…sacred texts in the Sarabhañña manner Vin.ii.300.

• -sara an imitative word; sarasaraṃ karoti to make the noise sarasara…

1. essential, most excellent, strong AN.ii.110; Vin.iv.214; Ja.iii.368; Pp.53.
2. (m.) the innermost, hardest part of anything, the heart or pith of a tree (see also pheggu) MN.i.1 …

Abhaya ¹

A monk whose verse concerning the bewildering effects of beautiful sights is in the Theragāthā. Thag.98

Abhaya²Abhayarājakumāra

The son of King Bimbisāra and of Padum …

AjātasattuVedehiputta

Son of Bimbisāra, King of Māgadha, and therefore half-brother to Abhayarājakumāra. He murdered his father to gain the throne, and conspired with Devadatta to kill the Buddha, b …

AmbapālīAmbapālikā

A courtesan of Vesāli. She became a devout follower of the Buddha, and building a vihāra in her own garden, gave it to him and the Order. This was during the Buddha’s last visit …

A banker (seṭṭhi) of Sāvatthī who became famous because of his unparalleled generosity to the Buddha. His first meeting with the Buddha was during the first year after the Enlightenment, in Rājagaha …

…is, rather, on the Sarayū, adjacent to or an alternative name for Sāketa. However, in the Pali texts gaṅgā is sometimes used for…

BimbisāraSeniya

King of Māgadha and patron of the Buddha.

According to the Pabbajā Sutta Snp.405ff. the first meeting between the Buddha and Bimbisāra took place in Rājagaha under the Paṇḍavapabba …

BārānasīBenares

The capital of Kāsi-janapada. It was one of the four places of pilgrimage for the Buddhists - the others being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagayā and Kusināra - because it was at, the Migadā …

…Next the Horse, Assaratana, named Valāhaka, all white with crow black head, and dark mane, able to fly through the air. Then the…

A city in India on the river of the same name; it was the capital of Aṅga and was celebrated for its beautiful lake, the Gaggarā-pokkharaṇī. On its banks was a grove of campaka-trees, well known for …

King of Avanti in the time of the Buddha. His name was Pajjota, the sobriquet being added on account of his violent temper.

Once, when ill with jaundice, he asked Bimbisāra to lend him the services o …

…of the West, and Vessarana of the North. DN.ii.207f. DN.iii.194f. They keep large retinues consisting, respectively, of Gandhabbas,…

A group of Khattiyas, owners of the Ānaka-drum. SN.ii.266f.

A monk, a close relative of the Buddha, who split the Sangha, and attempted to overthrow the Buddha and have him murdered. In one passage in the Vinaya, Vin.ii.189 Devadatta is spoken of as Godhiputta …

Dhaniya¹Dhanika

A herdsman living on the bank of the river Mahī. One day, while he was in this house, having finished his preparations for the approach of the rains, he sat meditating on h …

…Paribbājakas, including Sarabha, AN.i.185 AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 and the Paribbājakārāma of Udumbarika the residence of Nigrodha, near the…

A headman of Rājagaha who visited the Buddha and asked him what destiny awaited him after death. The Buddha reluctantly replied that he would be born in the Sārañjita hell. SN.iv.310

A city near the Himalaya, capital of the Sākiyan republic. The administration and judicial business of the city and all other matters of importance were discussed and decided in the Santhāgārasālā. DN …

A brahmin village of Māgadha, presented to Kūṭadanta by Bimbisāra. The Buddha once stayed there at the Ambalaṭṭhikā pleasance, and there he preached the Kūṭadanta Sutta. DN.i.127

Māgadha3town

…Ayojjha, on the banks of the Sarayu.

Other Kosala rivers mentioned in the books are the Aciravatī DN.i.235 and the Sundarikā, SN.i.167 Snp.p.97…

KāsiKāsikaKāsigāmaKāsinigama

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 its capital being Bārāṇasī.

At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king …

A very learned brahmin of Khāṇumata, which village had been given to him by King Bimbisāra as a brahmadeyya. The Buddha arrived at Khāṇumata when Kūṭadanta was making preparations for a great sacrific …

A hall in the Mahāvana near Vesāli. The Buddha stayed there on several occasions, and in the books are found records of various eminent persons who visited him there and of his conversations with them …

LaṭṭhivanaLatthivanaLatthivanuyyāna

A grove to the southwest of Rājagaha. In it was the Supatiṭṭha cetiya, where the Buddha stayed during his first visit to Rājagaha from Gayāsīsa, after the Enlighte …

A powerful tribe of India in the time of the Buddha. They were certainly khattiyas, for on that ground they claimed a share of the Buddha’s relics. DN.ii.165

Their capital was Vesāli, and they form …

MadhurāMathurā

The capital of Surasena, situated on the Yamunā. Its king, soon after the death of Bimbisāra, was Avantiputta, MN.ii.83 who, judging by his name, was probably related to the royal fami …

The books contain a list of seven great lakes, situated in the Himālaya. They form the sources of the five great rivers and dry up only when four suns appear in the world. These seven lakes are Anotat …

One of the four chief kingdoms of India at the time of the Buddha, the others being Kosala, the kingdom of the Vaṃsas and Avanti. Māgadha formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas and had its capital at …

…them, Mahānāma, Godha, Sarakāni, Nandiya and Vappa SN.v.369–378 SN.v.395–397 SN.v.403–404 SN.v.408 AN.ii.196 AN.iii.284 AN.iv.220…

…MN.ii.29 AN.ii.175ff. and Sarabha. AN.i.185 Vekhanassa calls on the Buddha, MN.ii.40 as do Timbaruka, SN.ii.22 Vacchagotta, SN.iii.257 and Sivaka…

ParājitāParajita Sarājita

A Niraya in which those who die in battle are born. SN.iv.311

5hell

…similes and metaphors. These rivers are: Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Aciravatī, Sarabhū and Mahī. Vin.ii.239 AN.iv.101 SN.ii.135 Ud.v.4

4river

PilindavacchaPilindivacchaPilindiyavacchaPilindaPilindiPilindiya

A monk whose enigmatic Theragāthā verse speaks of what has come and not departed. Thag.9 Certain devas who had been born in the deva w …

A city, the capital of Māgadha.

The place was called Giribbaja (mountain stronghold) because it was surrounded by five hills—Paṇḍava, Gijjhakūṭa, Vebhāra, Isigili and Vepulla. It is said MN.iii.68 th …

…challenge was uttered, but Sarabha sat silent. The Buddha then declared to the Paribbājakas that no one could say that his claim to Enlightenment…

Sarabhaṅga¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Sarabhaṅga²

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of living in a hut of reeds…

…Aciravatī was its tributary. Sāketa was situated on the banks of the Sarabhū, which flowed through the Añjanavana.

Saryu1river

SarakāniSaraṇāni

A Sākyan. When he died the Buddha declared that he was a sotāpanna, bound for enlightenment. But many of the Sākyans spoke…

A class of Devas, the gods of “Passionate Delight”. According to the belief of some, a man who dies fighting is born among them. SN.iv.308

Soṇa¹

A Thera, declared chief of those possessing clear utterance. AN.i.24 He lived in Avantī, where he met Mahākaccāna and was later ordained by him, after much difficulty assembling the …

A rich brahmin of Campā, very learned in the Vedas; he lived in a royal domain, given to him as royal fief by King Bimbisāra. When the Buddha was in Campā, on the banks of the Gaggarā-lake, Soṇadaṇḍa …

SubhakinnāSubhakiṇṇāSubhakiṇhā

A class of Brahmas who occupy the ninth Rūpa-world; a division of the Subha devā.MN.iii.102 DN.ii.69 MN.i.2 Beings are born in that world as a result of developing the …

Sudhamma¹

He lived in Macchikāsaṇḍa, in a monastery (the Ambātakārāma) provided by Citta. Citta used to invite Sudhamma to his house for meals. One day Sāriputta, at the head of several em …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of the advantages of associating with good people. Thag.75

Sāgata

He was the personal attendant of the Buddha at he time when Soṇa Kolvisa visited Bimbisāra, with overseers of the eighty thousand townships of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Sāgata was endowed with supe …

A shrine at Vesāli. DN.ii.75 DN.ii.102 Ud.vi.1

Vesāli3shrine

Udena Cetiya Udenacetiya

A shrine of pre-Buddhistic worship, to the east of Vesāli.

It is mentioned with other shrines at Vesāli—Gotamaka, Sārandada, Sattamba, Cāpāla and Bahuputta—all of which are …

The capital of Avanti. In the Buddha’s time, Caṇḍapajjota Vin.i.276 was king of Ujjenī and there was friendly intercourse between that city and Māgadha, whose king was Seniya Bimbisāra. After Bimbisār …

UruvelākassapaKassapa

One of three brothers, the Tebhātika-Jatilas, living at Uruvelā. After initial resistance, all became the Buddha’s followers. He lived on the banks of the Nerañjara with five h …

The name of a country and of its people. It was one of the sixteen Great Nations. The inhabitants appear to have consisted of several confederate clans of whom the Licchavī and the Videhā were the chi …

A brahmin, chief minister of Ajātasattu. He and Sunidha were in charge of the fortifications of Pāṭaligāma, built against the Vajjī. Vin.i.228 Ud.viii.6 DN.ii.72ff.

At Ajātasattu’s suggestion, Vass …

A city, capital of the Licchavis. It is not possible to know how many visits were paid by the Buddha to Vesāli, but the books would lead us to infer that they were several. Various Vinaya rules are me …

Veḷuvana¹Veṇuvana

A park near Rājagaha, the pleasure garden of Bimbisāra. When the Buddha first visited Rājagaha, after his Enlightenment, he stayed at the Latthivanuyyāna. Vin.i.35 The da …

A country and its people. At the time of the Buddha, Videha formed one of the two important principalities of the Vajjian confederacy. Its capital was Mithilā. The kingdom bordered on the Ganges, on o …

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

A headman who visited the Buddha and asked if it was true that men who fall fighting in battle are reborn among the Sārañjita devas. At first the Buddha refused to answer the question, but finding tha …

A Brahma-world where live radiant devas from whose bodies rays of light are emitted, like lightning. It belongs to the Rūpaloka and is in the plane of second jhāna The devas living there subsist on …

ĀjīvakāĀjīvikā

A class of naked ascetics, Vin.i.291 followers of Makkhali Gosāla, regarded, from the Buddhist point of view, as the worst of sophists. Numerous references to the Ājīvakas are to be fo …

ĀrāmikagāmaPilindagāma

The name given to the village in which lived the five hundred park-keepers who were given by Bimbisāra to the Elder Pilindavaccha. It was near Rājagaha and was also called Pil …

ĀṇiĀṇakaĀṇṇaka

A mutiṅga (kettle-drum) belonging to the Dasārahas. As it grew old and began to split, they fixed in another peg, and this process was continued, until, at last, the original drumhe …

menekvés, szabadulás

létforgatag

give offense.

without a companion; without a helper.

without beginning (or end, generally of saṃsāra).

