pleasure-grove, a garden, a park, esp. one given for the benefit of bhikkhus (and containing shelters or dwellings).

…gatherings. Amongst the many ārāmas given to the bhikkhus the most renowned is that of Anāthapiṇḍika (Jetavana; see Ja.i.92, Ja.i.94,…

…who lived in the Paribbājakārāma on the banks of the River Sappinī near Rājagaha. He is mentioned as staying with the well-known…

…as living in the Paribbājakārāma in the Moranivāpa in Veḷuvana near Rājagaha. He was probably one of the company who was with Sakuludāyi…

…therein the famous Jetavanārāma. As a result of this and of his numerous other benefactions in the cause of the Sāsana, Anāthapiṇḍika…

…lay grievously sick in Kassapārāma near Rājagaha. He tells the Buddha that he cannot enter into jhāna because of his difficulty in breathing…

…toilet at the Badarikārāma because he was unwilling to violate the rule laid down by the Buddha that no novice should share the room of an…

…as staying at the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta in the company of Ānanda, with whom he discussed the righteous and the unrighteous life…

…Nārada Thera at the Kukkuṭārāma, and there made him realize the folly of mourning. AN.iii.57ff.

Bhaddā²Kāpilānī

A bhikkhunī…

…Bhagu is mentioned Vin.i.300 as staying with Jātipupphiya at the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta, but he is probably a different person.

…the Buddha at the Ghositārāma in Kosambī and declared that whatever child was born to her it would accept the Buddha, his teaching and the…

…of Anuruddha at the Ghositārāma. He seems to have taken a prominent part in the disputes of the Kosambī monks, helping them, but Anuruddha let…

…them and went to Bālakalonakārāma, where he visited Bhagu and preached to him on the virtues of solitude. From there the Buddha proceeded to…

…at the Nigrodhārāma, questioned him regarding the True Saint, and recited to him stanzas learnt when the Buddha preached the…

…when in the Ghositārāma in Kosambī, Channa committed a fault but was not willing to acknowledge it. When the matter was reported to…

…resident in the Ambātakārāma and was looked after by Citta. Once, when the two Chief Disciples and several other eminent Elders came to the…

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

…he visited the Kukkuṭārāma to call upon Ānanda. Learning that Ānanda was at Beluvagāma near Vesāli, he visited him there and held a…

A pool near Kosambī. Close by was the Pilakkhaguhā and the Paribbājakārāma, where Ānanda once visited Sandaka and held a discussion with him. MN.i.513

25.321684,81.3180543lake

…the Buddha at the Pubbārāma, and the Buddha preached to him the Gaṇaka-Moggallāna Sutta, after which, it is said, he became the…

A Sākiyan of Kapilavatthu, who built a monastery attached to the Nigrodhārāma. There the Mahā Suññatā Sutta was preached. MN.iii.110

…AN.ii.176 and the Paribbājakārāma of Udumbarika the residence of Nigrodha, near the Moranivāpa on the bank of the lake Sumāgadhā….

…once stayed at the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta, where he was given a set of robes. Vin.i.300

Gopaka³

A deva. A series of verses…

…ParkAnāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmaAnāthapiṇḍada’s Park

A park in Sāvatthī, in which was built the Anāthapiṇḍikārāma. When the…

…the Buddha at the Ghositārāma. DN.i.159 The Buddha preached to them the Jāliya Sutta. According to the Pātika Sutta, when Jāliya heard…

…see him both at the Nigrodhārāma and at the Mahāvana, among them being Mahānāma, SN.v.369f. AN.iii.284f. AN.iv.220f. AN.v.320f.…

KassapakārāmaKassapārāma

A monastery in Rājagaha, probably near Veḷuvana. It was here that Assaji stayed during his last illness, when the…

…monks, staying at the Ghositārāma, sent one of their number, Dāsaka, with a message to Khemaka, inquiring whether he managed to bear his pains….

…Kukkuṭārāma, the Ghositārāma, the Pāvārika-ambavana, and the Badarikārāma. The Buddha visited Kosambī on several occasions, stopping…

A park in Pāṭaliputta. It was evidently the residence of monks from very early times, probably, for some time, of the Buddha himself. The Mahāvagga Vin.i.300 mentions the names of several theras who l …

…built a monastery in Nigrodhārāma, near Kapilavatthu, and once, during robe-making time, many monks lived there. On this occasion the Buddha…

…in the Nigrodhārāma in Kapilavatthu, and questioned him on the Bhaddekaratta Sutta. When Lomasakaṅgiya again confessed his…

…took place in the Nigrodhārāma at Kapilavatthu.

The name Lomasavaṅgīsa is, probably, a wrong or variant reading for Lomasakaṅgiya….

MahākaccāyanaKaccāyanaMahākaccānaKaccāna

One of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered chief among expounders in full of the brief saying of the Buddha. AN.i.23 Several suttas illustrat …

MahāmoggallānaMoggallānaKolita

The second of the Chief Disciples of the Buddha. He and Sāriputta went forth as disciples of Sañjaya. After some time, Sāriputta, wandering about in Rājagaha, met Assaj …

…visited the Buddha at Nigrodhārāma where the Buddha was convalescing after a severe illness, and at once Mahānāma asked a question as to whether…

…a garden, called the Mallikārāma, in which was a Hall among the Deispyros trees set apart for religious discussions between members of various…

Mallikāya ārāmaMallikārāma

A park in Sāvatthī belonging to Queen Mallikā. DN.i.178 MN.ii.22

27.50735, 82.074733park

The name of a people and their country.

