The god of death. When beings die they are led before him to be judged according to their deeds. Birth, old age, illness, punishment for crime and death, are regarded as his messengers, sent among men …

…AN.iii.287 MN.ii.194 MN.iii.100 Two hundred years of human life are but one day to the Yāma devā, and two thousand Years, composed of such…

Yama¹

restraint Pv-a.98 (+ niyama).

fr. yam

Yama²

the ruler of the kingdom of the dead. See details in Dicty. of Names. In compounds often in general sense of “death” or …

…abode of the Y.); Kp-a.166 (Yāmato yāva Akaniṭṭhaṃ from the Underworld to the Highest Heaven); Vism.225 (Yāmā); Vb-a.519 (Yāmā);…

A Therī. Two verses attributed to her are found in the Therigatha. Thig.33–34

One of the Pacceka Buddhas in a nominal list. MN.iii.70

A class of devas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. They are mentioned together with the Yama twins. DN.ii.259

Aṅgīrasi¹

A term of affection (Radiant One) used by Pañcasikha in addressing Suriyavaccasā. DN.ii.265

Aṅgīrasa²

One of the ten ancient seers who conducted great sacrifices and …

Aṭṭhaka¹

A celebrated sage, composer and reciter of sacred runes, mentioned together with nine others (Vāmaka, Vāmadeva, Vessāmitta, Yamataggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha and Bhagu), V …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

A rājā, probably of Māgadha. He was a devout follower of Uddaka-Rāmaputta. In his retinue were Yamaka, Moggalla, Ugga, Nāvindakī, Gandhabba, and Aggivessa, all of whom were also followers of the same …

…Brahmā, Mahiddi and Yāma, as a god whom brahmins invoke and pray to, for union with Brahma after death. In another place, he is described…

…hear him—e.g., Candana, Suyāma, Santusita, Sunimitta and Vasavatti SN.iv.269–280 He was also consulted by those, such as Vacchagotta,…

MāyāMahāmāyā

The mother of the Buddha, and wife of Suddhodana of the Sakyan clan. DN.ii.52 Thag.534 Thig.162 She died seven days after giving…

MāṇavagāmiyaMāṇavagāmika

A devaputta. He visited the Buddha in the company of Asama, Sahali, Ninka, Ākoṭaka and Vetambarī, and while these all spoke in praise of their own teachers, Māṇavagāmiya sa …

A deva to whom sacrifice is offered; he is generally mentioned with Varuṇa, Pajāpati and Yama. DN.i.244 DN.ii.259

In the Āṭānāṭiya Sutta DN.iii.204 he is spoken of as a Yakkha chief.

An eminent laywoman, disciple of the Buddha. AN.iv.348

…of mind….

UddakaRāmaputta

One of the teachers under whom Gotama, after leaving the world and before he became the Buddha, received instruction. Uddaka taught him the doctrine which had been realised and procla …

A householder of Campā, a devout and skilled follower of the Buddha. Once, when on his way to see the Buddha at Gaggarā Lake, he found he had arrived too early and went into the Paribbājakārāma near b …

A king of the devas, mentioned as the companion of Sakka, Pajāpati and Isāna. In battle against the Asuras, the devas of Tāvatiṃsā were asked to look upon the banner of Varuṇa in order to have all the …

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

A man belonging to the retinue of King Eḷeyya. He was a follower of Uddaka Rāmaputta. AN.ii.180

A sage of old who led a good life and persuaded his followers to do likewise. He was among the originators of the Vedic hymns. Vin.i.245 DN.i.238 DN.i.239 MN.ii.169 MN.ii.200 AN.iii.224 AN.iii.229 AN.iv.61

igyekezet, törekvés

wonderful exceptional man

leading; conciliating; supplicating, persuading.

non-existent; is not perceived; is not ascertained.

being given

being proclaimed; being announced

not envious, not discontent

not envious, not discontent

is searched out, investigated; is examined.

being questioned

to the left; placed on the left

to the left; placed on the left

goes round (something or someone) keeping one’s left side towards it or them (a mark of disrespect)

goes round (something or someone) keeping one’s left side towards it or them (a mark of disrespect)

path of the noble ones; the noble path (often – the eightfold path); the noble course (of sotāpatti etc)

of ceteti

of cinteti

of codeti

of codeti

control in regards to the four restraints.

well controlled in regards to the four restraints.

of cāveti

of dassati

of dassati

of deseti

acting in accordance with dhamma, with the rule.

1. being held; being held over, standing over, sheltering.
2. with something held over one; sheltered (?)

of dīyati being given

of garukaroti

of jānāti

of jānāti

of jānāti

of jāyati

(~ā & ~ī)n. the size of a chickpea.

feeling compassion.

rich khattiya

intoxicated with poetry-writing; in a muse of poetic inspiration

connected with the body and mind

of nahāyati

of nayati

(~antī)n. of nahāyati

of nibbeṭheti

of nibbāyati

of nikhaṇati

of nikkaḍḍhati

of nikāmeti

of nimanteti

presses; squeezes.

of nivāreti

(~antī)n.

fixed rule; a particular or specified way or manner; an invariable practice or experience; a determined or inevitable outcome, certainty; an assured state; what leads to an inevitable outcome, the way …

the having an inevitable outcome; a state of certainty, an assured or determined state; a rule.

of nāseti

(~antī)n. of nīyati

being made to descend, being brought down; being tested as to fitness; being collated

(one) having the status of preceptor; like a preceptor

raises; exerts oneself.

of ṇāyati

generation of teachers

(one) having the status of a teacher; like a teacher

dragging, pulling; pulling near, drawing (towards oneself).

stretches, stretches out (trans. and intrans.); expands.

exertion; energy.

in length.

…of the Thirty-Three, the Yāma-devas… and there are divine beings besides see: deva. Such faith, such morality, such knowledge, such…

Fixity: see: niyama tathatā dhamma-tthiti-ñāna

…path i.e. sammā - vāyāma see: magga are: 1 the effort to avoid samvara-padhāna 2 to overcome pahāna - padhāna 3 to develop…

Pātihāriya: ‘miracle’, marvel. Three marvels are ascribed to the Buddha: the marvel of magic iddhi - p the marvel of mind-reading ādesanā - p and the marvel of instruction anusāsanī \ …

[[twin miracle]]Twin miracle: yamaka-pātihāriya

emphatic of atīta in all meanings, viz.

1. passed, gone by SN.ii.183 (+ atikkanta); nt. -ṃ what is gone or over the past Ja.iii.169.
2. passed away, dead MN.i.465; SN.iv.398; Thag.242, Thag.1035. …

to overcome, master, be lord over, vanquish, conquer SN.i.18, SN.i.32, SN.i.121 (maraṇaṃ); SN.iv.71 (rāgadose), SN.i.117 (kodhaṃ), SN.i.246, SN.i.249 (sāmikaṃ); Ja.i.56 Ja.i.280; Pv-a.94 (= balīyati, …

to wish for, covet (c. acc.). Snp.301 (aor abhijjhāyiṃsu = abhipatthayamāna jhāyiṃsu Snp-a.320).

Sk. abhidhyāyati, abhi + jhāyati¹; see also abhijjhāti

(˚eti) & -mantheti

1. to cleave, cut; to crush, destroy MN.i.243 (sikharena muddhānaṃ ˚mantheti); SN.i.127; Dhp.161 (variant reading ˚nth˚); Ja.iv.457 (matthako sikharena ˚matthiyamāno) Dhp-a.iii …

…˚yogakkhemin); Kv.586 (˚niyāmatā final assurance; cp Kvu trsl. 340). 3. (˚-) exceedingly, extremely, very much AN.i.145 (˚sukhumāla,…

adhiyati to study, lit. to approach (cp adhigacchati); to learn by heart (the Vedas & other Sacred Books) Vin.i.270; SN.i.202 (dhammapadāni); Ja.iv.184 (adhīyitvā), Ja.iv.496 (adhīyamāna); Ja.vi.458; …

to disappear Snp.449 (˚dhāyatha 3^rd sg. med.); Vv.81#28 (id.); Ja.i.119 = Dhp-a.i.248; Dhp-a.iv.191 (ppr. ˚dhāyamāna & aor. dhāyi) Pv-a.152, Pv-a.217, (˚dhāyi), Pv-a.245; Vv-a.48
pp …

Anubhavati & Anubhoti

to come to or by, to undergo, suffer (feel), get, undertake, partake in, experience DN.i.129; DN.ii.12 (˚bhonti); MN.ii.204; AN.i.61 (atthaṃ ˚bhoti to have a good result); Ja.vi …

Anubhavati & Anubhoti

to come to or by, to undergo, suffer (feel), get, undertake, partake in, experience DN.i.129; DN.ii.12 (˚bhonti); MN.ii.204; AN.i.61 (atthaṃ ˚bhoti to have a good result); Ja.vi …

the fact of having to undergo, experiencing Pv-a.103.

abstr. fr. ppr. Pass. of anubhavati

to wake up, to realise, perceive, understand; aor. anubodhiṃ AN.v.46 (?) = SN.i.126 (anubodhaṃ)
caus -bodheti to awaken, fig. to make see to instruct Ja.vi.139 (˚ayamāna)
pp *[anubuddha](/defin …

to hold up DN-a.i.61 (chattaṃ), cp. Ja.1.53, dhariyamāna.

