an emphatic particle “hey, oh, hallo I say” Vin.ii.109; Snp.666; iti ha, thus Vin.i.5, Vin.i.12; DN.i.1; a common beginning to traditional instruction Snp.1053; itihītihaṃ (saying), “thus and thus” Snp.1084; Snp-a.416 (ha-kāra); Pv-a.4 (ha re), Pv-a.58 (gloss for su).

freq. in Rigveda, as gha or ha, Idg. *gho, *ghe; cp. Lat. hi-c, Sk. hi