nurse; a wet-nurse.

wet nurse, foster-mother DN.ii.19; MN.i.395 MN.ii.97; Ja.i.57; Ja.iii.391; Pv-a.16, Pv-a.176. In compounds dhāti˚; viz. -cela swaddling cloth, baby’s napkin SN.i.205; Ja.iii.30 …

increases, grows more and more; grows higher than, outgrows (+ acc.).

follows; keeps close to, attends closely; pursues.

applies to, connects with, fixes on; aims at; conforms to

wards off; keeps clear of, avoids.

draws away; takes off; removes; extracts; picks out.

pulls or presses too much or very much; harasses (?).

is slow; is sluggish; delays.

nurse’s garment.

1. prospers, grows strong; becomes happy.
2. finds; obtains.

stands firm; has a firm footing.

binds fast; ties up tightly.

binds, ties; fetters; fixes.

(~antī)n. of nikkaḍḍhati

of nikkaḍḍhati

of nikkaḍḍhati

drags out; draws out; throws out, ejects.

of nikkaḍḍhati

of nikkaḍḍhati

of nikkaḍḍhati

of nikkaḍḍhati

prevents; prohibits; suppresses.

drags away, drags off.

covers; stretches over (trans.)

encloses, shuts in; confines; restrains

encloses, shuts in; confines; restrains

puts off postpones (the beginning of the rainy season residence).

draws towards; drags away to, drags near.

nurses a grudge; feels resentment (against, loc.)

ties, fastens, attaches; connects (+loc. or instr.).

stops, obstructs; besieges; molests, troubles

stops, obstructs; besieges; molests, troubles

stops, obstructs; besieges; molests, troubles

oppresses, molests; pains, distresses.

(from ākaḍḍhati) dragging to, drawing towards; pulling, pulling about; drawing out; bending (a bow).

drags, pulls; pulls near, draws (towards oneself), attracts; supplies (an omitted, understood word); draws out, brings about; bends (a bow); draws (a line), scratches.

Abhi-

I. Meaning

1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering, as contained in E. coming by and over-coming, thus literally having the function of facing …

to overcome, master, be lord over, vanquish, conquer SN.i.18, SN.i.32, SN.i.121 (maraṇaṃ); SN.iv.71 (rāgadose), SN.i.117 (kodhaṃ), SN.i.246, SN.i.249 (sāmikaṃ); Ja.i.56 Ja.i.280; Pv-a.94 (= balīyati, …

to have faith in, believe in (c. acc.) believe SN.v.226; Thag.785; Pv.iv.1#13, Pv.iv.1#25 (˚saddaheyya paṭiñeyya Pv-a.226); Ne.11; Mil.258; Pv-a.26 Dāvs iii.58.

abhi + saddahati, cp. Sk. abhiśradd …

adjective noun increasing (trs.), augmenting; f. ˚ī Sdhp.68.

fr. abhivaḍḍhati

1. to increase (intrs.) DN.i.113, DN.i.195 (opp. hāyati); MN.ii.225; AN.iii.46 (bhogā a.); Dhp.24; Mil.374; Pv-a.8, Pv-a.133; Sdhp.288, Sdhp.523.
2. to grow over or beyond, to outgrow Ja.iii.399 (va …

grown up Mil.361.

pp. of abhivaḍḍhati, see also ˚*vuḍḍha*

increased, enriched Pv-a.150.

pp. of abhivaḍḍhati, see also ˚*vuddha*

3^rd sg. aor. of ajjhodahati to put down Ja.v.365 (= odahi, ṭhapesi C.). Kern, Toev s. v. proposes reading ajjhavādahi (= Sk. avādhāt).

Sk. adhyavadhāti

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

following, standing behind (piṭṭhito) DN.i.1, DN.i.226.

pp. of anubandhati

at Pv-a.56 is faulty reading for anubandhati (q.v.).

that which connects or follows, connection, consequence Ja.vi.526 (˚dukkha).

fr. anubandhati

to follow, run after, pursue Ja.i.195; Ja.ii.230; Ja.vi.452 (= anujavati); Pv-a.56 (substitute for anubajjhanti!), Pv-a.103, Pv-a.155. aor. -bandhi Ja.ii.154, Ja.ii.353 Ja.iii.504; Pv-a.260 (= …

awakening; perception, recognition, understanding SN.i.126 (?) = AN.v.46 (anubodhiṃ as aor. of anubodhati?); Pp.21; Mil.233. Freq. in comp^n. ananubodha (adj.) not understanding, not knowi …

awakening, understanding, recognition Pts.i.18 (bodhana +).

fr. anubodhati

to wake up, to realise, perceive, understand; aor. anubodhiṃ AN.v.46 (?) = SN.i.126 (anubodhaṃ)
caus -bodheti to awaken, fig. to make see to instruct Ja.vi.139 (˚ayamāna)
pp *[anubuddha](/defin …

1. awakened (act. & pass.), recognised, conceived, seen, known DN.ii.123 (˚ā ime dhammā); SN.i.137 (dhammo vimalen’ ânubuddho ii.203; iv.188; AN.ii.1; AN.iii.14; AN.iv.105; Snp-a.431. In phrase *budd …

to run after, to hasten after, to follow Ja.vi.452 (= anubandhati).

anu + javati

(anuppa˚) feminine continuance, incessance, Pp.18 = Vb.357 (in exegesis of upanāha).

abstr. fr. anupabandhati

(anuppa˚) to follow immediately, to be incessant, to keep on (without stopping), to continue Mil.132
caus -āpeti ibid.

anu + pa + bandhati

Apa˚

Well-defined directional prefix, meaning “away from, off” Usually as base-prefix (except with ā), & very seldom in comp^n. with other modifying prefixes (like sam, abhi etc.).