anu + dhāreti

to conciliate, appease, win over, flatter SN.i.232 (ppr. anunayamāna); pp. anunīta (q.v.).

anu + neti

…beautified Bv.i.45 (byāmapabhā˚ by the shine of the halo); Vv-a.4 (sañjhātapa˚ for sañjhāpabhā˚).

pp. of anu + rañjeti, Caus….

to go to, to visit, inspect, control
ppr med -saññāyamāna Vin.iii.43 (kammante);
inf -saññātuṃ AN.i.68. (janapade).

either anu + saṃ + jñā (jānāti) or (preferably) = anusaṃyāti as short …

to cause to be heard or sound; to proclaim utter, speak out Vin.i.103 (˚ssāviyamāna ppr. Pass.), Vin.ii.48 (saddaṃ a.)
pp anussāvita.

anu + sāveti, Caus. of śru, cp. B.Sk …

1. to practice, give oneself up to (acc.), attend, pursue SN.i.25, SN.i.122 (˚yuñjan “in loving self-devotion” mrs. rh. D.); SN.iii.154; SN.iv.104, SN.iv.175; Dhp.26 (pamādaṃ = *[pavatteti](/define/p …

…rouse himself, not getting up, inactive Dhp.280 (anuṭṭhahanto avāyāmanto Dhp-a.iii.409).

ppr. of an + uṭṭhahati

see apavyāma.

1. [in meaning of Sk. apacīyate cp. P. upaciyyati Pass. of upacināti] to get rid of, do away with, (cp. apacaya), diminish, make less SN.iii.89 (opp. ācināti); Thag.807; Ja.iv.172 (apacineth’ eva kāmā …

…vv ll. are apabhyāmāto, abhyāmato & C. apasabyāmato) where C. explains apasabyāmato karitvā by apasabyaṃ katvā “which latter corresponds…

…abyāmato; C. explains apabyāmato karitvā abyāmato katvā); Kv.472 (vv.ll. asabyākato abyāto, apabyāto; Kvu trsl. 270 n.1 remarks: “B…

adjective not being in service Vin.ii.177.

ppr. fr. a + peseti (q.v.)

…(sve pi upasaṃkameyyāma tomorrow I shall surely come along), DN.i.226 (siyā thus shall it be); MN.i.460 = Iti.89 (moreover, indeed)…

…appeal to DN.i.244 (avhayāma imper.) Pv-a.164. 2. to call, call up, summon MN.i.17; Ja.ii.10 Ja.ii.252 (= pakkosati); Ja.v.220 (avhayesi);…

…appeal to DN.i.244 (avhayāma imper.) Pv-a.164. 2. to call, call up, summon MN.i.17; Ja.ii.10 Ja.ii.252 (= pakkosati); Ja.v.220 (avhayesi);…

eating, taking food; enjoying: only SS at Snp.240; all MSS at Snp.239 have asamāna. Snp-a.284 explains by āhārayamāna.

Sk. aśnāna, ppr. med. of aśnāti, aś to eat

pronoun another etc

A. By itself

1. other not the same, different, another, somebody else (opp oneself) Vin.iii.144 (aññena, scil. maggena, gacchati to take a different route); Snp.459, Sn …

…Vv-a.315 (majjhimayāma-samaya); Pv-a.155.

• -ruka (variant reading ˚duka) a certain fashion of wearing the hair…

Aṭṭiyati & Aṭṭiyati

to be in trouble or anxiety, to be worried, to be incommodated, usually comb^d. with harāyati, e.g. DN.i.213 (+ jigucchati); SN.i.131; MN.i.423; P …

Aṭṭiyati & Aṭṭiyati

to be in trouble or anxiety, to be worried, to be incommodated, usually comb^d. with harāyati, e.g. DN.i.213 (+ jigucchati); SN.i.131; MN.i.423; P …

…Vb.342 by “bhabbā niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ.” 2. possible (abhabba impossible) MN.iii.215 (kammaṃ…

…pl. 1^st bhaveyyāma; 2^nd bhavetha Snp.1073, 3^rd bhaveyyuṃ Snp.906
ppr bhavaṃ Snp.92, & bhavanto…

…14; Dhs-a.319; Pv-a.4 yāma˚; (-velāya) (at the time) when the drum sounds the watch Ja.v.459
■ bheriṃ vādeti…

to divide, distribute deal out Vin.iv.223 (ppr. bhājiyamāna); Ja.i.265; Dhs-a.4 (fut. bhājessati) grd. bhājetabba Vin.i.285
pp bhājita.

Caus. of bhajat …

to beget, produce, increase, cultivate, develop (by means of thought meditation), The Buddhist equivalent for mind-work as creative in idea, MN.i.293; cp. B.Psy p. 132
■ DN.ii.79; MN.ii.11 (cattā …

…1^st pl. bhāyāma Ja.ii.21; 3^rd pl. bhāyanto Dhp.129;
imper 2^nd pl bhāyatha Ud.51; Ja.iii.4;
pot…

adjective very great, vast, high, lofty, gigantic; nom sg. brahā Snp.410, Snp.550; Thag.31; Ja.iii.117 (= dīgha C.); Ja.iv.111 (su˚); Ja.iv.64#2; Pv.iv.3#10 (of a huge tree), acc sg. brahantaṃ AN. …

Brāhmaṇa¹

a member of the Brahman caste; a Br teacher. In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure, sinless & ascetic life, often even syn. with arahant
■ On brāhmaṇas …

…Ja.i.90; Bv.i.45; Mil.75; Vv-a.213.

cp. Vedic & P. vyāma cp. Śatap. Br.; i.2, 5, 14.

to press, weigh on; oppress, hinder afflict, harm DN.ii.19; Ja.i.211; Ja.iv.124; Vism.400; Dhp-a.i.24. grd. bādhitabba Thag-a.65; Pass. bādhiyati to be afflicted, to become sore, to suffer Snp- …

…good qualities, e.g. ch. vāyāma ussāha ussoḷhi AN.iv.320 ch. viriya citta vīmaṃsā in set of samādhis (cp. iddhipāda) DN.iii.77 (see…

Chādeti¹

1. to cover, to conceal Vin.ii.211 (Pass. chādīyati); Snp.1022 (mukhaṃ jivhāya ch.); Dhp.252; Pv.iii.4#3
2. (of sound) to penetrate, to fill Ja.ii.253; Ja.vi.195

pp *channa^{1< …}

crushed flat (Rh. D.; cp. also Kern

Toevoegselen

) Mil.261.

ppr. Pass. of cip, see cipiṭa

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

acodayi (verse 112),
inf codetuṃ,
grd codetabba;
pass cujjati & codiyati;
pp cudita & codita (q.v.):
caus codāpeti (Vin.iii.165)

to urge, incite, exhort; to reprove, reprimand, to cal …

to grind to powder, to crush; to powder or paint w. chunam Vin.ii.107 (mukhaṃ) Ja.iv.457
ppr pass cuṇṇiyamāna being ground Ja.vi.185.

Denom. of cuṇṇa

to set going, to pasture, feed, preserve: indriyāni c. to feast one’s senses (cp. Ger. “augenweide”) Pv-a.58; khantiṃ c to feed meekness DN-a.i.277; olambakaṃ cārento drooping Ja.i.174; Pass. ppr. * …

…fourfold restraint (see yāma) DN.i.57, DN.i.58 (cp DN-a.i.167); DN-a.iii.48 sq.; SN.i.66; MN.i.377; Vism.410 Cp. Dial.…

to give, etc.

I. Forms

The foll. bases form the Pāli verb-system: dā, dāy, dadā & di.

1. Bases dā & (reduced); da
   1. dā˚: fut. dassati Ja.i.113, Ja.i.279 Ja.i …

…of the Yāmā devā (viz. Suyāma devaputta); the Tusitā d (Santusita d.); the Nimmānaratī d. (Sunimmita d.); the Paranimmitavasavattī d….

