…Ja.vi.569; Kp.vii.8
■ vārita, -yuta, -dhuta, -phuṭa (Jain practice) DN.i.57; MN.i.377.

Vedic vāri, cp. Av. vār rain, vairi-sea;…

Abhaya ¹

A monk whose verse concerning the bewildering effects of beautiful sights is in the Theragāthā. Thag.98

Abhaya²Abhayarājakumāra

The son of King Bimbisāra and of Padum …

A banyan tree in Uruvelā, on the banks of the Nerañjara, near the Bodhi tree. A week after the Enlightenment the Buddha went there and spent a week cross-legged at the foot of the tree. There he met …

AjitamāṇavaAjita

One of the disciples of Bāvarī who visited the Buddha at the request of their teacher.

He was the first to question the Buddha, and the questions asked by him form the Ajitamāṇavapu …

AjātasattuVedehiputta

Son of Bimbisāra, King of Māgadha, and therefore half-brother to Abhayarājakumāra. He murdered his father to gain the throne, and conspired with Devadatta to kill the Buddha, b …

A class of devas, living in the highest of the five Suddhāvasā (Pure Abodes). DN.iii.237

In the Mahāpadāna Sutta DN.ii.52f. the Buddha mentions that he visited their abode and conversed with beings …

AmbāṭakavanaAmbālavana

A grove at Macchikāsaṇḍa, belonging to Cittagahapati. It became the residence of large numbers of monks, and discussions often took place there between Cittagahapati and the re …

A banker (seṭṭhi) of Sāvatthī who became famous because of his unparalleled generosity to the Buddha. His first meeting with the Buddha was during the first year after the Enlightenment, in Rājagaha …

The Bodhisatta, born as a brahmin teacher. In the Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.iv.136–138 we are told that among Araka’s pupils those who followed his teachings were born in the Brahma-world, while the others …

One of the three daughters of Māra, the others being Taṇhā and Ragā. Seeing their father disconsolate after his repeated attempts to foil Gotama’s quest for Enlightenment, they offered to tempt the Bu …

A headman (gāmani). He came to the Buddha in the Pārileyyaka Mango Grove in Nāḷandā and asked him various questions, recorded in the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.iv.312ff. One of these related to the custo …

Asita¹KaṇhāsiriKāladevala

An ascetic who possessed various psychic powers. Once, while in Tāvatiṃsā heaven, he saw the whole city decked with splendour and the gods engaged in great rejoic …

The followers of Assaji and Punabbasu. They lived in Kīṭāgiri, between Sāvatthī and Ālavi, and were guilty of various evil practices. They used to grow flowers, make wreaths and garlands, and send the …

The country of Assaka is one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv.260 It does not, however; occur in the list of twelve countries given in …

One of the four great monarchies in the time of the Buddha, the other three being Māgadha, Kosala and Vaṃsa (or Vatsa). Avanti is also mentioned among the sixteen Great Nations. AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN. …

AḷakaMūḷaka

A country on the banks of the Godhāvarī River. It was at a spot between the territories of the Aḷaka and the Assaka kings that Bāvarī lived. Snp.977 To the north of Alaka was Patiṭṭhāna. …

Aṭṭhaka¹

A celebrated sage, composer and reciter of sacred runes, mentioned together with nine others (Vāmaka, Vāmadeva, Vessāmitta, Yamataggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha and Bhagu), V …

BeluvaBeluvagāmaVeluvaVeluvagāma

A village near Vesāli, where the Buddha spent his last vassa.

It was at this time that the Buddha, in answer to a question by Ānanda, said that he had kept nothing b …

One of the sixteen disciples of Bāvarī, who, at his request, visited the Buddha. Snp.1008

He questioned the Buddha as to how a man could get over attachment and cross the flood. By grasping after not …

BhoganagaraBhogaBhogagāmanagara

A village in the Vajji country, where the Buddha stayed on his last journey, in the Ānanda cetiya, and where he preached a sermon on the four “Great References”. DN.ii …

A brahmin foremost in Mithilā in his knowledge of the Vedas.

On hearing of the Buddha at the age of one hundred and twenty, he sent his pupil Uttara to discover if the Buddha had on his body the mark …

A brahmin ascetic who went from Sāvatthī to Dakkhiṇāpatha and lived on the banks of the Godhāvarī in a hermitage which lay half in the territory of Assaka and half in that of Alaka.