The country is included in the sixteen Great Nations of the Buddha’s time. The kingdom, at that time, was divided into two parts, having their respective capit …

…distribution of alms at the ārāma where they stayed, and one day it was their turn to receive alms from a certain householder who had a…

…Migāramātā in the Pubbārāma, to the east of Sāvatthī. It is said that, one day, when Visākhā had gone to the monastery to hear the…

…It contained a Paribbājakārāma, the resort of recluses of various denominations. The Udumbarika Sīhanāda, the Mahā Sakuladāyi and the…

…between him and Savittha, which is said to have taken place in Ghositārāma in Kosambī, regarding the paṭiccasamuppāda.

…queen’s body. The king’s Treasurer, Piyaka, consulted the Elder Nārada who lived at Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta and persuaded him to…

Nandaka¹

Once, at the Buddha’s request, he preached a sermon to the nuns; on the first day they became sotāpannas, and, on the second, five hundred of them attained arahantship. MN.iii.270 …

…the Buddha at the Nigrodhārāma in Kapilavatthu and had a discussion with him on the different kinds of Ariyan disciple, the one who dwells in…

…colleagues at the Udumbarikārāma near Rājagaha, Sandhāna, on his way to see the Buddha, stopped him and entered into conversation. The Buddha,…

…as having lived in Nigrodhārāma?

27.54115, 83.080673monasteryNigrodhārāma²

A grove in Rājagaha. The Buddha says that there he…

A Thera mentioned as staying at the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta. Vin.i.300

…once as staying at the Ghositārāma in Kosambī, with Musila, Savittha, and Ānanda. In the course of discussion he declares that, though aware of…

A Brahmā who was present at the Mahāsamaya. DN.ii.260

One of the Theras dwelling in the Kukkuṭārāma in Pāṭaliputta in the time of the Buddha. Vin.i.300

…which took place in Mallikārāma in Sāvatthī, is reported in the Poṭṭhapāda Sutta. Poṭṭhapāda, accepting the Buddha’s views, was…

A bathing place in Sāvatthī, near the Migāramātupāsāda, and therefore to the east of the city. Mention is made AN.iii.345 of the Buddha having bathed there. It was evidently extensive, for Pasenadi’s …

A monastery outside the eastern gate of Sāvatthī.

27.52532, 82.089843monastery

…Pātaliputta was the Kukkutārāma, where monks (e.g. Ananda, Bhadda and Nārada) stayed when they came to Pātaliputta M.i.349; A.v.341;…

…to the Tindukhānuparibbājakārāma. A message was sent to him asking him to come as the Buddha was at his hermitage, but Pātikaputta was unable…

…the meeting, held in Vālikārāma, regarding the Ten Points. All the Ten Points were declared to be wrong, and, at the end of the questions,…

…staying there in the Badarikārāma. Rāhula was told there of a new rule which had been laid down to the effect that no novice should sleep under…

…with its Paribbājakārāma, Tapodārāma, Indasālaguhā in Vediyagiri, Sattapaṇṇiguhā, Latthivana, Maddakucchi,…

RāmagāmakaRāmagāma

A Koliyan village on the banks of the Ganges. Its inhabitants claimed and obtained a share of the Buddha’s relics, over which they erected a thūpa. DN.ii.167

26.146795,84.098271town

…the Buddha in the Paribbājakārāma at Moranivāpa in Rājagaha.

He is also said to have been present when the Buddha visited the…

…this, visited the Paribbājakārāma, on the banks of the Sappinikā, and challenged Sarabha to repeat his statement. Three times the challenge was…

…took place at the Ghositārāma in Kosambī. The first is with Musila and deals with the paṭiccasamuppāda. Musila, in answer to Savittha’s…

SippinikātīraSappinīSappinīkā

A river that flowed through Rājagaha. On its bank was a Paribbājakārāma where famous Paribbājakas lived in…

…in a monastery (the Ambātakārāma) provided by Citta. Citta used to invite Sudhamma to his house for meals. One day Sāriputta, at the head of…

…distance was the Paribbājakārāma in Queen Udumbarika’s park. The Buddha was walking about in the open air near Sumāgadhā, just before he…

A Licchavi prince of Vesāli. He was, at one time, a member of the Order and the personal attendant of the Buddha, but was later converted to the views of Korakkhattiya and went about defaming the Budd …

…he stayed at the Kāḷakārāma AN.ii.24 gifted to the Order by Kāḷaka, and the Tikantakivana, AN.iii.169 both of which were evidently near…

…was staying at the Nigrodhārāma, and he was asked to inaugurate it. This he did by a series of ethical discourses lasting through the night,…

…hot. Around it was the Tapodārāma.

Monks and recluses were evidently in the habit of going to the Tapodā to bathe in the hot springs. Thus, we…

…use of it.

Near the Tapodārāma was the Tapodakandārā. They were both far from Rājagaha, and monks would come from afar late at night and,…

…dwelling of wanderers near Vesāli. It was the residence of Pāthikaputta. DN.iii.17

near…

UddakaRāmaputta

One of the teachers under whom Gotama, after leaving the world and before he became the Buddha, received instruction. Uddaka taught him the doctrine which had been realised and procla …

…both staying in the Ghositārāma at Kosambī. Sāriputta asks him about the bojjhangas as being conducive to a happy life and Upavāna explains….

A Yakkhinī, mother of Punabbasu and Uttarā. Once as she passed Jetavana at sunset looking for food, with her daughter on her hip and holding her son by his finger, she saw the assembly, intently liste …

A diminutive form of Uttarā used by Uttaramātā, the Yakkhinī, in addressing her daughter. SN.i.210

Uttarā¹

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses tell of her awakening. Thig.15

Uttarā²

The Therīgāthā contains seven verses uttered by her after becoming an arahant, the result of …

…and went into the Paribbājakārāma near by. The Paribbājakas asked him if it was true that the Buddha ridicules all forms of asceticism and…

…in the time of the Buddha. He lived with Annabhāra, Sakuludāyī and others in the Paribbājakārāma, on the banks of the Sappinikā, AN.ii.29…

VaraṇāVāraṇā

A city on the banks of the Kaddamadaha, where Ārāmadaṇḍa visited Mahākaccāna. AN.i.65

Avanti3town

…the Buddha visited the ārāma in which Kassapa Buddha had preached to Jotipāla, and there he himself preached the Ghaṭīkāra Sutta….