…-niyāma belonging to the order of the Norm DN.i.190; DA on DN.ii.12: dhammatā (˚ka); *…

…the Dhammaniyāma (see niyāma), fitness, propriety; a general rule higher law, cosmic law, general practice, regular…

adjective constant, firm, self-relying of character; wise, possessing the knowledge of the Dhamma, often = paṇḍita & epithet of an Arahant DN.ii.128; SN.i.24 (lokapariyāyaṃ aññāya nibbutā dh.), SN.i. …

Dhūpāyati & Dhūpayati

to fumigate, make fragrant, perfume Vin.i.180; SN.i.40 (dhūpāyita) = Thag.448; AN.ii.214 sq.; Ja.i.73; Mil.333 (sīlagandhena lokaṃ dh.); Dhp-a.i.370 (aor. dhūpāyi) Dhp-a.iii.3 …

Dhūpāyati & Dhūpayati

to fumigate, make fragrant, perfume Vin.i.180; SN.i.40 (dhūpāyita) = Thag.448; AN.ii.214 sq.; Ja.i.73; Mil.333 (sīlagandhena lokaṃ dh.); Dhp-a.i.370 (aor. dhūpāyi) Dhp-a.iii.3 …

Dosa¹

corruption blemish, fault, bad condition, defect; depravity, corrupted state; usually -˚, as khetta˚ blight of the field Mil.360; tiṇa˚ spoilt by weeds Dhp.356; Pv-a.7; visa ill ef …

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

…etc.) Ja.i.202; Ja.iv.293 (˚yāma); Dhp-a.i.395; DN-a.i.17; Mil.243 Mil.272; Dhs-a.12; -guṇa twofold, double Vin.i.289;…

1. giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Sangha (cp. deyyadhamma & yañña). As such it constitute …

Dūta¹

a messenger, envoy Vin.i.16 Vin.ii.32, Vin.ii.277; DN.i.150; SN.iv.194; Snp.411 (rāja˚), Snp.417. deva˚ Yama’s envoy, Death’s messenger AN.i.138, AN.i.142; MN.ii.75 sq.; Ja.i.138
■ …

adjective feminine pregnant, enceinte Vin.ii.268; SN.iii.202; Ja.i.151, Ja.i.290; Ja.iv.37; Pv.i.6#6; Pv-a.31, Pv-a.82: Vv-a.110 (-bhāva); in combination g˚ pāyamānā purisantaragatā (pregnant, lac …

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

adjective = gayha one who is to be taken (prisoner), in ˚niyyamāna id. SN.i.143 = Ja.iii.361 (expl. as karamaragāhaṃ gahetvā niyyamāna; cp. karamara).

Name of the tree, under which Gotama Buddha performed the double miracle; with ref. to this freq in phrase gaṇḍamba-rukkha-mūle yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā Ja.i.77; Ja.iv.263 sq.; DN-a.i.57; Pv-a.13 …

to apply oneself to, to exert oneself to strive; usually in formula uṭṭhahati gh˚ vāyamati MN.i.86; SN.i.267 (yamati for vāy˚); Pp.51; or yuñjati gh˚ vāy˚ Ja.iv.131
■ Sdhp.426, Sdhp.450.

Sk. ghaṭat …

…Mil.264; Dhp-a.i.16 (gihīniyāma); Sdhp.376, Sdhp.426; Pv-a.13 (gihīkālato paṭṭhāya from the time of our laymanship); Dhp-a.ii.49…

verse, stanza, line of poetry, usually referring to an Anuṭṭhubbaṃ or a Tuṭṭhubbaṃ, & called a catuppādā gāthā, a stanza (śloka) of four half-lines AN.ii.178; Ja.iv.395 Def. as akkhara-padaniya-mit …

to sing, to recite, often comb w. naccati to dance; ppr. gāyanto, gāyamāna & gīyamāna (Vin.i.38); imper. gāhi (Ja.iii.507); fut. gāyissati grd. gāyitabba. Vin.ii.108 (dhammaṃ), Vin.i …

1. to be ashamed Vin.i.88; Vin.ii.292; DN.i.213; MN.i.120; SN.iv.62; Iti.43; Pv.i.10#2 ppr. harāyanto Mnd.466, & harāyamāna Ja.iv.171; Cnd.566. Often combined with aṭṭiyati (q.v.). See also *hir …

Hasati & Hassati

1. to laugh, to be merry; pres hasati Bv.i.28; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.59; hassati Snp.328, Snp.829;
   ppr hasamāna is preferable variant reading …

Hasati & Hassati

1. to laugh, to be merry; pres hasati Bv.i.28; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.59; hassati Snp.328, Snp.829;
   ppr hasamāna is preferable variant reading …

is Pass. of jahati, in sense of “to be left behind,” as well as “to diminish, dwindle or waste away, disappear,” e.g. Mnd.147 (+ pari˚, antaradhāyati); Mil.297 (+ khīyati); ppr. …

1. inferior, low; poor, miserable; vile, base, abject, contemptible, despicable Vin.i.10; DN.i.82 DN.i.98; SN.ii.154 (hīnaṃ dhātuṃ paṭicca uppajjati hīnā saññā); SN.iii.47; SN.iv.88, SN.iv.309 (citta …

1. a holy man, one gifted with special powers of insight & inspiration, an anchoret, a Seer, Sage, Saint, “Master” DN.i.96 (kaṇho isi ahosi); SN.i.33, SN.i.35, SN.i.65, SN.i.128, SN.i.191, SN.i.192 SN …

Jahati & jahāti

to leave, abandon, lose; give up, renounce forsake. Ster. explⁿ at Cnd.255 (and passim): pajahati vinodeti byantikaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Lit. as well as fig.; esp. w. ref. …

Jahati & jahāti

to leave, abandon, lose; give up, renounce forsake. Ster. explⁿ at Cnd.255 (and passim): pajahati vinodeti byantikaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Lit. as well as fig.; esp. w. ref. …

…Ja.i.288); 1st pl. jāniyāma (Snp.873) & (archaic jānemu (Snp.76, Snp.599; Vv.83#11)
imper jānāhi (Snp.596 Snp.1026; Pv.ii.9#12); 3rd….

…Cp. parijīyati. Sometimes spelt jiyy˚: jiyyati Ja.vi.150; jiyyāma Ja.ii.75 (we lose parihāyāma). Pp….

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

to cause to fit, to create, build, construct arrange, prepare, order.

I. lit

1. in special sense: to prepare, get done, i.e. harness: Ja.i.62; plait DN-a.i.274, an offering (yaññaṃ) Snp.1 …

…Dhp.42, Dhp.43, pl. (kareyyāma) kareyyātha Snp.p.101; or (sing.) kareyya (freq.), kareyyāsi Pv-a.11 kareyya Snp.920, Snp.923; kuriyā (= Sk….

1. (f.) pity compassion. Karuṇā is one of the 4 qualities of character significant of a human being who has attained enfranchisement of heart (ceto-vimutti) in the 4 sentiments viz. mettā k.˚ upekhā …

to feel pity for, to have compassion on Snp.1065 (˚āyamāna; expl. by Nd ii.as anuddayamāno anurakkh anuggaṇh˚ anukamp˚); Vb.273; Vism.314. Der. -āyanā compassionateness Vb.87 = Vb.273 (and *-āyi …

kathesi,
inf kathetuṃ & kathetave (Vin.i.359);
pass kathīyati & katheti (Mil.22, cp. Trenckner, Notes 122);
ppr Pass. kathīyamāna & kacchamāna (AN.iii.181);
grd kathetabba, kathanīya & kacch …

hunger & thirst: ˚āya mīyamāno MN.i.85. Personified as belonging to the army of Māra Snp.436 = Nd ii.on visenikatvā. To be tormented by hunger & thirst is the special lot of the; Petas: Pv.i.11#10 P …

to chew, bite, eat devour (= Ger. fressen); to destroy
pres Dhp.240; Ja.i.152 (sassāni); Ja.iii.26; Pv.i.6#3 (puttāni, of a Petī), Pv.i.9#4
■ kaṭṭhaṃ kh˚ to use a toothpick Ja.i.80, Ja.i.282, dant …

to seem to be, to appear like (viya) Ja.i.279; aor. khāyiṃsu Ja.i.61; ppr med. khāyamāna Ja.iv.140; Pv-a.251. Cp. pakkhāyati.

pass. = Sk. khyāyate, khyā

to be exhausted, to waste away, to become dejected, to fall away from Vin.iv.152; Ja.i.290 (dhạna); Pv.ii.9#42; Pv.ii.11#2; Pts.i.94, Pts.i.96 Pts.ii.31 (āsavā); Bdhd 80
ppr khīyamāna Snp.434 Bdhd 1 …

…in question. Cp. Sk śyāma (dark-grey) and śyāva (brown) under kāsāya. That the notion of the speckled or variegated colour belongs to…

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

to desire, to crave

1. to crave for any object of pleasure: Thag.93; Ja.iii.154; Ja.iv.167 Ja.v.480.
2. to desire a woman, to be in love with DN.i.241; MN.ii.40; Ja.ii.226; Ja.v.425; Ja.vi.307, Ja.vi …

…kāsāya prob. fr. Sk. śyāma or śyāva brown = Pāli sāma with kā = kad, a kind of, thus meaning a kind of brown i.e. yellow. See further…

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

adjective

1. belonging to the body, i.e. felt by the body (experienced by the senses), or resulting from the body, i.e. done by the body (= acted as opposed to spoken or thought). sukhaṃ physical hap …

…in question. Cp. Sk śyāma (dark-grey) and śyāva (brown) under kāsāya. That the notion of the speckled or variegated colour belongs to…

(having) obtained, taken, received Snp.106, Snp.239; Ja.v.171; Mhvs.5, Mhvs.133 (kiñci laddhaṃ); Mhvs.10, Mhvs.37 (kaññā laddhā); Pv-a.5
■ laddhatvaṃ at Ja.iv.406 is to be corrected to uddhatvā …

world, primarily “visible world,” then in general as “space or sphere of creation, with var. degrees of substantiality. Often (unspecified in the comprehensive sense of “universe.” Sometimes the term …

Lokiya & lokika

(adj.)

1. (ordinarily) “belonging to the world,” i.e
   1. world-wide, covering the whole world, famed, widely known Thag.554; Ja.vi.198.
   2. (-˚) belonging to the world of, an i …

Lokiya & lokika

(adj.)

