…at once, now; first; just; still, yet; indeed, truly; esp. with imperat.; na tāva not; frequently tāva-d-eva, at that time; just then; at…

…like to give Pv.ii.7#6. na-tāva (or tāva in neg. sentence) not yet, not even, not so much as (= Lat. ne-quidem) Pv.ii.11#2 (na ca tāva…

…his death he was born in Tāvatiṃsā; he visited the Buddha to refute a statement made about him by the naked ascetic Pātikaputta to the…

A banker (seṭṭhi) of Sāvatthī who became famous because of his unparalleled generosity to the Buddha. His first meeting with the Buddha was during the first year after the Enlightenment, in Rājagaha …

Inhabitants of the fifth of the nine abodes of beings (sattāvāsā). These beings are unconscious and experience nothing. AN.iv.401 As soon as an idea occurs to them they fall from their state. DN.i.28

One of the tortures of purgatory. In the distance the grove appears as a mango grove, and when the inhabitants of purgatory enter, wishing to eat the mangoes, leaves which are sharp like swords fall o …

…powers. Once, while in Tāvatiṃsā heaven, he saw the whole city decked with splendour and the gods engaged in great rejoicing. On inquiry…

AṅgulimālaAhiṃsakaGaggaMantāniputta

A robber and murderer who was converted by the Buddha in the twentieth year of his ministry, and who later became an arahant. MN86

As a result of his deeds whole …

When the Buddha, at Jetavana, laid down the rule that monks should eat one meal a day and that in the morning, Bhaddāli protested and refused to keep this rule because he said that, in so eating, he w …

BojjhāBocchā

An eminent laywoman. The Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.iv.259 AN.iv.347 records a visit paid by her to the Buddha at Jetavana. The Buddha then preached to her on the uposatha and the advantages …

…the Bhaddekaratta Sutta in Tāvatiṃsā.MN.iii.199f. The Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.i.53 records a conversation between Candana and the Buddha and a…

A headman of Sāvatthī. He came to see the Buddha at Jetavana and asked him why some people earned the reputation of being wrathful and others of being kindly. The Buddha explained that the one man giv …

Cunda¹

A worker in metals living in Pāvā. When the Buddha reached Pāvā on his way to Kusinārā, he stayed in Cunda’s Mango grove. There Cunda visited him and invited him and the monks to a …

…their report to the gods of Tāvatiṃsā, who rejoice or lament according as to whether men prosper in righteousness or not. AN.i.142f.

These…

In the old Pāḷi literature the name Dakkhiṇāpatha would seem to indicate only a remote settlement or colony on the banks of the upper Godāvarī. Thus, we are told that Bāvarī had his hermitage in Dakkh …

A monk, a close relative of the Buddha, who split the Sangha, and attempted to overthrow the Buddha and have him murdered. In one passage in the Vinaya, Vin.ii.189 Devadatta is spoken of as Godhiputta …

A devaputta who visits the Buddha at Jetavana and tells him that an arahant has to work hard for nothing. The Buddha points out to him that there is nothing left for an arahant to do. SN.i.47

A brahmin who visits the Buddha at Jetavana and asks him various questions on castes and their distinctions, from the point of view of their functions. The Buddha replies that birth’s invidious bar ha …

GijjhakūṭaVulture’s Peak

One of the five hills encircling Rājagaha. It was evidently a favourite resort of those who followed the religious life.

The Buddha seems to have been attracted by its solit …

An upāsaka of Icchānaṅgala. Once he visited the Buddha at Jetavana after a long interval, and on being asked why he had been absent so long, he replied that he had been kept busy by various duties. …

…Buddha once declared that the people of Jambudīpa excel those of both Uttarakuru and Tāvatiṃsā in three respects—courage,…

Jeta¹

A prince. Owner of Jetavana, which he sold to Anāthapiṇḍika for eighteen crores. He then spent all that money on the erection of a gateway at the entrance, which he decorated with mu …

JetavanaJeta’s GroveAnāthapiṇḍaka’s ParkAnāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmaAnāthapiṇḍada’s Park

A park in Sāvatthī, in which was built the Anāthapiṇḍikārāma. When the Buddha accepted Anāthapiṇḍika’s invitation to …

A goddess of Tāvatiṃsā, a former wife of Anuruddha. Once seeing him old and feeble, she appeared before him in Kosala and bade him aspire to…

A great brahmin, ranking with eminent brahmins such as Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti and Todeyya. Snp.p.115 He is mentioned as staying in Icchānaṅgala, MN.ii.196 where he evidently took part in the pe …

A building in the Jetavana where the Mahāpadāna Sutta was taught. DN.ii.1ff.

Jetavana3building

A pavilion near the Karerikutikā, evidently a hall with a thatched roof supported by wooden pillars, but with no walls.DN.ii.1 The monks seem to have been in the habit of sitting out here and talking …

Kassapa¹

One of the seven Buddhas mentioned in the Canon. DN.ii.7

Among those who attained arahantship under Kassapa is mentioned Gavesī, who, with his five hundred followers, strove alwa …

Khema¹

A Khattiya in the time of Kakusandha Buddha. He gave alms to the Buddha and the monks and entertained the Order. DN.ii.7

Khema²

A devaputta who visited the Buddha at …

A river in Avīci, flowing alongside the Asipattavana. MN.iii.185

5river

KokālikaKokāliya

A monk, one of the chief partisans of Devadatta. Knowing the Buddha’s might, he was, at first, reluctant to join in Devadatta’s plot against him, but later allowed himself to be pers …

A village of the Kāsis, on the road from Kāsi to Sāvatthī. It was the headquarters of the followers of Assaji and Punabbasu, who lived there, behaving in a shameless and wicked manner. A certain monk, …

…compared them to the gods of Tāvatiṃsā. DN.ii.96

Though this would seem to indicate that they were very prosperous and rich, they do not appear…

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

MahākoṭṭhitaMahākotthitaKoṭṭhitaKotthita

One of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, ranked foremost among masters of analytical knowledge. AN.i.24 His Theragāthā verse speaks of contentment and sha …

Mahāpajāpatī GotamīPajāpatī

An eminent bhikkhunī and the step-mother of the Buddha. She raised the Buddha as her own child after the death of his mother.