1. (mfn.) not transgressing.
2. (m.) non-deviation

1. not being an owner or master; not empowered, powerless.
2. without an owner or ruler; without a creator

follows, pursues; conforms oneself to

(~antī)n.

anussarati¹

pr. 3 sg. follows, pursues; conforms oneself to

anussarati²

pr. 3 sg. remembers, recollects, calls to mind;…

remembrance; repeated recollection.

who remembers.

not having saline soil

removing; taking (a ship) out from land (?):

1. going away, departure; loss, decline; moral deterioration; perdition.
2. misfortune; one of four unhappy destinies in saṃsāra.

precious horse, an excellent horse; esp. the ’horse-treasure ’ (one of the seven ratanas of a cakkavatti(n) king)

excessive view(s); deviant view(s).

going beyond, deviation; transgression.

goes down (to); moves away (to).

cry of distress

excellent scent because of sandalwood decoration.

the essence of sandalwood; the best sandalwood; the pith of sandalwood.

not making the sound saṃsara?

the sound or tone of singing; a singing accent or tone.

issara¹

mfn. and masculine

1. (mfn.) in authority, empowered; in charge; powerful, rich.
2. (m.)
   1. one in authority, with power; a…

the work of a god; creation by a god

creation by a god

mistress.

consisting of authority and supremacy; of supreme authority

natural pond or lake.

natural pond or lake.

harsh toned; making a harsh sound

treasurer; a guardian of the treasury

with a voice like a crow’s, hoarse voiced

goes out, departs; escapes from; is rid of, is separated from.

going out, departure; escape; separation (from), riddance; means, remedy to get rid of or counteract something.

connected with, conducive to, separation, getting rid of, escape.

indeclinable (temporary) expulsion; suspension.

, ~a, neuter

1. (from nissāraṇa)
2. involving suspension; (the formal act) connected with suspension.
3. to be got rid of?

of nissarati expels (temporarily from the saṅgha), suspends

of nissarati expelled; suspended

of nissarati

going out, setting forth; (the way of) getting out, leaving (saṃsāra)

going out, setting forth; being a good way, leading to good; conducive to leaving (saṃsāra)

one who leaves (saṃsara)

goes out, goes forth (to); leaves; esp. leaves saṃsara.

rapid flow of water, a torrent; the torrent or flood of phenomenal life, of saṃsāra; a torrent or flood of evil or passion etc. (often identified with the āsavas).

or masculine a projection to a house or building, a verandah

goes down (to); approaches; enters; flows into; (+ acc. or loc).

going down (to), entering; approach; entrance.

or masculine a projection to a house or building, a verandah

osārayati¹

pp mfn.

1. makes enter; puts into or on to; lowers (into).
2. makes re-enter, re-admits (a bhikkhu to the saṅgha after suspension)

osārayati²

caus. pr. 3 sg. …

bringing before the saṅgha, admitting; esp. re-admitting (a suspended bhikkhu) to the saṅgha; re-accepting (a layman, who had been disciplined).

(the formal act) connected with re-admittance.

guarded; with a protector

associated with an offense; transgressing

of which the essential or strong part is the skin or bark.

the sound or music of strings.

shuttle.

attachment to, devotion to moving on (?)

purity by means of continuing further; purity through saṃsara

1. expels; sends away, dismisses.
2. raises, lifts; moves

shining, radiant; (m.pl.) (the name of a class of gods inhabiting one of the rūpabrahmalokas.

dish for holding water (for sipping or washing)

guarding charioteer

saline; having saline soil; saline soil.

Amata: Sanskrit amrta Not to die = Deathlessness, immortality, is a name for Nibbāna the final liberation from the wheel of rebirths samsāra, and therefore also from the ever-repeated death …

Anattā: No-self, egolessness, soullessness, impersonality, absence of identity, is the last of the 3 universal characteristics of existence ti-lakkhana. This anattā doctrine, which only is t …

[[cycle of existence]]Cycle of existence: see: samsarā vatta

Escape: nissarana see: pahāna.

Existence: bhava - The 5 groups of e.: khandha - The 4 substrata of e.: upadhi - Courses of e.: gati - Wheel of e.: samsāra. - Craving for e.: bhava-tanhā see …

…5 overcoming by escape nissarana-pahāna

1: Among these, ‘overcoming by repression’ is the pushing back of adverse things, such as…

…the third Refuge see: ti-sarana is said to be;the incomparable field of merit in the world; anuttaram, puññakkhettam see: anussati 3….

…namely:

Buddham saranam gacchāmi
Dhammam saranam gacchāmi
Sangham saranam gacchāmi

I take refuge in the…

Ābhassara: The ‘Radiant Ones’, are a class of divine beings of the fine-material world rūpa-loka, cf. deva

to stretch out Vin.i.179 (pāde).

abhi + pasāreti, cp. BSk. abhiprasārayati Divy.389

retinue Ja.v.373.

fr. abhi + sarati, of sṛ; to go

…C.). 2. (pass.) approached, visited Vin.i.268.

pp. of abhisarati, abhi + sṛ; to flow

…Pts.i.126 (variant reading id.).

abhi + issara

to approach, to persecute Ja.vi.377.

abhi + sāreti, Caus. of abhisarati

…by analogy of ati + a + sara (smṛ) Not with Morris (J.P.T.S. 1889, 200) a corruption of accaya + sara (smṛ), thus meaning “mindful…

of atisarati to go beyond the limit, to go astray Ja.v.70.

fr. ati + sṛ.

…instead of accasarā.

abstr. to accasara

adjective = accasara 1., aspiring too high Snp.8 sq. (yo nâccasārī, opp. to na paccasārī; expl^d. at Snp-a.21 by yo nâtidhāvi, opp….

…Dhp-a.iii.19; Pv-a.46 (dev˚); Mil.169 Sdhp.298.

Vedic apsaras = āpa, water + sarati, orig; water nymph

covering, hiding, concealment Pp.19, Pp.23
■ Note. In id. p. at Vb.358 we read accasarā for acchādanā. Is the latter merely a gloss?

= prec.

(in compounds addha˚;)

1. (of space a path, road, also journey (see compounds & derivations); only in one ster. phrase Ja.iv.384 = Ja.v.137 (pathaddhuno paṇṇarase va cando, gen. for loc. ˚addha …

SN.v.218: substitute variant reading accasara (q.v.).

adjective constant, durable, lasting DN.iii.86. As tt. for one of 4 branches of Vedic learning (DN.i.88) it is Phonetics which probably included Grammar, and is explained by sikkhā …

…saddavedhin & saravedhin).

In BSk. we find akṣuṇṇavedha (a Sanskritised Pāli form cp. Mathurā kṣuṇa = Sk. kṣaṇa) at…

indeclinable emphatic particle

1. in affirmative sentences: part. of assurance emphasis = for sure, very much (so), indeed, truly. Note. In connection with a dat. or an infin. the latter only app …

adjective epithet of Saṃsāra “whose beginning and end are alike unthinkable”, i.e., without beginning or end. Found in two passages of the Canon SN.ii.178, SN.ii.187 sq. = SN.iii.149, SN.iii.151 = SN. …

adjective (usually ˚-) not one, i.e. many, various; countlcss, numberless Iti.99 (saṃvaṭṭakappā countless aeons); Snp.688 (˚sākhā); Dhp.153 (˚jātisāra); Ja.iv.2 Ja.vi.366.

• -pariyāyena (instr.) …

adjective without a personal ereator Thag.713.

an + issara

…˚vitakheti reflect over, ˚sara con-sequential; etc 2. applied: according to, in conformity with. E.g. ˚kūla being to will ˚chavika…

to have pity on, to feel sorry for, to help, give protection DN.i.53 (vācaṃ; cp. DN-a.i.160: sārato agaṇhaṇto); Ja.ii.74; Cnd.50 (ppr. med -gayhamāna = anukampamāna); Pp.36; Pv-a.181 (imper. *[an …

to have pity on, to feel sorry for, to help, give protection DN.i.53 (vācaṃ; cp. DN-a.i.160: sārato agaṇhaṇto); Ja.ii.74; Cnd.50 (ppr. med -gayhamāna = anukampamāna); Pp.36; Pv-a.181 (imper. *[an …

to follow, conform oneself to SN.iv.303 (phalaṃ anusarissati BB, but balaṃ anupadassati SS perhaps to be preferred)
caus anusāreti to bring together with, to send up to or aga …

…˚ussada˚); Iti.97 (vv.ll. anussata & anussara).

to remember, recollect, have memory of (acc.), bear in mind; be aware of DN.ii.8, DN.ii.53, DN.ii.54 (jātito etc.); SN.iii.86 sq. (pubbenivāsaṃ), SN.v.67 (dhammaṃ a. anuvitakketi), 303 (kappasahassaṃ) …

remembrance, memory, recollection Iti.107 (= anussati at id. p. SN.v.67) Pv-a.25, Pv-a.29.

abstr. to anussarati

one who recollects or remembers SN.v.197, SN.v.225 (saritar +) AN.v.25, AN.v.28.

n. ag. to anussarita, pp. of anussarati

…SN.v.67 = Iti.107 (anussaraṇa at latter pass.); AN.iii.284, AN.iii.325, AN.iii.452. Pts.i.48, Pts.i.95, Pts.i.186 Pp.25, Pp.60; Dhs.14,…

“going along with”, following, conformity. Only in obl. eases (-˚) anusārena (instr. in consequence of, in accordance with, according to Ja.i.8; Pv-a.187 (tad), Pv-a.227; and …

see anusarati.

…C.); Sdhp.528 (attha˚).

fr. anu + sarati

anguish, remorse, conscience Vv.40#5 (= vippaṭisāra Vv-a.180); Dhs-a.384.

fr. anu + tāpa

…with anuvicāreti DN.i.119; DN.iii.242; SN.v.67 = Iti.107 (anussarati +); AN.iii.383.

anu + vi + takketi

adjective not dependent or relying on others Vin.i.12 (vesārajja-ppatta +); DN.i.110 (id.); MN.ii.41; MN.i.491; SN.iii.83; DN-a.i.278 (nâssa paro paccayo).

a + para + paccaya

adjective guilty, offending, criminal Ja.ii.117 (vāja˚); Mil.149 (issara˚), Mil.189 (aparādhikatā).

fr. aparādha, cp. Sk. aparādhin

adjective having no support Ja.iii.386 (f. -ī; C. appatiṭṭhā appaṭisaraṇā).

a + parāyin, cp. parāyana

“going away” viz.

1. separation, loss Dhp.211 (piya˚ = viyoga Dhp-a.iii.276).
2. loss (of property) DN.iii.181, DN.iii.182; AN.ii.166; AN.iv.283; Ja.iii.387 (atth˚).
3. leakage, out flow (of water) …

the spoke of a wheel DN.ii.17 (sahass’ âra adj with thousand spokes), cp. Mil.285; Ja.iv.209; Ja.vi.261; Mil.238; Dhp-a.ii.142; Vv-a.106 (in allegorical etym of arahant = saṃsāra-cakkassa arānaṃ ha …

…(opp. saraṇa). See saraṇa^2.

• -vihārin (or araṇā-vihārin) [to be most likely…

not coming together, not meeting, separation Ja.v.233.

a + samosaraṇa

Assa¹

shoulder; in cpd. assapuṭa shoulder-bag, knapsack i.e. a bag containing provisions instr. assupuṭena with provisions. Later exegesis has interpreted this as a bag full of ashes, …

variant reading at Iti.111 for asāraddha.

noun adjective that which is not substance, worthlessness; adj. worthless, vain, idle Snp.937 (= asāra nissāra sārâpagata Mnd.409); Dhp.11, Dhp.12 (cp. Dhp-a.i.114 for interpretation).

a + sāra

adjective not excited, cool AN.i.148 = Iti.119 (passaddho kāyo a.; variant reading assāraddha).

a + sāraddha

adjective unessential, worthless, sapless, rotten Thag.260; Ja.ii.163 = Dhp-a.i.144.

a + sāraka

Ati-issara

adjective very powerful(?) Ja.v.441 (˚bhesajja, medicin). Ati-unha

indeclinable adv. and prep of direction (forward motion), in primary meaning “on and further”, then “up to and beyond”.