1. *a …

to throw away, remove Snp.281 (variant reading BB & Snp-a ava˚; expl^d. by niddhamati & nikkaḍḍhati Snp-a.311)
ger apakassa Sn.ii.198 = Mil.389. See also *[apakāsat …

to draw away, take off, remove DN.i.180; DN.iii.127; Dhp-a.ii.86. Caus. apakaḍḍhāpeti Ja.i.342; Ja.iv.415; Mil.34
■ Cp apakassati; & see pakattheti …

Apanidahati & apanidheti

to hide, conceal Vin.iv.123 (˚dheti ˚dheyya, ˚dhessati); Pv-a.215 (˚dhāya ger.)
pp apanihita
caus apanidhāpeti to induce somebody to conceal Vin …

Apanidahati & apanidheti

to hide, conceal Vin.iv.123 (˚dheti ˚dheyya, ˚dhessati); Pv-a.215 (˚dhāya ger.)
pp apanihita
caus apanidhāpeti to induce somebody to conceal Vin …

Apiḷahati & Apiḷandhati

to tie on, fasten, bind together; to adorn oneself with (acc.) Ja.v.400 (ger. apiḷayha = piḷandhitvā C.)-Cp. apiḷandhana & pp apiladdha.

Sk. apinahyati, on n: ḷ see note on …

adjective at Vv.36#1 should be read as apiḷaddha (= Sk. apinaddha) pp. of apiḷandhati (apiḷandhati) “adorned with”, or (with variant reading SS) as apiḷandhana; Vv-a.167 ex …

that which is tied on, i.e band, ornament, apparel, parure Vv.64#10, Vv.64#18 (expl^d. inacurately at Vv-a.279 by; a-kāro nipātamattaṃ, pilandhanaṃ = ābhāraṇaṃ); Ja.vi.472 (c. pilandhituṃ …

Apiḷahati & Apiḷandhati

to tie on, fasten, bind together; to adorn oneself with (acc.) Ja.v.400 (ger. apiḷayha = piḷandhitvā C.)-Cp. apiḷandhana & pp apiladdha.

Sk. apinahyati, on n: ḷ see note on …

indeclinable adv. and prep of direction (forward motion), in primary meaning “on and further”, then “up to and beyond”.

I. in abstr position

adverbially (only as ttg.): in excess, extremel …

tied to, coupled Ja.i.192 = Vin.iv.5.

pp. of atibandhati; cp. Sk. anubaddha

to tie close to, to harness on, to couple Ja.i.191 sq
pp atibaddha q.v.

ati + bandhati; cp. Sk. anubandhati

to pull too hard, to labour, trouble, drudge Vin.iii.17.

ati + kaḍḍhati

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

(-˚) to realise, perceive, pay attention to Ja.iii.151 nâva˚).

cp. Sk. avabodhati

of vadhati
■ At Dhp-a.ii.73 avadhi = odhi.

adjective not to be killed or destroyed, inviolable Snp.288; Ja.v.69; Ja.vi.132.

grd of a + vadhati, Sk. vadhya, vadh

Avakassati & okassati

to drag down, to draw or pull away, distract, remove
■ AN.v.74 = Vin.ii.204 (+ vavakassati).

cp. Sk. avakarṣati, ava + kṛṣ; see also apakassati & avakaḍḍhati

Ne.4 (avakaḍḍhayitvā). Pass.; avakaḍḍhati Ja.iv.415 (hadayaṃ me a. my heart is weighed down = sokena avakaḍḍhīyati C; variant reading avakassati)
pp *[avakaḍḍhita](/define/a …

pulled down, dragged away Dhp-a.iii.195.

pp. of avakaḍḍhati

1. Doubtful reading at Vin.iv.181, apparently meaning ʻin revolt, out of hand’ (of slaves)
2. [late form of oruddha] restrained Sdhp.592.

fr. avarundhati

to expel, remove, banish Ja.vi.505 (= nīharati C.), Ja.vi.515 See also avarundhati.

Sk. aparundhati; ava + ruddhati of rudh

to put under restraint to put into one’s harem as subsidiary wife.

ava + rundhati. Only referred to by Dhp. in his Cy (Thag-a.271) on oruddha

to pull, drag, pull along to turn on a lathe DN.ii.291 (bhamakāro dīghaṃ a., where K has note: añjanto ti pi acchanto ti pi pātho) = MN.i.56 (vv.ll. MN.i.532 acch˚ & añj˚); Thag.750 (añcāmi T., v.l añ …

Baddha¹

1. bound, in bondage MN.i.275; SN.i.133; SN.iv.91; Snp.957 (interpreted as “baddhacara by Mnd.464); Dhp.324.
2. snared, trapped Ja.ii.153 Ja.iii.184; Ja.iv.251, Ja.iv.414.
3. made f …

see bandhati.

Pass. of bandhati (q.v.).

adjective

1. to be bound or fettered Mil.186.
2. apt to bind, binding, constraining DN.ii.337 (cp. Dial. ii.361); Thig.356.

grd. of bandhati

to bind etc.

I. Forms

imper bandha DN.ii.350; pl. bandhantu Ja.i.153.
pot bandheyya SN.iv.198; Vin.iii.45
fut bandhayissati Mhvs.24.6;
aor abandhi Ja.iii. …

1. a relation, relative, kinsman; pl. bandhū Ja.iv.301; Pv-a.86 (= ñātī) & bandhavo Cnd.455 (where Mnd.11 in id. p. reads bandhū)
   ■ Ādicca˚; kinsman of the Sun an epithet of the Buddha Vin …

collection of goods, heap, bundle; bhaṇḍikaṃ karoti to make into a heap Ja.iii.221, Ja.iii.437; or bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhati to tie into a bundle Dhp-a.ii.254; Vv-a.187. sahassa˚; a heap of 1,000 kah …

(Bhīyo, Bhīyyo)

