to speak, say, call;
pres not found (for which vadati);
fut 1^st sg. vakkhāmi Ja.i.346 3^rd vakkhati SN.i.142; Ja.i.356; Ja.ii.40; Ja.vi.352; Vb-a.51 1 …

adjective low, only in comb^n. uccāvacā (pl.) high and low, see ucca. Kvu-a.38.

der. fr. ava after the analogy of ucca → ut

…See the foll.:
avakappanā harnessing: okappanā confidence;
avakkanti (not Sk.): okkanti appearance;
avakkhitta…

Apa˚

Well-defined directional prefix, meaning “away from, off” Usually as base-prefix (except with ā), & very seldom in comp^n. with other modifying prefixes (like sam, abhi etc.).

1. *a …

Initial o in Pali may represent a Vedic o or a Vedic au (see ojas, ogha, etc.). Or it may be guṇa of u (see oḷārika opakammika, etc.). But it is usually a prefix representing Vedi …

Ud-

prefix in verbal & nominal comb^n. One half of all the words beginning with u˚ are comb^ns. with ud˚, which in comp^n. appears modified according to the rules of as …

…of vavakassati (vi + ava + kassati), supplementing the ordinary apakassati. See meaning &…

Ocināti (ocinati)

1. = Sk. avacinoti, ava + ci¹ to gather, pluck, pick off Dhp-a.i.366; also in pp. ocita.
2. Sk. avacinoti or ˚ciketi ava + ci², cp. ap …

Ogāhati (ogāheti)

to plunge or enter into, to be absorbed in (w. acc. or loc.). Pv.ii.12#11; Vv.6#1 (= anupavisati Vv-a.42), Vv.39#2 (sālavanaṃ o = pavisati Vv-a.177). ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkhara …

adjective low, inferior, blamable bad, deprecable Dhp.318, Dhp.319; Dhs.1160. More fig. in neg. form anavajja blameless, faultless DN.i.70 (= anindita DN-a.i.183); AN.ii.26 = Iti.102; Snp.47 (˚bhoj …

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

A. Prep. and pref. of direction & place:

1. as direction denoting a movement towards a definite end or goal up to, over, toward, to, on (see C 1a.)
2. as place where (prep. c. loc. or abs.) = …

Abhi-

I. Meaning

1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering, as contained in E. coming by and over-coming, thus literally having the function of facing …

Ogāhati (ogāheti)

to plunge or enter into, to be absorbed in (w. acc. or loc.). Pv.ii.12#11; Vv.6#1 (= anupavisati Vv-a.42), Vv.39#2 (sālavanaṃ o = pavisati Vv-a.177). ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkhara …

sundown, sunset, acc. -ṃ as adv. at or with sundown Ja.v.56 (anāvasūraṃ metrically).

ava + sūra; ava here in function of *avaṃs see ava ii

adjective

clean, white, prominently applied to the dress as a sign of distinction (white), or special purity at festivities, ablutions & sacrificial functions DN.ii.18 (uṇṇā, of the Buddha), DN.iii.2 …

Ocināti (ocinati)

1. = Sk. avacinoti, ava + ci¹ to gather, pluck, pick off Dhp-a.i.366; also in pp. ocita.
2. Sk. avacinoti or ˚ciketi ava + ci², cp. ap …

to go down, sink down, recede; of sun & moon: to set DN.i.240 (opp. uggacchati); AN.iv.101 (udakāni og.). See also ava˚.

ava + gacchati

Vo¹

indeclinable a particle of emphasis, perhaps = eva, or = vo² (as dative of interest). The Commentaries explain it as “nipāta,” i.e. particle. Thus at Snp. …

Ogādha¹

adjective immersed, entered; firm, firmly footed or grounded in (-˚), spelt ogāḷha Mil.1 (abhidhamma-vinay˚). Cp. BSk. avagādhaśrāddha of deep faith Divy.268. …

…& okantati

(okk˚) to cut off, cut out, cut away carve-(ava:) Ja.iv.155
pp avakanta & avakantita.

cp. Sk. avakṛntati, ava + kantati,…

covered, obstructed; always in comb^n. āvuta nivuta ophuṭa (oputa ovuta) DN.i.246 (T. ophuta, vv.ll. ophuṭa & opuṭa); MN.iii.131 (T. ovuṭa); Mnd.24 ovuṭa, variant reading SS ophuṭa); Cnd.3 …