I. in abstr position

adverbially (only as ttg.): in excess, extremel …

adjective transgressing, sinning Ja.iv.6; cp. atisāra.

fr. atisarati; cp. accasara

to go too far, to go beyond the limit, to overstep, transgress, aor. accasari (q.v.) Snp.8 sq (opp. paccasari; C. atidhāvi); Ja.v.70 and atisari Ja.iv.6. ger …

…Dhp-a.i.182; Dhs-a.28. See also atisara.

fr. ati + sṛ; see atisarati. Cp. Sk. atisāra…

to pass, pass over, go beyond; to overcome, get over; conquer Vin.ii.237 (samuddo velaṃ n’); SN.ii.92 (saṃsāraṃ); SN.iv.158 (id.) Iti.9 (saṃsāraṃ) = AN.ii.10 = Cnd.172#a; Thag.412; Ja.i.58, Ja.i.280 J …

…cp. Kp-a.132.

• -saraṇa see ˚dipa.
• -sukha happiness of oneself, self-success Dpvs.i.66,…

to go down, to go away (to) Snp.685 (variant reading BB. T. avaṃsari).

ava + sṛ.

ignorance; the main root of evil and of continual rebirth (see paṭicca-samuppāda, cp. SN.ii.6, SN.ii.9, SN.ii.12; Snp.p.141 & many other passages) See on term; Cpd. 83 n. 3, 18 …

absence of regret or remorse AN.iii.46.

a + vippaṭisāra

…Dhp-a.i.181.

• -saraṇa (an˚) not betaking oneself to others for refuge, i.e. of independent, sure knowledge…

…dhanavā); DN-a.i.281 (= issara); Dhp-a.ii.37 (˚kula) Sdhp.270 (satasākh˚), Sdhp.312 (guṇ˚), Sdhp.540 sq. (id.), Sdhp.561.

Sk. āḍhya…

1. a great flood (= ogha), the sea or ocean (often as mah˚ cp. BSk. mahārṇava, e.g. Jtm.31#75) MN.i.134; SN.i.214 SN.iv.157 (mahā udak˚); Snp.173 (fig. for saṃsāra see Snp-a.214), Snp.183, Snp.184; J …

…by stitch Pv.iii.2#3.

• -ssara cry of distress Vin.iii.105; SN.ii.255; Ja.i.265 Ja.ii.117; Mil.357; Pv-a.285.

Sk. ārta, pp. of ardati, ṛd…

…king DN.i.137 sq., of brahmassara, the supreme or most excellent voice (of the Buddha) DN.ii.211; Ja.i.95; Vv-a.217. Also in Buddh. Sk….

…and sarasara.

onomat., cp. Sk. balbalā-karoti to stammer or stutter, barbara = Gr. βάρβαρος stuttering, people…

adjective strong, powerful, sturdy MN.i.244 (purisa) SN.i.222; Ja.ii.406; Dhp-a.ii.208; Vv-a.35; Pv-a.94. Comparative balavatara Mil.131; f. -a(n)tarī Sdhp.452. In compound balava˚; e.g. *- …

…Snp.140 (manta˚, well-acquainted with Mantras; cp. Snp-a.192; vedabandhū veda-paṭisaraṇā ti vuttaṃ hoti); Ja.v.335 (bodhaneyya˚) cp….

…ā˚, pa˚.

fr….

fear, fright, dread AN.ii.15 (jāti-maraṇa˚); DN.iii.148, DN.iii.182; Dhp.39, Dhp.123, Dhp.212 sq., Dhp.283; Mnd.371, Mnd.409; Pp.56; Vism.512; Kp-a.108; Snp-a.155; Dhp-a.iii.23. There are some len …

…Sdhp.429
■ issara˚; the drum of the ruler or lord Ja.i.283 paṭaha˚; kettle-drum Dpvs.16, 14; Dhs-a.319; Pv-a.4 yāma˚;…

…(= citta Snp-a.374) asaraṇa˚; state of not remembering Dhp-a.iii.121; samaṇa˚ condition of a recluse Snp.551 4. forms of…

(or bimbī) gold, of golden colour DN-a.i.280 = Snp-a.448 (in Bdhgh’s fanciful etym of king Bimbisāra, viz. bimbī ti suvaṇṇaṃ, sārasuvaṇṇa-sadisa-vaṇṇatāya B.).

• *-[jāla](/def …

…explains by avissaṭṭha-ssara sampiṇḍita-ssara, i.e. “continuous”) Ja.ii.439 (= bindhunā avisaṭena piṇḍitena sarena samannāgata…

…Snp-a.325; Dhs-a.195. -ssara “heavenly sound, a divine voice, a beautiful and deep voice (with 8 fine qualities: see enumerated under bindu)…

…Snp-a.325; Dhs-a.195. -ssara “heavenly sound, a divine voice, a beautiful and deep voice (with 8 fine qualities: see enumerated under bindu)…

Buddha¹

adjective

1. understood SN.i.35 = SN.i.60 (su-dub-buddha very difficult to understand)
2. having attained enlightenment, wise AN.iv.449; Pv-a.16 (buddh’ ādayo), Pv-a.60 (= ari …

sandal (tree wood or unguent, also perfume) Vin.i.203; AN.i.9, AN.i.145 AN.i.226; AN.iii.237; Dhp.54; Ja.v.420 (tree, m.); Mil.382; Dhp-a.i.422; Dhp-a.iv.189 (˚pūjā); Vv-a.158 (agalu˚ with aloe & s …

adjective subsequent, last (opp. pubba) Thag.202; Iti.18; Ja.v.120
■ acarima not later (apubba ac˚ simultaneously) DN.i.185; MN.iii.65; Pp.13.

• -bhava the last rebirth (in Sa …

…caturaṃsa & next; -(r)assara (see last) with 4 sharp sides (of a hammer; ˚muggara Dhp-a.i.126; -(r)ādhiṭṭhāna (adj.) one who has…

…into another DN.i.14 (sañsaranti c˚ upapajjanti, cp. DN-a.i.105); Kp.viii.4 (= Kp-a.220: apeti vigacchati acetano pi samāno…

tumulus, sepulchral monument, cairn, MN.i.20; Dhp.188; Ja.i.237; Ja.vi.173; Snp-a.194 (dhātu-gharaṃ katvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ); Kp-a.221; Dhp-a.iii.29 (dhātu˚) Dhp-a.iv.64); Vv-a.142; Sdhp.428 …

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Cha & Chaḷ

(cha in composition effects gemination of consonant, e.g. chabbīsati = cha + vīsati, chabbaṇṇa cha + vaṇṇa, chaḷ only before vowels in compound chaḷanga, chaḷ-abhiññā) the number six.

…

Ashes Vin.i.210; Vin.ii.220; DN.ii.164 = Ud.93; AN.i.209; AN.iv.103; Ja.iii.447; Ja.iv.88; Ja.v.144; Dhp-a.i.256 Dhp-a.ii.68; Vv-a.67; Pv-a.80 (chārikangāra).

Cp. kṣāyati to burn, kṣāra burning; …

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

thief, a robber Vin.i.74, Vin.i.75, Vin.i.88, Vin.i.149; SN.ii.100, SN.ii.128 = AN.ii.240; SN.ii.188 (gāmaghāta, etc.); SN.iv.173; MN.ii.74 = Thag.786; AN.i.48; AN.ii.121 sq.; AN.iv.92, AN.iv.278; Snp …

eighty-four Ja.vi.226 (mahākappe as duration of Saṃsāra); Pv-a.254 (id.). Also as cūḷāsīti q.v.

= caturāsīti

1. (adj.) shifted, disappeared, deceased, passed from one existence to another Vin.iv.216; Snp.774, Snp.899; Iti.19, Iti.99; Ja.i.139, Ja.i.205; Pp.17
   ■ -accuta permanent. no …

…See also anussati & anussarati.

• -ādhiṭṭhāna the resolution of generosity, as one of the 4: paññā˚, sacca˚, c˚., upasama˚…

adjective to be tamed or restrained; esp with ref. to a young bullock MN.i.225 (balagāvā dammagāvā the bulls & the young steers); Iti.80; also of other animals: assadamma-sārathi a horse-trainer AN. …

adjective noun full of insight, seeing, perceiving, taking notice of. In combination with -ñū (knowing) it plays the part of an additional emphasis to the 1st term = knowing & seeing i.e. having co …

god, a divine being; usually in pl. devā the gods. As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level. Thus primarily (see 1^a) …

…MN.i.305; DN.iii.229;

• -saraṇa relying on or putting one’s faith in the Dh. (see above C 3) DN.iii.58 DN.iii.77;…

…to fall to dust, sink down, perish; Idg. dheṷes to fly like dust, cp. Sk. dhūsara “dusky” Ags. dust; Ger. dust & dunst; E. dusk & dust;…

…Ohg toum. Connected also w. dhāvate; see further dhūpa dhūma, dhūsara, dhona & a secondary root Idg; *dheṷes in dhaṃsati

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

adjective dust-coloured Vv-a.335.

Sk. dhūsara, Ags. dust = E. dust & dusk, Ger. dust; see dhvaṃsati & dhunoti & cp. Walde, Lat Wtb. under furo

…poison, poisoned Ja.iv.435 (sara, a poisoned arrow); perhaps to be read at Iti.68 for duṭṭha (scil. sara) and at SN.ii.230 for diṭṭha Cp….

…tevācika, saying the whole saraṇa-formula), Vin.i.4; Ja.i.81; -sattaratta twice seven nights, a fortnight [cp. Sk….

…combined w. tāṇa lena & saraṇa & expl. in Com by patiṭṭhā)-

1. lit. island: SN.v.219; Ja.iii.187; Vv-a.19; Mhvs.vii.7, Mhvs.vii.41
   …

…double acc.: Bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi “I entrust myself to Bh.” Vin.i.16-Cp. also phrases as atthangacchati to go home, to set, to…

…(expl. by haṃsamadhurassara).

Gaggarā as Name of a lake at Vism.208 See note on gala.

Vedic gargara throat, whirlpool. *gṷer to sling…

…demon). sagaha having crocodiles, full of e. (of the ocean) (+ sarakkhasa) Iti.57. Cp. gahaṇa & saṃ˚.

Sk. graha,…

…being on the road Pv-a.43; saraṇa˚ finding shelter (in the Dhamma) Pv-a.49. 2. (adj.) (-˚) going or leading to, conducive to: nibbāna˚…

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

…yo ca Buddhaṃ… saraṇaṃ gato (cp. gacchati 4) Dhp.190; attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gato he went to his domicile Ja.i.280;…

1. going, going away, (opp. āgati coming) (both gati & āgati usually in pregnant sense of No. (2) See āgati); direction, course, career. Freq of the two careers of a Mahāpurisa (viz. either a Cakkavat …

…Pv.ii.12#16
■ ghorassara of a terrible cry (Ep. of an ass) Mil.363, Mil.365.

Vedic ghora, orig. meaning, wailing, howling, lamenting, to…

collection of houses, a hamlet (cp. Ger. gemeinde), a habitable place (opp. arañña: gāme vā yadi vâraññe Snp.119), a parish or village having boundaries & distinct from the surrounding country (gāmo c …

…-sadda id. Ja.iv.3; Dhs.621; Dhp-a.i.15;

• -ssara id. Vin.ii.108; AN.iii.251; Ja.iii.188.

pp. of gāyati

1. hand DN.i.124; AN.i.47; Snp.610; Ja.vi.40
   ■ forearm Vin.iv.221; of animals SN.v.148; Ja.i.149; -pāda hand and foot MN.i.523; AN.i.47; Ja.ii.117; Pv-a.241; Dhp-a.iv.7. sahassa˚; thousand …

…Ja.vi.227 Ja.vi.361 (= issara C.), Ja.vi.517; Dāvs i.11 2. successful satisfactory, sufficient Vin.i.212 (bhattaṃ); Vin.iv.313 (ovādo).

pp….