…e.g., Pātikārāma, Vālikārāma.

The Buddha generally stayed at the Kūṭāgārasālā during his visits to Vesāli, but it appears that he…

…in the Pubbārāma to the Saṅgha.

The Buddha accepted a face towel as a special gift from Visākhā but would not accept an…

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

…the question at the Vālikārāma, Revata acting as questioner and Sabbakāmī answering his questions. At the end of the enquiry the decision…

A brahmin. Once when Mahā Kaccāna was staying at Vāraṇā on the banks of the Kaddamadaha, Ārāmadaṇḍa came to see him and asked him why nobles quarrelled with nobles, brahmins with brahmins, and househo …

előírásoktól és szertartásoktól függés

the territory, grounds of a park.

from on the road

on the way

anto-ārāma

masculine the inner part of an ārāma

finding delight in diminution

of carati

worth at the most four kaṃsas.

indeclinable for six nights at the most.

delighting in the mental constructs; delighting in dhamma.

delight in solitude

having this (which usually follows) as their highest limit, i.e. only as good as this, no better than this; only as great as this, no more than this

as well as, only as well as, on as much as

having such as its highest limit, i.e. only as good as such, only so great

only to such an extent, only as greatly

finding pleasure in a company.

having or wanting nothing more than (mere) food and clothing.

meeting, a joining, of or with old age and death.

producing (further) birth, old age and death.

taking delight in activity

road through a wilderness, a dangerous way

(a servant or slave) brought home as a captive (in war).

(the scent of) tagara and jasmine.

taramāna¹

part. pr. mfn. of tarati

taramāna²

part. pr. mfn. of tarati

taramāna-rūpa

part. pr. mfn. in a great haste; absolutely hurrying.

tinduka row or grove?; a name of an ārāma?

ceases, stops; leaves off; keeps away (from).

a shrine in a park; a park

a shrine in a park; a park

living near a park

living near a park

superintendent of the park-servants

keeper or guardian of a park

planter of gardens or parks

the loveliness of parks; a beautiful park

the site or ground for a park

female servant in an ārāma, or the wife of an ārāmika.

leading to birth, old age and death in the future

Adherence: parāmāsa clinging or attachment.

Anattā: No-self, egolessness, soullessness, impersonality, absence of identity, is the last of the 3 universal characteristics of existence ti-lakkhana. This anattā doctrine, which only is t …

Ariya-puggala: or simply Ariya: Noble Ones, noble persons:
The 8, Ariya = Noble Ones are those who have realized one of the 8 stages of Nobility, i.e. the 4 supra-mundane paths magga …

Attachments: see: parāmāsa

Attā: Self, ego, personality, soul, is in Buddhism a mere conventional expression vohāradesanā, and not a designation for anything really existing; see: paramattha-desanā, anattā, puggala, satta, jīva.

Brahma-vihāra: the 4 ‘sublime’ or ‘divine abodes’, also called the 4 Infinite states appamaññā are: loving-kindness mettā Pity karunā, altruistic or sympathetic joy muditā equanimity *up …

Gantha: ‘ties’.;There are 4 ties: the bodily tie kāyagantha of covetousness abhijjhā of ill-will vyāpāda, of clinging to rule and ritual sīlabbata-parāmāsa of dogmatical fanaticism *idam …

Grasping: cf. parāmāsa, upādāna.

Pada-parama: ‘one for whom the words are the utmost attainment’.;Whoever, though having learned much, speaking much, knowing many things by heart, and discoursing much, has not penetrated the tru …

Paramattha: sacca - vacana - Desanā ‘truth or term, exposition that is true in the highest or ultimate sense’, as contrasted with the ‘conventional truth’ vohāra - sacca which is also …

Parāmāsa: ‘adherence’, attachment, ‘misapprehension’, is according to Vis.M XXII a name for wrong views; in that sense it occurs in Dhs. 1174 ff. - See sīlabbata-parāmāsa.

Paticcasamuppāda: ‘dependent origination’, is the doctrine of the conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena, a doctrine which, together with that of impersonality anattā, forms the …

Puggala: ‘individual’, ‘person’, as well as the synonyms: personality, individuality, being satta self attā etc., in short all terms designating a personal entity, hence also: I, you, he, man, …

Tathāgata: the ‘Perfect One’, lit. the one who has ‘thus gone’, or ‘thus come’, is an epithet of the Buddha used by him when speaking of himself.

To the often asked questions, whether the Tathāga …

“settling in”, i.e. wishing for, tendency towards (-˚) inclination, adherence; as adj. liking, loving, being given or inclined to DN.iii.230; MN.i.136, MN.i.251; SN.ii.17; SN.iii.10 SN.iii.13, SN.iii …

to cling to, adhere to, be attached to Mnd.308, Mnd.309 (parāmasati +)
pp abhiniviṭṭha; cp. also abhinivesa.

abhi + nivisati

adjective “settled in”, attached to, clinging on Cnd.152 (gahita parāmaṭṭha a.); Pv-a.267 (= ajjhāsita Pv.iv.8#4).

abhi + niviṭṭha, pp. of abhi-nivisati

adjective of perfect form, (very), handsome, beautiful, lovely Snp.410 (= dassaniya’ angapaccanga Snp-a.383); Ja.i.207; Pp.52; DN-a.i.281 (aññehi manussehi adhikarūpa); Vv-a.53; Pv-a.61 (abhikkant …

the highest enlightenment Ja.i.14 (parama˚). Cp. abhisambujjhana and (sammā-) sambodhi.

abhi + sambodhi

same meaning as addhan but as simplex only used with reference to time (i.e. a long time, cp. Vv-a.117 addhānaṃ = ciraṃ). Usually in phrase atītaṃ (anāgataṃ etc.) addhānaṃ in …

…Dhp-a.iii.208.