1. (ordinarily) “belonging to the world,” i.e
   1. world-wide, covering the whole world, famed, widely known Thag.554; Ja.vi.198.
   2. (-˚) belonging to the world of, an i …

the God of Death, the Buddhist Māra, or sometimes equivalent to Yama SN.i.156; Snp.357 (gen. maccuno), Snp.581 (instr maccunā), Snp.587; Thag.411; Dhp.21, Dhp.47, Dhp.128, Dhp.135, Dhp.150 Dhp.287; Vb …

…˚kammanta, ˚ājīva, ˚vāyāma, ˚sati, ˚samādhi, or right views, right aspirations, right speech, right conduct right livelihood, right…

(spurious); mageti to track, hunt for, trace out follow, seek MN.i.334 (ppr. magayamana); SN.ii.270 (pp maggayamāna); Thig.384 (cp. Thag-a.255 = pattheti) Ja.v.102 (where T. reads maggheyya, whic …

to honour, revere Vv.47#11 (pot. med. 1 pl. mahemase, cp Geiger, P.Gr. § 129; explained as “mahāmase pūjāmase at Vv-a.203). Caus. mahāyati in same sense: ger mahāyitvāna (poetical) Ja.iv.236
…

adjective

1. middle medium, mediocre, secondary, moderate
   ■ Applied almost exclusively in contrast pairs with terms of more or less, in triplets like “small-medium-big,” or “first-middle-las …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

Mano & Mana(s)

neuter

I. Declension

Like all other nouns of old s-stems mano has partly retained the s forms (cp cetah → ceto) & partly follows the a-declension. The …

to die
pres marati Mvu v. spur. after 5, 27; 36, 83;
pot mareyyaṃ Ja.vi.498; 2^nd mareyyāsi Ja.iii.276.
ppr maramāna Mhvs.36, Mhvs.76
ao …

1. to think, to be of opinion, to imagine, to deem Snp.199 (sīsaṃ… subhato naṃ maññati bālo), Snp.588 (yena yena hi maññanti, tato taṃ hoti aññathā) Ja.ii.258 (maññāmi ciraṃ carissati: I imagine he wi …

…AN.ii.270, AN.iv.82); -vāyāma effort (DN.iii.254, DN.iii.287, DN.iii.290 sq.); -sati mindfulness (ibid.) -samādhi concentration…

Miyyati & Mīyati

to die

1. miyyati: Snp.804; Ne.23. med. 3^rd pl. miyyare Snp.575; pot. miyye Ja.vi.498; ppr. miyyamāna MN.iii.246 Vism.49; fut. miyyissati MN. …

to rejoice, to enjoy oneself, to be happy AN.iii.40; Snp.561; Pv.i.5#4; Pv.ii.1#21
pp mudita (q.v.). For mohayamāna at Dhp-a.i.275 the better reading is modayamāna rejoicing …

to deceive, to befool, to take in, surprise, delude, aor 2^nd sg. amohayi Snp.352; 3^rd sg. amohayi SN.iv.158; Iti.58 (maccu-rājan; vv.ll. asamohayi & asamohari) reading somew …

chignon; crest, turban Ja.i.64; Ja.v.431; Mhvs.11, Mhvs.28; DN-a.i.136 (variant reading moḷi). Also found (as molin, adj.?) in Np Yama-moli: see under yakkha 5.

• -galla (?) …

adjective lit. “mine,” one who shows affection (not only for himself), making one’s own, i.e devoted to, loving Snp.806 (= Buddha˚, Dhamma˚ Sangha˚ Mnd.125; = mamāyamāna Snp-a.534), Snp.927 (same exp …

Miyyati & Mīyati

to die

1. miyyati: Snp.804; Ne.23. med. 3^rd pl. miyyare Snp.575; pot. miyye Ja.vi.498; ppr. miyyamāna MN.iii.246 Vism.49; fut. miyyissati MN. …

1. (lit.) root AN.ii.200; MN.i.233; Dhp-a.i.270; Dhp-a.iv.200 (opp. patti); Vism.270 (rukkha˚; = rukkha-samīpaṃ); Pv.ii.9#6 (sa˚ with the root); Pv-a.43 (rukkhassa mūle at the foot of).
2. foot …

(rarely nhāyati) to bathe (trs. & intr.), to wash, to perform an ablution (esp. at the end of religious studentship or after the lapse of a lustrative period) Vin.ii.280; Ja.i.265; Ja.vi.336; Pv-a. …

1. to unravel, untwist, unwind; to explain, make clear DN.i.54 (nibbeṭhiyamāna, variant reading BB nibbedh˚); Pv.iv.3#29 (˚ento = niveṭhīyamāna Pv-a.253 variant reading BB nibbedh˚) Mil.3; Sdhp.153. …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

means of extinguishing, extinction, quenching SN.i.188 (cittaṃ pariḍayhati: nibbāpanaṃ brūhi = allayment of the glow); AN.iv.320 (celassa n˚āya chandaṃ karoti: try to put out the burning cloth); Mil.3 …

quotation, explanation, illustration Vism.427 (˚vacana quotation); Pv-a.255 (perhaps we should read niyamana); conclusion, e.g. Paṭṭh.A 366; Vb-a.523.

Sk. nigamana

to crave, desire, strive after, ppr nikāmayaṃ SN.i.122, & nikāmayamāna Vin.ii.108. Cp. nikanta & nikanti.

Sk. ni-kāmayati, ni + kāmeti

to squeeze, press, clench, urge Ja.i.63, Ja.i.223. Pass. nippīḷiyati, only in ppr. nippīḷiyamāna being urged Vin.ii.303; Vv-a.138; Pv-a.31, Pv-a.192. Cp. abhi˚.

nis + pīḷeti

…niyāma); Snp-a.124 (niyāma); Dhs-a.154; Pv-a.166 (ayaṃ n. saṃsāren’ atthi: law, necessity)
■ aniyama indefiniteness…

fixing, settling, definition, explanation in detail Mil.352 (lakkha-n aiming at the target); Vv-a.22 (visesattha˚); Vv-a.231, Pv-a.255 (so read for nigamana?).

Sk. niyamana, to niyameti

to tie down, to fix; explain in detail, exemplify Pv-a.265; Vism.666. pp. niyamita see *a*˚.

cp. Sk. niyamayati, ni + yamati

…Snp.70 (= ariyamaggena niyāmappatta Snp-a.124, cp. Cnd.357); Dhp.142 (= catumagga niyamena n. Dhp-a.iii.83); Ja.i.44 (bodhiyā); Pp.13, Pp.16…

…Ja.iv.137, Ja.iv.138; Mil.194, Mil.378 sq.; Dāvs iv.42.

Sk. niyāmaka & niryāma(ka). Cp. also P. niyāmaka

…Ja.iv.137, Ja.iv.138; Mil.194, Mil.378 sq.; Dāvs iv.42.

Sk. niyāmaka & niryāma(ka). Cp. also P. niyāmaka

adjective leading out (of saṃsāra), leading to salvation, salutary, sanctifying, saving profitable DN.i.235, DN.i.237; SN.i.220; SN.v.82, SN.v.166, SN.v.255, SN.v.379 sq. Ja.i.48 (a˚), Ja.i.106; Dhs.2 …

guide, leader MN.i.523 sq.

n. ag. to niyyāma

…(˚dassin = sammatta-niyāmabhūtassa maggassa dassāvin Snp-a.365); Mnd.314 (˚avakkanti); Cnd.358 (= cattāro maggā); Pts.ii.236 sq….

…completed in DN.i.190 (dhamma-n. paṭipadā, cp. niyamatā).

either to niyama or niyāma

Niyāmaka²

(see niyyāmaka) ship’s…

…of…); Kv.586 (accanta˚ final assurance).

abstr. to niyāma, influenced in meaning by niyama

to restrain, control, govern, guide Mil.378 (nāvaṃ).

Denom. fr. niyāma or niyama

…Mnd.223 (= yāyati vuyhati), Mnd.395
■ In the sense of a Med. in imper nīyāmase (let us take) Pv.ii.9#1 (= nayissāma…

…See also Pp.13 = Pp.28 (niyāma okk˚, ʻhe enters on the Path’). Caus. okkāmeti to make enter, to bring to SN.iv.312 (saggaṃ)
pp…

to give advice, to admonish exhort, instruct, usually comb^d. with anusāsati
pres ovadati Vin.iv.52 sq.; Dhp-a.i.11, Dhp-a.i.13;
imper ovada …

adjective separate, individual; usually acc. -ṃ adv. separately, individually, singly, by himself in his own heart DN.i.24 (yeva nibbuti viditā); DA on DN.ii.77 = attano attano abbhantare; MN.i.251 …

…latest DN.i.239; MN.i.23 (˚yāma the last night watch); DN-a.i.45 sq. (id. ˚kicca duties or performances in the 3^rd watch, corresp….

to be abandoned, to pass away, vanish MN.i.7; SN.i.219 (fut. ˚issati); SN.ii.196 (ppr ˚īyamāna); SN.v.152; Snp.806; Mnd.124; Vb-a.271. Spelt pahiyyati at SN.v.150.

