A. Prep. and pref. of direction & place:

1. as direction denoting a movement towards a definite end or goal up to, over, toward, to, on (see C 1a.)
2. as place where (prep. c. loc. or abs.) = …

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

adjective exceeding, extraordinary, superior, Pp.35; Vv-a.80 (= anadhivara, visiṭṭha); DN-a.i.141, DN-a.i.222; Dpvs.v.32 (an˚); Dhp-a.iii.238 Kp-a.193 (= anuttara); Sdhp.337, Sdhp.447
■ compar …

prep

1. as prefix to nouns (adjectives, adverbs) expresses: superiority, abundance.
2. as preverb to verbs and their derivatives expresses: up to, towards, into; over, above; in addition to.
3. as se …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Bodhi¹

feminine (supreme knowledge, enlightenment, the knowledge possessed by a Buddha (see also sambodhi & sammā-sambodhi) MN.i.356; MN.ii.95 = DN.iii.237 (saddho h …

adjective noun masculine

Cases:
■ gen. dat. pañcannaṃ,
■ instr. abl pañcahi,
■ loc. pañcasu;
■ often used in compositional form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; G …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

Abhi-

I. Meaning

1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering, as contained in E. coming by and over-coming, thus literally having the function of facing …

Initial o in Pali may represent a Vedic o or a Vedic au (see ojas, ogha, etc.). Or it may be guṇa of u (see oḷārika opakammika, etc.). But it is usually a prefix representing Vedi …

Pali˚

round, around (= pari) only as prefix in cpds (q.v.). Often we find both pari˚ & pali˚ in the same word.

a variant of pari˚, to be referred to the Māgadhī dialect in which it is found most fre …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

Uttari (˚-) & Uttariṃ

adverb out, over, beyond; additional moreover, further, besides

1. uttariṃ: DN.i.71; MN.i.83 MN.iii.148; SN.iv.15; Snp.796 (uttariṃ kurute = uttariṃ karot …

expression, saying, opinion; only in tt. adhivuttipada (variant reading adhimutti-p. at all passages) DN.i.13 (expl^d. by adhivacana-pada DN-a.i.103); MN.ii.228; AN.v.36.

adhi + vut …

what is left over, addition, surplus Pv-a.18 (of “ca”), Pv-a.228 (˚to).

vi + atireka

addition DN-a.i.95; MN-a.i.2.

fr. saṃ + kal to produce

to crush down AN.iv.191, AN.iv.193.

adhi + ava + mṛd

additional food; accompaniment to a meal, condiment

1. (ind.) further, beyond (+ abl); more; in addition; most, exceedingly.
2. (mfn.) better, superior.

1. (adv.) up, above, upwards; upstream; further, in addition; afterwards, later (in a text).
2. (prep, or postp.)over, above; upon, on (+ gen. or loc.; occasionally + abl.; often written as cpd.).

adjective another, i.e. additional, following next, second (with pron. inflexion, i.e. nom. pl apare) DN.iii.190 (˚pajā another, i.e. future generation) Snp.791, Snp.1089 (n’); Ja.i.59 (aparaṃ divasaṃ …

combining, connection, addition Vism.159 (of “ca”); Kp-a.228 (id.); Dhs-a.171.

fr. saṃ + piṇḍ˚

1. (ind.) further, beyond (+ abl); more; in addition; most, exceedingly.
2. (mfn.) better, superior.

places upon; lays down, imposes; gives in addition, hands over; places under oneself, lies down upon

is produced (in addition); appears; is (re)born.

1. attendance, supervision, management of affairs, administration Pv-a.209.
2. relation, reference, reason, cause, consequence DN.ii.59 (-˚: in consequence of); SN.ii.41; SN.v.19. Esp. acc. -ṃ as …

Okāsa

1. lit. “visibility”, (visible) space as geometrical term, open space, atmosphere, air as space DN.i.34 (ananto okāso); Vism.184 (with disā pariccheda), Vism.243 (id.); Pv-a.14 (okāsaṃ pharitvā …

to predominate Ja.ii.357.

adhi + ā + bhū, in meaning of abhi + bhu

an additional share.

to concede, grant, admit, fut. anudassati Mil.276, Mil.375.

anu + dadāti

gives (in addition), hands over, provides; encourages, supports

bringing before the saṅgha, admitting; esp. re-admitting (a suspended bhikkhu) to the saṅgha; re-accepting (a layman, who had been disciplined).

an additional or supplemental rule

places upon; lays down, imposes; gives in addition, hands over; places under oneself, lies down upon

adjective very angry Ja.v.117.

adhi + kodhita

desired, wished, begged for DN.i.120.

pp. adhi + pattheti, cp. Sk. abhi + arthayati

to make obtain, to procure Pv-a.30.

adhi + gameti, Caus. of gacchati

gives (in addition), hands over, provides; encourages, supports

to flow, to trickle Thag-a.284.

adhi + ppa + gharati

an additional or supplemental rule

indeclinable with an addition of four, plus four.

having something beyond or in addition; and more; exceeding

places upon; lays down, imposes; gives in addition, hands over; places under oneself, lies down upon

Ajjh-

Assimilation group of adhi + vowel.

adjective being left, overflowing, additional, more Ja.i.400 (an˚); Dpvs.iv.45.

fr. avasesa²

Majjati¹

is represented in Pali by mujjati, as found esp. in cpds ummujjati & nimujjati.

majj to immerse, submerge, cp. Lat. mergo

Majjati²

to wipe, po …

to twist round, envelope, wrap, surround Ja.i.5, Ja.i.422; Mil.282
pass veṭhiyati: see *vi*˚
pp veṭhita
■ Cp. pali˚.