1. kept back, restrained, subdued AN.iii.393.
2. imprisoned Ja.iv.4. See also ava˚.

fr. orundhati. In meaning equalling Sk. aparuddha as well as ava˚

Avassajati & ossajati

to let loose, let go, send off, give up, dismiss, release (ava) Ja.iv.425; Ja.v.487 (aor. avassaji read for avissaji).

ava + sṛj, perhaps ud + sṛj = Sk. utsṛjati, althoug …

(-˚) adjective in the idiom udarāvadehakaṃ bhuñjati, to eat one’s fill MN.i.102; Thag.935. Vism.33 has udarāvadehaka-bhojana, a heavy meal.

ava + deha + ka but more likely direct fr. ava + dih

Avatiṇṇa & otiṇṇa

fallen into, affected with (-˚), as ava˚; rare late or poetical form of o˚; e.g. Ja.v.98 (issâ˚). See otiṇṇa.

pp. of otarati

1. girdle, waistband MN.ii.47; Ja.iii.285 (variant reading ovaddhi˚); Vism.312; Dhp-a.ii.37 Dhp-a.iv.206; DN-a.i.218 (Morris, J.P.T.S. 1887, 156: a kind of bag).
2. a bracelet Vin.ii.106 (= vaḷayaṃ …

adjective “come down”, despised, low, unworthy MN.ii.210.

ava + bhūta, pp. of ava + bhū

adjective of bad omen, unlucky, infaustus (opp. abhimangala); nt. bad luck, ill omen Ja.i.372, Ja.i.402; Ja.ii.197; Ja.vi.10 Ja.vi.424; Dhp-a.iii.123; Pv-a.261. Cf. next.

ava + mangala, ava here i …

to drink from Ja.i.163.

ava + pā, cp. apapibati

to carry away or off, to take off
pp obhata.

ava + bharati, cp. Sk. avabharati = Lat. aufero

to drag away, remove Thig.444. See also ava˚. Okantati (okkant)

o + kaḍḍhati

…& okantati

(okk˚) to cut off, cut out, cut away carve-(ava:) Ja.iv.155
pp avakanta & avakantita.

cp. Sk. avakṛntati, ava + kantati,…

Avassajati & ossajati

to let loose, let go, send off, give up, dismiss, release (ava) Ja.iv.425; Ja.v.487 (aor. avassaji read for avissaji).

ava + sṛj, perhaps ud + sṛj = Sk. utsṛjati, althoug …

scorning, scornfulness Vb.353 (+ ohīḷattaṃ).

ava + hīḷanā, of hīḍ

straining, filtering (?) Ja.ii.288.

fr. ava + Caus. of sru to flow

Avatiṇṇa & otiṇṇa

fallen into, affected with (-˚), as ava˚; rare late or poetical form of o˚; e.g. Ja.v.98 (issâ˚). See otiṇṇa.

pp. of otarati

only as neg. an˚; the fact of not being despised inferior or surpassed, egotism, pride, arrogance Iti.72 Vb.350, Vb.356; -kāma (adj.) wishing not to be surpassed unvilling to be second, wanting t …

adverb the prep. ava in adv. use, down, downward; in C. often expl^d. by adho. Rarely absolute, the only passage found so far being Snp.685 (avaṃ sari he went down, variant …

covering up (entirely) Vb-a.493.

fr. vi + ava + chad

see ava˚, anu˚ (aor. anvakāsi), pari˚; otherwise kasati; cp. also kissati.

kṛṣ

Jhāyati¹

to meditate, contemplate think upon, brood over (c. acc.): search for, hunt after DN.ii.237 (jhānaṃ); SN.i.25, SN.i.57; AN.v.323 sq. (+ pa,˚ ni, ava˚); Snp.165, Snp.221, Snp.425, …

to pierce through Vism.304.

ava + vyadh

to succeed, to be accomplished, to avail suit Snp-a.310; Pv-a.58, Pv-a.113, Pv-a.254 (inf. sijjhituṃ)
pp siddha.

sidh; Epic Sk. sidhyate. The Dhtp gives 2 roots sidh, vi …

only in compounds ā˚, ava˚, etc.

