■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of rebirth “future life” as disposition to be born again, “former life” as cause of this life. Defined (cp. the corresp explⁿ of jarā) as: yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattanaṃ tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyataṇānaṃ paṭilābho DN.ii.305 = SN.ii.3 = Cnd.257
   ■ Jāti is a condition precedent of age, sickness & death, and is fraught with sorrow, pain & disappointment. It is itself the final outcome of a kamma, resting on avijjā, performed in anterior births & forms thus the concluding link in the chain of the Paṭicca-samuppāda. Under the first aspect it is enumerated in various formulae, either in full or abbreviated (see Cnd.258), viz,

   1. as 1 jāti, 2 jarā, 3 vyādhi 4 maraṇa, 5 sokaparidevadukkhadomanass’ upāyāsa in the dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ (the noble truth of what is misfortune) Vin.i.10; AN.i.176; AN.iii.416; ˚dhamma destined to be born, etc. MN.i.161 sq., MN.i.173; AN.v.216 Cnd.258, Cnd.304, Cnd.630, etc., in var. connections (referring to some dukkha)
   2. as Nos. 1–4: Cnd.254, Cnd.494#b Ja.i.168, etc
   3. as Nos. 1, 2, 4 (the standard quotation implying the whole series 1–5): SN.v.224; AN.v.144 jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ Vin.i.1; DN.ii.31, DN.ii.57, etc. ˚ika AN.ii.11, AN.ii.173; ˚īya MN.i.280; Cnd.40
   4. to this is sometimes added (as summing up) saṃsāra: Cnd.282#f; cp. kicchaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca uppajjati ca DN.ii.30
   5. as Nos. 1 + 4 pahīna-jātimaraṇa (adj.) (= free from life & death i.e. saṃsāra) AN.i.162; ˚bhayassa pāraga AN.ii.15 ˚kovida Snp.484; atāri ˚ṃ asesaṃ Snp.355 (cp. 500) ˚assa pāraga Snp.32
   6. = e + saṃsāra (cp. d): sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ jātimaraṇagāmino AN.ii.12 = AN.ii.52 jātimaraṇasaṃsāraṃ ye vajanti punappunaṃ… avijjāy’ eva sā gati Snp.729
   7. as Nos. 1 + 2, which implies the whole series: atāri so jātijaraṃ AN.i.133; Snp.1048; jātijar’ upaga Snp.725 = Iti.106; saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā Iti.42; Snp.1052, Snp.1060; Dhp.238, Dhp.348 cp. jāti ādinā nihīna Pv-a.198
      ■ Other phrases & applications: Various rebirths are seen by one who has perfect insight into all happening & remembers his former existences (DN.i.81; DN.iii.50; AN.i.164; MN.ii.20) Arahantship implies the impossibility of a future rebirth: see formula khīṇā jāti (MN.i.139; Snp.p.16, etc. and arahant ii.A: jātiyā parimuccati SN.i.88; jātiṃ bhabbo pahātuṃ AN.v.144 sq
      ■ antimā jāti the last rebirth DN.ii.15 (cp. carima); purimā j. a former existence Pv-a.1; atītajātiyaṃ in a former life (= pure Pv-a.10. On jāti as dukkha see Vism.498–Vism.501

2. descent, race, rank, genealogy (cp. φυή, genus), often combined w. gotta. Two grades of descent are enumerated at Vin.iv.6 as hīnā jāti (low birth), consisting of Candāḷa, Veṇa, Nesāda, Rathakāra & Pukkusa; and ukkaṭṭhā j. (superior birth), comprising Khattiyas Brāhmaṇas
   ■ The var. meanings of jāti are given by Bdhgh at Vism.498, Vism.499 in the foll. classification (with examples) bhava, nikāya, sankhata-lakkhaṇa paṭisandhi, pasūti, kula, ariya-sīla
   ■ Kiṃ hi jāti karissati? What difference makes his parentage DN.i.121; jāti-rājāno kings of birth, genuine kings Ja.i.338; na naṃ jāti nivāresi brahmalok’ ûpapattiyā Snp.139; jātiṃ akkhāhi tell me the rank of his father mother Snp.421, Snp.1004; Snp.462 ; na jaccā vasalo hoti Snp.136; Snp.142; id. w. brāhmaṇo Snp.650; with nāma gotta in the description of a man jātiyā nāmena gottena etc. Vin.iv.6; jātito nāmato gottato by descent, personal & family name DN.ii.8; cp. jāti-gotta-kula Ja.ii.3 See also jāti-vāda.

3. a sort of, kind of (cp. jāta 3) catujātigandha four kinds of scent Ja.i.265; Ja.ii.291.

4. (jāti˚) by (mere) birth or nature, natural (opp artificial); or genuine, pure, excellent (opp. adulterated inferior), cp. jāta 1 (b) in compounds, like ˚maṇi, ˚vīṇā, etc.

• -kkhaya the destruction of the chance of being reborn SN.v.168; AN.i.167; Snp.209, Snp.517, Snp.743; Dhp.423.
• -khetta the realm of rebirth Pv-a.138 (= dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni);
• -thaddha conceited, proud of birth Snp.104 (+ dhanatthaddha, gotta˚: proud of wealth & name)
• -thera a Th. by rank DN.iii.218;
• -nirodha the extermination of (the cause of) rebirth Vin.i.1≈;
• -pabhava the origin or root of existence Snp.728;
• -puppha nutmeg Ja.vi.367;
• -bhaya the fear of rebirth AN.ii.121;
• -bhūmi natural ground, in ˚bhūmaka, ˚bhūmika, ˚bhūmiya living on nat. gr. (vassaṃ vasati) MN.i.145; AN.iii.366
• -kkhaya the destruction of the chance of being reborn SN.v.168; AN.i.167; Snp.209, Snp.517, Snp.743; Dhp.423.
• -maya constituting birth, being like birth Thag-a.285;
• -vāda reputation of birth, character of descent, parentage. The 1st of the 5 characteristics constituting a “well-bred brahmin: yāva sattamā pitāmahāyugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena “of unblemished parentage back to the 7th generation” DN.i.120, etc. (= DN-a.i.281) AN.i.166; AN.iii.152, AN.iii.223; Snp.315, Snp.596. Cp. gotta-vāda (e.g. DN.i.99);
• -vibhaṅga a characteristic of birth, a distinction in descent Snp.600;
• -vīṇā a first-class lute Ja.ii.249;
• -sampanna endowed with (pure) birth (in phrase khattiyo muddhâvasitto j.˚) AN.iii.152;
• -sambhava the origin of birth AN.i.142; AN.iii.311; Ja.i.168
• -sambheda difference of rank Dhp-a.i.166;
• -saṃsāra the cycle of transmigration, the saṃsāra of rebirths (see above 1 d. f.): pahīna left behind, overcome (by an Arahant) MN.i.139; AN.iii.84, AN.iii.86; ˚ṃ khepetvā id. Thig.168; vitiṇṇo j.˚ n’ atthi tassa punabbhavo Snp.746
• -sindhava a well-bred horse Ja.ii.97;
• -ssara the remembrance of (former) births (˚ñāṇa) Ja.i.167; Ja.iv.29; Dhp-a.ii.27; Dhp-a.iv.51; cp. cutûpapāta-ñāṇa);
• -hiṅgulaka (& hingulikā) natural vermilion Ja.v.67; Vv-a.4, Vv-a.168 Vv-a.324.

see janati & cp. Gr.; γενεά, γένεσις; Lat. gens; Goth. kind-ins