She is chiefly remembered as the first bhik …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that one should only stay in a dwelling that is conducive to the goal. Thag.105

The capital city where King Koñca lived, whose daughter was Sumedhā Therī. Thig.450

4town

Nandaka¹

Once, at the Buddha’s request, he preached a sermon to the nuns; on the first day they became sotāpannas, and, on the second, five hundred of them attained arahantship. MN.iii.270 …

…where the inhabitants of Tāvatiṃsā, headed by Indra, go for their amusement. AN.iii.40 Cakkavatti kings are born in Tāvatiṃsā after…

Nandiya¹

He belonged to a Sākiyan family of Kapilavatthu, and was called Nandiya because his birth brought bliss. He left the world at the same time as Anuruddha, Kimbila and the others, a …

Hell. The Saṃyutta and Aṅguttara Nikāyas and the Sutta Nipāta contain a list of hells: Abbuda, Nirabbuda, Ababa, Aṭaṭa, Ahaha, Kumuda, Sogandhika, Uppala, Puṇḍarīka, Paduma. SN.i.149 AN.v.173 Snp.p.12 …

A class of devas, inhabitants of the highest stage of the sensuous universe.

They are described AN.i.210 SN.v.410 SN.v.423 DN.ii.91 DN.iii.218 as “beings who desire the creation of others, in order t …

A devaputta who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and uttered a verse to the effect that the man who understands jhāna finds room even among crowding obstacles. The Buddha corrects him, saying that t …

A wanderer. Jāṇussoṇi once met him returning from Jetavana, where he had gone early to wait on the Buddha. Pilotika, on being questioned, spoke very highly of the Buddha. It is this conversation which …

A little boy Yakkha. While his mother, with him on her hip, was seeking for food at night, she came unexpectedly to Jetavana where Anuruddha was reciting some verses. The sound pleased her and she sto …

A brahmin of Sāvatthī. He visited the Buddha at Jetavana and the Buddha preached to him the Cūḷasāropama Sutta, at the end of which he declared himself the Buddha’s follower. MN.i.198ff.

A Yakkhinī, mother of Punabbasu. One evening towards sunset, when the Buddha was at Jetavana, she, with her daughter Uttarā on her hip and the boy’s hand in hers, came to the grove in search of food. …

PālileyyaPārileyyaPārileyyaka

A town near Kosambī. When the Buddha found that he could not persuade the Kosambī monks to refrain from quarrelling, he left Kosambī alone and unattended, and passing th …

A tree in Tāvatiṃsā, which grew in the Nandanavana. The devas eagerly watch each stage of development of leaf and flower, and each stage is…

…but Ajita was born in Tāvatiṃsā and accused Pātikaputta of being a liar. Later, the Buddha visited the hermitage of Pātikaputta, with a…

…while Uttara was born in Tāvatiṃsā.

Gavampati met Pāyāsi in the deva world, and Pāyāsi instructed him to teach men to give their gifts…

Rakkhita ¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of having uprooted all defilements and become cool. Thag.79

Rakkhita²Rakkhitavanasaṇḍa

A forest tract near the village of Pāril …

A devaputta. He once visited the Buddha at Jetavana and asked if one could, by travelling, reach the end of the world where there would be no birth, old age, death, etc. The Buddha said that such wa …

A city, the capital of Māgadha.

The place was called Giribbaja (mountain stronghold) because it was surrounded by five hills—Paṇḍava, Gijjhakūṭa, Vebhāra, Isigili and Vepulla. It is said MN.iii.68 th …

…name. Though king of the Tāvatiṃsā devas, he is no absolute monarch. He is imagined rather in the likeness of a chieftain of a Kosala clan….

SalaḷāgāraSalalaghara

A building in Jetavana. Once when Sakka went to visit the Buddha he found him in the Salaḷāgāra, wrapt in samādhi, with Bhuñjatī waiting on him. Sakka therefore left a message w …

Sambhūta¹Sītavaniya

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of how a bhikkhu in the Sītavana (Cool Grove) is victorious. Thag.6

Sambhūta²Sānavāsī

When the Vajjiputtaka heresy aro …

…that Sakka and all the Tāvatiṃsā Devas should honour and follow the Buddha. His voice has all the eight characteristics of a Brahmā’s…

SappasoṇḍikapabbhāraSappasoṇḍika

A mountain cave in the Sītavana, near Rājagaha. DN.ii.116 A conversation which took place there between Sāriputta and Upasena, just before the latter’s death, is reco …

A devaputta who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and held a conversation with him regarding the giving of food. He tells the Buddha that he was formerly a king, a great giver of gifts at the four gate …

Soṇa¹

A Thera, declared chief of those possessing clear utterance. AN.i.24 He lived in Avantī, where he met Mahākaccāna and was later ordained by him, after much difficulty assembling the …

Sudatta¹

A lay disciple of Nādikā who had become a sakadāgāmin. DN.ii.92 SN.v.356f.

Sudatta²

A devaputta who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and spoke two stanzas on the va …

SuddhikabhāradvājaSuddhikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and stated that a man can be purified only by knowledge of the Vedas. The Buddha answered that it is not knowledge of …

…Vin.i.15–20

Sudhamma¹

The meeting hall of the deities in Tāvatiṃsā heaven. DN.ii.268 MN.ii.79 SN.i.221 Thag.1198

5building

…of King Koñca of Mantāvatī. Her Therīgāthā verses, of which she has the greatest number of any of the nuns, speak of the emptiness of…

…general who had been born in Tāvatiṃsā, to the effect that Pātikaputta was “a liar and a cheat,” and was later able to prove that these…

Sundarī¹

A bhikkhunī whose Therīgāthā verses consist of a dialogue, firstly between her father Sujāta and a bhikkhunī, Vāsiṭṭhī, Thig.313–324 and later between Sundarī and her mother. Thig …