1. (adj.) more Snp.61 (dukkham ettha bhiyyo), Snp.584 (id.), Snp.306 (bh. taṇhā pavaḍḍhatha); Dhp.313 (bh. rajan ākirate), Dhp.349 (bh. taṇhā pavaḍḍhati).
2. (adv.) in a higher degree …

to obstruct, withhold etc.: see pali˚.

aged, old DN.ii.162; Ja.i.164 (˚pabbajita one who has become an ascetic in his old age). Compar. buḍḍhatara Dhp-a.ii.239 (variant reading K.B.S. vuḍḍhatara).

for vuḍḍha, pp. …

to press, weigh on; oppress, hinder afflict, harm DN.ii.19; Ja.i.211; Ja.iv.124; Vism.400; Dhp-a.i.24. grd. bādhitabba Thag-a.65; Pass. bādhiyati to be afflicted, to become sore, to suffer Snp- …

1. to oppress, afflict, hurt, injure Ja.vi.224; Pv-a.198 (bādheyya = heṭhayeyya). grd. bādhanīya Pv-a.175. Cp. paribādheti in same sense.
2. to bind, catch, snare Thag.454 …

oppressed, pressed hard, harassed Dhp.342 (but taken by C. as “trapped, snared,” baddha Dhp-a.iv.49); Thag-a.65.

pp. of bādhati

cloth, esp. clothes worn, garment, dress AN.i.206; Pv.ii.12#7 (kañcanā˚ for kañcana˚); Pv.iii.9#3 (for veḷa); dhāti˚ baby’s napkin Ja.iii.539. In simile of one whose clothes are on fire (āditta˚ + ād …

to be frightened Dhp-a.iv.52 (+ vedhati).

see chambheti

Dahati¹

(dahate) to put, place; take for (acc or abl.), assume, claim, consider DN.i.92 (okkākaṃ pitāmahaṃ = ṭhapeti DN-a.i.258); SN.iii.113 (mittato daheyya) AN.iv.239 (cittaṃ d. fix the …

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

wealth, usually wealth of money, riches, treasures

1. Lit. DN.i.73 (sa˚); MN.ii.180.; AN.iii.222; AN.iv.4 sq. Cnd.135 (+ yasa, issariya etc.) Thig.464 (+ issariya) Ja.i.225 (paṭhavigataṃ karoti: …

*Dhayati

to suck: see dhātī. Caus. dhāpayati, pp. dhāta (q.v.).

…at Vism.313.

Sk. dhenu, to dhayati to give suck, see dhātī & dhītar

adjective noun (adj.) holding, containing (-˚) MN.i.11 (ahi kaṇṭaka˚; cp ādhāna & kaṇṭaka)
■ (n.) nt. a receptacle Dhp.58 (sankāra˚ dust-heap = ṭhāna Dhp-a.i.445). f. dhānī a seat (= ṭhāna), in …

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

…orig. pp. of dhayati to suck (cp. Lat. filia): see dhāta & dhātī, inflūenced in inflection by Sk. duhitṛ, although…

…orig. pp. of dhayati to suck (cp. Lat. filia): see dhāta & dhātī, inflūenced in inflection by Sk. duhitṛ, although…

to prosper, succeed in, increase SN.i.217 (sukhaṃ); Snp.298; Dhp.193; Ja.i.223; Ja.iii.151. sukh˚edhita at Vin.iii.13 is better read as sukhe ṭhita as at Ja.vi.219.

edh, cp. iddhati

adjective noun a householder, one who leads a domestic life, a layman (opp. pabbajita & paribbājaka). Geu. sg. gihissa (DN.iii.147, DN.iii.167) & gihino (DN.iii.174); n. pl. gihī; in compounds *gihī …

to stand fast, to be on firm ground, to have a firm footing: āpo ca paṭhavī ca tejo vāyo na gādhati “the four elements have no footing DN.i.223 = SN.i.15
■ Dhamma-Vinaye gādhati “to stand fast in t …

adjective

1. [cp. gādha²] strong, tight, close; thick. In phrase pacchābāhaṃ g˚ bandbanaṃ bandhati to pinion the arms tightly DN.i.245; AN.ii.241; Ja.i.264; Pv-a.4. Of an illness (gāḷhena …

gone to the heart, learnt by heart Mil.10 -gama [˚ngama] heart-stirring, pleasant, agreeable DN.i.4; DN.iii.173; MN.i.345; AN.ii.209; AN.v.205; Vin.iii.77 Mnd.446; Dhs.1343; DN-a.i.75. *-[pariḷā …

Itthi & Itthī

feminine woman female; also (usually as-˚) wife. Opp. purisa man (see e.g. for contrast of itthi and purisa Ja.v.72, Ja.v.398; Ne.93; Dhp-a.i.390; Pv-a.153)
■ SN.i.33 (nibbānass’ e …

Itthi & Itthī

feminine woman female; also (usually as-˚) wife. Opp. purisa man (see e.g. for contrast of itthi and purisa Ja.v.72, Ja.v.398; Ne.93; Dhp-a.i.390; Pv-a.153)
■ SN.i.33 (nibbānass’ e …

to shake, move, turn about, stir DN.i.56; SN.i.107 SN.i.132, SN.i.181 (aniñjamāna ppr. med. “impassive”); SN.iii.211 Thag.42; Thag.2, Thag.231; Cnd. s.v. (+ calati vedhati); Vism.377; DN-a.i.167
p …

to shake, tremble, waver Kh.6; Ja.i.23; Snp.268 (expl. Kp-a.153: calati, vedhati) Bdhd 84
■ Cp. anu˚, pa˚, vi˚, sam˚
■ kampamāna (adj.) trembling Ja.iii.161; agitated, trou …

1. to draw out, drag, pull, tug Ja.i.193, Ja.i.225, Ja.i.265, Ja.i.273 (khaggaṃ k. to draw the sword).
2. to draw in, suck up (udakaṃ) Ja.iv.141.
3. to draw a line, to scratch Ja.i.78, Ja.i.111, Ja.i. …