1. lord, ruler, master, chief AN.iv.90; Snp.552; Ja.i.89 (˚jana), Ja.i.100, Ja.i.283 (˚bheri); Ja.iv.132 (˚jana); Pv.iv.6#7 (˚mada) Mil.253 (an˚ without a ruler); Dhs-a.141; DN-a.i.111; Pv-a.31 (ge …

…(for ādhipacca); Sdhp.418, Sdhp.583.

fr. issara

…ñāti˚, gotta˚, dhamma˚, sarakkhā, saparidaṇḍā; see Vin.iii.139 for expl^n. SN.i.38 (malaṃ brahmacariyassa), SN.i.43 (id.);…

…ñāti˚, gotta˚, dhamma˚, sarakkhā, saparidaṇḍā; see Vin.iii.139 for expl^n. SN.i.38 (malaṃ brahmacariyassa), SN.i.43 (id.);…

…without fuel); -ssara a natural pond or lake Vin.i.111; Ja.i.470; Ja.ii.57.

pp. of janati (janeti), cp. Lat. (g)nātus, Goth. kunds;…

…horse Ja.ii.97;

• -ssara the remembrance of (former) births (˚ñāṇa) Ja.i.167; Ja.iv.29; Dhp-a.ii.27; Dhp-a.iv.51; cp….

adjective variegated, spotted, striped; mixed, intermingled; in patches Vism.190. Of a cow (˚gāvī) Dhp-a.i.71 (˚go-rūpa) Dhp-a.i.99; of a calf (˚vaccha Ja.v.106; of a dog (˚vaṇṇa = sabala q.v.) Ja. …

kind of gem Mil.118 (vajira k. phussarāga lohitanka).

…having beautiful feet) Dhp-a.i.119; f. pādī appl. to Apsaras, Ja.ii.93; Dhp-a.i.119; Mil.169.

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

…ca kammaññañ ca pabhassarañ ca) AN.i.257 (reads ˚iyañ) = Vism.247; of upekhā and sati Cnd.661 cp. Bdhd 104; of kāya & citta Bdhd 121….

…ca kammaññañ ca pabhassarañ ca) AN.i.257 (reads ˚iyañ) = Vism.247; of upekhā and sati Cnd.661 cp. Bdhd 104; of kāya & citta Bdhd 121….

…ca kammaññañ ca pabhassarañ ca) AN.i.257 (reads ˚iyañ) = Vism.247; of upekhā and sati Cnd.661 cp. Bdhd 104; of kāya & citta Bdhd 121….

adjective noun anything made with a definite object in view, prepared, arranged; or that which is fit, suitable, proper. See also DN-a.i.103 & Kp-a.115 for var. meanings.

I. Literal Meaning # …

adjective

1. (cp. kappa ii.1^a) according to rule, right, suitable, fitting, proper, appropriate (Pv-a.26 = anucchavika paṭirūpa) Ja.i.392; DN-a.i.9; Pv-a.25 Pv-a.141
   ■ a˚; not r …

adverb dubit. interr. part.

1. how; with ind. pres. Pv-a.6 (k. puriso paṭilabhati), or with fut. & cond. Ja.i.222; Ja.ii.159 (k. tattha gamissāmi); Ja.vi.500; Pv-a.54 (na dassāmi)
2. why, for what …

1. talk talking, conversation AN.i.130; Pv-a.39. So in antarā˚ DN.i.179; Snp.p.107, Snp.p.115; cp. sallāpa. Also in tiracchāna˚; low, common speech, comprising 28 kinds of conversational talk a b …

1. a corner, an angle Vin.i.48, Vin.i.286; Ja.i.73; Ja.iii.42 Ja.v.38; Ja.vi.519; Pv-a.74; Dhp-a.ii.178; Dāvs ii.111- cīvara˚; the edge of the garment Vism.389. Freq. in cpd. catu˚; (catukkaṇṇa …

…-sara a reed: Saccharum Sara, used as medicine Dhs-a.78.

• -sāra (Dhp-a.i.268) &…

Kaṭṭha¹

ploughed, tilled Snp.80; Mil.255; Pv-a.45, Pv-a.62. a˚ untilled, unprepared Anvs.27. su˚ well-ploughed AN.i.229; Mil.255.

Sk. kṛṣṭa, pp. of kasati, cp. kiṭṭha

Kaṭṭha^{2</su …}

…a tuft of hair Pv-a.157; Vv-a.167.

Vedic keśa; cp. kesara hair, mane = Lat. caesaries, hair of the head, Ags. heord = E….

Kesara¹

a mane, in -sīha a maned lion Ja.ii.244; Snp-a.127.

Kesara²

filament of flowers, hairy…

having a mane, of a lion, also name of a battle-array (˚saṃgāmo) Dpvs.i.7; cp. Avs.i.56.

fr. kesara¹

I. Crude meaning

bulk, massiveness (gross) substance.

1. Esp. used
   1. of an elephant: the bulk of the body, i.e. its back SN.i.95 vāraṇassa Ja.iii.392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on th …

…MN.i.185; Vism.349 (= pharusa).

• -mukha a conch Ja.vi.580.
• -ssara of rough sound SN.ii.128.

cp. Sk….

1. (adj.) full of peace, safe; tranquil, calm DN.i.73 (of a country) SN.i.123 (of the path leading to the ambrosial, i.e. Nibbāna), SN.i.189 = Snp.454 (of vācā nibbānapattiyā); MN.i.227 (vivaṭaṃ amata …

to throw, to cast, to throw out or forth, to upset Snp.p.32 (cittaṃ); Ja.i.223 (sīsaṃ), Ja.i.290 (pāsake); Ja.ii.3 (daḷhaṃ dalhassa: to pit force against force)
aor khipi SN.iv.2, SN.iv.3 (khuracakk …

thrown; cast, overthrown Dhp.34; rajo paṭivātaṃ kh˚, dirt thrown against the wind SN.i.13, SN.i.164 = Snp.662 = Dhp.125; Ja.iii.203; ratti-khittā sarā arrows shot in the night Dhp.304 = Ne.11; acchi …

…DN.i.114, DN.i.120, etc.

• -desa, in ˚issara ruler of a small district Sdhp.348.

Vedic kṣudra

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

adjective noun only in neg. sentences: something, anything From the freq. context in the older texts it has assumed the moral implication of something that sticks or adheres to the character of a man, …

… ■ vāri˚ Pv.ii.1#20 (= kesara Pv-a.77) in combination with kesara Vv-a.12, Vv-a.111, Vv-a.175.

cp. Sk. kiñjalka & remarks at Aufrecht;…

…be drawn aside) Vin Texts iii.174,…

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

anger. Nearest synonyms are āghāta (Dhs.1060 = Cnd.576 both expositions also of dosa), upanāha (always in chain rāga, dosa, moha, kodha, upanāha) and *[dhūma]( …

going from kula to kula (clan to clan) in saṃsāra: AN.i.233 = Pp.16; SN.v.205; Ne.189 cp. AN.iv.381; AN.v.120.

der. fr. kula

Koñca¹

the heron, often in combⁿ with mayūra (peacock): Thag.1113; Vv.11#1, Vv.35#8 Ja.v.304; Ja.vi.272; or with haṃsa Pv.ii.12#3
■ Explained as sārasa Vv- …

the end—

1. of space: the extreme part, top, summit, point (cp. anta to which it is opposed at Ja.vi.371): dhanu-koṭiṃ nissāya “through the (curved) end of my bow,” i.e. by means …

adjective

1. having a point or a top, with ref. to the human teeth as eka˚, dvi˚; ti˚, catu˚, or teeth with one, two, etc., points Vism.251.
2. having an end or climax SA on pariyanta (see KS. p. …

1. bad doing, misconduct, bad character. Def. kucchitaṃ kataṃ kukataṃ tassa bhāvo kukkuccaṃ Vism.470 & Bdhd 24
   ■ Various explanations in Nd ii.on Snp.1106 = Dhs.1160, in its literal sense it is b …

…(expl. at DN-a.i.84 caturassara-ammaṇakatāḷaṃ kumbhasaddan ti pi eke) DN.iii.183; Ja.v.506 (pāṇissaraṃ +). -˚ika one who plays…

…harnessing Vin.ii.108 (sara˚: accuracy in sound, harmony); Ja.iii.314 (massu˚ beard-dressing, explained by massu-kiriyā. Here…

…Dhp-a.iii.352;

• -ssaraka (having a voice) sounding like a crow Vin.i.115.

onomat., cp. Sk. kāka; for other onomat. relatives see note…

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

…-nissaraṇa deliverance from passion, the extinction of passion Iti.61 (as three nissaraṇīyā dhātuyo), cp….

…AN.i.143; DN.iii.7; Ābhassara˚ (“world of radiance”) DN.i.17 = DN.iii.29, DN.iii.84; Deva˚ SN.i.27, SN.i.30; DN.iii.264 (˚nikāya);…

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

…combined with tāṇa & saraṇa;, e.g. at DN.i.95; SN.iv.315 (maṃ-leṇa refuge with me; + maṃtāṇa); SN.iv.372 (= nibbāna);…

…sannicita˚; and saṃsaraṇa˚), Vism.409 (the colour of the heartblood in relation to states of mind); Vb-a.66; Pv-a.56 Pv-a.78,…

ruby AN.iv.199, AN.iv.203; Tha-ap.2; Vv.36#3; Vv-a.304. See masāragalla for further refs. Note. The word is not found in Vedic and Class. Sk. a later term for “ruby” is *[ …

…or casuistry) -issara lord of the world Sdhp.348. -uttara see under lokiya….

…lac Thig.440 (= lākhā-rasarattehi viya tambehi lomehi samannāgata Thag-a.270)

• -rasa essence of lac, used for dyeing;…

…envy AN.iv.285; Snp.811, Snp.862, Snp.954 (vīta-macchara, adj.).

Vedic matsara & matsarin enjoyable; later period also “envious,” cp….

…sweet (i.e. honey-) juice, sweet liquor Dhp-a.ii.50; Pv-a.119.

• -ssara sweet-sounding Vv-a.57; Pv-a.151; Mhvs.5, Mhvs.32.

fr. madhu

…lakes of the Himavant (see sara), enumerated e.g. at Vism.416.

• -sāra (of) great sap, i.e. great wealth…

…pītibhakkha, of the Ābhassaras), DN.i.34 (attā dibbo rūpī m. sabbanga-paccangī etc.), DN.i.77 (id.), DN.i.186 (id.); Vin.ii.185…

…pītibhakkha, of the Ābhassaras), DN.i.34 (attā dibbo rūpī m. sabbanga-paccangī etc.), DN.i.77 (id.), DN.i.186 (id.); Vin.ii.185…

precious stone, cat’s eye; also called kabara-maṇi (e.g. Vv-a.304). It occurs in stereotyped enumⁿ of gems at Vin.ii.238 (where it is said to be found in the Ocean) = Mil.267; and at Mi …

kind of couch (mañca) or longchair; enumerated under the 4 kinds of mañcā at Vin.iv.40-See also Vin.ii.149; Vin.iv.357 (where explained as: mañcapāde vijjhitvā tattha aṭṭaniyo pavesetvā kato: made by …

bolster Ja.iv.87; Ja.vi.185.

connected with masāraka

couch, bed Vin.iv.39, Vin.iv.40 (where 4 kinds are mentioned which also apply to the defⁿ of pīṭha, viz. masāraka bundikābaddha, kuḷīra-pādaka, āhacca-pādaka; same def< …

casket; used for keeping important documents in Ja.ii.36 (suvaṇṇapaṭṭaṃ mañjūsāya nikkhipāpesi); Ja.iv.335 (suvaṇṇapaṭṭaṃ sāra-mañjūsāyaṃ ṭhapetvā kālam akāsi).

cp. Epic Sk. mañjūṣā

…& sarabha (red deer) see under eṇi & sarabha
■ Snp.39, Snp.72; Ja.i.154; Ja.iii.270 (called…

…of a heavenly maiden or Apsaras Vv.60#14 (explained at Vv-a.280 as “ratta-mālādīhi missita-kesavaṭṭī”). The m. missa-kesa…

…loose, drop, give Ja.iv.272 (saraṃ an arrow); Vism.313 (dhenu vacchakassa khīra-dhāraṃ m.); Mhvs.25, Mhvs.63 (phalakaṃ). 3. to let out of…

1. (lit.) root AN.ii.200; MN.i.233; Dhp-a.i.270; Dhp-a.iv.200 (opp. patti); Vism.270 (rukkha˚; = rukkha-samīpaṃ); Pv.ii.9#6 (sa˚ with the root); Pv-a.43 (rukkhassa mūle at the foot of).
2. foot …

1. a pit DN.i.234; Thag.869; Ja.iv.268 (˚āvāṭa Pv-a.225).
2. a name for Niraya, i.e. purgatory; a place of torment for the deceased (see niraya & cp. list of narakas at Divy.67) S …

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

…& kāma (cp. kāmānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yad idaṃ nekkhammaṃ Iti.61, cp. Vin.i.104; AN.iii.245; also MN.i.115). The use of the similar term…

the circumference of a wheel, circumference, rim, edge (cp. nema AN.i.112; Vv.64#5; Mil.238, Mil.285; Vism.198 (fig. jarāmaraṇa˚ the rim of old age & death, which belongs to the wheel of Saṃsāra of th …

Netta¹

a guide Ja.iii.111; Ne.130.