Pass. of pajahati

carelessness, negligence, indolence, remissness DN.i.6 (jūta˚, see DN-a.i.85), DN.iii.42 sq., DN.iii.236; MN.i.151; SN.i.18, SN.i.20, SN.i.25, SN.i.146, SN.i.216; SN.ii.43 SN.ii.193; SN.iv.78, SN.iv. …

…Ja.v.57 (= pāpuṇeyyāma C.)
ger pappuyya SN.i.48; Snp.482 (or pot?), Snp.593, Snp.829 (= pāpuṇitvā Mnd.170) …

1. to enjoy, to use, to enjoy the use of Vin.ii.109; MN.i.153 (nivāpaṃ p.), MN.i.207, SN.ii.29; Snp.240, Snp.241, Snp.423; Pv.i.1#2; Pv.i.9#4; Pv.iv.5#2 (= khādituṃ Pv-a.259); Cnd.427 (pariyesati paṭ …

1. to serve, wait on, attend upon, honour, worship [cp. BSk. paricārayati Divy.114 sq., Divy.421] SN.i.124 (pāde); Dhp-a.iii.196 (id.); Ja.i.81 (˚cāritabba-ṭṭhāna place of worship); Ja.iv.274; Ja.v. …

to wail, lament DN.ii.158 (mā socittha mā paridevittha); Snp.582, Snp.774 = Mnd.38 (as ˚devayati), Mnd.166; Ja.vi.188, Ja.vi.498; Pv-a.18 (socati +); ger ˚devamāna SN.i.199, SN.i.208; Ja.v.106; Pv- …

to cover, encompass, surround Ja.i.181 (nagaraṃ ˚ayiṃsu); Ja.ii.102 (fut. ˚essati), Ja.iii.371 (rukkhaṃ); Ja.iv.405 (for parikaroti); Ja.vi.179. ger. parivāretvā used as prep. …

to bend to, to change into, to turn to use for somebody, to procure for, obtain appropriate DN.i.92; Vin.iii.259 (puttassa rajjaṃ p. for his son); Vin.iv.156; Pv-a.281
ppr -ṇāmayamāna Ja.v.424. …

1. clearness, brightness, purity; referring to the colours (“visibility”) of the eye Ja.i.319 (akkhīni maṇiguḷa-sadisāni paññāyamāna pañca-ppasādāni ahesuṃ); Snp-a.453 (pasanna-netto i.e. pañca-v …

to wish for, desire, pray for, request, long for SN.iv.125; SN.v.145; Snp.114 Snp.899; Thig.341; Mnd.312, Mnd.316; Pp-a 208 (āsaṃsati +) Pv-a.148; Sdhp.66, Sdhp.319; ppr. patthento Pv-a.107 *pat …

to make go forth, to bring over or through MN.i.225; AN.iii.432 (variant reading M. pakaroti)-aor. patārayi in meaning “strive” at Ja.iii.210 (= patarati vāyamati C. but Rhys Davids. “to get away f …

to shake, move to & fro, undulate SN.iv.289 (paveliyamānena kāyena); Ja.iii.395
pp pavellita (q.v.).

pa + vell

to be dissolved, to melt or fade away SN.iv.289 (pavilīyamānena kāyena with their body melting from heat; so read for paveliyamānena).

pa + vi + lī

adjective noun masculine

Cases:
■ gen. dat. pañcannaṃ,
■ instr. abl pañcahi,
■ loc. pañcasu;
■ often used in compositional form pañca˚ (cp. Ved. pañcāra with 5 spokes RV i.164¹³; G …

to be (well) known, to be clear or evident, to be perceived, seen or taken for, to appear Iti.89; Dhp-a.i.14, Dhp-a.i.95 (fut. paññāyissatha you will be well known); Dhp-a.ii.75; Pv-a.83 (pālito e …

to strew about, to sprawl Pv.iv.10#8 (uttānā paṭikirāma = vikirīyamān’angā viya vattāma Pv-a.271).

paṭi + kirati

means of reaching a goal or destination, path, way, means, method, mode of progress (cp. Dhs. translation 53, 82, 92, 143), course, practice (cp. BSk. pratipad in meaning of pratipatti “line of cond …

adjective noun one who has entered upon the Path (ariyamagga) Pp.13 (= maggaṭṭhaka phalatthāya paṭipannattā p. nāma Pp-a 186); Mil.342 Mil.344; Ne.50; Dhs-a.164. See also Mil trsl. ii.231, 237.

f …

to restrain, to exercise self-control Ja.iv.396.

paṭi + saṃyamati

to throw out again DN-a.i.39.

Cp. J.P.T.S. 1886, p. 160, suggesting paṭivādh˚, or paṭibādhayamāno and referring to Thag.744.

paṭi + Caus. vam

to put down, set down, provide; ppr. paṭṭhayamāna Pv-a.128 (varamāna + ; variant reading paṭṭhap˚); aor. paṭṭhayi Pv.ii.9#34 (dānaṃ; variant reading paṭṭhapayi, explained by paṭṭhapesi Pv-a.126 …

to send forth or out, esp. on a message or to a special purpose, i.e. to employ as a servant or (intrs.) to do service (so in many derivations

1. to send out Ja.i.86, Ja.i.178, Ja.i.253; Ja.iv.169 (p …

dead, departed, the departed spirit. The Buddhistic peta represents the Vedic pitaraḥ (manes, cp. pitṛyajña), as well as the Brāhmaṇic preta. The first are souls of the “fathers, …

to hold dear, to like, to be fond of (acc.), to be devoted to SN.i.210; Ja.i.156; Ja.ii.246 Ja.vi.5; Vb-a.108 (in etym. of pitā, q.v.); Dhp-a.iv.125; Snp-a.78; Vv-a.349; Pv-a.71
pp *[piyāyita]( …

Pubba¹

pus, matter, corruption MN.i.57; MN.iii.90; SN.i.150; SN.ii.157; AN.i.34; Ja.ii.18; Mil.382; Pv-a.80
■ In detail discussed (as one of the 32 ākāras) at Vism.261, Vism.360; Kp- …

occurs only in one phrase (gattāni pubbāpayamāno) at MN.i.161 & AN.iii.345 ≈ AN.iii.402 in meaning “drying again”; at both A pass. the vv. ll (glosses) are “sukkhāpayamāno” and “pubba-sadisāni kuru …

merit meritorious action, virtue. Always represented as foundation and condition of heavenly rebirth & a future blissful state, the enjoyment (& duration) of which depends on the amount of merit accum …

…Ja.v.57 (1st pl pāpuṇeyyāma for T. pappomu); Dhp-a.iv.200.
aor apāpuṇi Thag-a.64, and pāpuṇi Ja.ii.229. …

1. to give to drink, to make drink DN.ii.19; Snp.398 (Pot. pāyaye); Mil.43 Mil.229; Dhp-a.i.87 (amataṃ); Vv-a.75 (yāguṃ); Pv-a.63 aor. apāyesi SN.i.143; ger. pāyetvā Ja.i.202 …

to remove; Pass. pāṭiyati Pv.iv.1#47 (turned out of doors); variant reading pātayati (bring to fall) Prob, in sense of Med. at Mil.152 in phrase visaṃ pāṭiyamāno (doubtful, cp. Kern,

Toevoegselen …

adjective striking, surprising, extraordinary, special; nt. wonder, miracle. Usually in stock phrase iddhi˚, ādesanā˚, anusāsanī˚ as the 3 marvels which characterise a Buddha with regard to his teachi …

adjective wonderful nt. a wonderful thing, marvel, miracle Pts.i.125 (yamaka˚); Pts.ii.158 (id.); Mhvs.5, Mhvs.118; Mil.106; Dāvs i.50; Dhp-a.iii.213
■ appātihīrakathā stupid talk DN.i.193 DN.i.2 …

1. to press, press down Vin.ii.225 (coḷakaṃ).
2. to weigh down heavily Ja.i.25 (ppr. pīḷiyamāna), Ja.i.138.
3. to press, clench Mil.418 (muṭṭhiṃ pīḷayati); Dhp-a.iv.69 (anguliyā pīḷiyamānāya).
4. to …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) filling Snp.312 (? better read purāṇa with Snp-a.324); Pv-a.70 (eka-thālaka˚), Pv-a.77 (id.). As Np. in Pūraṇa Kassapa, which however seems to be distorted from Purāṇa K. …

1. to protect, shelter, save, preserve Snp.220; Ja.iv.255 (maṃ rakkheyyātha); Ja.vi.589 (= pāleti); Pv.ii.9#43 (dhanaṃ); Mil.166 (rukkhaṃ), Mil.280 (attānaṃ rakkheyya save himself); Pv-a.7
   grd * …

… ■ v. guttiṃ saṃvidaheyyāma); MN.ii.101; Ja.iv.292
■ Cp gorakkhā
■ Note. rakkhā at…

to enjoy oneself, to delight in; to sport, find amusement in
■ (loc.) SN.i.179; Vin.197 (ariyo na r. pāpe) Snp.985 (jhāne); Dhp.79 (ariya-ppavedite dhamme sadā r. paṇḍito);
■ subj. 1^st …

…ubbedho nava-ratan āyāma-pariṇāho pāsādiko dassanīyo Uposatho nāgarājā: alluding to ratana¹ 2!).

most likely = Sk….