Sk. stṛṇoti

to go away, disappear Ja.v.82.

vi + ava(= apa) + i, cp. apeti & veti;

to immerse MN.i.135 (vv.ll. upal˚ & opil˚); Ja.iv.162 (fig. put into the shade, overpower; variant reading upal˚). See also opilāpeti ubbillāvita.

Sk. avaplāvayati, Caus. of ava + plu, with subs …

to crush down AN.iv.191, AN.iv.193.

adhi + ava + mṛd

indeclinable copulative & adversative part.

1. after positive clauses, in enumerations, in the beginning & continuation of a story: and, and also, or and then, now DN.ii.2; DN.iii.152, DN.iii.199 (*a …

Uda¹

indeclinable disjunctive part. “or” either singly, as at Snp.455, Snp.955, Snp.1090; Ja.v.478 (variant reading udāhu); Mnd.445 (expl^d. as “padasandhi” with same formula as …

1. filled MN.i.387 (paripuṇṇa +); Dhp-a.iv.182 (pañca jātisatāni a.).
2. abbocchinna*, a + vi + ava + chinna] uninterrupted, constant, as -ṃ adv. in comb^n. wi …

adverb as long as the sun does not set, before sun-down Ja.v.56 (= anatthangata-suriyaṃ C. cp. Sk. utsūra.

an + ava + sūra = suriya, with ava lengthened to āva in verse

Paṭi-orohati

to descend from DN-a.i.251 (˚itvā).

paṭi + ava + ruh

Ano-

is a frequent form of comp^n. an-ava, see ava.

adjective high (opp. avaca low) DN.i.194; MN.ii.213; AN.v.82 (˚ṭhāniyaṃ nīce ṭhāne ṭhapeti puts on a low place which ought to be placed high); Pv.iv.7#4 (uccaṃ paggayha lifting high up = uccataraṃ kat …

to throw away, remove Snp.281 (variant reading BB & Snp-a ava˚; expl^d. by niddhamati & nikkaḍḍhati Snp-a.311)
ger apakassa Sn.ii.198 = Mil.389. See also *[apakāsat …

1. finished, concluded, satisfied, DN.ii.224; MN.i.12 (paripuṇṇa +).
2. [pp. of pari + ava + śri, cp. ajjhosita] fixed on, bent on Mil.140 (˚sankappa).

pp. of pari + ava + sā

arisen, come into being; appeared; produced, available

only at DN.iii.43 in phrase ˚ṃ āpajjati in meaning of “making a distinction,” being particular (about food: bhojanesu), having a dainty appetite; explained by “dve bhāge karoti” Bdhgh. It seems to sta …

adjective decided, resolute Snp-a.200.

pp. of vi + ava + sā (or śri?), cp. vyavasāna

to become clean or clear, to be purified or cleansed AN.v.169 (fig. saddhammassa), AN.v.317 (id.; explained by C. as “vodānaṃ gacchati”); Ja.ii.418 (of a precious stone).

vi + ava + dā⁴ to clean

one who has attained (relative) achievement perfected, accomplished, mastering, in phrase abhiññā˚ one who masters special knowledge SN.i.167; Dhp.423; Iti.47 = Iti.61 = Iti.81; AN.i.165; cp. Dhp-a …

relinquishing, relaxation; handing over, donation, gift (see on term as ethical Bdhgh at K.S. i.321) DN.iii.190 (issariya˚ handing over of authority), DN.iii.226; SN.iv.365 sq.; SN.v.63 sq., SN.v.35 …

Ūhanati¹

to disturb, shake up, defile, soil MN.i.243; Ja.ii.73
pass aor. ūhani: see ūhaññati
pp ūhata² (q.v.). Cp. sam˚.

ud + han

Ūhanati²

1. to cut off, d …

Ūhacca¹

indeclinable

1. lifting up, raising or rising Ja.iii.206.
2. pulling out, taking away, removing DN.ii.254 (cp. Dhp-a.ii.181); SN.i.27 (variant reading for ohacca); Snp.1119 (= ud …

1. to reflect upon, notice, take in advert to, catch (a sound), listen Ja.i.81; Ja.ii.423; Ja.v.3; Mil.106.
2. to remove, upset (a vessel), pour out Vin.i.286 (kumbhiṃ); Ja.ii.102 (gloss āsiñcati)

ca …

to laugh at, deride, mock AN.iii.91; Ja.v.452 (+ pahasati); Pp.67 (= avahasati Pp-a.249).

either ud or ava + has, cp. avahasati