• -ārāma a garden of mangoes, mango grove Vv.79#5 Vv-a.305.
• -kañjika mango…

adjective Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between” as adj. “inner”; in prep. use & in compounds “inside, in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides …

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

…Iti.31 (abyābajjh’ārāma).

a + vyapajjha or bajjha, a confusion between the roots bādh or…

an almsman, a mendicant, a Buddhist monk or priest, a bhikkhu.
■ nom. sg. bhikkhu freq. passim; Vin.iii.40 (vuḍḍhapabbajita); AN.i.78 (thera bh., an elder bh.; and nava bh. …

…Vb.244, Vb.249

• -ārāma joy of or pleasure in self culture AN.ii.28.
• -bala power to increase…

to move about, to “live and move,” to behave, to be
imper act. cara (Ja.i.152), carā (metri causa, Ja.iii.393); imper. med. carassu (Snp.696), pl. carāmase (= exhortative, Snp.32); -ppr. caranto …

adjective subsequent, last (opp. pubba) Thag.202; Iti.18; Ja.v.120
■ acarima not later (apubba ac˚ simultaneously) DN.i.185; MN.iii.65; Pp.13.

• -bhava the last rebirth (in Sa …

adjective fair to behold, beautiful good-looking (= dassituṃ yutta DN-a.i.141), often in formula abhirūpa d. pāsādika paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgəta to express matchless physical beauty: D …

ra; (on ṇ: l cp. guṇa: guḷa etc.) to *del as in Sk. dala, dalati. Cp. Lat. dolare to cut, split, work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.δαίδαλον work of art; Mhg. zelge twig; zol a stick Possibly also …

…cp. Dhs. trsl. 2;

• -ārāma “one who has the Dh. as his pleasure-ground,” one who rejoices in the Dh. AN.iii.431;…

to hold, bear, carry, wear; to hold up, support; to bear in mind, know by heart; to hold out, endure, last continue, live Snp.385 (take to heart, remember); Dhp-a.ii.68
ppr dharamāṇa living, last …

view, belief, dogma, theory, speculation, esp. false theory, groundless or unfounded opinion

1. The latter is rejected by the Buddha as pāpa˚; (AN.iv.172) and pāpikā d. (opp bhaddikā: AN.v.212 sq …

slave, often combined w. f. dāsī. Def. by Bdhgh as “antojāto” (DN-a.i.300), or as “antojātadhanakkīta-karamarânīta-sāmaṃ dāsabyaṃ upagatānaṃ aññataro” (ibid. DN-a.i.168)
■ In phrase *dāsā ca kam …

adjective illustrating, explaining; f. -ī explanation, commentary, Name of several Commentaries, e.g. the Paramattha-dīpanī of Dhammapāla on Th 2; Pv Vv
■ Cp. jotikā & uddīpanā.

(in BB often misspelt gandha)

1. a bond, fetter, trammel; always fig. and usually referring to and enumerated as the four bodily ties, or knots (kāya˚, see under kāya): SN.v.59 = Dh …

gone, in all meanings of gacchati (q.v.) viz.

1. literal. gone away, arrived at, directed to (c. acc.), opp ṭhita: gate ṭhite nisinne (loc. abs.) when going standing, sitting down (cp. gacchati 1) DN …

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

adjective = gayha one who is to be taken (prisoner), in ˚niyyamāna id. SN.i.143 = Ja.iii.361 (expl. as karamaragāhaṃ gahetvā niyyamāna; cp. karamara).

…(adj.) &

• -ārāmatā in phrase gaṇārāmo gaṇarato gaṇārāmataṃ anuyutto: a lover of the crowd…

…(nakkhattaṃ). As Npl Ghositārāma Dhp-a.i.53, Dhp-a.i.161, Dhp-a.i.208. 2. [n. ag. = ghositṛ cp. ghosaka] one who proclaims, advocates, or…

1. (n.) seizing, seizure, grip (cp. gaha): canda˚ suriya˚ an eclipse (lit. the moon, etc., being seized by a demon) DN.i.10 (= DN-a.i.95: Rāhu candaṃ gaṇhāti). Esp. applied to the sphere of the mind …

Ida & Idaṃ

indeclinable emphatic demonstr. adv. in local, temporal & modal function, as

1. in this, here: idappaccayatā having its foundation in this, i.e. causally connec …

Ida & Idaṃ

indeclinable emphatic demonstr. adv. in local, temporal & modal function, as

1. in this, here: idappaccayatā having its foundation in this, i.e. causally connec …

withered, feeble with age Thig.270; Ja.i.5, Ja.i.59 (jarā˚); Thag-a.212; Pv-a.63 (˚bhāva, state of being old)- a˚; not fading (cp. amata & ajarāmara), of Nibbāna SN.iv.369.

From intensive of jarati

(older); jaras (nt.) decay, decrepitude, old age Vin.i.10, Vin.i.34; AN.i.51, AN.i.138 (as death’s messenger); AN.v.144 sq. (bhabbo jaraṃ pahātuṃ); Snp.311 (cp. DN.iii.75); Ja.i.59; Thig.252 sq.; Vi …

adjective one who detests or avoids (usually -˚) MN.i.77; (parama˚), MN.i.78; AN.iv.174, AN.iv.182 sq., AN.iv.188 sq., Mil.352 (pāpa˚).

appetite, hunger, often combined with pipāsā, desire to drink, thirst, e.g. SN.i.18; AN.ii.143, AN.ii.153; Mil.304
■ MN.i.13, MN.i.114; MN.i.364; MN.iii.97, MN.iii.136; AN.iii.16 …

adjective illuminating, making light; explaining Ja.ii.420; Dpvs.xiv.50; Mil.343 (= lamp-lighter)
■ f. -ikā explanation, commentary, Name of several Commentaries, e.g. the Paramatthajotikā on th …