Kulla¹

a raft (of basket-work) (orig. meaning “hollow shaft,” cp. Sk. kulya, bone; Lat. caulis stalk, Gr.καυλός, Ohg. hol, E. hollow) Vin.i.230; DN.ii.89 (kullaṃ bandhati); MN.i.134 (kull …

see nandhati & pilandhana. Concerning l → n cp.; laṅgula.

the tail of an animal Mhvs.6, Mhvs.6 (lāḷento langulaṃ; variant reading nangulaṃ) See also naṅgula & (concerning l → n); landhati (= nandhati); nalāṭa (for l …

1. streak, line Vv-a.277 (= rāji); canda˚; crescent moon [cp. Epic candralekhā Mbh 3, 1831] Vism.168; Dhs-a.151.
2. a scratch, line AN.i.283; Pp.32; Ja.vi.56 (lekhaṃ kaḍḍhati).
3. writing, inscrip …

greediness, covetousness, self-indulgence, desire; in the language of the Abhidhamma often syn. with jappā or taṇhā. At Dhs-a.365 loluppa is treated as an adj. …

couch, bed Vin.iv.39, Vin.iv.40 (where 4 kinds are mentioned which also apply to the defⁿ of pīṭha, viz. masāraka bundikābaddha, kuḷīra-pādaka, āhacca-pādaka; same def< …

torpor, stupidity, sluggishness DN.i.71 (thīna˚) Snp.437; AN.v.18; Dhs.1157; Mil.299, Mil.412 (appa˚ not slothful, i.e. diligent, alert); Vism.450 (˚rūpa; + rogarūpa, jātirūpa, etc., in def. of rūpa) …

I. Forms

The 2 bases muñc˚ & mucc˚; are differentiated in such a way, that muñc˚; is the active base, and mucc˚; the passive. There are however cases where the active forms (muñ …

meaning not so much “to bind as “to cover”: see apiḷandhati, upanandhati, onandhati pariyonandhati.

for nayhati, der. fr. naddha after analogy of baddha → bandhati

to tie, bind; only in comp. with prep. as upanayhati (cp. upāhanā sandal), pilandhati etc
pp naddha (q.v.). See also nandhi, nāha; onayhati unnahanā, piḷayhati.

Ved. nahyati, Id …

Ni˚

Nearly all (ultimately prob. all) words under this heading are compounds with the pref. ni.

A. Forms

1. Pāli ni˚; combines the two prefixes ni, nis (nir). They ar …

1. to bind Mil.79.
2. to mix, apply, prepare Vin.ii.151 (anibandhanīya unable to be applied, not binding); Ja.i.201 (yāgubhattaṃ).
3. to press, urge, importune Ja.iii.277.

ni + bandhati

to attend to, to look out for, to take Ja.iii.151 (= gaṇhati)
caus nibodheti to waken, at Thag.22 is probably to be read as vibodheti.

ni + bodhati

to lay down or aside, deposit; accumulate, hoard, bury (a treasure) Vin.i.46 (cīvaraṃ); Mil.271; ger. nidahitvā Pv-a.97 (dhanadhaññaṃ) & nidhāya Dhp.142, D …

to throw out Vin.iv.274 (Caus. nikkaḍḍhāpeti ibid.) Ja.i.116; Ja.ii.440; Snp-a.192. pp. nikkaḍḍhita.

Sk. niṣkarṣati, nis + kasati, cp. kaḍḍhati

adjective thrown out Ja.ii.103 (gehā); Pv-a.179 (read ḍḍh for ḍḍ).

Sk. *niṣkarṣita see nikkaḍḍhati

oppression, suppression; destruction, cessation annihilation (of senses, consciousness, feeling being in general: sankhārā). Bdhgh’s explⁿ of the word is: “ni-saddo abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo c …

past participle expelled, destroyed; vanished, ceased SN.iii.112; Dhs.1038.

pp. of nirundhati, cp. nirujjhati

to be broken up, to be dissolved, to be destroyed, to cease, die Vin.i.1; DN.i.180 sq., DN.i.215; DN.ii.157; SN.iii.93 (aparisesaṃ); SN.iv.36 sq., SN.iv.60, SN.iv.98, SN.iv.184 sq.; SN.iv.294, SN.iv.4 …

see nirujjhati, niruddha, nirodha & nirodheti. Cp. parirundhati.

to have need of to be in want of (c. gen.) Ja.v.90 (Com. explains by upatappati milāyati; thinking perhaps of nalo va chinno).

Sk. nādhate = nāthate (see nātha), only in nadhamān …

protector, refuge, help AN.v.23, AN.v.89; Dhp.160 (attā hi attano n.), Dhp.380; Snp.1131 (Nd ii.has nāga) Dhp-a.iv.117; Pv-a.1. lokanātha Saviour of the world (Ep. of the Budd …

to bind, to tie on to Vin.ii.116 (obandhitvā ger.).

o + bandhati

Okassati

to drag down, draw or pull away, distract, remove. Only in ger.; okassa, always comb^d. with pasayha “removing by force” DN.ii.74 (T. okk˚); AN.iv.16 (T. okk˚, variant reading ok …

Avakassati & okassati

to drag down, to draw or pull away, distract, remove
■ AN.v.74 = Vin.ii.204 (+ vavakassati).

cp. Sk. avakarṣati, ava + kṛṣ; see also apakassati & avakaḍḍhati

to drag away, remove Thig.444. See also ava˚. Okantati (okkant)

o + kaḍḍhati

bound, tied; put over, covered Vin.ii.150, Vin.ii.270 sq. (˚mañca, ˚pīṭha); MN.ii.64; Dhp.146 (andhakārena); Sdhp.182. See also onayhati.