Sk. netra, fr. neti

Netta²

neuter guidance, anything that guides, a conductor, fig. the eye. SN.i.26 (sārathī nettāni gahetvā = the reins); …

only in phrase netthāraṃ vattati to behave in such a way as to get rid of blame or fault Vin.ii.5; Vin.iii.183; MN.i.442
■ Bdhgh on Vin.ii.5 (p. 309) explains: nittharantānaṃ etan ti netthāraṃ yen …

…(anattamanavācam a˚ not utter a word of discontent); Ja.iii.127 Ja.v.416 (madhurassaraṃ); Pp.33; Mil.259 (garahaṃ) Dāvs i.28…

…Iti.72 (+ kammarāma, bhassarata);

• -ārāmatā fondness of sleep laziness, sluggishness AN.iii.116, AN.iii.293 sq.,…

…where Kp-a.58 reads sarada-samaya); Pv-a.174 (-kāla summer). fig Ja.iv.285; Ja.v.404; Dāvs ii.60.

Sk. nidāgha, fr. nidahati, ni +…

…Mhvs.14, Mhvs.10 (dhanu-saraṃ). 3. to eliminate, get rid of, give up Pv.ii.6#15 (dehaṃ to get rid of the body) Dhs-a.344…

…makkho).

nis + makkha, cp. Sk. nirmatsara

…creation, work; issara-n-hetu caused by God MN.ii.122; AN.i.173; Vb.367. N- ratī devā a class of devas, e.g. at DN.i.218; Iti.94;…

adjective sounding (loud), resonant (of a beautiful voice) DN.ii.211 (cp. aṭṭhanga brahmassara & bindu).

fr. ninnāda

…tasmā sattā lokamhā nissaranti)
pp nissaṭa, grd nissaraṇīya (q.v.); cp. also…

…sq.; Mil.401.

Sk. niḥsaraṇa, to nis + sarati, cp. BSk. nissaraṇa nissaraṇa giving up (?) Avs.ii.193

…(the five n-dhātuyo), DN.iii.247, DN.iii.275.

grd. of nissarati, with relation to nissaraṇa

…nissita; Pts.ii.10 sq.; Mil.95, Mil.225 (bhava˚). See also nissaraṇa. Cp. abhi˚.

pp. of nis + sarati, sṛ.

adjective sapless, worthless, unsubstantial Ja.i.393; Sdhp.51, Sdhp.608, Sdhp.612.

nis + sāra

adjective without diffidence, not diffident, confident Ja.i.274 (+ nibbhaya).

Sk. niḥ + śārada + ya

going or driving out, expulsion Mil.344 (osāraṇa-n- paṭisāraṇa), Mil.357.

fr. nissarati

…Ja.i.221 (padumasaraṃ); Pv-a.24 (bāhā), Pv-a.134 (taṃ = with him). 2. by means of, through, by one’s support, by way of…

adjective noun full of sap, excellent, strong (of a tree) Vv.63#1 (= niratisaya sārassa nisiṭṭhasārassa rukkhassa Vv-a.261).

ni + sāra

…pubbe-nivāsaṃ anussarati “to remember one’s former abode or place of existence (in a former life),” characterising the faculty of…

adjective leading out (of saṃsāra), leading to salvation, salutary, sanctifying, saving profitable DN.i.235, DN.i.237; SN.i.220; SN.v.82, SN.v.166, SN.v.255, SN.v.379 sq. Ja.i.48 (a˚), Ja.i.106; Dhs.2 …

to go out, get out (esp. of saṃsāra); SN.v.6 (niyyanti dhīrā lokamhā); Snp-a.212 aor. niyyāsi DN.i.49, DN.i.108; Ja.i.263; Snp.417; 3rd pl. niyyiṃsu AN.v.195; fut. niyyassati …

…of red flowers (= Sk. nāgakesara, mesua ferrea Lin.): see cpds ˚rukkha, ˚puppha, ˚latā.

• -āpalokita “elephant-look” (turning the…

1. (rare in the old texts) a flood of water Vv-a.48 (udak’ ogha); usually as mahogha a great flood Dhp.47; Vism.512; Vv-a.110; Dhp-a.ii.274 = Thag-a.175.
2. (always in sg.) th …

…See also osāraka.

fr. osarati, osarana & osaṭa

…MN.ii.122
pp osaṭa. See also avasarati.

o + sṛ.

…diṭṭhiyo ti attho Snp-a.434).

fr. avasarati

to put forth, bring to an end, settle, put down, fix, decide SN.i.81 (fut. osāpayissāmi; vv.ll. oyayiss˚ and obhāyiss˚ Ud.66 (T. otarissāmi? vv.ll. obhāyiss˚, otāy˚ & osāy˚ C. paṭipajjissāmi karissāmi …

shelter, outhouse Ja.iii.446. See also osaraka.

fr. osarati

1. restoration, rehabilitation reinstatement (of a bhikkhu after exclusion from the Sangha) Vin.i.322; Mil.344.
2. procession (?) (perhaps reading should be ussāraṇā) Dhp-a.ii.1 (T. oss˚).

fr. osāreti 3

1. (with variant reading osāpeti, reading osāreti is uncertain) to stow away, deposit, put in, put away (see also opeti) Ja.vi.52, Ja.vi.67 (pattaṃ thavikāya o.).
2. to bring out, e …

Otiṇṇa

1. (med.) gone down, descended Pv-a.104 (uddho-galaṃ na otiṇṇaṃ not gone down further than the throat).
2. (pass.) beset by (cp. avatāra 2), affected with, a victim of, approached by MN.i.460 …

adjective shining, very bright, resplendent SN.i.145; SN.v.92, SN.v.283; AN.i.10, AN.i.254, AN.i.257 sq., AN.iii.16; Snp.48 (= parisuddha pariyodāta Cnd.402); Ja.v.202 Ja.v.170; Vv.17#1 (rucira +); P …

see paṭisarati.

…(˚vasavattin, of the 10 issaras); SN.i.26 (˚gāthā a stanza each), SN.i.146 (˚brahma an independent Brahma); AN.ii.41 (˚sacca); AN.v.29 (id.)…

…(cp. Sk. p.-vyūha-samādhi a kind of concentration & see Ja translation ii.275).

• -sara a lotus pond Ja.i.221 Ja.v.337;…

to flow forth or out, to ooze, trickle, drip SN.i.150; Snp.p.125 (pubbañ ca lohitañ ca. p.); Ja.vi.328; Pv.i.6#7 (gabbho pagghari = vissandi Pv-a.34); Pv.ii.9#11 (= vissandati Pv-a.119); Pv.ii.9#26 …

…on the 5 qualities tadanga-pahāna, vikkhambhana˚, samuccheda˚, paṭippassaddhi˚ nissaraṇa˚ Dhs-a.351 Snp-a.8

fr. pa +…

…Vv-a.12 (˚pabhassara), Vv-a.109 (˚bhaddatā)
■ instr. pakatiyā by nature, ordinarily, as usual Pts.ii.208; Vv-a.78;…

bordering, trimming Ja.vi.223 (of a carriage).

cp. Sk. prakṣara & prakhara “ein Panzer für Pferde” BR.

…Pp.66; Snp-a.453 (˚issara); Pv-a.12 (˚nipacca), Pv-a.15 (˚duggandha), Pv-a.46
■ At the end of a cpd. (-˚) “at the outmost, at…

sprinkled all round Ja.vi.51, Ja.vi.481 (candana sāra˚).

pp. of paripphoseti

…Ja.vi.199 (read parissaraṃ).

pari + smr, but according to Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. pari here fr. Prk. paḍi = Sk. prati, thus for…

surrounding people, group collection, company, assembly, association, multitude Var. typical sets of assemblies are found in the Canon viz, eight assemblies (khattiya˚, brāhmaṇa˚, gahapati˚ samaṇa˚, …

…safeguard, safety DN.i.9 (sara from an arrow, i.e. a shield); DN.iii.189; Ja.vi.455; Pv-a.284; Sdhp.396.

• -kitikā a protecting arrangement…

…pavatteti & pavattar; saraṃ p. to make a sound Ja.i.405; adhippāyaṃ speak out, propound, discuss Pv-a.131. 3. to change, exchange…

1. surrounding, suite, retinue, followers, entourage, pomp Ja.i.151; Ja.iv.38; Ja.vi.75; Pv-a.21, Pv-a.30 (˚cāga-cetana, read pariccāga-cetana?); usually as adj.-˚ surrounded by, in company of …

…(udaka˚), Ja.i.223 (sara˚), Ja.ii.200 (angana˚); Pv.ii.13#12; Dhp-a.iii.172 (parisa˚). 2. limit, boundary, restriction, limitation…

…(like a serpent), nissaraṇatthā (on account of salvation) and bhaṇḍâgārika˚ (of a treasurer) apariyatti-kara bringing no…

stretching, spreading, being stretched out Pv-a.219 (piṭṭhi˚). See also pasāraṇa.

fr. pa + sṛ.

Pasata¹

adjective spotted, only in cpd. -miga spotted antelope Ja.v.418 (variant reading pasada˚) The more freq. P. form is pasada˚; e.g. SN.ii.279 (gloss pasata˚); Ja.v.24, Ja.v.416; …

stretching out DN-a.i.196 (opp. sammiñjana); Dhp-a.i.298 (hattha˚).

fr. pa + sṛ; cp. pasaraṇa

1. to cause to move forwards, to let or make go, to give up Ja.vi.58 (pasāraya, imper.)-Pass. pasāriyati Vism.318; Pv-a.240 (are turned out of doors).
2. to stretch out, hold out or forth, usually …

…Pv-a.38 (id.), Pv-a.50 (saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca), Pv-a.223 (id.), Pv-a.76 (ceṭiyaṃ), Pv-a.78 (upāsakabhāve), Pv-a.131, Pv-a.132…

adjective

1. (adj.) happening, going on, procedure, resulting Thig.220 (assu ca pavattaṃ taken by Mrs. Rh. D. as “tears shed”); Thag-a.179; Pv-a.35, Pv-a.83 (gāthāyo), Pv-a.120, esp. with ref. to …

…in foll. compounds: anissaraṇa˚ DN.i.245; SN.ii.194; SN.iv.332; anoma˚ Snp.343; appa˚ SN.i.198; Ja.ii.166 Ja.iii.223, Ja.iii.263;…

to depart, escape from, to be freed from Ne.113 (= niyyāti vimuccati C.).

paṭi + nissarati

…behind Snp.8 sq. (opp. atisarati; aor. paccasāri explained by ohiyyi Snp-a.21).

paṭi + sṛ.