■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of …

Jīva¹

adjective noun

1. the soul. Sabbe jīvā all the souls, enumerated with sattā pāṇā bhūta in the dialect used by the followers of Gosāla DN.i.53 (= DN-a.i.161 jīvasaññī). “taṃ jīvaṃ t …

…Iti.71, Iti.79; -ārāmatā taking pleasure in (worldly activity DN.ii.78 = AN.iv.22, cp. Vb.381; AN.iii.116,…

adjective noun difficult to pass, scil. magga, a difficult road, waste land, wilderness, explained as nirudaka īriṇa Vv-a.334 (on Vv.84#3), combined with maru˚ Pv-a.99 and marukantāramagga Pv-a.112 …

shrub Vism.183 (+ kanavīra).

etym.?

see Kara.

anything worthless, rubbish, filth, impurity; fig. low passions SN.i.166; Snp.281 = Mil.414 = AN.iv.172; Vism.258 (maṃsa˚), Vism.259 (parama˚).

• -jāta one whose nature is impurity …

I. Crude meaning

bulk, massiveness (gross) substance.

1. Esp. used
   1. of an elephant: the bulk of the body, i.e. its back SN.i.95 vāraṇassa Ja.iii.392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on th …

Khanti & Khantī

f. patience, forbearance, forgiveness. Def. at Dhs.1341: khantī khamanatā adhivāsanatā acaṇḍikkaṃ anasuropo attamanatā cittassa Most frequent combinations: with *[mettā](/define/mettā …

Khanti & Khantī

f. patience, forbearance, forgiveness. Def. at Dhs.1341: khantī khamanatā adhivāsanatā acaṇḍikkaṃ anasuropo attamanatā cittassa Most frequent combinations: with *[mettā](/define/mettā …

Khaṇa¹

1. (m.) a (short), moment, wink of time; in phrase khaṇen’ eva “in no time” Pv-a.38 Pv-a.117; Sdhp.584 (etc.). Sdhp.584; khaṇo ve mā upaccagā “let not the slightest time be wasted …

…pure˚, pacchā˚, ārāma˚, vihāra without ref. to aṇṇa.) SN.ii.41; Snp.769. Together with other earthly possessions as wealth…

1. (adj.) that which ought to be done, that which is to be performed; nt something to do Dhp-a.i.15. defined as kātabban ti kiccaṃ kiñcid eva karaṇīyan ti Kp-a.218; kattabaṃ karaṇīyaṃ Dhp-a.iii.452 …

the jujube fruit MN.i.80; AN.iii.49 (sampanna-kolakaṃ sūkaramaṃsa “pork with jujube”); Ja.iii.22 (= badara); Ja.vi.578.

• -mattiyo (pl.) of the size of a j. truit, always comb w. kolaṭṭhi-mattiy …

1. a round jar, waterpot (= kulālabhājana earthenware Dhp-a.i.317), frequent in similes, either as illustrating fragility or emptiness and fullness: AN.i.130, AN.i.131 = Pp.32; AN.v.337; SN.ii.83; Mi …

ring esp. earring AN.i.254 = AN.iii.16; Ja.iv.358 (su˚ with beautiful earrings); Dhp-a.i.25. Frequent as maṇi˚, a jewelled earring Vin.ii.156; SN.i.77; MN.i.366; Pv.ii.9#50; sīha˚ or sīhamukha˚ an ea …

…love-sick Ja.iii.170;

• -ārāma pleasure-loving AN.iv.438 (gihī k-bhogī, ˚ratā, ˚sammuditā); *…

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

Lokiya & lokika

(adj.)

1. (ordinarily) “belonging to the world,” i.e
   1. world-wide, covering the whole world, famed, widely known Thag.554; Ja.vi.198.
   2. (-˚) belonging to the world of, an i …

Lokiya & lokika

(adj.)

1. (ordinarily) “belonging to the world,” i.e
   1. world-wide, covering the whole world, famed, widely known Thag.554; Ja.vi.198.
   2. (-˚) belonging to the world of, an i …

receiving, getting, acquisition, gain, possession; pl. possessions DN.i.8; DN.ii.58, DN.ii.61; MN.i.508 (ārogya-paramā lābhā); MN.iii.39; AN.i.74; AN.iv.157 sq., AN.iv.160 (lābhena abhibhūto pariyādi …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) “standing in the middle,” umpire neutral, impartial, indifferent Ja.i.300; Ja.ii.359 (parama˚ + upekkhā-pārāmī); Ja.vi.8; Mil.403; Vism.230; Mhvs.21, Mhvs.14.
2. indifferen …

cherished, beloved; as n. nt. attachment, fondness of, pride
■ (adj. or pp. SN.ii.94 (etaṃ ajjhositaṃ, m., parāmaṭṭhaṃ); Snp.119; Dhp-a.i.11
■ (nt.:) Snp.466, Snp.777, Snp.805, Snp.950 = Dhp.367 …

adjective dying; only neg. amara not dying, immortal, in phrase ajarāmara free from decay death Thig.512; Pv.ii.6#11. See also amara.

fr. mṛ.

to die
pres marati Mvu v. spur. after 5, 27; 36, 83;
pot mareyyaṃ Ja.vi.498; 2^nd mareyyāsi Ja.iii.276.
ppr maramāna Mhvs.36, Mhvs.76
ao …

friend. Usually m., although nt. occurs in meaning “friend,” in sg. (Ne.164) & pl. (Snp.185 Snp.187); in meaning “friendship” at Ja.vi.375 (= mittabhāva C.). The half-scientific, half-popular etym …

…In the Mahāvihāra (Tiss’ ārāma) at Anurādhapura there were 32 mālakas; Dpvs.xiv.78; Mhvs.15, Mhvs.192. The sacred Bodhi-tree e.g. was…