Vedic veṣṭate, *viṣṭ …

guarding, keeping Ja.i.158; Dhs.19, Dhs.82,295. Pali (Pali)

fr. pāleti cp. Epic Sanskrit pālana nt.

1. surrounding, enveloping Ja.vi.489.
2. a turban head-dress DN.i.126; AN.i.145; AN.iii.380 (sīsa˚); Ja.v.187; Dhp-a.iv.213; Pv-a.161.
3. wrapping, clothing, wrap shawl Ja.vi.12

■ Cp. *[pali˚](/de …

to bend oneself over, to go crooked MN.i.387.

pali + kujjati

to become, to be, exist, behave etc. (cp. Cnd.474 sambhavati jāyati nibbattati pātu-bhavati)

I. Forms

There are two bases used side by side, viz bhav˚; and (contracted) ho˚; the latte …

Ya˚

I. Forms

(See inflection also at Geiger, P.Gr. § 110.) The decl. is similar to that of ta˚ among the more rarely found forms we only mention the foll.
■ sg. nom. m. *[yo](/define/y …

LakkhīLacchī

Normally Lakkhī is the Pali equivalent of the goddess of luck, Lakśmī. However in the early texts the name only appears in one obscure Therīgāthā verse. Thig.421

is represented in Pali by kanta²; katta being found only in cpd. pari˚.

pp. of kantati²; cp. Sk. kṛtta

Raṃsi & Rasmi

a rein, a ray.

1. In meaning “rein only as rasmi, viz. at MN.i.124; Dhp.222; Ja.i.57; Ja.iv.149
2. In meaning “ray” both raṃsi and *[rasmi](/defin …

to be greedy Cnd.77 (abhigijjhati +).

pali + gijjhati

to obstruct, withhold etc.: see pali˚.

In Pali Literature the Asuras are classed among the inferior deities together with the supaṇṇas, gandhabbas, yakkhas, garuḍas and nāgas. Rebirth as an Asura is considered as one of the four …

Raṃsi & Rasmi

a rein, a ray.

1. In meaning “rein only as rasmi, viz. at MN.i.124; Dhp.222; Ja.i.57; Ja.iv.149
2. In meaning “ray” both raṃsi and *[rasmi](/defin …

to go to meet, to receive Ja.iv.440.

cp. Sk. abhyupeti; adhi + upa + i

1. to look on AN.i.257; Mil.275.
2. to look on intently or with care, to oversee, to take care of AN.iv.45 (kaṭṭh’aggi, has to be looked after); Pv-a.149 (sisaṃ colaṃ vā).
3. to look on indifferently …

to take (food) to oneself Ja.ii.293 (aor. ajjhupāhari = ajjhohari C.).

adhi + upa + hṛ; cp. upaharati

consent, agreement, justification Vin.ii.97, Vin.ii.104.

adhi + upa + gam

to come to, to reach, obtain; to consent to, agree, submit Thig.474 (= sampaṭicchati Thag-a.285); Ja.ii.403; Mil.300; pp. ajjhupagata (q.v.).

adhi + upa + gam

to bring to Pv-a.148 (gāmaṃ), where we should read ˚ṭṭhapeti.

adhi + ava + ṭhapeti, Caus. of sthā

hanging on, cleaving to, being bent on, (c. loc.) SN.ii.94 (+ mamāyita); AN.ii.25 (diṭṭha suta muta +); Mnd.75 Mnd.106, Mnd.163 = Nd ii under nissita; Thig.470 (asāre = taṇhāvasena abhiniviṭṭha Thag …

to cover over, spread out, spread over, cover; to submerge, flood Vin.i.111; Ja.i.61, Ja.i.72, Ja.i.73; Mil.296, Mil.336; Dhp.i.264; Pass. -tthariyati to be overrun with (instr.), to be smothered, …

Ajjhogāhati & ˚gāheti

to plunge into, to enter, to go into DN.i.101 (vanaṃ), DN.i.222 (samuddaṃ); MN.i.359, MN.i.536; AN.iii.75 AN.iii.368; AN.iv.356; AN.v.133; Vin.iii.18; Ja.i.7; Mnd.152 (ogāhati \ …

to be bound to, to be attached, bent on; to desire, cleave to, indulge in. Fut. ajjhosissati (does it belong here?) MN.i.328 (c. acc. paṭhaviṃ, better as ajjhesati). grd. ajjhositabha MN.i.109 (+ …