Sutavā¹

A Pacceka Buddha mentioned in a nominal list. MN.iii.69

Sutavā²

A wanderer who visited the Buddha on Gijjhakūṭa and questioned him regarding the description of an arah …

A class of devas. When they wish to regale their bodies, the weather becomes cool. SN.iii.256

A grove near Rājagaha where Anāthapiṇḍika first met the Buddha. When Anāthapiṇḍika approached it, he was filled with fear and trembling. But he was reassured by a friendly Yakkha, Sīvaka. Vin.ii.155*f …

Sīvaka¹

A Yakkha who helped Anāthapiṇḍika to find the Buddha at Sītavana.Vin.ii.155f. SN.i.211 He is mentioned among the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in time of …

Tavakaṇṇika, Tavannika, Tavakinnoka

A householder who realised Nibbāna from knowledge of the Tathāgata. He is mentioned in a list of such householders, but nothing further is known of him. AN.iii.451

Tavakaṇṇika, Tavannika, Tavakinnoka

A householder who realised Nibbāna from knowledge of the Tathāgata. He is mentioned in a list of such householders, but nothing further is known of him. AN.iii.451

Tavakaṇṇika, Tavannika, Tavakinnoka

A householder who realised Nibbāna from knowledge of the Tathāgata. He is mentioned in a list of such householders, but nothing further is known of him. AN.iii.451

Tissa¹

One of the two chief disciples of Vipassī Buddha. DN.ii.4

Tissa²

A monk who was reborn as a Brahmā with great iddhi-powers. Moggallāna visited him soon after his bir …

…world. Tāvatiṃsā stands at the top of Mount Sineru. Sakka is king of Tāvatiṃsā.

Tāvatiṃsā was also known as Tidasā and…

A great brahmin. Having made preparations for a great sacrifice, in which numerous animals were to be slaughtered, he visited the Buddha at Jetavana to consult him as to the efficacy of the sacrifice. …

The name given to a group of devas who once visited the Buddha at Jetavana late at night. They charged the Buddha with inconsistency, but later, begging his forgiveness, they were pardoned by him. SN.i.23–25

A monk whose verse is recorded in the Theragāthā. Thag.65

Upananda¹

A monk, belonging to the Sākyan clan, who was known for his greed in procuring requisites. Several incidents connected with him are mentioned in the Vinaya. Once he promised to s …

…world, Uttara was born in Tāvatiṃsā. DN.ii.354–357

Uttara⁶

A pupil of Brahmāyu. He was sent by his teacher from Mithilā to…

A Yakkhinī, mother of Punabbasu and Uttarā. Once as she passed Jetavana at sunset looking for food, with her daughter on her hip and holding her son by his finger, she saw the assembly, intently liste …

…the Asuras, the devas of Tāvatiṃsā were asked to look upon the banner of Varuṇa in order to have all their fears dispelled. SN.i.219

In…

…the Buddha visited Tāvatiṃsā with Nanda, Sakka was in the palace with his pink-footed nymphs and came forward with them to greet…

A river in the Great Hell. SN.i.21 Snp.674 It may be the same as the great “Caustic River” referred to in the Devadatta Sutta. MN.iii.185 Its waters are sharp and bitter, Snp.674 and the river flows b …

…in such passages as ettāvatā yakkhassa suddhi, Snp.478 or ettāvat’ aggam no vadanti h’ ekā, yakkhassa suddhim idha paṇḍitāse….

YasojaYasojoti

The Udāna mentions Ud.iii.3 how Yasoja and five hundred of his companions went to see the Buddha at Jetavana. There they stood talking to the monks who lived there and made a great upr …

…of devas between those of Tāvatiṃsā and those of Tusita.Vin.i.12 AN.i.228 AN.iii.287 MN.ii.194 MN.iii.100 Two hundred years of human life are…

of wonderful beauty

having an end, limited, finite

having an end, limited, finite

without bend or crookedness

the title of an arahat

forest of trees with swords or knives for leaves

grasping the theory of an (enduring) self or soul

who has become in control of his thoughts, who has attained mastery over his thoughts.

the being (like) one who is tamed?

ivory colored.

on a site pointed out or specified.

welcoming: saying “come, you are welcome”.

welcoming: saying “come, you are welcome”.

welcoming: saying “come, you are welcome”.

welcoming: saying “come, you are welcome”.

living together

by just so much, with this much; to such an extent; so far, to that extent; thus.

so great, of such extent.

so great, of such extent.

having such as its highest limit, i.e. only as good as such, only so great

only to such an extent, only as greatly

or mfn.

having been given the opportunity; having been given consent; having obtained a chance or scope

dice-player, a gambler; a cheat; (according to commentaries : a bird catcher who deceives the birds by covering himself with branches etc, or his deception, camouflage)

dice-player, a gambler; a cheat; (according to commentaries : a bird catcher who deceives the birds by covering himself with branches etc, or his deception, camouflage)

with how much? how far? how? by virtue of what attributes? defined how?.

having a dwelling.

having a dwelling.

of various colors or appearance.

of various colors or appearance.

wearing white clothes (the mark of a householder)

weaver.

the section on lying down (Vinaya IV)

indeclinable at that time; just then; at once.

so long.

adverb temporarily.

(-ikā)n. just so much; just so long.

(-ikā)n. however many (with yāvataka—yāvataka va tāvataka vā)

with just so much; merely with that.

indeclinable for a period of so many days.

, n., & masculine plural

1. (mfn.) numbering 33; belonging to the group of 33 (gods); (m.pl.) the 33 gods; those reborn in the world of the 33 gods.
2. (n.) the world of the 33 gods.

(-ikā)n.

by (only) so much; for so long; to such an extent; as correlative of yāvata (and yāva):

twice plastered; plastered inside and out

raised and depressed; prominent and low; elated and cast down

with one; s youth gone, advanced in age

occasion of ill-will; reason for resentment

Abodes: vihāra The 4 Divine abodes: brahma-vihāra The 9 abodes of beings: sattāvāsa

Avacara: S phere, realm, level or dimension. The 3 levels of existence are: the sense-level kāmāvacara, the fine-material level rūpāvacara, the formless level arūpāvacara. Which things are …

Beings: The 9 worlds of: sattāvāsa.