He received the r …

The Wheel Treasure that is one of the seven treasures of a Wheel Turning Monarch (cakkavatti). The Cakkaratana is the Cakkavatti’s chief symbol of office; on its appearance before him, he sprinkles …

A nun, well known for her quarrelsome propensities. She was a friend of Thullanandā, during whose absence the other nuns once expelled Caṇḍakālī from their midst. This act was greatly resented by Thul …

King of Avanti in the time of the Buddha. His name was Pajjota, the sobriquet being added on account of his violent temper.

Once, when ill with jaundice, he asked Bimbisāra to lend him the services o …

A group of six monks, contemporary with the Buddha, frequently mentioned as being guilty of various Vinaya offences. Vin.i.84f. Vin.i.104 Vin.i.106 Vin.i.111 Vin.i.113 Vin.i.114 Vin.i.138 Vin.i.160 …

Cālā

It is said Thig.182–188 SN.i.132 that one day, when Cālā was meditating in the Andhavana, Māra visited her, asking her various questions and trying to tempt her.

The inhabitants of the lowest deva world. his world derives its name from the Four Great Kings (Cattāro Mahārājāno) who dwell there as guardians of the four quarters: Dhataraṭṭha of the East, Virūḷh …

An arahant. With the Buddha’s sanction, and wishing to be of service to the Order, he took upon himself the task of appointing night’s-lodgings to travelling monks and of directing them to meals. He …

In the old Pāḷi literature the name Dakkhiṇāpatha would seem to indicate only a remote settlement or colony on the banks of the upper Godāvarī. Thus, we are told that Bāvarī had his hermitage in Dakkh …

A township (nigama) of the Sākiyans. The Buddha stayed there during his tours and preached to the monks on various topics S.iii.5f; S.iv.124f; M.ii.214.

27.523572,83.5113725town

One of Bāvarī’s disciples; he was among those who visited the Buddha at Bāvarī’s request. Snp.p.194 The questions he asked of the Buddha on this occasion, and the answers given, are found in the Dhota …

A brahmin. He was at Kusinārā at the time of the Buddha’s death, and it was his intervention which prevented a quarrel among the kings who assembled there to claim the Buddha’s relics. He pointed out …

A brahmin who visits the Buddha at Jetavana and asks him various questions on castes and their distinctions, from the point of view of their functions. The Buddha replies that birth’s invidious bar ha …

GijjhakūṭaVulture’s Peak

One of the five hills encircling Rājagaha. It was evidently a favourite resort of those who followed the religious life.

The Buddha seems to have been attracted by its solit …

A brick hall at Nādikā. The Buddha stayed there on various occasions during his visits to Nādikā. It was during one of these visits that Ambapāli presented her park to the Buddha and the Order. Vin.i. …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of his delight in meditating while the rain falls on his little hut. Thag.51

According to the Saṃyutta SN.i.120f. account, Godhika lived on the Kāḷasilā in Isig …

GodhāvarīGodhāvari

A river in Dakkhiṇāpatha, of which it forms the southern boundary, rising in Brahmagiri near the village of Triyanvaka.

18.91278, 77.64451river

One of the places passed by Bāvarī’s disciples on their way from Bāvarī’s hermitage to see the Buddha at Rājagaha.

Between Gonaddha and their starting place lay Patitthāna, Māhissati and Ujjeni, an …

One of Bāvarī’s disciples. He went to the Buddha, asked questions, and became an arahant Snp.1006 Snp.1084–1087

An upāsaka of Icchānaṅgala. Once he visited the Buddha at Jetavana after a long interval, and on being asked why he had been absent so long, he replied that he had been kept busy by various duties. …

Isidatta¹

A verse uttered by Isidatta, in response to the Buddha’s enquiry regarding his welfare, is recorded in the Therāgāthā. Thag.120

According to the Saṃyutta Nikāya, SN.iv.283–288 I …

A wanderer. The Saṃyutta Nikāya records visits paid by him to Sāriputta at Nālakagāma and discussions between them on various topics, such as nibbāna, arahantship, the āsavas, sakkāya, ignorance, th …

JatukaṇṇīJatukannika

One of Bāvarī’s disciples. His question and the Buddha’s answer are found in the Jatukaṇṇi Sutta Snp.1007 Snp.1096–1100

A great brahmin, ranking with eminent brahmins such as Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti and Todeyya. Snp.p.115 He is mentioned as staying in Icchānaṅgala, MN.ii.196 where he evidently took part in the pe …

A city near the Himalaya, capital of the Sākiyan republic. The administration and judicial business of the city and all other matters of importance were discussed and decided in the Santhāgārasālā. DN …