pp. of onandhati

to bind, fasten; to cover up Vin.ii.150 (inf onandhituṃ); Mil.261.

o + nandhati, a secondary pres. form constructed from naddha after bandhati → baddha; see also apiḷandhati

obstruction; confinement, harem, seraglio Vin.ii.290; Vin.iv.261 (rāj’ orodhā harem-lady, concubine); Ja.iv.393, Ja.iv.404.

fr. orundhati; Sk. avarodha

1. kept back, restrained, subdued AN.iii.393.
2. imprisoned Ja.iv.4. See also ava˚.

fr. orundhati. In meaning equalling Sk. aparuddha as well as ava˚

to get, attain, take for a wife
ger orundhiya Ja.iv.480
aor oruddha Thig.445
pp oruddha. See also avarundhati.

cp. Sk. avarundhate

adjective noun

1. (nt.) awakening waking, arising Dhp-a.i.232 (˚codana-kamma).
2. (adj. arousing (or realising?) Vv.64#22 (= kata-pīti-pabodhano Vv-a.282); awaking Thag.893 (samma-tāḷa˚).

fr. pabodhati

to awake, also trs. awaken, stir up, give rise to (or: to recognise, realise?); only in one phrase (perhaps corrupt), viz. yo nindaṃ appabodhati SN.i.7 = Dhp.143 (= nindaṃ apaharanto bujjhati Dhp-a …

to draw out again Vin.ii.99.

paṭi + ukkaḍḍhati

obstruction, hindrance, obstacle, impediment, drawback Ja.i.148; Ja.iii.241 (a non-obstruction), Ja.iii.381 (id.); Ne.80; also in var. phrases viz. kāma˚ Cnd.374 (+ kāmapariḷāha); kula˚ cīvara Cnd.6 …

1. to obstruct refuse, keep back, hinder, withhold Vin.ii.166; Vin.iv.42 Vin.iv.131; Ja.i.217 (cp. paṭibāhati ibid.); Ja.iii.138 (aor. ˚buddhi.), Ja.iv.159; Mil.263.
2. to delay Mil.404 (or should we …

see palibuddhati.

1. sitting cross-legged, in instr.; pallaṅkena upon the hams SN.i.124, SN.i.144; and in phrase pallaṅkaṃ ābhujati “to bend (the legs) in crosswise” DN.i.71; MN.i.56; AN.iii.320; Ja.i.17, Ja.i.71; …

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

to decay, dwindle or waste away, come to ruin; to decrease, fall away from, lack; to be inferior, deteriorate Vin.i.5; MN.iii.46 sq. (opp. abhivaḍḍhati); SN.i.120, SN.i.137; SN.iii.125; SN.iv.76 sq.; …

1. to drag about SN.i.44, cp. Dhs-a.68.
2. sweep away, carry away Dhp-a.ii.275 (mah’ ogho viya parikassamāno, variant reading ˚kaḍḍhamāno)

pass parikissati (q.v.).

pari + …

to draw over or towards oneself, to win over seduce DN.ii.283 (purisaṃ); Mil.143 (janapadaṃ). Cp parikassati and samparikaḍḍhati.

pari + k˚, cp. …

to increase, to be happy or prosperous Mil.297 (cittaṃ p.; opp. pariyādiyati).

pari + vṛdh

covered over, enveloped DN.i.246; DN.iii.223 (a˚); MN.i.25; SN.v.263; AN.ii.211 (uddhasta +); AN.iv.86; Ja.i.30; Mil.161; Snp-a.596 (= nivuta); Dhp-a.iii.199; Pv-a.172 (taca˚).

pp. of pariyonandh …

to tie down, put over, envelop, cover up Vin.ii.137; SN.v.122; Ja.iii.398; Dhp-a.iii.153
pp pariyonaddha (q.v.).

pari + avanandhati

1. to put an end to exhaust, overpower, destroy, master, control SN.iii.155 (rāgaṃ); Nd ii.under parisahati
   pot -ādiyeyyaṃ Vin.i.25 (tejaṃ)
   ger -adiyitvā Vin.i.25 (tejaṃ), Vin.iv.109 ( …

grown up, increased, big, strong Ja.v.340 (˚kāya of huge stature; so read for pavaddha˚; explained as vaḍḍhita-kāya).

pp. of pavaḍḍhati

to grow up, to increase MN.i.7; SN.ii.84, SN.ii.92; Snp.306 (3^rd sg. praet. ˚atha); Dhp.282, Dhp.335 Dhp.349; Pp.64; Pv-a.8 (puññaṃ)
pp pavaḍḍha pavuddha.

pa + vṛdh

to be afflicted, to be frightened, to be agitated, quiver, tremble, fear Snp.928 (= tasati etc. Mnd.384); Vism.180 (reads pavedheti) Thag-a.203 (allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pavedhanto misreading for pavese …

to cause to tremble, to shake Ja.v.409. Cp. pavedhati
pp pavyadhita (q.v.).

Caus. of pa + vyath

indeclinable understanding fully, knowing well, realising, in full recognition, in thorough realisation or understanding. Used most frequently with yathābhūtaṃ (q.v. SN.i.13 (bhāveti), SN.i.44 (lokasm …

indeclinable directional prefix in well-defined meaning of “back (to), against towards, in opposition to, opposite.” As preposition (with acc. and usually postponed) towards, near by, at usually …

to hold back, refuse Ja.iv.134 (vetanaṃ na p. = aparihāpetvā dadāti).

paṭi + bandhati

warding off, prohibition Mil.314 (“resubjugation”); Snp-a.402 (with ref. to part “na”); Kp-a.170 (id.); Pv-a.11 (˚nipāta = “mā”); Vv-a.224.

fr. paṭi + sidh¹, sedhati drive off

(Caus.); -sedheti to ward off, prohibit, prevent, refuse SN.iv.341; Pv-a.11.

paṭi + sedhati

one who prohibits or refuses Ja.ii.123. = Ja.v.91.

n. ag. fr. paṭisedhati

indeclinable emphatic particle, as prefix only in pidahati and pilandhati where api˚ also is found (cp. api 1b).