? only found in one stock phrase, viz. gathita (q.v.) mucchita ajjhopanna with ref. to selfishness, greed bonds of craving. The reading ajjhopanna is the lectio difficilior, bu …

stiffened out (in a swoon), lying in a faint (?) AN.iii.57 sq (variant reading ajjhomuñcïta or ˚muccita better: sarīre attached to her body, clinging to her b.).

pp. adhi + ava + mūrch, cp. adhimuccita

to hang or hold on to (acc.), to cling to SN.iii.137; MN.iii.164 = Ne.179 cp. Sdhp.284 & Sdhp.296.

adhi + ava + lamb

the open air, only in loc. ajjhokāse in the open Vin.i.15; SN.i.212; Dhp-a.iv.100.

adhi + okāsa

to swallow, eat, take as food MN.i.245; Ja.i.460; Ja.ii.293 Ja.vi.205, Ja.vi.213; Mil.366; Pv-a.283 (aor.)
pp ajjhohaṭa (q.v.).

Sk. abhyavaharati; adhi (= abhi) + ava + hṛ.

to overcome, overpower, destroy Ja.ii.80 (aor. ajjhobhavi = adhibhavi C.).

adhi + ava + bhu, Sk. abhi˚

Ajjhogāhati & ˚gāheti

to plunge into, to enter, to go into DN.i.101 (vanaṃ), DN.i.222 (samuddaṃ); MN.i.359, MN.i.536; AN.iii.75 AN.iii.368; AN.iv.356; AN.v.133; Vin.iii.18; Ja.i.7; Mnd.152 (ogāhati \ …

1. to attain to, obtain, produce Dhs-a.167 (= nipphādeti).
2. to admit to bhikkhuship, to ordain Vin.iv.130, Vin.iv.226, Vin.iv.317 (= vutṭhāpeti); grd. -etabba Vin.i.64 sq.; Vin.iv.48; AN.v.72.

…

he came to, got to, found, obtained, experienced SN.i.12 (vimānaṃ); Snp.225 (expl^d. at Kp-a.180 by vindi paṭilabhi), Snp.956 (ratiṃ; expl^d. at Mnd.457 by adhigacchi); Iti.69 (jā …

to request, ask, bid Dhp-a.iv.18; aor. ajjhesi Vin.ii.200; pp ajjhiṭṭha & ajjhesita; (q.v.), with which cp. pariyiṭṭha & ˚esita.

adhi + iṣ; cp. BSk. adhyeṣate Divy.160

ascent, ascending; in dur˚; hard to ascend Mil.322.

fr. adhi + ruh

resolve, intention, disposition DN.i.174; AN.v.36; Pts.i.124; Mil.161, Mil.169; Vb.340 Vb.341; DN-a.i.44, DN-a.i.103; Sdhp.378.

adhi + mutti

undue estimate of oneself MN.ii.252; AN.v.162 sq.

adhi + māna

to come to, reach, attain AN.iv.96 (anatthaṃ); pp. adhipanna.

adhi + pajjati

gone into, affected with, seized by (-˚), a victim of (c. loc.) SN.i.72 Thig.345 (kāmesu); Snp.1123 (taṇhā˚ = taṇhânugata Cnd.32); Dhp.288; Ja.iii.38, Ja.iii.369; Ja.iv.396; Ja.v.91, Ja.v.379 (= dose …

to fly past, vanish Ja.iv.111 (= ativiya patati sīghaṃ atikkamati C.)
caus adhipāteti (q.v.) in diff. meaning. Cp. also adhipāta.

adhi + patati

noun adjective

1. ruler, master Ja.iv.223; Vv.81#1; Mil.388; Dhp-a.i.36 (= seṭṭha).
2. ruling over, governing, predominant; ruled or governed by Vb.216 sq. (chandaṃ adhipatiṃ katvā making energy pre …

moth, a mosquito Mnd.484 (see adhipāta²).

fr. adhipāta²

higher wisdom or knowledge, insight (cp. jhāna & paññā); usually in comb^n. with adhicitta & adhisīla Vin.i.70; DN.i.174; DN.iii.219 (˚sikkhā); AN.i.240; AN.ii.92 sq., AN.ii.239; AN.iii.106 …

1. desired, approved of, agreeable DN.i.120; DN.ii.236; Vv-a.312, Vv-a.315.
2. meant, understood intended as Ja.iii.263; Pv-a.9, Pv-a.80, Pv-a.120, Pv-a.164.

Sk. abhipreta, adhi + ppa + *[i]( …

1. intention, wish desire SN.i.124; SN.v.108; AN.ii.81; AN.iii.363 (bhoga˚), AN.v.65; Ja.i.79, Ja.i.83; Sdhp.62. As adj. (-˚) desiring Pv-a.226 (hass˚ in play = khiḍḍatthika).
2. sense, meaning conc …

distinction, difference, peculiarity, special meaning MN.i.46; SN.iii.66; SN.iv.208; AN.i.267; AN.iv.158; AN.v.48 sq.

adhi + pāyosa

the higher, moral, code Vin.v.1 (pāṭim˚ +); MN.ii.245 (+ ajjhājīva).

adhi + pāṭimokkha