Kappa¹

One of Bāvarī’s disciples. The questions he asked of the Buddha are recorded in the Kappamāṇavapucchā. Snp.1007 Snp.1092–1095

Kappa²

A monk whose Theragāthā verses spea …

Kappāsika VanasaṇḍaKappāsiya Vanasaṇḍa

A grove near Uruvelā. There the a group of men came across the Buddha while seeking for a woman who had run away with certain of their belongings. The Buddha pr …

A pavilion near the Karerikutikā, evidently a hall with a thatched roof supported by wooden pillars, but with no walls.DN.ii.1 The monks seem to have been in the habit of sitting out here and talking …

…Buddha was staying in the Pāvārika-ambavana at Nāḷandā, Kevaṭṭa visited him. The interview is recorded in the Kevaṭṭa Sutta….

Keṇiya

A brahmanical matted hair ascetic. He lived in Āpaṇa, and when the Buddha once stayed there with one thousand three hundred and fifty monks, Keṇiya visited the Buddha, bringing various kinds o …

Khemā

An arahant, chief of the Buddha’s women disciples for her great wisdom. AN.i.25 Her Therīgāthā verses depict her being described as beautiful, but rejecting the pleasures of the senses. Thig.13 …

Kosala¹

A country inhabited by the Kosalans, to the north-west of Māgadha and next to Kāsī. It is mentioned second in the list of sixteen Great Nations.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 In the Buddha’s …

…the Ghositārāma, the Pāvārika-ambavana, and the Badarikārāma. The Buddha visited Kosambī on several occasions, stopping at one or other…

Kumārakassapa

He was foremost among those who had the gift of varied and versatile discourse. AN.i.24 Once when Kumāra Kassapa was meditating in Andhavana a deva appeared before him, and asked him fi …

KāpathikaKāpaṭika

A young brahmin, sixteen years old, well versed in the Vedas, and with his head shaven. He was “of good stock, well informed, a good speaker and a scholar of ability.” He visited th …

A hall in the Mahāvana near Vesāli. The Buddha stayed there on several occasions, and in the books are found records of various eminent persons who visited him there and of his conversations with them …

Mentioned as having stayed with Mahā Moggallāna on Gijjhakūṭa. Once, when they were going down to Rājagaha for alms, Lakkhaṇa noticed that at a certain spot Moggallāna smiled; on asking him why, he wa …

The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions an interview between an Elder of this name and the Sākyan Mahānāma. Mahānāma asks the Elder if the learner’s way of life is identical with that of the Tathāgata. Vaṅgīsa a …

MaghaMaghavā

The name Sakka bore in a previous birth when he was born as a man in Macalagāma in Māgadha.

Magha took upon himself seven vows, which brought him birth as Sakka: to maintain his parents …

MahesāMāhissati

A city in the Buddha’s day, mentioned as lying on the route from Bāvari’s hermitage to Sāvatthī. Snp.1011

According to the Mahāgovinda Sutta DN.ii.220.ff. it was the capital of Ava …

MahākaccāyanaKaccāyanaMahākaccānaKaccāna

One of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered chief among expounders in full of the brief saying of the Buddha. AN.i.23 Several suttas illustrat …

The name given to a Great Being, destined to become either a Cakkavatti or a Buddha. He carries on his person the following thirty two marks. DN.ii.17f. DN.iii.142ff. MN.ii.136f. .

1. he has fe …

Chief queen of Pasenadi, king of Kosala.

Mallika’s knowledge of the Dhamma made her wiser than Pasenadi would have desired, and he once, in a moment of great affection, asked if anyone were dearer to …

The name of a people and their country.

The country is included in the sixteen Great Nations of the Buddha’s time. The kingdom, at that time, was divided into two parts, having their respective capit …

A class of devas possessing lovely forms. Once a large number of them visited Anuruddha at the Ghositirāma and announced to him that in a trice they could assume any colour they desired, produce any s …

One of the sixteen disciples of Bāvarī who visited the Buddha. His question to the Buddha was as to how various ills originated in the world, and the Buddha’s answer, that it was through attachment. S …

A rich man of Sāvatthī. Ugga, Pasenadi’s minister, mentions him during a visit to the Buddha and remarks on his immense wealth. But the Buddha reminds him that Migāra’s treasure is not real treasure i …

He belonged to a brahmin family and studied under Bāvarī as an ascetic. He was one of the sixteen pupils sent by Bāvarī to the Buddha. Snp.1116–1119 The Buddha declared him foremost among wearers of r …