1. also, and also, even so DN.i.1; Vin.i …

adjective (-˚) adorning or adorned Mil.336, Mil.337. Cp. apiḷandha.

fr. pilandhati

to adorn, put on, bedeck Mil.337; Ja.v.400. Caus. ii. pilandhāpeti Ja.i.386. Pilandhana & Pilandhana;

see apilandhati, api + nah

Piṭṭhi & Piṭṭhī

feminine

1. the back Vin.ii.200 (piṭṭhī); MN.i.354; Ja.i.207; Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.279. piṭṭhiṃ (paccāmittassa) passati to see the (enemy’s) back, i.e. to see the …

Piṭṭhi & Piṭṭhī

feminine

1. the back Vin.ii.200 (piṭṭhī); MN.i.354; Ja.i.207; Ja.ii.159, Ja.ii.279. piṭṭhiṃ (paccāmittassa) passati to see the (enemy’s) back, i.e. to see the …

merit meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth & a future blissful state, the enjoyment (& duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accum …

orig. meaning “tube,” container, hollow pocket.

1. a container, usually made of leaves (cp Ja.iv.436; Ja.v.441; Ja.vi.236), to carry fruit or other viands a pocket, basket: ucchu˚; basket for sugar …

Randha¹

cooked Ja.v.505; Ja.vi.24; Mil.107.

for Sk. raddha, pp. of randhati 2

Randha²

opening, cleft, open spot; flaw, defect, weak spot AN.iv.25; Snp.255, Snp.826 randhamesi …

(-˚) adjective one who cooks, cooking, a cook Ja.iv.431 (bhatta˚).

fr. randhati 2

1. to be or make subject to, (intrs.) to be in one’s power; (trs.) to harass oppress, vex, hurt (mostly Caus. randheti = Sk. randhayati). Only in Imper. randhehi Ja.i.332, and …

1. obstructed, disturbed Dāvs 4, Dāvs 46
2. at Ja.v.425 & Ja.v.431 in cpd. su-ruddha it stands for; rudda (q.v.)
   ■ Cp. upa˚, ni˚, paṭi˚ paṭivi˚, vi˚

pp. of rundhati

to be broken up, to be destroyed Ja.iii.181 (pāṇā rujjhanti; C. explains by nirujjhati). Cp. upa˚, vi˚.

Pass. of rundhati

to obstruct surround, besiege (= rundhati 3) Ja.vi.391 (where spelling rumhati; in phrase nagaraṃ r.). See also ni˚, sanni˚
pp rūḷha.

so read for rumhati (Trenckner, Notes 59 …

1. to restrain, hinder, prevent, obstruct, keep out Cp.iii.10#7; Mil.313 (+ upa˚).
2. to conceal, hide cover up Thig.238 (ppr. rundhanto); Pv-a.88 (ppr rundhamāna).
3. in phrase nagaraṃ r. to surr …

Rūḷha¹

1. grown Snp.20 (˚tiṇa).
2. (see rūhati) healed up Mil.291 (˚vaṇa one whose wound has healed): cp. rūhanā.

pp. of rohati; of ruh; Sk. rūḍha …

to pursue Mhvs.10, Mhvs.5.

saṃ + anubandhati

to bind together, to unite Vin.ii.116; pass. sambajjhati is united, attached to Ja.iii.7; ger. sambandhitvā Vin.i.274; Vin.ii.116
pp sambaddha.

saṃ + bandhati

to pull about, drag along MN.i.228.

saṃ + parikaḍḍhati

to be shaken violently, to be highly affected Vin.i.12; DN.ii.12, DN.ii.108; MN.i.227 Thig.231; Ja.i.25; SN.iv.71
caus sampavedheti to shake violently DN.ii.108; MN.i.253; …

to pull along; to entice; ger. ˚iya Mhvs.37, Mhvs.145.

saṃ + ākaḍḍhati

adjective being (quite) happy together Ja.v.405. Sannirumbhati (rundhati)

saṃ + nirata

Sannirumbhati (˚rundhati)

to restrain, block, impede; ger. sannirumhitvā Ja.i.109, Ja.i.164 Ja.ii.6; Vv-a.217. sannirumbhitvā Ja.i.62; Ja.ii.341. sannirujjhitvā Vism.143; Pot. sannirundheyya …

Sannirumbhati (˚rundhati)

to restrain, block, impede; ger. sannirumhitvā Ja.i.109, Ja.i.164 Ja.ii.6; Vv-a.217. sannirumbhitvā Ja.i.62; Ja.ii.341. sannirujjhitvā Vism.143; Pot. sannirundheyya …

Saṃ˚

indeclinable prefix, implying conjunction & completeness; saṃ˚; is after vi˚; (19’) the most frequent (16’) of all Pāli prefixes. Its primary meaning is “together” (cp. Lat. …

to grow Ja.iv.429 (= vaḍḍhati).

saṃ + rūhati

grown up, brought up DN.i.75; DN.ii.38; Pv-a.66.

pp. of saṃvaḍḍhati

to grow up; ppr. -amāna (ddh.) growing up, subsisting Ja.i.189 (so far ˚vaṭṭ˚). Caus. -vaḍḍheti to rear, nourish, bring up Ja.i.231 (ppr pass. ˚vaḍḍhiyamāna).

saṃ + vaḍḍhati

shaken up, confused, trembling Snp.902.

saṃ + vyathita: see vyadhati

1. to collect MN.i.135; Ja.i.254; Ja.iv.224; Dhp.i.49; Pass. -khaḍḍiyati Vism.251 (ppr ˚iyamāna being collected, comprising).
2. to examine scrutinize Ja.vi.351 (cintetvā ˚kaḍḍhituṃ).

