii.353; DN.iii.123, DN.iii.125, DN.iii.164 (˚kāma); Vin.ii.205 = Iti.11 (˚ato dhaṃsati, whereas Vin ˚ā padhaṃsati); Iti.9, Iti.27 (abhabbo ˚ssa adhigamāya); Thig.6; Snp.79 (˚adhivāhana), Snp.425; Dhp.23 (anuttara, cp. Dhp-a.i.231); Pts.i.39; Pts.ii.81; Vb.247 (kulāni y-kh-kāmāni, which Vb-a.341 explains catūhi yogehi khemaṃ nibbhayaṃ icchanti); Thag-a.13-kkhemin finding one’s rest, peace, or salvation; emancipated free, an Arahant SN.iii.13 (accanta˚); SN.iv.85; AN.ii.12; AN.iv.310 (patta˚); AN.v.326 (accanta˚); Dhp-a.iii.233 Dhp-a.iii.234 (= sabba-yoga-visaṃyutta); neg. a˚; not finding one’s salvation AN.ii.52 (in verse) = Pts.ii.80; Iti.50-ññu knowing the (right) means Mil.169 sq. -bahula strong in exertion AN.iii.432. -yutta (Mārassa) one who is tied in the bonds (of Māra) AN.ii.52 (so read for ˚gutta the verse also at Pts.ii.80, Pts.ii.81, and Iti.50). -vibhāga dividing (division) of the relation (in grammar: to yoga 2) Snp-a.266.

Vedic yoga, see etym. under yuga & yuñjati. Usually m.; pl. nt. yogāni occurs at DN.ii.274 in meaning “bonds”