Patti-dāna: lit. ‘giving of the acquired’, i.e. ‘transference of merit.’ Though in the older texts very seldom mentioned e.g. A VII, 50, it is, however, a widespread custom in all Buddhist countr …

Tāvatimsa: ‘the Thirty-thrce Gods’, a class of divine beings in the sense-sphere; see: deva I.

noun adjective

1. (nt.) that which is not “vata” i.e. moral obligation, breaking of the moral obligation Snp.839 (asīlata +); Mnd.188 (variant reading SS abhabbata; expl^d. again as a-vat …

adjective = antara, i.e. internal, inner, being within or between; nt. -ṃ the inner part, interior, interval (see [as ˚-](/define/as ˚-)) Vin.i.111 (satt˚ with interval of seven); AN.iv.16 (opp. …

adjective facing, turned towards, approaching Ja.ii.3 (˚ā ahesuṃ met each other). usually -˚ turned to, going to, inclined towards DN.i.50 (purattha˚) Ja.i.203 (devaloka˚), Ja.i.223 (varaṇa-rukkha˚) …

adjective noun one who has found or obtained Vv-a.296 (Nibbānaṃ).

fr. adhigata

adjective exceeding, extraordinary, superior, Pp.35; Vv-a.80 (= anadhivara, visiṭṭha); DN-a.i.141, DN-a.i.222; Dpvs.v.32 (an˚); Dhp-a.iii.238 Kp-a.193 (= anuttara); Sdhp.337, Sdhp.447
■ compar …

adjective not intoxicated, not enjoying or finding pleasure in Snp.853 (sātiyesu a. = sātavatthusa kāmaguṇesu taṇhasanthavavirahita Snp-a.549).

an + assāvin; cp. assāva + āsava

Anta¹

1. end, finish, goal SN.iv.368 (of Nibbāna); Snp.467; Ja.ii.159. antaṃ karoti to make an end (of) Snp.283, Snp.512; Dhp.275, cp. antakara, ˚kiriyā
   ■ loc. ante at the end of, …

adjective Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between” as adj. “inner”; in prep. use & in compounds “inside, in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides …

adjective having an end, finite DN.i.22, DN.i.31, DN.i.187; Pts.i.151 sq.; Pts.i.157; Dhs.1099, Dhs.1117, Dhs.1175; Mil.145. -anantavant endless, infinite AN.v.193 (loka) See also loka.

anta^{1 …}

licking off, in cpd. hatthāpalekhana “hand-licking” (i.e. licking one’s hand after a meal, the practice of certain ascetics) MN.i.77 (with variant reading hatthâvalekhana …

adjective noun Before Buddhism used as honorific title of high officials like the English ʻHis Worship’; at the rise of Buddhism applied popularly to all ascetics (Dial. iii.3–⁠6). Adopted by the Bu …

adjective one who has not heard, ignorant MN.i.1, MN.i.8, MN.i.135; Dhs.1003, Dhs.1217, cp. Dhs trsl.258.

a + sutavant

atta (the latter is the form used in comp^n.)

I. Inflection

1. of attan- (n. stem); the foll. cases are the most freq:
   ■ acc. attānaṃ DN.i.13, DN.i.18 …

Ava˚

prefix

I. Relation between ava & o

Phonetically the difference between ava & o is this, that; ava is the older form, whereas o represents a later development. Histor …

Avakāsa & okāsa

1. “appearance”: akkhuddâvakāso dassanāya not little (or inferior) to behold (of appearance) DN.i.114; ariyāvakāsa appearing noble or having the app. of an Aryan Ja.v.87; katâvakāsa pu …

(-˚) besmeared; in cpd. ullittāvalitta “smeared up & down” i.e. plastered inside & outside AN.i.101.

Sk. avalipta, pp. of ava-limpati

adjective unobstructed, unhindered, free. Of a woman, not married Ja.v.213 (= apetâvaraṇā, which read for ˚bharaṇā, apariggahitā C.).

a + vāvaṭa

adverb elsewhere, somewhere else Ja.v.252; Pv.iv.1#62. In comp^n. also añña˚, e.g. aññatra-yoga (adj.) following another discipline DN.i.187; MN.i.487
■ As prep. c. abl. (and instr.) but …

adjective to strengthen, cp. upabrūhana, paribbūḷha much, many, large, abundant; plenty; in compound also very, greatly (˚-) instr. sg. bahunā Dhp.166; nom. pl bahavo Vin.iii.90; Dhp.307, & *bahū …

adjective having relatives, rich in kinsmen; only as Np. m bandhumā Name of father of the Buddha Vipassin DN.ii.11 = Vism.433; f. bandhumatī Name of mother of the Buddha Vipassin …

luck, lot, fortune, only in cpd. dub˚; (adj.) unhappy, unpleasant uncomfortable Iti.90; DN-a.i.96 (˚karaṇa)
■ bhaga (in verse “bhagehi ca vibhattavā” in exegesis of word “Bhaga …

adjective possessing reverence or worship(pers), worshipful, adored; in a (late) verse analysing fancifully the word “Bhagavant, at DN-a.i.34 = Vism.210 sq. Explained at Vism.212 by “bhaji-sevi-bah …

adjective having eaten, one who has eaten Ja.v.170 (= kata-bhatta-kicca); Vv-a.244.

bhutta + vant

Bodhi¹

feminine (supreme knowledge, enlightenment, the knowledge possessed by a Buddha (see also sambodhi & sammā-sambodhi) MN.i.356; MN.ii.95 = DN.iii.237 (saddho h …

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

…forms ending in t & d (like tāvat kocid, etc.) & thus restored in compounds where the simplex has lost it:
dvipa-d-uttama Snp.995;…

…which in their totality (cp. tāvatiṃsa) include some or most of the well-known Vedic deities. Thus some collect. designations are *devā…

adjective (-˚) bearing, holding, having DN.i.74 (udaka-rahado sītavāri˚); MN.i.281 (ubhato˚) Snp.336 (ukkā˚); Iti.101 (antimadeha˚), Iti.108 (ukkā˚). See also dhārin.