1. fight, battle; only in Thig.360 (raṇaṃ karitvā kāmānaṃ): see discussed below; also late at Mhvs.35, Mhvs.69 (Subharājaṃ raṇe hantvā).
2. intoxication, desire, sin, fault. This meaning is the Buddhi …

…(dh. asataṃ na rocayāma)
■ Cp. abhi˚, ā˚, vi˚.

Vedic rocate, ruc, Idg. *leuq, as in Lat. luceo to be bright (cp. lūx…

tree. In the rukkha-mūlik’ anga (see below) Bdhgh at Vism.74 gives a list of trees which are not to be selected for the practice of “living at the root of a tree.” These are sīmantarika-rukkha, ceti …

to be vexed, oppressed, hurt, molested (always with ref. to an illness or pain Snp.767 (salla-viddho va r.) Snp.1121; Mnd.5 (= kuppati ghaṭṭiyati, pīḷiyati); Cnd.543 (= kuppati pīḷayati ghaṭayati)
…

cp. Epic Sk. śabdayati & śabdāyati]

1. to make a sound Mil.258; Pv.iv.8#1 (saddāyase read for saddahase); Pv.iv.16#1 (id.) Ud.61 (˚āyamāna noisy).
2. to call, summon (with acc.) Ja.iii.288.

Denom. f …

to lead, conduct properly, control, pres. sam-anv-āneti MN.iii.188; ppr. -annānayamāna MN.i.477.

samanvā + nī

to ask for reasons, to question closely DN.i.26; MN.i.130; AN.v.156 sq.; ppr. med samanuggāhiyamāna being pressed MN.i.130; AN.v.156; Vin.iii.91.

saṃ + anugāhati

…MN.i.42; AN.ii.89. -vāyāma right effort Vin.i.10; Dhs.13, Dhs.22, Dhs.302; definition DN.ii.312; adj. MN.i.42; AN.ii.89…

to receive with joy, to treat kindly, address with love Ja.iii.482; ppr. sampiyāyanto Ja.i.135; sampiyāyamāna (do.) fondling, being fond of DN.ii.223; Ja.i.191, Ja.i.297, Ja.i.361; Ja.ii.85; Dhp-a.ii …

to produce; ˚janiyamāna (ppr. pass.) Ne.195.

saṃ + upa + janeti

to cause to take, to incite, rouse Pp.39, Pp.55; Vin.i.250; Vin.iii.73; DN-a.i.293, DN-a.i.300; aor. ˚dapesi DN.ii.42, DN.ii.95 DN.ii.206; Mil.195; Snp.695; ger. ˚dapetvā DN.i.126; Vin.i.18 ger. sam …

meeting, meeting with, intercourse AN.ii.51; AN.iii.31; Mil.204; cohabitation DN.ii.268 meeting, assembly Ja.ii.107; Mil.349; Dhp-a.iii.443 (three: yamaka-pāṭihāriya˚; dev’orohaṇa˚; Gangārohaṇa˚).

…

to be seen together with, to be engaged in, or to tally, agree with, to live conformably to (loc., e.g. dhamme) DN.i.102; DN.ii.75; SN.v.177; Snp.50; DN.ii.127; Ne.23; ppr. a-saṃdissamāna invisible D …

Sarati¹

to go, flow, run, move along Ja.iii.95 (= parihāyati nassati C.);

pot sare Ja.iv.284
aor asarā Ja.vi.199
pp sarita¹
caus sāreti

1. to m …

Seti & sayati

to lie down, to sleep; (applied) to be in a condition, to dwell, behave etc
pres seti SN.i.41, SN.i.47, SN.i.198 (kiṃ sesi why do you lie asleep? Cp. Pv.ii.6#1); Ja. …

to be born or produced DN.i.220; Ja.ii.97; aor. sañjāyi DN.ii.209; Vin.i.32 ppr. -jāyamāna Ja.v.384.

saṃ + jāyati, cp. sañjanati

Saṃyama & saññama

1. restraint, self-control, abstinence SN.i.21, SN.i.169; DN.i.53; Vin.i.3; AN.i.155 sq. (kāyena, vācāya, manasā); DN.iii.147; Iti.15 (ññ); Snp.264, Snp.655; MN.ii.101 (sīla˚); Dhp. …

Saṃyata & saññata

lit. drawn together; fig. restrained, self-controlled DN.ii.88; SN.i.79; Snp.88 Snp.156, Snp.716; Ja.i.188; Vv.34#11; Mil.213.

• -atta having one’s self restrai …

…sq. -vinaya norm of self-control good conduct Snp-a.8. cātuyāma˚, Jain discipline MN.i.377.

fr. saṃ + vṛ.

to grow up; ppr. -amāna (ddh.) growing up, subsisting Ja.i.189 (so far ˚vaṭṭ˚). Caus. -vaḍḍheti to rear, nourish, bring up Ja.i.231 (ppr pass. ˚vaḍḍhiyamāna).

saṃ + vaḍḍhati

…prepare DN.i.61
pot ˚eyyāma;
aor ˚vidahi Pv-a.198;
inf -vidhātuṃ AN.ii.35, & -vidahituṃ Vin.i.287;
ger -vidhāya…

Saṃyama & saññama

1. restraint, self-control, abstinence SN.i.21, SN.i.169; DN.i.53; Vin.i.3; AN.i.155 sq. (kāyena, vācāya, manasā); DN.iii.147; Iti.15 (ññ); Snp.264, Snp.655; MN.ii.101 (sīla˚); Dhp. …

fastening Ja.v.202, Ja.v.207.

fr. saṃ + yam

kind of ornament Ja.v.202 (= maṇisuvaṇṇa-pavāḷa-rajata-mayāni pilandhanāni C.).

fr. last

to practise self-control SN.i.209 (pāṇesu ca saṃyamāmase, translation “if we can keep our hands off living things”)
pp saṃyata
caus saññāmeti to restrain MN.i.365, MN.i.507 …

Saṃyata & saññata

lit. drawn together; fig. restrained, self-controlled DN.ii.88; SN.i.79; Snp.88 Snp.156, Snp.716; Ja.i.188; Vv.34#11; Mil.213.

• -atta having one’s self restrai …

1. to collect MN.i.135; Ja.i.254; Ja.iv.224; Dhp.i.49; Pass. -khaḍḍiyati Vism.251 (ppr ˚iyamāna being collected, comprising).
2. to examine scrutinize Ja.vi.351 (cintetvā ˚kaḍḍhituṃ).

saṃ + kaḍḍhati

Seti & sayati

to lie down, to sleep; (applied) to be in a condition, to dwell, behave etc
pres seti SN.i.41, SN.i.47, SN.i.198 (kiṃ sesi why do you lie asleep? Cp. Pv.ii.6#1); Ja. …

…sikkheyyāsi Mil.10; sikkheyyāma DN.ii.245; sikkhema Snp.898; sikkhe Snp.974; sikkheyya Snp.930.
fut sikkhissāmi Vin.iv.141;…

to be pleased Ja.ii.31 (asukhāyamāna being displeased with).

Denom. fr. sukha

place, house Ja.iv.405; Yama-sādanaṃ sampatto come to Yama’s abode: dead Ja.iv.405; Ja.v.267, Ja.v.304; Ja.vi.457, Ja.vi.505 (do., the MSS. always read ˚-sādhana).

cp. Vedic sādana, fr. sad

to converse with, talk over with, discuss DN.ii.237 (+ sallapati); ppr. sākacchanto Vin.i.169; fut. sākacchissanti Vin.ii.75; Vin.iii.159 grd. sākacchātabba Vin.v.123, Vin.v.196; ppr. med. sākacchā y …

…Vedic śyāma black & śyāva brown; Av. syāva; Ags. hāēven blue (= E. heaven); Gr. σκοιός, σκιά (shadow) = Sk….

the creeper Ichnocarpus Ja.i.60.

sāma¹ + latā; Sk. śyāmalatā

self, of oneself Vin.i.16, Vin.i.33, Vin.i.211 (s. pāka), Vin.iv.121; DN.i.165; MN.i.383; MN.ii.211; MN.iii.253 (sāmaṃ kantaṃ sāmaṃ vāyitaṃ dussayugaṃ); SN.ii.40; SN.iv.230 sq. SN.v.390; Snp.270 (asām …

medicinal plant Ja.iv.92 (bhisasāmā, C. bhisāni ca sāmākā ca); the Priyangu creeper Ja.i.500; Ja.v.405.