A grove in Veḷuvana at Rājagaha. It contained a Paribbājakārāma, the resort of recluses of various denominations. The Udumbarika Sīhanāda, the Mahā Sakuladāyi and the Culla Sakūladāyi Suttas were prea …

A Paribbājaka. He once visited the Buddha at Veḷuvana and questioned him regarding predestination. The Buddha explains to him that suffering arises from various causes—bile, phlegm, wind, bodily humou …

MāraNamuciKaṇhaAdhipatiAntakaPamattabandhuPāpimā

Generally regarded as the personification of Death, the Evil One, the Tempter. Sometimes known as the Dark One (Kaṇha). Snp.355 MN.i.377 DN.ii.262 T …

Nanda¹Vaccha

Mentioned in a list of well known leaders of the Ajivakas, the others being Kisa Saṅkicca and Makkhali Gosāla. MN.i.524 They were declared by Purāṇa Kassapa, in his classifica …

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

…during his residence in Pāvārika’s mango grove, and while there he had discussions with Upāli-Gahapati and Dīghatapassī, SN.ii.110…

A king, ancestor of the Sākyas and the Kolians.

In the Ambaṭṭha Sutta DN.i.92 it is stated that Okkāka, being fond of his queen and wishing to transfer the kingdom to her son, banished from the kingd …

One of the Licchavis. He went to visit the Buddha at the Kūṭāgārasālā in Vesalī, at a time when the Buddha had given orders that no one should be allowed to see him; but through the intervention of th …

The capital of Aḷaka, the first place to be passed by Bāvarī’s disciples on their way to Sāvatthī. Snp.1011 It is identified with the Baithana or Paitana of Ptolemy.

19.482129,75.3808592town

PañcanadīPañcamahānadī

In several places in the texts five rivers are mentioned as the five great rivers of India, and they are used in various similes and metaphors. These rivers are: Gaṅgā, Yamunā, …

PilindavacchaPilindivacchaPilindiyavacchaPilindaPilindiPilindiya

A monk whose enigmatic Theragāthā verse speaks of what has come and not departed. Thag.9 Certain devas who had been born in the deva w …

Nephew and pupil of Bāvarī. At the time that he visited the Buddha with the other disciples he was 120 years old and very feeble. At the end of his discussion with the Buddha, as recorded in the Piṅgi …

One of Bāvari’s pupils. His question to the Buddha and the answer thereto are given in the Posālamāṇavaa pucchā of the Pārāyana Vagga. Snp.1006 Snp.1112–1115.

Puṇṇaka¹

One of the sixteen disciples of Bāvarī, who visited the Buddha. Snp.1006 His conversation with the Buddha is given in the Puṇṇakamāṇavapucchā. Snp.1043–1048

Puṇṇaka²

…

Pārāyana

The fifth and last division of the Sutta Nipāta. Snp.976ff. It consists of sixteen suttas preceded by an introduction. The introduction describes how Bāvarī first heard of the coming of th …

A shrine near Rājagaha, where the disciples of Bāvarī met and questioned the Buddha. Snp.1013

25.04641, 85.411143shrine

The Buddha visited Pātaligāma shortly before his death. Although it later became the capital of Magadha, it was then a mere village. At that time Ajātasattu’s ministers, Sunīdha and Vassakāra, were en …

The name given to a set of rules to be observed by members of the Buddhist Order. The rules regulate the behaviour of the members of the Order towards one another in respect of clothes, dwellings, fur …

…mango grove of Pāvārika of Kosambī.

Kosambī3parkPāvārikambavana²

A mango grove at Nāḷandā where the Buddha stayed…

A headsman of Uttara who visited the Buddha and questioned him regarding his power of magic. Several conversations he had with the Buddha, on various topics, are given in the Saṃyutta Nikāya. SN.iv.340ff.

The Buddha declared him foremost among those who could inspire speech in others. AN.i.25

The Theragāthā Thag.133–134 contains two verses spoken by him in praise of concentration of the mind.

The Rād …

A city, the capital of Māgadha.

The place was called Giribbaja (mountain stronghold) because it was surrounded by five hills—Paṇḍava, Gijjhakūṭa, Vebhāra, Isigili and Vepulla. It is said MN.iii.68 th …

SetabyāSetavyā

A town in Kosala, DN.ii.316 near which was Ukkaṭṭha.