Sk. dhāra …

view, belief, dogma, theory, speculation, esp. false theory, groundless or unfounded opinion

1. The latter is rejected by the Buddha as pāpa˚; (AN.iv.172) and pāpikā d. (opp bhaddikā: AN.v.212 sq …

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

Dussa¹

neuter woven material, cloth, turban cloth; (upper) garment, clothes Vin.i.290 Vin.ii.128, Vin.ii.174; Vin.iv.159. DN.i.103; SN.v.71; MN.i.215; MN.ii.92; AN.v.347; Snp.679; Pv.i.10# …

adjective noun

1. the second, following, next Ja.i.504 (˚cittavāre); ˚ṃ a second time MN.i.83
2. a companion; only in f. dutiyikā a wife or female compound Vin.iv.230, Vin.iv.270 (a bhikkhunī as co …

…Dhp-a.ii.91; Pv-a.201 (+ tāva = α ̓́γεδή). ehipassika (adj.) [ehi + passa ika] of the Dhamma, that which…

…Snp-a.4; Pv-a.243.

fr. etta = ettaka, cp. kittāvatā: kittaka

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

adjective noun a householder, one who leads a domestic life, a layman (opp. pabbajita & paribbājaka). Geu. sg. gihissa (DN.iii.147, DN.iii.167) & gihino (DN.iii.174); n. pl. gihī; in compounds *gihī …

laughing, merry; (nt.) laughter, mirth AN.i.261; Pv.iii.3#5 (= hasitavant hasita-mukhin C.); Mil.297 Bv.i.28; Ja.i.62 (? read hesita); Ja.iii.223; Vism.20.

• -uppāda “genesis of …

…Dhp.97; Dhp-a.ii.188; hatāvasesaka surviving DN.i.135 pakkha˚; a cripple (q.v.); -vikkhittaka slain & cut up…

…a Vedic story. But Devā Tāvatiṃsā sahindakā means the T. gods together with their leader (DN.ii.208–DN.ii.212; SN.iii.90; cp. Vv.30#1)…

…yāvatakaṃ ñeyyaṃ tāvatakaṃ ñāṇaṃ (knowledge coincides with the knowable, or: his knowledge is in proportion to the k., i.e. he…

…or ˚kkhaya: so… na tāva kālaṃ karoti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ vyanti hoti “He does not die so long as the evil karma is…

(& sometimes; kaṭa) done, worked, made. Extremely rare as v. trs. in the common meaning of E. make, Ger. machen, or Fr. faire (see the cognate kapp and jan, also uppajjati & viss …

1. throat AN.iv.131; Ja.v.448; Mil.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati, is hoarse); Pv-a.280 (akkharāni mahatā kaṇṭhena uccaritāni). The throat of Petas is narrow and parched with thirst: Pv-a.99 (k-oṭṭha-tālūnaṃ …

adjective deceitful, false, hypocritic Ja.i.461 (explained by biḷāra); Ja.iv.220; Ja.iv.223 (= kirāsa) MN-a.152; Dhp-a.iii.389 (= saṭha)
■ a˚ honest, frank Ja.v.117 (= akitava, ajūtakara).

fr. kirāṭa

adjective one who is fully accomplished, an Arahant; often with mahesi and uttamapurisa Defⁿ sabbaguṇa-paripuṇṇa sabba-yoga-visaṃyutta Snp-a.153
■ ye suvimuttā t …

…= MN.iii.16: “kittāvatā nu kho khandhānaṃ khandhâdhivacanaṃ rūpaṃ (etc.) atītânāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā…

…above, Cātummahārājika˚, Tāvatiṃsa˚ Māra˚, Brahma˚) at MN.i.72 = DN.iii.260;

• -mahāsāla “the wealthy…

phlegm, saliva, foam; usually with singhānikā mucus, sometimes in the sense of perspiration, sweat AN.i.34; AN.iv.137; Snp.196 (+ singh˚); Kp ii. = Mil.26 (cp Vism.263 in detail, & Kp-a.66); Ja.i.61 …

1. (adj.) that which ought to be done, that which is to be performed; nt something to do Dhp-a.i.15. defined as kātabban ti kiccaṃ kiñcid eva karaṇīyan ti Kp-a.218; kattabaṃ karaṇīyaṃ Dhp-a.iii.452 …

1. adorned: mālā˚ adorned with garlands Vin.iii.249.
2. soiled, only in cpds kaṇṇa˚; said of a wall, also of the ground at Vin.i.48 Vin.ii.209; and paṃsu˚; soiled with dust Vin.ii.121, Vin.ii.174. …

Kitava & kitavā

one who plays false; a cheat; adj. deceitful SN.i.24; Ja.v.116; Ja.v.117 (a˚)
■ kitavā at Dhp.252 (= Dhp-a.iii.375) in combination with saṭha also at Ja.vi.228, …

Kitava & kitavā

one who plays false; a cheat; adj. deceitful SN.i.24; Ja.v.116; Ja.v.117 (a˚)
■ kitavā at Dhp.252 (= Dhp-a.iii.375) in combination with saṭha also at Ja.vi.228, …

adverb to what extent? how far? in what respect? K˚ nu kho mahāpurisa hoti “in what respect is a man a great man?” Cnd.502 B; k˚ nu kho paññavā ti vuccati? MN.i.292. Kitti & Kitti

1. as nt. subst. what? sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ what is the obstruction? Snp.1032; kiṃ tava patthanāya what is it about your wish, i.e. what good is your wish? Vv-a.226; kim idaṃ this is what, that is …

the end—

1. of space: the extreme part, top, summit, point (cp. anta to which it is opposed at Ja.vi.371): dhanu-koṭiṃ nissāya “through the (curved) end of my bow,” i.e. by means …

brushwood or a small, and therefore unproductive, wood Snp.1134 (expl. Nd ii.by rittavanaka appabhakkha appodaka).

fr. kuṃ-vana

the safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, used for dying red Ja.v.211 (˚rattavattha); Ja.vi.264 (do) Khus Ja.iv.2.

adjective indolent, inert, inactive. Expl. by kāma-vitakkādīhi vitakkehi vītināmanakapuggalo Dhp-a.ii.260; by nibbiriyo Dhp-a.iii.410; by alaso Pv-a.175, Often combined with *[hīnaviriya](/define/ …

“being made up.”