…In the Mahāvihāra (Tiss’ ārāma) at Anurādhapura there were 32 mālakas; Dpvs.xiv.78; Mhvs.15, Mhvs.192. The sacred Bodhi-tree e.g. was…

the circumference of a wheel, circumference, rim, edge (cp. nema AN.i.112; Vv.64#5; Mil.238, Mil.285; Vism.198 (fig. jarāmaraṇa˚ the rim of old age & death, which belongs to the wheel of Saṃsāra of th …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

…bhassarata);

• -ārāmatā fondness of sleep laziness, sluggishness AN.iii.116, AN.iii.293 sq., AN.iii.309 sq.;…

…Dhp.254 (Tathāgata); -ārāma not fond of delay MN.i.65 (Neumann trsl. i.119: “dem keine Sonderheit behagt”); AN.iii.431; AN.iv.229 sq.;…

Omāna¹

disregard, disrespect, contempt Dhp-a.ii.52 (+ atimāna) Cp. foll. & see also; avamāna.

fr. o + man, think. The Sk. avamāna is later

Omāna²

at …

one who has gone out from home, one who has given up worldly life & undertaken the life of a bhikkhu recluse or ascetic, (one) ordained (as a Buddhist friar) gone forth (into the holy life or pabbajjā …

lit. resting on, falling back on, foundation cause, motive etc. See on term as t.t. of philosophy Tikapaṭṭhāna I, foreword; J.P.T.S. 1916, 21 f.; Cpd. 42 sq. & esp. 259 sq.

1. (lit.) support, req …

1. foot Dhp.273 = Snp-a.366 (? saccānaṃ caturo padā); DN-a.i.85; usually -˚, like hatthipadaṃ elephant’s foot MN.i.176, MN.i.184; SN.i.86; SN.v.43, SN.v.231; and with numerals dvi˚ & di˚, catup˚, a …

Pakkhika

adjective

1. belonging or referring to the (2) lunar fortnights fortnightly, for a fortnight or in the (specified) fortnight of the month (cp. Vin. Texts iii.220). As one special provisio …

to come or go (by) a road, roadway, path SN.i.18 (gen. pl. panthānaṃ kantāramagga C; “jungle road” trsl.); Snp.121 (loc panthasmiṃ); Cnd.485 B (+ patha in explⁿ of magga) Mil.157 (see pant …

adjective highest, most excellent, superior, best paraphrased by agga seṭṭha visiṭṭha at Cnd.502 A Mnd.84, Mnd.102 (the latter reading viseṭṭha for visiṭṭha); by uttama at Dhp-a …

paramajja-dhamma

the most influential or ruling doctrine MN.iii.7.

cp. Vedic parama-jyā

the highest quantity, measure on the outside minimum or maximum DN.i.60 (ghāsa-cchādana-paramatāya santuṭṭho contented with a minimum of food & clothing; DN-a.i.169 explains by uttamatāya); MN.i.10 …

danger, risk, trouble MN.i.10 (utu˚); AN.iii.388 (id.); Snp.42, Snp.45, Snp.770, Snp.921, Snp.960 sq.; Dhp.328 (˚ayāni sīha-vyaggh’-ādayo pākaṭa-parissaye, rāga-bhaya-dosabhay’ ādayo paṭicchanna\ …

overflowing Ja.vi.328 (= atipuṇṇattā pagharamāna).

pp. of pari + sru

touching, seizing, taking hold of MN.i.130 (variant reading ˚māsa which reading is probably to be preferred, cp. Trenckner on p. 541) SN.iii.46 (variant reading ˚māsa)
■ neg. aparāmasa not leading a …

touching, seizing, taking up Cnd.576 (daṇḍa-sattha˚); Dhs-a.239 (angapaccanga˚); Pv-a.159 (kiriyā˚).

fr. parāmasati

to touch, hold on to, deal with, take up, to be attached or fall a victim to (acc.) Vin.ii.47, Vin.ii.195, Vin.ii.209; DN.i.17; MN.i.257; SN.iii.110; Ja.iv.138; in combination with gaṇhāti & nandati ( …

touched, grasped, usually in bad sense: succumbing to, defiled, corrupted DN.i.17 for a different, commentarial interpretation see Parāmāsa (evaṃ˚ so acquired or taken up; cp. DN-a.i.107 nirāsanka\ …

touching contact, being attached to, hanging on, being under the influence of, contagion (Dhs. trsl. 316). In Asl.49, Bdhgh analyses as parato āmasantīti parāmāsā: p. means “they handle dhamma’s *as …

adjective grasping, seizing, perverting DN.iii.48; MN.i.43, MN.i.96 (sandiṭṭhi˚). Parayana (Parayana)

fr. parāmāsa

to wish for, desire, pray for, request, long for SN.iv.125; SN.v.145; Snp.114 Snp.899; Thig.341; Mnd.312, Mnd.316; Pp-a 208 (āsaṃsati +) Pv-a.148; Sdhp.66, Sdhp.319; ppr. patthento Pv-a.107 *pat …

Patti¹

on foot, one who is on foot, a foot-soldier Vin.iv.105 (as one of the 4 constituents of a senā or army, viz. hatthī elephants, assā horses, rathā chariots, pattī …

intelligence, comprising all the higher faculties of cognition, “intellect as conversant with general truths” (Dial. ii.68), reason wisdom, insight, knowledge, recognition. See on term Mrs. Rh. D. * …

Paṭicca-samuppāda

“arising on the grounds of (a preceding cause)” happening by way of cause working of cause & effect, causal chain of causation causal genesis, dependent origination, theory of the …

to enter upon (a path), to go along, follow out (a way or plan) to go by; fig. to take a line of action, to follow a method to be intent on, to regulate one’s life DN.i.70 (saṃvarāya), DN.i.175 (tatha …

…Mil.138, Mil.412.