Paṭisarati²

to think back…

…In meaning “restoration” the derivation is prob. fr paṭi + sṛ; to move (Sk. saraṇa and not saraṇa protection). Cp….

see *vi*˚.

paṭi + smṛ.

of protection, expiation, atonement Mil.344 (in law); applied.

fr. paṭi + sāreti

adj. nt. only as t.t. in combination with kamma (official act, chapter), i.e. a formal proceeding by which a bhikkhu expiates an offence which he has committed against someone, reco …

…paṭi + sṛ; cp. paṭisāraniya & paṭisaraṇa Note

…affectionate, kind, loving amiable, agreeable DN.i.4 (cp. DN-a.i.75); DN-a.ii.20 (˚ssara) AN.ii.209; Pp.57; Ja.iv.470.

fr. pema as grd….

accessory wood, wood surrounding the pith of a tree, always with ref. to trees (freq. in similes), in sequence; mūla sāra, pheggu, taca, papaṭikā etc. It is represented as next to the pith, but infe …

(-˚) adjective having worthless wood, weak, inferior MN.i.488 (apagata˚, where ˚ka belongs to the whole cpd.); Ja.iii.318 (a˚ + sāramaya).

fr. pheggu

small stick skewer Vin.ii.116, cp. Bdhgh on p. 317: “daṇḍakathina-ppamāṇena kaṭasārakassa pariyante paṭisaṃharitvā duguṇa-karaṇa.” See also Vin Texts iii.94.

etym.? Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. s …

father’s sister, aunt; decl. similarly to pitā & mātā Dhp-a.i.37 acc. sg. pitucchasaṃ [Sk. *svasaṃ instead of *svasāraṃ] Ja.iv.184.

• -dhītā aunt’s daughter, i.e. (girl) cousin Dhp-a.i.85
• *\ …

man (as representative of the male sex, contrasted to itthi woman, e.g. at AN.iii.209; AN.iv.197; Ja.i.90; Ja.v.72; Pv-a.51). Definitions of the C. are “puriso nāma manussa-puriso …

at Ja.vi.39 read phussa˚; (q.v.).

Pāli (Pāḷi)

feminine

1. a line, row Dāvs iii.61; Dāvs iv.3; Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ ākāra˚), Vism.251 (danta˚); Snp-a.87.
2. a line, norm thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli Canon …

1. to make fall, drop, throw off SN.i.197 (sakuṇo rajaṃ); Ja.i.93 (udakaṃ); Mil.305 (sāraṃ).
2. to bring to fall Ja.v.198; Mil.187.
3. to kill, destroy, cut off (the head) Ja.i.393; Ja.iii.177; Pv-a. …

Pāli (Pāḷi)

feminine

1. a line, row Dāvs iii.61; Dāvs iv.3; Vism.242 (dvattiṃs’ ākāra˚), Vism.251 (danta˚); Snp-a.87.
2. a line, norm thus the canon of Buddhist writings; the text of the Pāli Canon …

…Pv-a.116, Pv-a.119.

• -ssara hand sound hand music, a cert. kind of musical instrument DN.i.6 DN.iii.183; DN-a.i.84 (cp. Dial DN-a.i.8),…

…on joy (Ep. of the Ābhassara Devas) DN.i.17; DN.iii.28, DN.iii.84, DN.iii.90; AN.v.60; Dhp.200; AN.i.110; Dhp-a.iii.258; Sdhp.255…

seat, chair, stool, bench.

4 kinds are given at Vin.iv.40 = Vin.iv.168, viz. masāraka bundikābaddha, kuḷirapādaka, āhaccapādaka (same categories as given under mañca)
■ Vin.i.47, Vin.i.180 Vin.ii …

…(ati-r-iva), Dhp.687 (sarada-r-iva), Dhp.1134 (haṃsa-r-iva) Vv.64#22 (Vajir’ āvudho-r-iva); Pv.ii.8#7 (puna-r-eva Pv.ii.11#6…

to shout, howl Ja.ii.407 (vv.ll. rayati, vasati; C. explains as “nadati”) = Ja.iv.346 (variant reading sarati).

ras

Ratana¹

neuter

1. (lit.) a gem, jewel Vv-a.321 (not = ratana², as Hardy in Index) Pv-a.53 (nānāvidhāni)
   ■ The 7 ratanas are enumerated under veḷuriya (Mil.267). They are …

…anupāyāsa etc.,“ and saraṇa of their positives. Here a meaning like “harmfulness” & “harmlessness” seems to be…

adjective empty, void, without reality Thag.41; Thag.2, Thag.394 (= tucchaka anto-sāra-rahita Thag-a.258) Pv.iii.6#5 (of a river = tuccha Pv-a.202); Pv-a.139 (= suñña, virahita). Usually in combi …

kind of deer Ja.vi.537 (˚sarabhā migā).

fr. rohita, perhaps directly fr. Vedic rohita ewe, lit. the red one

in ruppa-rūpakaṃ (nt.) Thig.394 is not clear. It refers to something which is not rūpa, yet pretends to be rūpa, i.e. a sham performance or show. Thus ruppa may correspond to *rūpya & with rūpaka …

1. colour, hue; colouring, dye Vin.ii.107 (anga˚ “rougeing” the body bhikkhū angarāgaṃ karonti); Thag-a.78; Snp-a.315 (nānāvidha˚).
2. (as t. t. in philosophy & ethics) excitement passion; seldom by …

adjective (-˚) characteristic of the king, king-; in cpds arājaka without a king Ja.vi.39 (raṭṭhe); sarājaka including the king Tikp.26; f. sarājikā Vin.i.209 (parisā) Also …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

Rājā (Rājan)

king, a ruling potentate. The defⁿ at Vin.iii.222 is “yo koci rajjaṃ kāreti.” The fanciful etym. at DN.iii.93 Vism.419 is “dhammena pare rañjetī ti rājā” i.e. he gladdens othe …

form, figure, appearance, principle of form, etc.

1. Definitions. According to P. expositors rūpa takes its designation fr. ruppati, e.g. “ruppanato rūpaṃ” Vism.588; “ruppan’ a …

…id. Vism.234.

cp. Sk. salila, to sarati¹

to recollect, call to mind SN.iv.196; Vin.ii.183.

saṃ + anussarati

of a goad or spur Thig.210. See samosarati.

doubling up, bending back (orig. stretching!) Vism.500 (opp. pasāraṇa). See also sammiñjana.

fr. samiñjati

bending DN-a.i.196 (opp. pasāraṇa); Vb-a.358.

fr. sammiñjati

Sammiñjati & ˚eti

to bend back, to double up (opp pasārati or sampasāreti) Vin.i.5; MN.i.57, MN.i.168; DN.i.70; Ja.i.321; Vism.365 (variant reading samiñjeti); DN-a.i.196
pp *[sammiñjita](/define/ …

Sammiñjati & ˚eti

to bend back, to double up (opp pasārati or sampasāreti) Vin.i.5; MN.i.57, MN.i.168; DN.i.70; Ja.i.321; Vism.365 (variant reading samiñjeti); DN-a.i.196
pp *[sammiñjita](/define/ …

confused MN.i.21; SN.iv.125; SN.v.331; one who has forgotten Vin.iv.4#2 (= na ssarati), Pv.iii.165#13; -ssati id. AN.i.280.

saṃ + muṭṭha

1. to flow down together Mil.349.

2. to come together, gather Ja.i.178 (see on this Kern,

   Toevoegselen

   ii.60).

saṃ + osarati

coming together, meeting, union, junction DN.i.237; DN.ii.61; SN.iii.156; SN.v.42 sq., SN.v.91; AN.iii.364; Mil.38.

saṃ + osaraṇa

cutting off, abolishing, giving up. MN.i.360 Kp-a.142; sammā s. Pts.i.101; ˚pahāna relinquishing by extirpation Vism.5 Snp-a.9 ˚maraṇa dying by extirpation (of saṁsāra) Vism.229; ˚visuddhi Pts.ii.3; …

…migā = rohitā sarabhamigā, C. ibid. 538) Sarabhamigajātaka the 483rd Jātaka Ja.i.193, Ja.i.406 (text sarabhanga); Ja.iv.263 sq.

*…

adverb eagerly, quickly Dāvs iv.22, Dāvs iv.34 sq., 43.

sa² + rabhasaṃ

lizard Vin.ii.110; AN.ii.73; Ja.ii.135, Ja.ii.147; Snp-a.439.

cp. Sk. saraṭa

…śarad (f.) traces of the cons. decl. only in acc. pl. sarado sataṃ “100 autumns” Ja.ii.16

adjective dusty Vin.i.48; AN.ii.54.

sa + rajo

vessel, a drinking vessel Ja.i.157, Ja.i.266; Ja.iv.384; DN-a.i.134, DN-a.i.136; Mhvs.32, Mhvs.32; Dhp-a.ii.85; Dhp-a.iii.7.

the tree Pinus longifolia Ja.v.420 (thus read with B instead of salaḷa).

?

adjective with its essential properties (see rasa) Mnd.43; sarasabhāva a method of exposition Dhs-a.71.

sa³ + rasa

large pond Vin.ii.201 = SN.ii.269; Ja.v.46.

Vedic sarasī

…sare Ja.vi.227
imper sara Thag.445; & sarāhi Mil.79; 3^rd sg. saratu Vin.i.273
ppr saraṃ Mhvs.3,…

adjective

1. having or making a sound, well-sounding Vin.i.182; AN.iii.375.
2. with a noise Mhvs.25, Mhvs.38.

sara⁵ + vant

the sun (lit. having rays) Mhvs.18, Mhvs.68.

fr. sa³ + raṃsi

…Snp.179; Dhp.188; asaraṇa, asaraṇībhūta without help and refuge Mil.148. See leṇa 2.

*…

something to be remembered AN.i.106.

grd. formation fr. saraṇa²

…set into motion Dhp.341 (= anusaṭa, payāta Dhp-a.iv.49).

pp. of sarati¹

Sarita²

remembered…

one who remembers DN.iii.268, DN.iii.286; AN.ii.35; SN.v.197, SN.v.225.

n. ag. fr. sarati²

river Dhs.1059; saritaṃ acc. Snp.3; gen. pl. Ja.ii.442; nom. pl. saritā Mil.125.

cp. Vedic sarit, fr. sarati¹

“lake-born,” a lotus Dāvs iii.13.

Sk. saroja, saras + ja

lotus Dāvs iii.83.

saras + ruha

adjective connected with lust, passionate DN.i.79; DN.ii.299; MN.i.59; Vism.410.

sa³ + rāga

adjective including the king Ja.i.126; fem
■ ikā Vin.ii.188; SN.i.162; Ja.ii.113, Ja.ii.114 (sarājika at Ja.iii.453); with the king’s participation Tikp.26 (sassāmika-sarājaka geha).

sa^{3</sup …}

denomination of a purgatory and its inhabitants SN.iv.309 sq. Various readings Parājita and Sarañjita.

causing somebody to remember Mil.79.

fr. sarāpeti Caus. of sarati²

cup, saucer AN.i.161; Ja.i.8; MN.iii.235 (for patta); Mil.282; DN-a.i.298; Pv-a.244, Pv-a.251.

Sk. śarāva

Err:509

…of the sound sarasara; chinnasassara giving out a broken or irregular sound of sarasara. MN.i.128 ‣See *> Journal of the Pali Text…

…DN-a.i.211
■ satokārin cultivator of sati Pts.i.175.

pp. of sarati, of smṛ; cp. BSk. smṛta Avs.i.228; Avs.ii.197

…Vism.63; Mil.266.