The Aṅguttara Nikāya AN.ii.37 records a conversation between the Buddha and the brahmin Doṇa, whom the Buddha met on the road from …

A monk of Sāvatthī who was found guilty of various Vinaya offences, and was therefore subjected to the Nissayakamma. Udāyī (Lāludāyi) was his friend and his evil genius. Vin.iii.110f.

Subha¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Subha²TodeyyaputtaBhāradvāja

A young brahman student. He once visited the Buddha in Sāvatthī, asking him various questions. The interview is …

A teacher of old. He had numerous disciples, and those who followed his teachings were reborn in the Brahma world and in various other worlds. Then Sunetta, seeing that some among his disciples were a …

A nigrodha tree belonging to king Koravya. The king and his court ate the first portion of the fruit as big as pipkins and sweet; the army had the second portion, the town and country people the thi …

Sāgata

He was the personal attendant of the Buddha at he time when Soṇa Kolvisa visited Bimbisāra, with overseers of the eighty thousand townships of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Sāgata was endowed with supe …

A town in Kosala. It was regarded in the Buddha’s time as one of the six great cities of India, the others being Campā, Rājagaha, Sāvatthī, Kosambī and Benares. DN.ii.146 In the Vinaya Vin.i.253 howev …

A tribe in North India, to which the Buddha belonged. Their capital was Kapilavatthu. Mention is also made of other Sākyan settlements - e.g., Cātumā, Khomadussa, Sāmagāma, Devadaha, Sīlavatī, Nagara …

A Yakkha. Once, when the Buddha was at the Tankitamañca in Gayā, which was the abode of Sūciloma, Sūciloma and his friend, Khara, happened to be passing by, and Sūciloma, coming up to the Buddha, bent …

A nun, one of four sisters who all joined the Order, the others being Nandā, Nandavatī and Sundarinandā.

Thulla-Nandā appears to have had charge of a large company of nuns, all of whom followed her …

TissametteyyaTissaMetteyya

A disciple of Bāvarī. He visited the Buddha with his colleagues and when the Buddha answered his questions, he, and his thousand pupils became arahants. Tissa was his perso …

Todeyya¹

A Mahāsāla brahmin, mentioned in a list of eminent brahmins gathered together at Icchanankala and Manasākaṭa. DN.i.235 Snp.p.115

There was in Caṇḍalakappa a mango grove belonging …

Ubhato-vibhaṅga

A collective term, comprehending the Bhikkhu-vibhaṅga and the Bhikkhunī-vibhaṅga of the Vinaya Pītaka. Sometimes the word seems to be used as varia lectio for Ubhato-Vinaya. Vin.ii.287

Udaya¹

A brahmin of Sāvatthī. One day the Buddha came to his house and he filled the Buddha’s bowl with the food prepared for his own use. Three days in succession the Buddha came, and Uda …

Udāyī¹LāludāyīPaṇḍita Udāyī

There were at least two monks called Udāyī, and it is not always possible to be sure which one is meant. When the Buddha preached the Nāgopama Sutta, AN.iii.344 …

He once visited the Buddha and told him how he rivalled in power and wealth the seṭṭhi Migāra, grandson of Rohana. He was worth one hundred thousand in gold alone, to say nothing of silver. The Buddha …

The capital of Avanti. In the Buddha’s time, Caṇḍapajjota Vin.i.276 was king of Ujjenī and there was friendly intercourse between that city and Māgadha, whose king was Seniya Bimbisāra. After Bimbisār …

Upaka¹

An Ājivaka whom the Buddha met on his way between Gayā and the Bodhi Tree, after he set out from Isipatana for the preaching of the First Sermon. Upaka questioned the Buddha on his …

Upananda¹

A monk, belonging to the Sākyan clan, who was known for his greed in procuring requisites. Several incidents connected with him are mentioned in the Vinaya. Once he promised to s …

One of the disciples of Bāvarī. Snp.1007 The questions he asked the Buddha, when he visited him in the company of his colleagues, are recorded in the Upasīva-māṇavaa-pucchā. Snp.1069–1076

…to the Buddha in the Pāvārika Mango-grove. Upāli undertook to go himself to the Buddha and refute his views, in spite of the protestations…

A township of the Mallas in the Malla country. Once when the Buddha was staying there, Bhadragaka, the headman of the town, visited him, and the Buddha preached to him a sermon on the arising and the …

UruvelāSenānigamaUruvelapattana

A locality on the banks of the Nerañjara, in the neighbourhood of the Bodhi-tree at Buddhagayā. MN.i.166 The place chosen by the Bodhisatta for his penances was calle …