• -ārāma fond(ness) of solitude or seclusion (see ˚rata) AN.iii.261 sq.; Iti.39;…

to put down, set down, provide; ppr. paṭṭhayamāna Pv-a.128 (varamāna + ; variant reading paṭṭhap˚); aor. paṭṭhayi Pv.ii.9#34 (dānaṃ; variant reading paṭṭhapayi, explained by paṭṭhapesi Pv-a.126 …

(-˚) adjective having worthless wood, weak, inferior MN.i.488 (apagata˚, where ˚ka belongs to the whole cpd.); Ja.iii.318 (a˚ + sāramaya).

fr. pheggu

…reflection Thag-a.30.

• -ārāma “Eastern Park,” Name of a locality east of Sāvatthi AN.iii.344; Snp.p.139 (cp….

…guard, keeper, guardian, protector SN.i.185 (vihāra˚); Ja.v.222 (dhamma˚); Vv-a.288 (ārāma˚); Sdhp.285. See also go˚, loka˚.

fr. pā,…

completeness, perfection, highest state Snp.1018, Snp.1020; Pp.70; Dhp-a.i.5; Vv-a.2 (sāvakañāṇa˚); Pv-a.139; Sdhp.328. In later literature there is mentioned a group of 10 perfections (*dasa pāram …

(-˚) plantation; in vana˚ & ārāma˚ SN.i.33.

fr. rop = Caus. of ruh

…(f.)

1. planting Pv-a.151 (ārāma˚); Mhvs.15, Mhvs.41.
2. healing SN.iv.177 (vaṇa˚)
3. furthering, making grow Pts.ii.115 (buddhi˚).
4. (f.)…

…(four seen in a dream: ārāma˚, vana˚, bhūmi pokkharaṇī˚).

orig. grd. of rāmeti, ram, cp. Sk. rāmaṇīya. On e for ī see…

form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc.

1. Definitions. According to P. expositors rūpa takes its designation fr. ruppati, e.g. “ruppanato rūpaṃ” Vism.588; “ruppan’ a …

adjective real, true DN.i.182; MN.ii.169; MN.iii.207; Dhp.408; nt. saccaṃ truly, verily, certainly Mil.120; saccaṃ kira is it really true? DN.i.113; Vin.i.45, Vin.i.60; Ja.i.107; saccato truly S …

adjective real, true Mil.226 (the same passage at Pts.i.174 & Mnd.458 spells sacchika). saccik’ aṭṭha truth, reality, the highest truth Kv.1 sq. Dhs-a.4 (nearly = paramaṭṭha); Kp-a.102. Kern in a …

…samaggarata, and samaggārāma, rejoicing in peace, delighting in peace impassioned for peace DN.i.4 = AN.ii.209 = Pp.57; DN-a.i.74;…

1. consent, permission Vin.iii.199.
2. choice, selection, delegation Vin.iii.159.
3. fixing, determination (of boundary) Vin.i.106.
4. common consent, general opinion, convention, that which is genera …

1. concentration; a concentrated, self-collected, intent state of mind and meditation which, concomitant with right living, is a necessary condition to the attainment of higher wisdom and emancipatio …

the visible world, worldly gain DN.iii.45, DN.iii.247; MN.i.43; Snp.891; Vin.ii.89; Mnd.288, Mnd.300 -parāmāsin infected with worldliness MN.i.97.

fr. saṃ + dṛś

Sarati¹

to go, flow, run, move along Ja.iii.95 (= parihāyati nassati C.);

pot sare Ja.iv.284
aor asarā Ja.vi.199
pp sarita¹
caus sāreti

1. to m …

adverb seven times Vin.i.3; Iti.18; sattakkhattuparamaṃ seven times at the utmost; ˚parama one who will not be reborn more than seven times SN.ii.134 sq.; AN.i.233, AN.i.235; AN.iv.381 Kv.104; Pp.15 s …

-ā (f.) touching, handling Vin.iii.121 (ā); Vin.iv.214 (a) (= parāmasanan nāma ito c’ ito ca).

saṃ + copana

…AN.iii.293 sq. (˚ārāmatā); AN.iv.87 sq., AN.iv.331; Iti.70; Ja.i.376; Ja.iv.57; Mil.386; Cnd.137; Vb-a.340 (an-anulomika˚);…

1. to move about continuously, to come again and again Ja.i.335.
2. to go through one life after the other, to transmigrate DN.i.14; DN-a.i.105; ppr. saṃsaranto (& saṃsaraṃ); SN.iii.149; SN.iv.439; …

to trade (with); ppr. -vohāramāna [cp. BSk. saṃvyavahāramāna Divy.259; AN.ii.188.

Denom. fr. saṃvohāra

bond, fetter SN.iv.163 etc.; especially the fetters that bind man to the wheel of transmigration Vin.i.183; SN.i.23; SN.v.241, SN.v.251; AN.i.264 AN.iii.443; AN.iv.7 sq. (diṭṭhi˚); MN.i.483; Dhp.370; …

…MN.iii.110 Vb-a.474.

• -ārāmatā delight in company DN.ii.78; MN.iii.110; AN.iii.116, AN.iii.293 sq., AN.iii.310,…

…AN.i.30; Ja.i.97.

• -ārāma a residence for members of the Order Ja.i.94; Vb-a.13.
• -kamma an act…

dog (lit. “son of Saramā”) Mhbv.111.

