tormenting, torture, affliction, mortification MN.i.78, MN.i.341–MN.i.344; AN.i.151, AN.i.296 AN.ii.205 sq. (atta˚ self-mortification, opp. para˚); Pp.55 Pp.56, Pp.61; Pv-a.18 (atta˚), Pv-a.30 (id.). Often combined with ātāpana (q.v.).

pari + tāpana, of tap