UruvelākassapaKassapa

One of three brothers, the Tebhātika-Jatilas, living at Uruvelā. After initial resistance, all became the Buddha’s followers. He lived on the banks of the Nerañjara with five h …

Uttiya¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verse tells of how when ill, he aroused mindfulness. Thag.30

In the Saṃyutta Nikāya SN.v.22 the Buddha explains to him, in answer to his question, the char …

VanasavhayaVanasaVanasāvhayaTumbavanagaraPavanaVanasāvatthī

A city lying between Vedisa and Kosambī, on the road taken by Bāvarī’s disciples. Snp.1011

24.69943,80.1727292town

A monk who was declared foremost in the gift of spontaneous poetic expression. AN.i.24

The Theragāthā contains numerous verses spoken by him on various occasions Thag.1208–1279 SN.i.183ff. Some of …

A city, capital of the Licchavis. It is not possible to know how many visits were paid by the Buddha to Vesāli, but the books would lead us to infer that they were several. Various Vinaya rules are me …

Veḷuvana¹Veṇuvana

A park near Rājagaha, the pleasure garden of Bimbisāra. When the Buddha first visited Rājagaha, after his Enlightenment, he stayed at the Latthivanuyyāna. Vin.i.35 The da …

Visākha¹

Husband of Dhammadinnā. After Dhammadinnā had joined the Order, she left the city and retired into the country, returning to Rājagaha after she had attained arahantship. Visākha, …

A class of non human beings generally described as non-human. They are mentioned with Devas, Rakkhasas, Dānavas, Gandhabbas, Kinnaras, and Mahoragas (? Nāgas).

Elsewhere AN.ii.38 they rank, in progr …

Yasa ¹

He was the son of a very wealthy treasurer of Benares, and was brought up in great luxury, living in three mansions, according to the seasons and surrounded with all kinds of pleasu …

ĀjīvakāĀjīvikā

A class of naked ascetics, Vin.i.291 followers of Makkhali Gosāla, regarded, from the Buddhist point of view, as the worst of sophists. Numerous references to the Ājīvakas are to be fo …

A deva who visited the Buddha at Veḷuvana accompanied by Asama, Sahali, Ninka, Vetambarī and Mānava-Gāmiya. Ākoṭaka spoke before the Buddha in praise of various teachers of other schools: Pakuddha-K …

ĀḷavīgotamaĀḷavīGotama

A thera, who is mentioned in the Sutta Nipāta Snp.1146 in a verse spoken by the Buddha to Piṅgiya when the Buddha appeared in a ray of light at Bāvarī’s hermitage.

not to be broken or pierced; not to be alienated or severed; not to be set at variance.

(~-cīvarika)n. whose robe has been taken away or stolen

various tools etc. for the fire-oblation

(constant) equivocation, prevarication; shuffling to and fro.

not one, i.e. many, various; of various kinds; countless, numberless

1. (mfn.) various, of various kinds, of many forms.
2. (n.) manifold form; various ways

of several kinds; manifold; various

varioulsy ordered; of several kinds, various

one after another; various; following

añña-m-añña

mfn. pron.

1. one another; each other.
2. one after the other; now one… now another…; various, different.

1. (m.) one who speaks about something else, a prevaricator.
2. (n.) the offense of prevaricating

with variegated wings.

citta¹

neuter

1. mind; thought.
2. a single thought; a thought moment; a moment of consciousness.

citta²

mfn. & neuter bright, bright colored; decorated; may colored; extraor …

one who speaks brilliantly; whose talk is varied.

one who speaks brilliantly; whose talk is varied.

one who speaks brilliantly; whose talk is varied.

one who speaks brilliantly; whose talk is varied.

more varied or diversified.

made variegated, made diverse; decorated; painted.

…positive morality, duties to be performed (as opposed to vāritta, abstention from immorality)

1. (m.)
   1. a deity; a god; especially the various groups of gods.
   2. sphere of the gods; a godlike state.
   3. godlike; a godlike person.
   4. (the god) of the sky and atmosphere; rain-cloud. …

deity; a god (male or female; often identified with the (various groups of) devas, but more often a god or spirit living on earth close to men, in trees, rivers, buildings etc)

indeclinable hither and thither; in various locations.

gatekeeper; a janitor, a doorkeeper.

solely; exclusively; absolutely; wholly; invariably

invariability; certainty; invariable; certain

( & ~a n.) a kind or variety of supernatural power

stability in or of the country.

who has achieved stability in the country, whose country is stable; whose position is secure.

certain coin (made of various metals); money.