1. Work. The beginning of things was the work of Brahmā. The use of kutta implies that the work was so easy as to be nearer play than work, and to have been carried out in a mood of …

(variant reading S. kū˚; B. kulāvaka) a nest Ja.iii.74; variant reading at Dhp-a.ii.23 (for kuṭikā).

…out of season Mil.114 (cp. akāla).

■ See also tāva-kālika.

fr. kāla 2

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

…dibbā kāyā AN.i.143; Tāvatiṃsa DN.iii.15.

Applied meaning

Kāya under the physical aspect is an aggregate of a multiplicity…

…dhammā; yāva lokappavatti tāva-anivattikā dhammā ti vuttaṃ hoti Kp-a.153, cp. Ja.iii.468); Mil.146. Usually comprising a set of eight,…

…than that Ja.i.153; na tāva = na kho Vv.37#13; na nu (in quest. noune) is it not? Pv-a.74, Pv-a.136; na no surely not Snp.224 na hi…

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

…(mind). mano nibbāyi tāvade Ja.i.27; disvā mano me pasīdi Vv.50#14.

4. The Path: dhīra. lokapariyāyaṃ…

adjective forming or having a receptacle, worth treasuring or saving DN.i.4 (= hadaye nidhātabba-yuttavāca DN-a.i.76). Nidhapeti, Nidhaya & Nidhiyati;

adjective parting company with Mil.288 (kamma˚).

to niketa

adjective past participle

measured out, planned, laid out; created (by supernatural power iddhi); measured, stately DN.i.18, DN.i.56 (iddhiyā pi DN-a.i.167), DN.i.219 (Su˚ devaputta. Np.), ibid. (Pa …

1. (of thunati¹) moan, groan DN-a.i.291 (as variant reading BB for nitthanana)-
2. (of thunati²) blame, censure, curse Pv-a.76 (˚ṃ karoti to revile or curse).

Sk. *nis-stan …

…in truth Pv-a.2; nāma tāva certainly Dhp-a.i.392, etc.

• -kamma giving a name, naming, denotation Dhs.1306 Bdhd.83
• -karaṇa…

(nt. m.) diversity, variety, manifoldness, multiformity, distraction; all sorts of (opp. ekatta, cp. MN.i.364: “the multiformity of sensuous impressions,” M.A.). Enumⁿ of diversity as nānat …

Avakāsa & okāsa

1. “appearance”: akkhuddâvakāso dassanāya not little (or inferior) to behold (of appearance) DN.i.114; ariyāvakāsa appearing noble or having the app. of an Aryan Ja.v.87; katâvakāsa pu …

1. make-up, getting up, fixing, arrangement, preparation mode, way, manner Ja.ii.222; DN-a.i.132; Pv-a.26 Pv-a.109, Pv-a.123, Pv-a.135, Pv-a.178, Pv-a.199; Sdhp.94, Sdhp.466.
2. ingredient fla …

…Vv-a.79 (correl. with tāva). ca pana “but” Ja.i.152; atha ca pana “and yet” DN.i.139; Ja.i.279; na kho pana “certainly not”…

…Cātummahārājika˚, Tāvatiṃsa˚, Māra˚, Brahma˚ or the assemblies of nobles, brahmins, householders wanderers, of the angel hosts of…

adjective having a limit, having a set or well-defined purpose; f. -vatī (vācā) discriminating speech DN.i.4 = MN.iii.49 = Pp.58; explained as “paricchedaṃ dassetvā yatha ’ssa paricchedo paññāyati …

…pavecchanto devo pāvassi tāvade; variant reading pavattento); Pv.ii.9#43 (= deti Pv-a.130), Pv.ii.9#70 (= pavatteti ibid. Pv.ii.9#139);…

1. going in, entering, entrance Ja.i.142; Pv-a.79 (variant reading for T. ˚vesa), Pv-a.217, Pv-a.221 (asipattavana˚).
2. beginning Vv-a.71 (opp. nikkhamana).
3. putting in, application Ja.ii.102 ( …

to assent, promise, agree aor. paccassosi Vin.i.73; DN.i.236; SN.i.147, SN.i.155; Snp.p.50, and paṭisuṇi Snp-a.314; ger. -suṇitvā freq. in formula “sādhū ti patissuṇitvā” asserting his agreement, …

adjective sharp, pungent; fig. keen, wise, clever, skilful Vism.337 (˚saññākicca), Vism.338. Cp paddha¹ & pāṭava.

cp. Epic. Sk. paṭu

1. slab, tablet, plate, in compounds ayo˚; iron plate AN.iv.130, AN.iv.131; Ja.iv.7 (suvaṇṇa˚); Pv-a.43 (ayomaya˚); loha˚; brass plate Pv-a.44; silā˚ stone slab Ja.i.59 etc. When written on it i …

an ordinary, average person (4 classes of ordinary people are discussed at Cpd. 49, 50) a common worldling, a man of the people, an ordinary man MN.i.1, MN.i.7, MN.i.135, MN.i.239, MN.i.323; MN.iii. …

adjective having sons SN.iv.249. Trenckner, Notes 62¹⁶ gives a f. *puttapatī for puttavatī, but without ref.

fr. putta

one who has touched or come in direct contact with Thag-a.284.

fr. puṭṭha³, cp. same form in Prk. AMg. puṭṭhavaṃ = Sk. spṛṣṭavān: Pischel, Prk. Gr. § 569

skill Kp-a.156.

cp. late Sk. pāṭava, fr. paṭu

Pīta¹

1. having drunk or (pred.) being drunk (as liquid) SN.i.212 (madhu˚); Ja.i.198; Pv-a.25 (with asita, khāyita & sāyita as fourfold food).
2. soaked or saturated with (-˚), in *kasāya …