Vedic smṛti: see etym. under sarati²

…or the 7 great lakes: see sara³; ˚yojana 7 miles, cp. the 7 league-boots!). Extremely frequent in folklore and fairy…

Sārakkhati = saṃrakkhati

Thag.729.

impetuosity, rage Dāvs iv.34. This is the Sanskritic form for the usual P. sārambha.

saṃ + *rambha, fr. rabh, as in rabhasa (q.v.)

passion Ja.iv.22. Cp. sārāga.

saṃ + rāga

…ppr. saṃsaranto (& saṃsaraṃ); SN.iii.149; SN.iv.439; Iti.109; Pv-a.166; med. saṃsaramāna Vv.19#7; ger -saritvā SN.iii.212;…

1. moving about, running; -lohita blood in circulation (opp. sannicita˚;) Vism.261 Kp-a.62; Vb-a.245.
2. a movable curtain, a blind that can be drawn aside Vin.ii.153.

fr. saṃ + sṛ.

transmigrated DN.ii.90; AN.ii.1; Thig.496. a˚ MN.i.82.

pp. of saṃsarati

…the ocean of tr. Ja.iii.241.

fr. saṃsarati

…+ vacchara; cp. Vedic saṃvatsara

agitation, fear, anxiety; thrill, religious emotion (caused by contemplation of the miseries of this world) DN.iii.214; AN.i.43; AN.ii.33, AN.ii.114; SN.i.197; SN.iii.85; SN.v.130, SN.v.133; Iti.30; S …

…AN.v.92, AN.v.97 sq.; sara˚; memories & hopes MN.i.453; SN.iv.76 vyāpāda˚, vihiṃsa˚, malicious, cruel purposes, MN.ii.27 sq.;…

adjective doubtful; wicked Vin.ii.236 (cp. Vin. Texts iii.300); SN.i.49 = Dhp.312 (explained as “sankāhi saritabba, āsankāhi sarita ussankita, parisankita” Dhp-a.iii.485, thus taken as sankā + *sṛ …

mixed; impure SN.iii.71; AN.iv.246.

• -parikha having the trenches filled; said of one who is free of saṃsāra MN.i.139; AN.iii.84; Cnd.p.161.

pp. of sankirati

…and visaṭa. The Dhtm (789) gives a root saṭ; in meaning of “visaraṇa,” i.e. profusion, diffusion (cp. visaṭa)

to crush Ja.i.174. See also sarati³ & vi˚;
pp siṇṇa: see *vi*˚.

śṛ; Vedic śṛṇāti & śīryate

…Desiderative of sarati¹
■ Siṃsati “to neigh” at Ja.v.304 is to be read hiṃsati (for…

…remembered MN.i.520. -ssara melodious Vv.36#4; Snp-a.355. -ssavana good news Ja.i.61. -ssoṇi having beautiful hips Ja.iv.19; Ja.v.7,…

see sarati².

winnowing basket Ud.68; Ja.i.502; Ja.ii.428; Vism.109 (+ sarāva), Vism.123; Mil.282; Dhp-a.i.174 (kattara˚); Dhp-a.ii.131; Mhvs.30, Mhvs.9. --ka a toy basket, little sieve Dhs-a.321 (+ musala …

adjective autumnal, of the latest harvest, this year’s, fresh AN.iii.404 = DN.iii.354 (bījāni fresh seeds); AN.i.135, AN.i.181 (badara-paṇḍu) SN.iii.54; SN.v.380; Mil.255; Dhp.149 (but at this pass …

violent, angry AN.i.148, AN.i.282; SN.iv.125; MN.i.21; Vism.134 (opp. passaddha-kāya), Vism.282 (˚kāya); Vb-a.283 (id.).

= saṃraddha

adjective autumnal Vin.i.199; Vin.ii.41; Dhp.285 = Ja.i.183; Vv.64#17; Dhp-a.iii.428.

fr. sārada

timidity AN.iii.127, AN.iii.203; AN.iv.359, AN.iv.364; Mil.24, Mil.72, Mil.196 (parisa˚, cp Cnd.470); Ja.i.334; Ja.ii.66; nissārajja undaunted Ja.i.274.

abstr. fr. sārada = *sāradya

infatuation, feeling infatuated Dhs.389; Ja.v.446.

fr. sārajjati

to be pleased with, to be attached to AN.i.260; SN.ii.172; SN.iii.69 sq.; SN.iv.10 sq.

saṃ + raj, cp. BSk. sārajyati, Sk. saṃrajyate, cp. sārāga

infatuation, the state of being infatuated Dhs.389.

= sārajjanā

to be embarrassed, perplexed, ashamed SN.iii.92; AN.iv.359.

Denom. of sārajja

…messenger.

fr. sarati¹

Sāraka³

in the comp. kaṭa-sāraka a mat Ja.iv.248 (variant reading); Ja.iv.474;…

Sārakkhati = saṃrakkhati

Thag.729.

“standing under protection” (?), a category of married women Vin.iii.139 (cp MN.i.287).

fr. sa³ + rakkha

Sārambha¹

1. impetuosity, anger AN.i.100, AN.i.299; AN.ii.193; MN.i.16; Dhp.133; Ja.iv.26; Mil.289 (sasaṃrambha).
2. quarrel Snp.483; Ja.ii.223; Ja.v.141.
3. pride Thag.759; Vv-a.139.

• • …

adjective impetuous Ja.iii.259.

fr. sārambha

dog (lit. “son of Saramā”) Mhbv.111.

Vedic sārameya

going Dhs-a.133.

fr. sarati¹

water bird, Ardea sibirica Vv-a.57, Vv-a.163; at both pass. = koñca.

cp. Epic Sk. sārasa

charioteer, coachman DN.ii.178, DN.ii.254; SN.i.33; SN.v.6; AN.ii.112; AN.iv.190 sq.; Snp.83; Ja.i.59, Ja.i.180; Pv.iv.3#3. assadammasārathi a coachman by whom horses are driven, a trainer of horses M …

impassioned, enamoured, passionately devoted Vin.iii.118; MN.ii.160 MN.ii.223; SN.i.74, SN.i.77; Dhp.345; Ja.i.288; Ja.ii.140; Mhvs.10, Mhvs.34 (˚mānaso). asāratta unattached Snp.704.

= saṃratta, p …

adjective valuable, having kernel or pith (said of grain or trees) AN.iv.170 (synom. daḷha, opp palāpa); SN.v.163; MN.i.111 = MN.i.233.

fr. sāra

reminding, remonstrating with Vin.v.158, Vin.v.164.

fr. sāreti²

is Caus. of sarati¹ as well as sarati². Cp. vīti˚.

affection, infatuation Vin.ii.258; MN.i.17, MN.i.498; AN.i.264; SN.iii.69 sq., SN.iii.93; Dhs.1059, Dhs.1230; cp. saṃrāga
■ Neg. a˚; Dhs.32, Dhs.312, Dhs.315.

= saṃrāga, fr. saṃ + raj

adjective attached to MN.i.239 (sukha-˚); sukha-sārāgita ibid. impassioned.

fr. last

…75) fr. saraṇa (i.e. saraṇa¹ or sarana²?) with double vṛddhi. Kern (

Toevoegselen

ii.74)…

adjective trespassing Vin.i.55.

sa + atisāra

…Av. hidaiti
■ The Dhtp (50 gives the 3 meanings of “visaraṇa-gaty-avasādanesu”.

…Dhp-a.i.357.

• -ssara having a voice like a lion Ja.v.284, Ja.v.296 etc. (said of a prince).
• -hanu having a jaw…

…installed, e.g. Bv.ii.190: saraṇâgamane kañci nivesesi Tathāgato kañci pañcasu sīlesu sīle dasavidhe paraṃ. From Pv.iv.1#76 sq. (as…

(& taco nt.)

1. bark. MN.i.198, MN.i.434, MN.i.488; AN.v.5
2. skin, hide (similar to camma, denoting the thick outer skin, as contrasted with chavi, thin skin, see chavi & cp. Ja.i …

…Vism.351 (bahu-peyyāla˚) avimutta-tanti-magga DN-a.i.2; MN-a.i.2.

• -ssara string music Vin.i.182; Ja.iii.178.

Vedic tantrī, see…

shuttle Snp.215, Snp.464, Snp.497; Dhp-a.i.424; Dhp-a.iii.172. Cp. Morris, J.P.T.S. 1886, 160.

Vedic tasara, cp. tanta, etc.

…sandhāvanti saṃsaranti Iti.8, & t- saṃyojanānaṃ sattānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ SN.ii.178 = SN.iii.149; Pv-a.166;…

…threefold formula (of the saraṇa-gata) Vin.i.18;

• -vijja (adj. possessed of the 3 fold knowledge (i.e. either the higher…

1. a pillar, a post Vin.i.276; DN.i.50 (majjhimaṃ ˚ṃ nissāya), DN.ii.85 (id.); Snp.214; Vv.78#2 (veḷuriya˚, of the pillars of a Vimāna); Pv.iii.3#1 (id.); Dhp-a.iv.203; Vv-a.188 (+ tulā-gopānasī); …

(thāli˚ in compounds) an earthen pot, kettle, large dish; in -dhovana washing of the dish AN.i.161 (+ sarāva-dhovana); -pāka an offering of barley or rice co …

adjective

1. sharp, keen, eager: tibbagārava very devout AN.ii.21; Ne.112 (cp tīvraprasāda Avs.i.130); t- cchanda DN.iii.252, DN.iii.283.
2. dense, thick; confused, dark, dim: t- rāga Dhp.349 (= ba …

…with leṇa & saraṇa; (see [dīpa & abhaya;](/define/dīpa & abhaya;)), in var. contexts, esp. with ref to Nibbāna (see Cnd….

water Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.213; DN.ii.15 (˚assa dhārā gushes or showers of w.); Dhp.80 Dhp.145; Ja.i.212; Pv.i.5#7; Pp.31, Pp.32; Mil.318; Vv-a.20 (udake temanaṃ aggimhe tāpanaṃ); Dhp-a.i.289; Dhp-a. …

…at Snp-a.86 for uddha˚ -sara(ṃ) (adv.) with raised or lofty voice, lit. “sounding high” Snp.901, see Mnd.315. -sota…

…at Snp-a.86 for uddha˚ -sara(ṃ) (adv.) with raised or lofty voice, lit. “sounding high” Snp.901, see Mnd.315. -sota…

to put down, supply, furnish, put on; give, cause, make Vin.iv.149; DN.ii.135 (vippaṭisāraṃ); AN.i.203 (dukkhaṃ); Mil.109, Mil.139, Mil.164, Mil.286 Mil.383. grd. pass. -dahātabba to be given or ca …

…ṭhānaṃ); Pv.iv.3#52 (saraṇaṃ buddhaṃ dhammaṃ); Ne.66.
fut upessaṃ Snp.29; 2^nd sg. upehisi Dhp.238, Dhp.348
ger…

…run away Ja.i.434 (imper. ussaratha); Ja.v.437
pp ussaṭa (q.v.)
caus ussāreti (q.v.).

ud +…

run away MN.ii.65.

pp. of ud + sarati of sṛ; cp. saṭa for *sūta

…tumult, uproar, confusion AN.iii.91, AN.iii.92 (variant reading ussāraṇa) = Pp.66 (= hatthiassarathâdīnaṃ c’eva balakāyassa ca…

procession, going or running about, tumult Dhp-a.ii.7 (so read for ossāraṇā). Cp. ussādana.

fr. ussāreti

…Ja.ii.290.

Caus. of ussarati

Ussāreti²

to cause to raise aloft (of a flag), to lift Ja.v.319 (= ussāpeti)
pp…

…in comb^n. with sarabū & mūsikā at Vin.ii.110 = AN.ii.73 = Ja.ii.147 (= makkaṭaka C).