(soup) treated in various ways; (possibly) treated and untreated (soup); (according to commentary) a soup of strained bean water with added oil.

hard and soft food; various kinds of food

every moment; at various moments

lesser, minor; the least important; the very smallest; the various small or minor …; (n.) a minor disciplinary rule; the basic or minor discipline

duty to be performed, business to be done; various duties or affairs

various duties or affairs

kind of tree, Bauhinia variegata; one of the trees in the devaloka.

following one’s various desires, indulging one’s desires; subject to desire for sensual pleasures

following one’s various desires, indulging one’s desires; subject to desire for sensual pleasures

whose robe is lost.

~ānaṃ, ~esaṃ), not one, more than one; many; various.

constant, permanent, enduring; invariable; (iic often: constantly, always)

marks, apprehends the characteristic features; apprehends an object or appearance (as distinguished in various ways); distinguishes, identifies an object or appearance.

of nivāreti

1. constrained, bound; restrained; disciplined; constant.
2. (whose outcome or course is) determined, fixed; restricted, limited, specified; established, sure; inevitable, invariable.

fixed rule; a particular or specified way or manner; an invariable practice or experience; a determined or inevitable outcome, certainty; an assured state; what leads to an inevitable outcome, the way …

, abstr. the state of having various inclinations or intents.

of various kinds.

of various kinds.

nānatta¹

neuter various; different; separated.

nānatta²

neuter abstr. diversity, variety; difference.

various sorts of talk, tale, trivial conversation.

of various colors or appearance.

of various colors or appearance.

indeclinable variously, differently; separately; different, separate; various, of various kinds (frequently iic); (difference, diversity (?))

consisting of various mixtures.

holding various (false) views or theories; holding different views.

belonging to various families or classes.

holding various or different preferred views.

having various wishes; having different aims.

gone to various different kingdoms.

from various different kingdoms.

of various kinds.

variously broken of; (or variously bent down

is bestrewn, covered (with); extends in various directions

covered; checked; hindered, obstructed.

proceeding of censure (against a bhikkhu accused of a serious offense who prevaricates or denies the offense; one of the methods of settling a case or dispute)

having (only) the three robes; undertaking the dhutaṅga of having (only) the three robes.

bhikkhu who has undertaken the dhutaṅga of having (only) the three robes.

having (only) the three robes; undertaking the dhutaṅga of having (only) the three robes.

(~ī)n. standing still, still, unmoving; inanimate; stable, firm, long-lasting; permanent, invariable.

high and low; great and small; mixed, various

up and down; in various ways; in a changing manner

various objects of enjoyment, goods and possessions.

form or variety of indicating; (another’s thoughts or state of mind)

Abhiññā: The 6 ‘higher powers’, or supernormal knowledge’s, consist of 5 mundane lokiya powers attainable through the utmost perfection in mental concentration samādhi and one supra-mundane * …

Ariya-puggala: or simply Ariya: Noble Ones, noble persons:
The 8, Ariya = Noble Ones are those who have realized one of the 8 stages of Nobility, i.e. the 4 supra-mundane paths magga …

Bala: ‘powers’. Among various groups of powers the following five are most frequently met with in the texts: 1 faith saddhā, 2 energy viriya, 3 awareness or mindfulness sati, 4 concentration …

Cāritta-sīla: and Vāritta-sīla: ‘morality consisting in performance and morality consisting in avoidance,’ means;the performance of…

Iddhi-pāda: ‘roads to power’ or success are the 4 following qualities,,for as guides, they indicate the road to power connected therewith; and because they form, by way of preparation, the roads …

Jhāna: ‘absorption’ meditation refers chiefly to the four meditative absorptions of the fine-material sphere rūpa-jjhāna or rūpāvacara - jjhāna avacara They are achieved through the att …

Patigha: - 1. In an ethical sense, it means: ‘repugnance’, grudge, resentment, anger, and is a synonym of vyāpāda, ill-will’ see: nīvarana and dosa ‘hate’ see: mūla It is one of the late …

Patisandhi: lit. ‘reunion, relinking’, i.e. rebirth, is one of the 14 functions of consciousness viññāna-kicca. It is a kamma-resultant type of consciousness and arises at the moment of concep …

Performance: and avoidance: cāritta - vāritta

[[te-cīvarik’anga]]Te-cīvarik’anga: ‘practice of the three-rober’, is one of the ascetical means for purificaton dhutānga.

not tied, unbound, unfettered Snp.39 (variant reading and Nd ii.abandha; expl^d- by rajju-bandhan’ ādisu yena kenaci abaddha Snp-a.83).