Vedic sārameya

1. nature, character, habit behaviour; usually as-˚ in adj. function “being of such a nature,” like, having the character of…, e.g. adāna˚; of stingy character, illiberal Snp.244; Pv-a.68 (+ macc …

Tapa & Tapo

1. torment, punishment, penance, esp. religious austerity, self-chastisement ascetic practice. This was condemned by the Buddha: Gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ upavadati …

Tapa & Tapo

1. torment, punishment, penance, esp. religious austerity, self-chastisement ascetic practice. This was condemned by the Buddha: Gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ upavadati …

Tarati¹

(lit.) to go or get through, to cross (a river), pass over, traverse (fig.) to get beyond, i.e. to surmount, overcome, esp oghaṃ (the great flood of life, desire, ignorance, etc.) …

taken up, taken, acquired Vin.i.212; Ja.iii.168 (˚sippa, adj.), Ja.iii.325; Ja.iv.220; Ja.vi.76; Vism.241. The metric form is uggahīta at Snp.795, Snp.833, Snp.1098 Mnd.175 = Cnd.152 (= gahita parām …

adjective out of one’s mind, mad SN.v.447 (+ viceta); Ja.v.386; Mil.122; Sdhp.88; Pv-a.40 (˚puggala read with variant reading SS for dummati puggala). Cp. next & ummāda.

• *-[r …

minor perfection Bv.i.77 (opp. paramattha-pāramī); Dhp-a.i.84.

upa + pāramī, cp. upa 5

to cease, desist, to be quiet Ja.iii.489; Ja.v.391 (variant reading for upāramati, also in C.); Mil.152.

upa + ram

cessation Mil.41, Mil.44 (an˚).

cp. lit. Sk. uparama, to uparamati

having ceased, desisting from (-˚), restraining oneself (cp. orata) Vin.i.245 (ratt-ûparata abstaining from food at night = ratti-bhojanato uparata DN-a.i.77); DN.i.5 (id.); MN.i.319 (bhaya˚); Snp …

to cease, to desist Ja.v.391, Ja.v.498.

upa + ā + ram

highest amount, climax, limit DN-a.i.169 (for paramatā).

abstr. fr. uttama

˚- speech, words; rare by itself (and in this case re-established from compounds and poetical, as at Snp.472 (yassa vacī kharā; explained at Snp-a.409 by “vācā”), Snp.973 (cudito vacīhi = vācāhi Sn …

…fond of dissociation or causing separation MN.i.286; Iti.11 (+ adhamma-ṭṭha; translation Seidenstücker…

…field, plot Vin.iii.50 (ārāma˚ & vihāra˚), Vin.iii.90 (id.); Snp.209, Snp.473 (sakhetta˚, cp. vatthu¹ 4), Snp.769 (khetta +),…

appearance etc (lit. “cover, coating”). There is a considerable fluctuation of meaning, especially between meanings 2, 3, 4. One may group as follows.

1. colour Snp.447 (meda˚); SN.v.216 (chavi˚ of t …

adjective pertaining to ascertainment, making clear, explaining Pv-a.244 (paramattha˚).

fr. vibhāvana

1. to take hold of, to quarrel, to be in disharmony with; only in ger. viggayha disputing quarrelling, fighting Vin.ii.106 (read gg for g Bdhgh on p. 315: rubbing against each other); Ud.69; Snp.844, …

(Viparāmāsa) highway robbery DN.i.5 (explained as twofold at DN-a.i.80, viz. hima˚ & gumba˚ or hidden by the snow & a thicket; the pop. etym given here is “janaṃ musanti,” i.e. they steal, or begui …

brightness, splendour, excellency; (ethically) purity, holiness, sanctification virtue, rectitude Vin.i.105 (visuddho paramāya visuddhiyā); DN.i.53; DN.iii.214 (diṭṭhi˚, sīla˚), DN.iii.288; MN.i.147; …

dispute, quarrel, contention DN.i.236; DN.iii.246; AN.iv.401; Snp.596, Snp.863, Snp.877, Snp.912; Mnd.103, Mnd.167 Mnd.173, Mnd.260, Mnd.307; Pp.19, Pp.22; Ud.67; Ja.i.165; Mil.413; Vv-a.131. There a …

*Vuṇāti

The two meanings of the root vṛ; as existing in Sk. are also found in Pāli but only peculiar to the Caus. vāreti (the form aor avari as given by Childers should be re …

female yakkha, a vampire. Their character is usually fierce & full of spite & vengeance, addicted to man- & beast-murder (cp. yakkha 2). They are very much like Petīs in habits. With their names cp. …

to restrain, suppress, to become tranquil; only in stanza Dhp.6 = Thag.275 = Ja.iii.488 as 1^st pl. med yamāmase in imper. sense: “pare ca na vijānanti mayaṃ ettha yamāmase,” which is expl …

adjective a yojana in extent Ja.i.92 (vihāra); Dpvs.17, 108 (ārāma); Dhp-a.i.274 (maṇipallanka).

fr. yojana

indeclinable lokasmiṃ yad idam arahanto “as far as the abodes of beings, as far as heaven, these are the highest these are the best, I mean the Arahants.” SN.iii.84 yāvatā dhammā sankhatā vā asankhatā …

knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of …

1. putting up, putting down, placing, laying AN.iv.41 (aggissa ādhānaṃ, variant reading of 6 MSS ādānaṃ).
2. receptacle MN.i.414 (udak˚), cp. ādheyya.
3. enclosure, hedge Mil.220 (kaṇṭak˚ thorny brake …

oblation, sacrifice; veneration, adoration MN.iii.167; SN.i.141; Thag.566 (-īnaṃ paṭiggaho recipient of sacrificial gifts); Ja.i.15; Ja.v.70 (id.) Vv.64#33 (paramâhutiṃ gato deserving the highest a …

touched, handled Ja.i.98 (an˚); DN-a.i.107 (= parāmaṭṭha); Sdhp.333.

Sk. āmṛṣṭa, pp. of āmasati; cp. āmasita

see ārāmika.

pleasure, satisfaction AN.ii.28; AN.iii.116; Vb.381; Mil.233.

abstr. fr. ārāma 1

…(id.), AN.iii.275 (˚pesaka); Ja.i.38 (˚kicca Vism.74 (˚samaṇuddesa)
■ f. ārāmakiṇī a female attendant or visitor of an Ārāma…