Sk. ūrṇa & ūrṇā; Lat. lāna wool;…

…ε ̓́τος year, Sk. vatsara id., Lat vetus old, vitulus calf; Goth. wiprus a year old lamb = Ohg. widar = E wether

Vaccha²

a…

year Sdhp.239. See the usual saṃvacchara.

cp. Class. Sk. vatsara

…of sound (sara) DN.ii.20 (˚ssara); SN.i.180 SN.i.190; Snp.350, Snp.668; Vv.5#3, Vv.36#1, Vv.36#4 (˚rūpa), Vv.50#18 (girā) Vv.63#6, Vv.64#10…

to go, proceed, get to (acc.), lit. to turn to (cp. vṛj, vṛṇakti, pp. vṛkta, which latter coincides with vṛtta of vṛt in P. vatta: see vatta¹ & cp. vajjeti to avoid, …

spring Ja.i.86; Ja.v.206; Kp-a.192 (bāla˚ = Citra); DN-a.i.132 (˚vana); Pv-a.135.

Vedic vasanta; Idg. *ṷēr, cp. Av. varehar spring, Gr. εἄρ, Lat. vēr, Oicel. vār spring, Lith. vasarā summer.

…(for vaṭṭeti?), in tasaraṃ v. Snp-a.265, Snp-a.266. 8. to take up Mhvs.26, Mhvs.10 (kuntaṃ)
pp…

…of its combination with sara to below 8!), Snp.686 (anoma˚); Vism.422 (evaṃ˚ = odato vā sāmo vā). Cp. -pokkharatā….

Vaṭṭa¹

adjective noun

1. round circular; (nt.) circle Pv-a.185 (āyata +); Kp-a.50 (˚nāli). See cpd. -aṅguli.
2. (fig.) “rolling on,” the “round” of existences, cycle of transmigrati …

…move or go on (in weaving; tasaraṃ v. to speed the shuttle) Snp-a.265, Snp-a.266. Should we read vaḍḍheti Cp. āvaṭṭeti
caus 2…

…apatikā tehi vidhavā sarantī ti [ti]vidha-verā ca vedhaverā); Ja.vi.508 (C. vidhav’ itthakā; variant reading vidhav-ittikāmā…

…SN.iv.157; AN.iii.158 (sara˚); Snp.1074; Mil.202, Mil.258, Mil.391; Pv-a.11, Pv-a.47 (vāta˚) Pv-a.62 (visa˚), Pv-a.67, Pv-a.284…

middle, centre Ja.iv.250; Ja.vi.485; Pp.16, Pp.17; Vism.182 (˚bhāga central part) Vv-a.241, Vv-a.277
■ loc. vemajjhe:

1. in the present, or central interval of saṃsāra Snp. …

(the Buddha’s or an Arahant’s) perfect selfconfidence (which is of 4 kinds), self-satisfaction, subject of confidence. The four are given in full at MN.i.71 sq. viz. highest knowledge, khīṇāsava stat …

precious stone, lapis lazuli; cp. the same word “beryl” (with metathesis r → l; not fr. the Sk. form), which the Greeks brought to Europe from India
■ DN.i.76; Vin.ii.112; SN.i.64; AN.i.215; AN.iv …

…˚ssaṭṭha sent out, ˚ssara shouting out, ˚ssuta far-famed. 2. denoting disturbance separation, mixing up (opp. saṃ˚), as given with…

˚- gone away, disappeared, ceased; having lost or foregone (for-gone = vi-gata), deprived of, being without; often to be trsl^d simply as prep. “without. It nearly always occurs in compou …

…with the verbs anussarati (No. 6), pajānāti (7), abhijānāti…

adjective having intentions upon (-˚), designing AN.iii.136 (an-issara˚ intentioning unruliness).

fr. vikappa

release, deliverance, emancipation DN.i.174; DN.iii.288; SN.v.206 sq. (abhijānāti), SN.v.222 (ariya˚), SN.v.266, SN.v.356; AN.ii.247, AN.iii.165 (yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti), AN.iii.242, Snp.54, Snp.73, Snp …

is variant reading of bindu˚; (q.v.).

bad conscience, remorse, regret, repentance Vin.ii.250; DN.i.138; SN.iii.120, SN.iii.125; SN.iv.46; AN.iii.166, AN.iii.197, AN.iii.353; AN.iv.69; Ja.iv.12; Ja.v.88; Pp.62; Dhp-a.iv.42; Vv-a.116; Pv\ …

adjective remorseful, regretful, repentant SN.iii.125 SN.iv.133, SN.iv.320 sq., SN.iv.359 sq.; AN.iii.165 sq.; AN.iv.244, AN.iv.390; Ja.i.200; Mil.10, Mil.285; Tikp.321, Kp.346.

fr. vippaṭisāra; cp. …

…Pv-a.217, Pv-a.245 (vissaraṃ), Pv-a.279 (id.) Sdhp.179, Sdhp.188, Sdhp.291. 2. to rattle Ja.i.51
caus virāveti to sound Mhvs.21,…

multitude DN-a.i.40.

vi + sara

…distress Vin.iv.212, Vin.iv.229.

fr. vi + sarati, of svar

to forget Vin.i.207; Vin.iv.261; Mhvs.26, Mhvs.16
pp vissarita.

vi + sarati, of smṛ.

forgotten Pv-a.202.

opp. of vissarati

spreading, diffusion, scattering Dhs-a.118.

fr. vi + sṛ.

adjective self-possessed, confident; knowing how to conduct oneself, skilled, wise DN.i.175; DN.ii.86; SN.i.181; SN.iv.246; SN.v.261; AN.ii.8 (vyatta +); AN.iii.183, AN.iii.203, AN.iv.310, AN.iv.314 …

adjective spreading, extending, expanding Vin.iii.97 (vattu˚ T.; vatthu˚ MSS.).

vi + sāraka, of sṛ.

1. “rolling back,” with ref. to the development of the world (or the aeons kappa) used to denote a devolving cycle (“devolution”) whereas vaṭṭa alone or *[saṃvaṭṭa](/define/saṃvaṭ …

to turn down or away (perhaps in dogmatic sense to turn away from saṃsāra), to divert destroy: only in phrase vivaṭṭayi saṃyojanaṃ (in standard setting with acchecchi taṇhaṃ), where the usual vari …

…paṭippassaddhi˚, nissaraṇa˚; as threefold at Vism.140 viz. kāya˚, citta˚, vikkhambhana˚, i.e. physically mentally, ethically;…

1. (adj.) determined, of settled opinion, learned, accomplished; only in stock phrase sāvakā viyattā vinītā visāradā (which Rh. D trsl^s “true hearers, wise and well-trained, ready etc. …

adj. nt. belonging to reinstatement AN.i.99.

fr. v(i) + osāraṇā

…a helpless life); Pv-a.12 (saraagga-vāsaṃ v. live a life of concord); Snp-a.59 (lokantarika˚). Cp. pari˚, saṃ˚. 2. home, house,…

day (opp. night), a day Dāvs i.55; Dāvs v.66.

cp. Vedic vāsara matutinal, vasaḥ early

…the 4 quarters of the sky), sarajā arajā, sītā uṇhā, parittā adhimattā, kāḷā verambha˚, pakkha˚, supaṇṇa˚, tālavanta˚,…

Vīta¹

adjective deprived of, free from, (being) without. In meaning and use cp. vigata˚. Very frequent as first part of a cpd., as e.g. the foll.:

• -accika without a flame, i.e. glo …

Vīti˚

is the contracted prepositional combination vi + ati, representing an emphatic ati, e.g. in the foll.:

• -(k)kama 1 going beyond, transgression, sin Vin.iii.112; Vin.iv. …

…e.g. kāmānaṃ etaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yad idaṃ nekkhammaṃ “there is an escape from the lusts, viz. lustlessness”; or: “this is the…

1. name of certain non-human beings, as spirits, ogres, dryads, ghosts spooks. Their usual epithet and category of being is amanussa, i.e. not a human being (but not a sublime g …

…yat, cp. Epic Sk….

…Vism.588 (as yāthāvasarasa), Vism.639 (id.)
■ abl. yathāvato (also found as…

…a rule (adj.)] sattā Ābhassarasaṃvaṭṭanikā honti; explained by half allegorical, half popular etym. at DN-a.i.110 as follows: “ye upari…

lit. “yoking, or being yoked,” i.e. connection bond, means; fig. application, endeavour, device

1. yoke, yoking (rare?) Ja.vi.206 (meant here the yoke of the churning-sticks; cp. Ja.vi.209).
2. conn …

1. the yoke of a plough (usually) or a carriage Dhp-a.i.24 (yugaṃ gīvaṃ bādhati presses on the neck); Pv-a.127 (ratha˚); Sdhp.468 (of a carriage) Also at Snp.834 in phrase dhonena yugaṃ samāgamā w …

…aviparīta-v.).

• -sarasa logical and with its essential (sa + rasa) properties Vism.588, Vism.639.

see…

…khanti Pts.i.106 jātissara Ja.i.167; cutûpapāta MN.i.22, MN.i.183, MN.i.347; MN.ii.38 etc.; ceto-pariya DN.iii.100, & ˚pariyāya SN.v.160…

…to the object (ā ti anussaraṇ’ atthe nipāto Pv-a.165), or the aim of the action expressed in the verb

1. As prep. c. abl only in Ja…

adjective noun shining, brilliant, radiant, Name of a class of gods in the Brahma heavens “the radiant gods”, usually referred to as the representatives of supreme love (pīti & mettā) thus at DN.i.17; …

rinsing, washing with water, used

1. for the mouth DN.i.12 (= udakena mukhasiddhi-karaṇa DN-a.i.98).
2. after evacuation Ja.iii.486.

• -kumbhī water-pitcher used for rinsing …

coming, coming back, return SN.iii.53; Ja.ii.172. Usually opp. to gati going away. Used in special sense of rebirth and re-death in the course of saṃsāra Thus in āgati gati cuti upa …

adjective noun returning, one who returns, esp. one who returns to another form of life in saṃsāra (cp. āgati), one who is liable to rebirth AN.i.63; AN.ii.159; Iti.95. See *[anāgāmin](/define/anāgāmi …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

Ājāniya (ājānīya)

adjective noun of good race or breed; almost exclusively used to denote a thoroughbred horse (cp. assājāniya under assa³).

1. ājāniya (the more common & younger Pāli f …

praise i.e. that which is commendable, profit, merit, advantage good result, blessing in or from (c. loc.). There are five ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīla-sampadāya or blessings which accrue to the virtuous …

1. attempt, effort, inception of energy (cp. Dhs trsl. 15 & K. S. p. 318 giving Commentary defined as kicca, karaṇīya, attha, i.e. 1. undertaking duty, 2. object. SN.i.76 (mah˚); SN.v.66, SN.v.104 …

? time, period (orig. affected, tinted with), only in cpd. vassāratta the rainy season, lent Ja.iv.444; Dāvs ii.74.

Sk. cp. ārakta, pp. of ā + raj

…ii.237.

=…

…at DN-a.i.124 as “samosaraṇa”) DN.iii.241, DN.iii.279 (vimutti˚); SN.ii.41, SN.ii.269; SN.iv.217 SN.v.119 sq., SN.v.318. sq.; AN.iii.141…

…Pv.ii.12#4 (nānā-saragaṇ˚ ˚yutta Pv-a.157). 2. seized, conquered, in dur˚; hard to conquer, invincible Ja.vi.271 (=…

…have power, perf. īśe = Goth. aih; cp. Sk. īśvara = P. issara, & BSk. īśa, e.g. Jtm.31#81

adjective saline SN.iv.315; AN.iv.237; Dhs-a.243
■ nt. ˚ṃ a spot with saline soil Pv-a.139 (gloss for ujjhangala).

Sk. ūṣara, fr. ūṣa

(ṭṭhāna) neuter

I. Connotation

As one of the 4 iriyāpathā (behaviours)

1. contrasted (a) as standing position with sitting or reclining (b) as rest with motion.
2. by itself without parti …