saṃ + kaḍḍhati

to bind Dhs-a.219 (sinoti bandhatī ti setu). pp. sita³.

sā or si; Vedic syati & sināti; the Dhtp.505 gives si in meaning “bandhana”

adjective noun agreeable, pleasant, blest Vin.i.3; Dhp.118, Dhp.194, Dhp.331; Snp.383; paṭipadā, pleasant path, easy progress AN.ii.149 sq.; Dhs.178; kaṇṇa-s. pleasant to the ear DN.i.4; happy, pleas …

(lit.) drought, thirst; (fig.) craving, hunger for, excitement the fever of unsatisfied longing (c. loc.: kabaḷinkāre āhāre “thirst” for solid food SN.ii.101 sq.; cīvare piṇḍapāte taṇhā = greed for Sn …

to kill, destroy Snp.4 (praet. udabbadhi = ucchindanto vadheti Snp-a.18).

ud + vadhati

to hang up, strangle Vin.iii.73 (rajjuyā); Ja.i.504 (id.); Ja.iii.345; Thig.80; Vism.501; Vv-a.139, Vv-a.207 (ubbandhitu-kāmā in the intention of hanging herself).

ud + bandhati

to be moved, to shake (intrs.), quiver, quake Ja.vi.437 (= kampati C.).

ud + vedhati = Sk. vyathate

3^rd sg. of ubbadhati to destroy, kill Snp.4 (= ucchindanto vadhati Snp-a.18).

ud + vadh

upa*, e.g. devūpaṭṭhāna, lokûpaga, puññûpatthambhita-Meanings:

1. (Rest): on upon, up-˚kiṇṇa covered over; ˚jīvati live on (cp. anu˚); ˚tthambhita propped up, sup-ported; ˚cita heap …

to drag or pull on to (w. dat.), or down to DN.i.180 (+ apakaḍḍhati); DN.iii.127 (id.); MN.i.365; SN.i.49; SN.ii.99; Dhp.311 (nirayāya = niraye nibbattapeti Dhp-a.iii.484).

upa + kaḍḍhati, cp. upakaṭṭha

scorned, grumbled at Vin.ii.118.

pp. of upanayhati, see naddha & nandhati

to bear enmity towards, to grumble at (with loc.) aor. upanandhi Vin.ii.118 (tasmiṃ); Vin.iv.83; Mhvs.36, Mhvs.117.

a secondary der. fr. upanandha, pp. of upanayhati

1. to come into touch with Iti.68 = Ja.iv.435 (pūtimacchaṃ kusaggena, cp. Dhp-a.i.45).
2. to bear enmity towards (loc.), to grudge scorn Dhp.3, Dhp.4

pp upanandha (for ˚naddha …

1. tied on to Mil.253, Mil.254.
2. closely connected with, close to Vin.iii.308 (Samanta Pāsādikā).
3. attached to DN-a.i.128.

pp. of ˚nibandhāti

see upanibandhati.

to tie close to, to bind on to, attach MN.iii.132; Mil.254, Mil.412
pass upanibajjhati to be attached to Snp.218
pp -nibaddha (q.v.).

upa + n˚

to cause to break up; to hinder, stop; destroy Vin.iii.73.

Caus of uparundhati

to be stopped, broken, annihilated, destroyed DN.i.223; Thag.145; Iti.106; Snp.724, Snp.1036, Snp.1110; Cnd.159 (= nirujjhati vūpasammati atthangacchati); Mil.151; Sdhp.280. pp. *[uparuddha](/define/u …

to break up, hinder, stop, keep in check MN.i.243; Ja.i.358; Thag.143, Thag.1117; Snp.118 Snp.916 (pot. uparundhe, but uparuddhe Mnd.346 = uparuddheyya etc.); Mil.151, Mil.245, Mil.313
ger *uparundh …

to cause pain, to vex, torment, harass Ja.ii.178, Ja.ii.224; Ja.iv.11; Dhs-a.42 (vibādhati +).

upa + tāpeti

raft, a float Vin.i.230; Vin.iii.63 (˚ṃ bandhati); Ja.iv.2; Dhp-a.ii.120.

dial.?

Vaddha¹

adjective noun

1. grown, old; an Elder; venerable, respectable; one who has authority At Ja.i.219 three kinds of vaddha are distinguished: one by nature (jāt …

to strike, punish; kill, slaughter slay; imper. 2^nd pl. vadhetha Vism.314; ger. vadhitvā MN.i.159; DN.i.98; Ja.i.12; Ja.iv.67; Snp-a.257 (hiṃsitvā +) fut. *vadhiss …

adjective to be killed, slaughtered or executed; object of execution; meriting death Vin.iv.226; Snp.580 (go vajjho viya); Ja.ii.402 (cora), Ja.vi.483 (= vajjhappatta cora C.); Vism.314; Kp-a.27- *[ …

primary meaning “to increase” (trs. intrs.); hence: to keep on, to prosper, to multiply, to grow SN.i.15 (read vaḍḍh˚ for vaṭṭ˚); SN.ii.206 (vaṇṇena), SN.iv.73, SN.iv.250; AN.v.249 (paññāya); Snp.329 …

wound, sore Vin.i.205 (m.), Vin.i.218 (vaṇo rūḷho); Vin.iii.36 (m; angajāte), Vin.iii.117 (angajāte) SN.iv.177 (vaṇaṃ ālimpeti); AN.v.347 sq., AN.v.350 sq.; AN.v.359 Cnd.540; Pp-a 212 (purāṇa-vaṇa- …