(& ā˚ f.) neuter choice, pleasure Dhp-a.i.387 (tava ˚ṭṭhāne according to your own liking) DN-a.i.106 (˚ā).

fr. ruccati

adjective pleasing, satisfying; nt. satisfaction Ja.i.211 (˚maccha the fish you like); Ja.ii.182 (tava ˚ṃ karosi you do whatever you like). a˚; unpleasant, distasteful Dhp-a.i.251 (attano aruccanak …

adjective tranquil Dhp.378.

fr. santa¹

Sattava = satta²

Ja.v.351. Cp. Lal.520.

a diaeretic sattva

Sattava = satta²

Ja.v.351. Cp. Lal.520.

a diaeretic sattva

sort of fish Ja.v.405. Cp. satavanka & saccavanka.

set of precepts, “preceptorial,” code of training; instruction, precept, rule

1. in general: DN.i.63, DN.i.146, DN.i.250; MN.i.33; AN.i.63, AN.i.235 sq. AN.ii.14, AN.ii.250 sq.; AN.iii.113, AN.iii.26 …

having ears, nom. pl. sotavanto SN.i.138; Vin.i.7; DN.ii.39.

sota¹ + vant

adjective one who is learned in religious knowledge Vin.i.14; AN.ii.178; AN.iii.55; AN.iv.68, AN.iv.157; SN.iii.57; Tikp.279; Snp.70 (= āgama-sampanna Snp-a.124), Snp.90, Snp.371; sutavanta-nimmita …

sweet result (of good words) kalyāṇakamma, Com.) Ja.vi.235, Ja.vi.237. Is it misspelling for sādhava (fr sādhu)?

…enaṃ at once, presently (= tāvad-eva) Vin.i.127 (cp. Ved enā); (c) therefore (cp. kiṃ wherefore, why), that is why, now, then: SN.ii.17;…

(& taco nt.)

1. bark. MN.i.198, MN.i.434, MN.i.488; AN.v.5
2. skin, hide (similar to camma, denoting the thick outer skin, as contrasted with chavi, thin skin, see chavi & cp. Ja.i …

…(= tāvataka) of such size, so large Vism.184 (corresponding with yattaka); tattakaṃ kālaṃ so long, just that time,…

…Snp-a.328.

Sk. trayaṃ triad, cp. trayī; see also tāvatiṃsa

number thirty-three Ja.i.273; Dhp-a.i.267 sq. See also under tayo & tāvatiṃsa.

tayo + tiṃsa

to praise, extol;
inf thutuṃ Snp.217 (= thometuṃ Snp-a.272).
caus thaveti [Sk. stavayati]
pp thavita Mil.361 See thuta, thuti, thoma, thometi.

Sk. stauti, Av. staviti, cp. Gr. στεϋται

…the 3 heavens (that is the Tāvatiṃsa heaven) DN.ii.167, DN.ii.272 (tidivûpapanna) SN.i.96 (˚ṃ ṭhānaṃ upeti), SN.i.181 (ākankha-māno…

…(= tidasabhavanaṃ gata Tāvatiṃsadevanikāyaṃ uppanna Vv-a.164)

• -pura the city of the 30, i.e. Heaven Mil.291; *…

sharp (of swords, axes, knives, etc.) DN.i.56 (sattha); SN.iv.160, SN.iv.167 (kuṭhārī); AN.iv.171; Snp.667 (˚dhāra), Snp.673 (asipattavana); Ja.i.253; Sdhp.381.

see tikhiṇa

…yāva kāyo ṭhassati tāva naṃ dakkhinti deva-manussā (as long as the body shall last) DN.i.46 tiṭṭhe shall he live on (cp. ṭhāna…

…then (similar in appl. to tāva); kin tu but (= quid nunc). Frequent in late verse ante tu, J.P.T.S. 1884, 5, 31, 37 etc. J.P.T.S. 1913…

Tuvaṃ & Tvaṃ

pronoun of second pers. in foll. forms & applications

I. Full forms

1. sg.:
   1. tv˚, tu˚, tuyh˚: nom. tvaṃ (in prose & verse) Snp.179, Snp.241, Snp.1029 …

Tuvaṃ & Tvaṃ

pronoun of second pers. in foll. forms & applications

I. Full forms

1. sg.:
   1. tv˚, tu˚, tuyh˚: nom. tvaṃ (in prose & verse) Snp.179, Snp.241, Snp.1029 …

lit. “so-much-ness,” i.e. relative extent or sphere, relatively Vism.481, Vism.482.

abstr. fr. tāva

…Dhp-a.iii.61
■ See also tattaka (contracted of tāvataka).

der. fr. tāva

No. 33, only in compounds denoting the 33 gods, whose chief is Sakka, while the numeral 33 is always tettiṃsa. This number occurs already in the Vedas with ref. to the gods & is …

adverb

1. so long (corr. to yāva) Dpvs.iv.17.
2. on that account, thus DN.i.104 (variant reading ettāvatā); Dhp.266.

from tāva

at Vin.ii.106 is not clear. Vin Texts iii.68 leave it untranslated. Bdhgh’s expl^n. is vattavaṭṭi (patta˚? a leaf? Cp. SN.iii.141), prob. = vaṭṭi (Sk varti a kind of pad). See details given …

…in comb^n. ullittāvalitta smeared up & down, i.e. smeared all round Vin.ii.117; MN.ii.8; AN.i.101, AN.i.137; AN.iv.231;…

1. putting down or under, foundation basis, ground, substratum (of rebirth) SN.i.117, SN.i.124 SN.i.134, SN.i.186; AN.ii.24 (˚sankhaya); AN.iii.382 (id.); AN.iv.150 (˚kkhaya); Iti.21, Iti.69; Snp.364, …

adjective reddish Ja.iii.21 (= rattavaṇṇa C.).

upa + lohita + ka, see upa 5

1. brought up to or into (mostly -˚) Thig.498; Snp.677 (niraye), Snp.774 (dukkha˚), Snp.898 (bhava˚); Ja.iii.45 (thūṇa˚); Ja.iv.271 (dukkh˚); Mnd.38; Dhp.237 (˚yaya = atikkantavayo Dhp-a.iii.337, ad …

nt.