Sk. śyāmā Halāyudha 2, 38; see sāma¹, sāmalatā, and sāmāka

kind of millet (Panicum frumentaceum) DN.i.166; MN.i.78, MN.i.156, MN.i.343; AN.i.295 AN.ii.206; Snp.239; Pp.55; Ja.iii.144, Ja.iii.371; Ne.141; Dhp-a.v.81.

cp. Vedic śyāmāka

adjective courteous polite, friendly (making happy, pleasing, gladdening?) only in combination with kathā, dhamma, or dhammakathā e.g. s. kathā polite spe …

order, message, teaching Ja.i.60, Ja.i.328; Ja.ii.21; Pv.iv.3#54 (Buddhānaṃ); Kp-a.11 sq. the doctrine of the Buddha Vin.i.12; DN.i.110; DN.ii.206; AN.i.294; Dhp.381; Snp.482 etc.; Ja.i.116. *sāsanaṃ …

evening, only adverbially sāyaṃ, at night Vin.iii.147; Ja.ii.83; Dhp-a.i.234; usually opposed to pāto (pātaṃ) in the morning early e.g. sāya-pātaṃ DN.ii.188; Mil.419; Ja.i.432, Ja.i.460 Ja.v.4 …

…in combination with vāyāma (a suitable effort as “causa movens”) AN.i.207; Mil.53. Also with reference to…

to rattle, shake, clatter; to grind or gnash one’s teeth; to fizz. Usually said of people in frenzy or fury (in ppr. ˚yanto or ˚yamāna) Ja.i.347 (rosena), Ja.i.439 (kodhena); Ja.ii.277 (of a bhikkhu k …

Tintiṇāti & Tintiṇāyati

to become sick, to swoon, to (stiffen out in a) faint Ja.i.243 (tintiṇanto corresp. with mucchita); Ja.vi.347 (tintiṇāyamāna, variant reading tiṇāy˚).

either = Sk. timirayati …

Tintiṇāti & Tintiṇāyati

to become sick, to swoon, to (stiffen out in a) faint Ja.i.243 (tintiṇanto corresp. with mucchita); Ja.vi.347 (tintiṇāyamāna, variant reading tiṇāy˚).

either = Sk. timirayati …

adjective piercing, sharp acute, fierce; always & only with ref. to pains, esp pains suffered in Niraya. In full combinations sarīrikā vedanā dukkhā tippā kharā MN.i.10; AN.ii.116, AN.ii.143, AN.ii.15 …

sometimes tūriya (e.g. Vv.5#4) musical instruments in general, usually referred to as comprising 5 kinds of special instruments (pañcangika t. e.g. Vv.5#4; Vv.39#1 ; Vv-a.181, Vv-a.183, Vv-a.210, V …

to strike a blow, flog, beat, esp. freq. in phrase kasāhi tāḷeti to flog with whips, etc. (in list of punishments, see kasā) MN.i.87; AN.ii.122; Cnd.604; Pv-a.4, etc
ppr pass. * …

1. to tear out Ja.i.199; Mil.101 (sadevake loke ubbattiyante); Dhp-a.i.5 (hadayamaṃsaṃ), Dhp-a.i.75 (rukkhaṃ).
2. to cause to swell or rise Ja.iii.361 (gangāsotaṃ); Ja.iv.161 (samuddaṃ).
3. (intrs.) …

…measure, contrasted with āyāma length, & vitthāra width Ja.i.29 (Ja.v.219; asīti-hatth˚), Ja.i.203…

to learn, acquire or have knowledge of (w. gen. or instr.), to know Vin.i.272 (saṃyamassa); Vin.ii.181 (gharāvās’atthena); AN.i.50 (dvinnaṃ dhammānaṃ upaññāsin)
fut upaññissati (& upaññassati; Snp …

to bring up to, conduce, adduce; to present, give Ja.i.200; Mil.396; DN-a.i.276; Pv-a.39, Pv-a.43 Pv-a.49, Pv-a.53, Pv-a.74
pass upanīyati (˚niyyati)

1. to be brought ( …

indeclinable over, above (prep. & prefix)

1. (adv. on top, above (opp. adho below) Vin.iv.46 (opp. heṭṭhā) Ja.vi.432; Kp-a.248 (= uddhaṃ; opp. adho); Snp-a.392 (abtimukho u. gacchati explaining pac …

to make firm, shore up, support, prop up Ja.i.127 (ppr ˚ayamāna), Ja.i.447; DN-a.i.113; Dhp-a.iii.73 (˚ayamāna ppr.). pp. upatthambhita.

upa + thambheti, Caus. of thambhati

Upaṭṭhahati & ˚ṭṭhāti

1. (trs.) to stand near or at hand (with acc.), to wait on attend on, serve, minister, to care for, look after, nurse (in sickness) Vin.i.50, Vin.i.302; Vin.iv.326; MN.iii.25; SN …

Upaṭṭhahati & ˚ṭṭhāti

1. (trs.) to stand near or at hand (with acc.), to wait on attend on, serve, minister, to care for, look after, nurse (in sickness) Vin.i.50, Vin.i.302; Vin.iv.326; MN.iii.25; SN …

in ppr. uppacciyamāna (so read for upapacciyamāna, as suggested by variant reading BB. uppajj˚) “being boiled out”, i.e. dried or shrivelled up (cp. uppakka 1) Ja.iv.327. Not with Morris J.P.T.S. 18 …

to take hold of, to grasp, cling to, show attachment (to the world), cp. upādāna DN.ii.292; MN.i.56, MN.i.67; SN.ii.14; SN.iii.73, SN.iii.94, SN.iii.135; SN.iv.168 (na kiñci loke u. = parinibbāyati); …

this word is beset with difficulties, the phrase satt-ussada is applied in all kinds of meanings, evidently the result of an original application & meaning having become obliterated satt˚ is taken as …

…Dhs.13, Dhs.22, Dhs.289, Dhs.571; Dhs-a.146.

Sk. udyama, ud + yam; P. uyyāma with ā for a, as niyāma → niyama; cp. BSk. udyama Jtm.210

exerting oneself, rousing oneself; an˚; sluggish, lazy Dhp.280 (= ayāyāmanto Dhp-a.iii.409); cp. anuṭṭhahaṃ SN.i.217.

ppr. of uṭṭhahati

…Ja.ii.110, Ja.ii.254 (vādeyyāma we might play); Tha-ap.31 (aor vādesuṃ); Pv-a.151 (vīṇaṃ vādento)
pass vajjati…

Vaddha¹

adjective noun

1. grown, old; an Elder; venerable, respectable; one who has authority At Ja.i.219 three kinds of vaddha are distinguished: one by nature (jāt …

1. to carry, bear, transport Ja.iv.260; Pv-a.14 (= dhāreti); Mil.415 (of iron: carry weight)
   imper vaha Vv.81#17;
   inf vahituṃ Pv-a.122 (perhaps superfluous);
   grd * …

1. to trace, track travel (a road); practise, achieve, resort to Mil.359; Vv-a.58.
2. to use, use up, spend Ja.i.102; Ja.iii.342 Ja.vi.369, Ja.vi.382, Ja.vi.521
   ppr Pass. (a-)valañjiyamāna (n …

Vatta¹

neuter

1. that which is done, which goes on or is customary, i.e. duty, service, custom, function Vin.ii.31; Snp.294, Snp.393 (gahaṭṭha˚) Vism.188 (cetiy’ angaṇa˚ etc.); Dhp-a.i.9 …

Vavatthapeti & ˚ṭṭhāpeti

to determine, fix, settle, define, designate, point out Ja.iv.17 (disaṃ ˚tthapetvā getting his bearings); Vb.193 sq. Vism.182; Snp-a.67; Kp-a.11, Kp-a.42, Kp-a.89; Vv-a. …

Vavatthapeti & ˚ṭṭhāpeti

to determine, fix, settle, define, designate, point out Ja.iv.17 (disaṃ ˚tthapetvā getting his bearings); Vb.193 sq. Vism.182; Snp-a.67; Kp-a.11, Kp-a.42, Kp-a.89; Vv-a. …

1. (f.) feeling, sensation (see on term, e.g. Cpd. 14 Mrs. Rh D. B. Psy., ch. iv.) DN.i.45; DN.ii.58 (cp. Dial. ii.54), DN.ii.66, DN.iii.58, DN.iii.77, DN.iii.221, DN.iii.228, DN.iii.238 (˚upādā …

“to sense,” usually in Denom. function (only one Caus. meaning: see aor. avedi); meaning twofold either intellectually “to know” (cp. veda), or with ref. to general feeling “to e …

to tremble, quiver, quake, shake SN.v.402; Thag.651; Thag.2, Thag.237 (˚amāna); Snp.899, Snp.902 (Pot. vedheyya); Mnd.312, Mnd.467; Ja.ii.191 (kampati +); Mil.254 (+ calati); Vv-a.76 (vedhamānena s …

to oppress, to bring into difficulties, to vex, annoy, plague hurt DN.i.116, DN.i.135; DN.ii.12; Snp.35; Ja.i.187; Ja.ii.267; Ja.iv.375; Mil.6, Mil.14; Dhp-a.191; Vv-a.69 (Pass. ˚iyamāna).

vi + he …

to loathe Snp.41 (˚amāna = aṭṭiyamāna harāyamāna Cnd.566), Snp.253, Snp.958 (˚ato = aṭṭiyato harāyato Mnd.466), Snp.963; Mnd.479.

vi + j.

to shake; fig. to be unsettled, to waver, to be in doubt SN.iv.71 (cittaṃ na vikampate) Thag.1076 (vidhāsu na v.; translation Brethren p. 366: “who is not exercised about himself in this way or in t …

to scatter about, sprinkle, spread, mix up (trs. & intrs.) MN.i.127; SN.iii.190 (in simile of playing children: paṃsv’ āgārakāni hatthehi ca pādehi ca vikiranti [mix up] vidhamanti [fall about] viddha …

…shining forth, unfolding splendour, possessing charm or grace, charming DN-a.i.40 (vyāmapabhā parikkhepa-vilāsinī splendour shining over…

Vimāna¹

neuter lit. covering a certain space, measuring; the def^ns given by Dhpāla refer it to “without measure,” i.e. immeasurable. Thus = vigata-māne appamāṇe mahanta vara-p …

1. locality, spot, region; world, realm, province, neighbourhood Snp.977. Often in foll. combinations: petti˚; (or pitti˚) and pettika
   1. the world of the manes or petas MN.i.73; SN.iii.224; SN …

to cause separation, to separate, to keep back, dissuade Vin.i.64; DN.i.226; SN.iii.110 MN.i.256; Pv.iii.10#7 (= paribāheti Pv-a.214); Mil.339; Dhs-a.311; Ne.113, Ne.164 (˚iyamāna).