1. to turn round, to move on: doubtful in “kattha vaṭṭaṃ na vaṭṭati SN.i.15; preferably with variant reading as vaḍḍhati
   caus 1 vaṭṭeti to turn or twist …

to tremble, quiver, quake, shake SN.v.402; Thag.651; Thag.2, Thag.237 (˚amāna); Snp.899, Snp.902 (Pot. vedheyya); Mnd.312, Mnd.467; Ja.ii.191 (kampati +); Mil.254 (+ calati); Vv-a.76 (vedhamānena s …

at DN.ii.100 (˚missakena, translation Rh. D. “with the help of thongs”) = SN.v.153 (T. reads vedha˚), & Thag.143 (˚missena, translation “violence”) may with Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v be taken as *ve …

at Mil.135 should be read at vibādhati.

to oppress, harm Mil.135 (so read for ˚bhādati); Dhs-a.42
pass vibādhiyati to be oppressed Pv-a.239.

vi + bādhati

to arrange, appoint, assign; to provide; to practise
pres vidahati: see saṃ˚ vidadhāti Ja.vi.537; vidheti Ja.v.107.
pot vidahe Snp.927 (= vidaheyya Mnd.382);
aor *[ …

covered, bound, intertwined Vin.i.194 (camma˚, onaddha +); Ja.v.416; Ja.vi.589 (kañcanalatā˚ bheri); Vism.1 (= jaṭita saṃsibbita).

pp. of vinandhati

tying, binding Vin.ii.116 (˚rajju rope for binding).

fr. vi + nandhati

to close, encircle, cover Mhvs.19, Mhvs.48; Vism.253 (ppr. vinandhamāna: so read for vinaddh˚)
pp vinaddha.

vi + nandhati

to cause obstruction, to render hostile, to be in disharmony, to exasperate SN.iv.379 = AN.v.320 (which latter passage reads viggaṇhati instead); Sdhp.45, Sdhp.496
pp *[virod …

hindered, obstructed, disturbed SN.i.236; Snp.248, Snp.630; Mnd.239; Mil.99, Mil.310; Ja.i.97
■ Often neg. a˚ unobstructed, free SN.i.236 SN.iv.71; AN.iii.276 (˚ka); Dhp.406; Snp.365, Snp.704, Snp.8 …

*Virundhati

to obstruct etc. Pass. virujjhati (q.v.)
pp viruddha
caus virodheti. (q.v.).

vi + rundhati

Vuḍḍha & vuddha

old (fig. venerable)

1. vuḍḍha Pv.ii.11#4; Mhvs.13, Mhvs.2.
2. vuddha MN.ii.168; Ja.v.140; Snp.p.108 (+ mahallaka); DN-a.i.283.

pp. of vaḍḍhati

Vuḍḍha & vuddha

old (fig. venerable)

1. vuḍḍha Pv.ii.11#4; Mhvs.13, Mhvs.2.
2. vuddha MN.ii.168; Ja.v.140; Snp.p.108 (+ mahallaka); DN-a.i.283.

pp. of vaḍḍhati

*Vuṇāti

The two meanings of the root vṛ; as existing in Sk. are also found in Pāli but only peculiar to the Caus. vāreti (the form aor avari as given by Childers should be re …

to tremble, shake, waver; to be frightened Vin.ii.202 (so for vyādhati); Ja.iii.398 (vyadhase; C vyadhasi = kampasi)
caus vyadheti (& vyādheti); to frighten, confuse Ja.iv.16 …

see vyadhati
pp vyādhita.

1. spirituous liquor AN.iii.213; Ja.i.251 (˚vāṇija spirit merchant), Ja.i.268; Ja.vi.502.
2. an intoxicated woman; term for a female fortune-teller Ja.vi.500 (Vāruṇī ’va pavedhati; C. devatā-bhūta- …

1. the yoke of a plough (usually) or a carriage Dhp-a.i.24 (yugaṃ gīvaṃ bādhati presses on the neck); Pv-a.127 (ratha˚); Sdhp.468 (of a carriage) Also at Snp.834 in phrase dhonena yugaṃ samāgamā w …

Ā¹

indeclinable a frequent prefix, used as well-defined simple base-prefix (with rootderivations), but not as modification (i.e. first part of a double prefix cpd. like sam-ā-dhi) exce …

tied, bound, bound up DN-a.i.127; fig. bound to, attached to, in love with Dhp-a.i.88; Pv-a.82 (Tissāya ˚sineha); Sdhp.372 (sineh, ˚hadaya).

pp. of ābandhati

(ā + bandhati, Sk. ābadhnāti, bandh ] to bind to, tie, fasten on to, hold fast; fig. to tie to, to attach to, Ja.iv.132, Ja.iv.289; Ja.v.319, Ja.v.338, Ja.v.359
pp ābaddha.

adjective to be deposited (in one’s head & heart Pp-a), to be heeded to be appropriated ādheyya*, cp. vv.ll. under ādiya² ]; nt. depository (ādhātabbatā ṭhapetabbatā P …

drawing away or to, pulling out, distraction Vv-a.212 (˚parikaḍḍhana pulling about) Dhs-a.363; Mil.154 (˚parikaḍḍhana), Mil.352
■ As f Vin.iii.121.

fr. ākaḍḍhati

to pull along, pull to (oneself), drag or draw out, pull up Vin.ii.325 (bdhgh. for apakassati see under apakāsati); Vin.iv.219; Ja.i.172, Ja.i.192, Ja.i.417; Mil.102, Mil.135; T …

1. (lit.) stretching, stretching out, extension Vin.i.349 = Ja.iii.488 (mukh˚).
2. (appl.) usually as linear measure: extension, length (often comb^d. with and contrasted to *[vitthāra](/def …

lit. to push on or forward aim at, go for, i.e.

1. to endeavour, strain, exert oneself SN.i.1 (ppr. anāyūhaṃ unstriving), SN.i.48; Ja.vi.35 (viriyaṃ karoti C.), Ja.vi.283 (= vāyamati C.)
2. to be kee …