1. (lit.) that (material) substratum by means of which an active process is kept alive or going), fuel, supply, provision; adj. (-˚) supported by, drawing one’s existence from SN.i.69; SN.ii.85 …

…˚ratana); AN.iv.220 sq. (kittāvatā hoti); Snp.376 Snp.384; Ja.i.83; Pv.i.10#4; Vb.248 (˚sikkhā); DN-a.i.234; Pv-a.36, Pv-a.38, Pv-a.54,…

Vana¹

neuter the forest; wood; as a place of pleasure sport (“wood”), as well as of danger & frightfulness (“jungle”), also as resort of ascetics, noted for its loneliness (“forest”). Of ( …

adjective observant of religious duties, devout Snp.624 (= dhuta-vatena samannāgata Snp-a.467); Dhp.400 (with same explⁿ at Dhp-a.iv.165 as as Snp-a.467).

vata² + vant

Vatthu¹

neuter lit. “ground,” hence

1. (lit.) object, real thing, property, thing, substance (cp. vatthu²!) AN.ii.209 (khetta˚, where khetta in lit. sense, cp. No. 2). Here bel …

(-˚) adjective

1. having colour Thag.1190 (accharā nānattavaṇṇiyo “in divers hues”).
2. belonging to a caste, in cātu˚; (suddhi) (purity of) the fourfold castes MN.ii.132.
3. having beauty Snp.551 …

adjective full of details, giving all detail Vism.212. DN-a.i.34

fr. vibhatta

1. destruction, killing, slaughter Pv-a.150 (vighātaṃ āpajjati = vihaññati)
   ■ as adj slain, beaten Pv.iv.5#3 (= vighātavā vihata-bala).
2. distress, annoyance, upset of mind, trouble, vexation …

adjective full of annoyance or vexation SN.iii.16 sq.; AN.ii.143 (= discontented); Thag.899 (in same connection, neg.); Pv-a.260 (= distressed).

vighāta + vant

scattered about, strewn all over, loose Vin.i.209 (undurehi okiṇṇa˚; overrun); Ja.v.82.

• -kesa with dishevelled hair Ja.i.47; Vism.415.
• -vāca (adj.) of loose talk SN.i.61 (= …

…the uneasiness); Mil.224 (tāvataka v. temporary inconvenience), Mil.254 (˚vipphāra disturbing influence); Snp-a.189 (bhūta˚ natural…

…other world is in the Cittalatāvana (Vv.37), or the Pāricchattaka tree (Vv.38), or in the Cātummahārājika-bhavana (Vv-a.331)-Later on, when…

fulfilled accomplished; (or:) lived, spent (= vuttha); only in phrase vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ (translation Dial. i.93; “the higher life has been fulfilled”) DN.i.84 (cp. Dhp.i.225 vutthaṃ parivuttha …

state of perfection DN.i.90 (vusitavā-mānin kiṃ aññatra avusitattā = he is proud of his perfection rather from imperfection).

abstr. fr. vusita

adjective one who has reached perfection (in chaste living), epithet of the arahant DN.ii.223 (translation “who has lived ʻthe life’”): MN.i.4; SN.iii.61; AN.v.16; Snp.514; Mnd.611; Mil.104. On DN.i.9 …

adjective = vusitavant AN.iv.340; Snp.1115 (cp. Cnd.611 = vuṭṭhavā ciṇṇa-caraṇo etc., thus “perfected,” cp. ciṇṇavasin in same meaning).

difficult to explain; perhaps for vasīmant (see vasīvasa) in …

-Y-

combination consonant (sandhi), inserted (euphonically) between 2 vowels for the avoidance of hiatus. It has arisen purely phonetically from i as a sort of “gliding or semi-vowel within a wo …

…probably the old phrase: ettāvatā yakkhassa suddhi (purification of heart) Snp.478, quoted Vv-a.333 (ettāvat’ aggaṃ no vadanti h’ eke…

Yāpeti & yapeti

1. (lit.)-
   1. in caus.intensive as well as intrs. sense; in the latter also with short ă; as yapeti and then combined with yāpeti, in …

…as DN.i.36 sq. (yato… ettāvatā because… therefore); Snp.p.113 (id.) Dhp.374, Dhp.390 (doubled = from whichever source)
■ Freq. in…

…y. gahetvā na paṭidenti); Thag-a.288 (kāmā = yācitaka-bhaṇḍasadisā tāvakālik’ aṭṭhena).

yācita + diminutive (disparaging)…

Yāpeti & yapeti

1. (lit.)-
   1. in caus.intensive as well as intrs. sense; in the latter also with short ă; as yapeti and then combined with yāpeti, in …

…in correlation yāva-tāva (see tāva 1.) as far-so far, until-so long: y. rājā āgacchati tāva ubho ramissāma…

…(like tāva) justifies a separate treatment of yāva in that form only
■ yāvat occurs only in…

…DN.i.108; y. ñāṇassa bh Ne.25.

fr. yāva, as tāvataka fr. tāva

…of yāvant in adv. use cp. tāvatā) as far as, like as, in comparison with, regarding, because Dhp.258 (na tena paṇḍito…

…yāvatakaṁ ñeyyaṁ tāvatakaṁ ñāṇaṁ Cnd.235^3m; yaṁ ñāṇaṁ taṁ dassanaṁ, yaṁ dassanaṁ taṁ ñāṇaṁ…

1. pleasure, fondness of (-˚), delight, always as adj. (-˚) delighting in, enjoying finding pleasure in (usually comb^d. with rata, e.g. dhammārāma dhammarata finding delight in the Dh.) S …

adverb clear, manifest, evident; openly, before one’s eyes, in full view. Only in phrase āvi vā raho openly or secret AN.v.350, AN.v.353; Pv.ii.7#16 = Dhp-a.iv.21 (āvī variant reading), expl^{d. …}