Caus. of viviccati

1. difference Snp.611.
2. constituent of being (i.e. the khandhas), usually as eka˚, catu˚ & pañca˚-bhava;, e.g. Kv.261; Vb.137 Tikp.32, Kp.36 sq.; Vism.572; Kp-a.245; Snp-a.19, Snp-a.158 In thi …

at AN.iv.170 read with C. at opuniyamāna “sifting” (fr. opunāti): see remark at AN.iv.476.

*Vuṇāti

The two meanings of the root vṛ; as existing in Sk. are also found in Pāli but only peculiar to the Caus. vāreti (the form aor avari as given by Childers should be re …

is an expression for a certain punishment (pain) in purgatory MN.i.337 (vuṭṭhānimaṃ nāma vedanaṃ vediyamāna).

?

see byāma & add ref. DN.ii.18≈ Vism.136 (catu˚pamāṇa).

stretched; only neg. a˚ senseless, confused (should it be vyāyatta?) Ja.i.496 (= avyatta C.). See also viyāyata. Vyayama = vayama

vi + āyata

Vyāyāma = vāyāma

Dhs-a.146.

1. to prevent, obstruct, hinder Pv.ii.7#7 (vārayissaṃ I had the habit of obstructing; = nivāresiṃ Pv-a.102); Vv-a.68; Sdhp.364
2. to ask in marriage Thag-a.266; Pv-a.55

caus 2 vārāpeti to induc …

to struggle, strive, endeavour; to exert oneself SN.iv.308; SN.v.398; AN.iv.462 sq. (chandaṃ janeti v. viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti); Pv.iv.5#2 Vb.208 sq.; Pp.51; Vism.2; Dhp-a.iii.336; Dhp-a. …

Vyāyāma = vāyāma

Dhs-a.146.

…Pv-a.259. On vāyāma as a constituent of the “Path” (sammā˚) see magga 2.a
■ vāyāmaṃ karoti to…

to fan Ja.i.165; Snp-a.487; Vv-a.6 (T. bījati). - Caus. vījeti Dhp-a.iv.213; Mhvs.5, Mhvs.161
pass vījiyati: ppr. vījiyamāna getting fanned Ja.iii.3 …

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

1. (adj.) double, twin; only in foll. combinations: -pāṭihāriya (& ˚hīra); the miracle of the double appearances, a miracle performed by the Buddha in Sāvatthī to refute the heretical teachers (cp. …

pair Abhp.628
■ yamalī occurs in BSk. only as a kind of dress, at Divy.276; Avs.i.265.

fr. yama³

at SN.i.14 (sa vītivatto yamataṃ sumedho) we should read (with Mrs. Rh. D.’s emendation K.S. p. 320) as yaṃ mataṃ (Cy.: maññanaṃ; trsl. “he rich in wisdom hath escaped beyond conceits and deemings …

to restrain, suppress, to become tranquil; only in stanza Dhp.6 = Thag.275 = Ja.iii.488 as 1^st pl. med yamāmase in imper. sense: “pare ca na vijānanti mayaṃ ettha yamāmase,” which is expl …

(lit.) to yoke; (fig.) to join with (instr. or loc.), to engage in (loc.), to exert oneself, to endeavour. All our passages show the applied meaning, while the lit. meaning is only found in the Caus …

…1^st pl. yāma Mhvs.6, Mhvs.12 (kiṃ na y. variant reading kiṃ nu y.); 2^nd yātha = imper.;…

…& the same with kappati yāma-kālikena, sattāha-kālikenana k.; kappati satt˚, yāvajīv, na k.“ The reply of the Buddha is:…

1. method, truth, system, later = logic: ˚gantha book on logic Dāvs iii.41.
2. fitness right manner, propriety, right conduct, often applied to the “right path” (ariyamagga = ariyañāya Vin.i.10) DN. …

to take in water, to resorb, to rinse Ja.iii.297; Mil.152, Mil.262 (+ dhamati)
caus 1 ācameti a to purge, rinse one’s mouth Vin.ii.142; MN.ii.112; AN.iii.337; Pv.iv.1#53 (ācamayitvā = mukhaṃ vikk …

teacher (almost syn. with upajjhāya) Vin.i.60, Vin.i.61, Vin.i.119 (˚upajjhāya); Vin.ii.231; Vin.iv.130 (gaṇo vā ācariyo a meeting of the bhikkhus or a single teacher cp. f. āca …

Ācīyati & Āceyyati

to be heaped up, to increase, to grow; ppr. āceyyamāna Ja.v.6 (= ācīyanto vaḍḍhanto C.).

Pass. of ācināti, cp. cīyati

Ācīyati & Āceyyati

to be heaped up, to increase, to grow; ppr. āceyyamāna Ja.v.6 (= ācīyanto vaḍḍhanto C.).

Pass. of ācināti, cp. cīyati

shaken, moved (by the wind, i.e. fanned Vv.39#4 (variant reading adhuta which is perhaps to be preferred, i.e. not shaken, cp. vātadhutaṃ Dāvs v.49; Vv-a.178 explains by saṇikaṃ vidhūpayamāna, i.e. g …

to cause somebody or something to come to one, i.e.

1. to wait, to stay Vin.ii.166, Vin.ii.182, Vin.ii.212; DN.i.112, DN.i.113; SN.iv.291; Pv-a.4, Pv-a.55.
2. to wait for, to welcome Vin.ii.128 (pp …

to be wearied, exhausted or tired, to ache, to become weak or faint Vin.ii.200; DN.iii.209; MN.i.354; SN.iv.184; Kp-a.66 (hadavaṃ ā.). Cp. āyamati.

ā + gilāyati; Sk. glāyati, cp. gilāna

feeding, support, food, nutriment (lit & fig.). The term is used comprehensively and the usual enum^n. comprises four kinds of nutriment, viz.

1. kabaḷinkāra āhāro (bodily nutriment, either …

to bring, to bring towards, to fetch, procure, convey, bring back Snp.110; Pv-a.54, Pv-a.92.
pot 1^st pl. ānema (or imper. 2^nd pl ānetha MN.i.371.
fut ānayissati SN.i. …

praise i.e. that which is commendable, profit, merit, advantage good result, blessing in or from (c. loc.). There are five ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīla-sampadāya or blessings which accrue to the virtuous …

adjective wishing, desiring, hoping, expecting Vv.84#6 (kiṃ ā = kiṃ paccāsiṃ santo Vv-a.336); Pv.iv.1#24 (= āsiṃsamāna patthayamana Pv-a.226).

ppr. of āsaṃsati or āsiṃsati, for the usual earlier āsasāna

…ussoḷhi thāma etc. Cnd.122); Ja.iii.447; Mnd.378; Vb.194 (= vāyāma); DN-a.i.104.

Sk. *ātāpya, fr. ātāpa

to stretch, extend, stretch out, draw out Mil.176, usually in ster. phrase piṭṭhi me āgilāyati tam ahaṃ āyamissāmi “my back feels weak, I will stretch it” Vin.ii.200; DN.iii.209; MN.i.354; SN.iv.184 …

1. (adj.) outstretched, extended, long, in length (with numeral) DN.iii.73 (ñātikkhaya, prolonged or heavy?); MN.i.178 (dīghato ā˚; tiriyañ ca vitthata); Ja.i.77, Ja.i.273 (tettiṃs’-angul’āyato khagg …

…as n. (esp. in abl. āyāmato instr. āyāmena in length) or as adj. (-˚): Ja.i.7, Ja.i.49 (˚ato tīṇi yojanasatāni, vitthārato…

…Snp-a.463); Ja.iv.410; Pv.ii.12#12 (= āgacchati Pv-a.158); Dhp-a.i.93 (imper. āyāma let us go)
pp āyāta.

ā +…

lit. to push on or forward aim at, go for, i.e.

1. to endeavour, strain, exert oneself SN.i.1 (ppr. anāyūhaṃ unstriving), SN.i.48; Ja.vi.35 (viriyaṃ karoti C.), Ja.vi.283 (= vāyamati C.)
2. to be kee …

the fact of standing or being founded on (-˚) SN.ii.25 = AN.i.286 (dhamma˚ + dhamma-niyāmatā).

(ṭṭhāna) neuter

I. Connotation

As one of the 4 iriyāpathā (behaviours)

1. contrasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining (b) as rest with motion.
2. by itself without parti …

adjective noun standing, being in, being in a state of (-˚), staying with, dependent on (with gen.) pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyin “being in a state of one to whom it has arisen,” i.e. one who has got the idea of …