a + baddha

noun adjective not tied to, not a follower or victim of Iti.56 (mārassa; variant reading abaddha).

a + bandha

Abbahati & abbuhati

to draw off, pull out (a sting or dart);
imper pres abbaha Thag.404; Ja.ii.95 (variant reading BB appuha = abbuha; C. explains by uddharatha)
aor abbahi Ja.v.198 (variant …

T. reading at AN.ii.39, evidently interpreted by ed. as ā + vraje, pot. of ā + vraj to go to, come to (cp pabbajati), but is preferably with variant reading SS to be read aṇḍaje (corresponding w …

noun adjective

1. (nt.) that which is not “vata” i.e. moral obligation, breaking of the moral obligation Snp.839 (asīlata +); Mnd.188 (variant reading SS abhabbata; expl^d. again as a-vat …

adjective = antara, i.e. internal, inner, being within or between; nt. -ṃ the inner part, interior, interval (see [as ˚-](/define/as ˚-)) Vin.i.111 (satt˚ with interval of seven); AN.iv.16 (opp. …

to be much pleased at to show great appreciation of Vin.i.196; DN.i.143, DN.i.190; SN.iv.224; Mil.29, Mil.210; Dhp-a.iv.102 (variant reading ˚ānu˚).

abhi + anu + modati

(besides abbocch˚; q.v. under abbokiṇṇa²) not cut off, uninterrupted, continuous Ja.i.470 (variant reading abbo˚); Ja.vi.254, Ja.vi.373; Cp.i.6#3; Mil.72 Vism.362 (bb), Vism.391 (bb).

…

to sprinkle over, to cover, bedeck Vv.5#9 (= abhi-okirati abhippakirati), Vv.35#11 (variant reading abbhuk˚). Cp. abbhukkirati & abbhokkiraṇa; pp. abbhokiṇṇa see under *[abb …

to rise; variant reading at Vv.64#17 according to Vv-a.280: abbhuddayaṃ (see abbhudeti abbhussayan ti pi pāṭho.

abhi + ud + seti of śī

adjective

1. very hot Dhp-a.ii.87 (variant reading accuṇha).
2. quite hot, still warm (of milk) Dhp-a.ii.67.

ahhi + uṇha

standing up, held up, erect Ja.v.156 (in abbhuṇṇatatā state of being erect. stiffness), Ja.v.197 (˚unnata; variant reading abbhantara, is reading correct?).

pp. of abbhunnamati

adjective not frowning, genial Vin.iii.181 (but here spelt bhākuṭikabhākuṭika); DN.i.116, cp. DN-a.i.287; Dhp-a.iv.8 (as variant reading T. has abbhokuṭika).

a + bhākuṭi + ka; Sk. bhrakuṭi frown

adjective monstrous dreadful, enormous, “of the size of a large cloud (thus C. on SN.i.205 & Ja.iii.309) SN.i.205 = Thag.652 (variant reading abbha˚ & abbhāmutta) = Ja.iii.309 (variant reading ˚mutta) …

adjective not of legal or conventional status, i.e

1. negligible, not to be decided Vin.iii.91, Vin.iii.112 (see also Kvu trsl. 361 n. 4)
2. uncommon, extraordinary Ja.iii.309 (variant reading BB a …

1. filled MN.i.387 (paripuṇṇa +); Dhp-a.iv.182 (pañca jātisatāni a.).
2. abbocchinna*, a + vi + ava + chinna] uninterrupted, constant, as -ṃ adv. in comb^n. wi …

Abbahati & abbuhati

to draw off, pull out (a sting or dart);
imper pres abbaha Thag.404; Ja.ii.95 (variant reading BB appuha = abbuha; C. explains by uddharatha)
aor abbahi Ja.v.198 (variant …

the pulling out (of a sting), in phrase taṇhā-sallassa abbuḷhanaṃ as one of the 12 achievements of a Mahesi Mnd.343 = Cnd.503 (ed^s. of Nd i.have abbūhana, variant reading SS abbussāna; e …

pulling out (of a sting) Dhp-a.iii.404 (sic. T.; variant reading abbūhana; Fausböll aḍahana glosses C. aṭṭhangata & aṭṭhangika, K. nibbāpana). See also; abbuḷhana and *[abbhāha …

adjective drawn out, pulled (of a sting or dart), fig. removed destroyed. Most freq. in comb^n. -salla with the sting removed, having the sting (of craving thirst, taṇhā) pulled out DN.ii …

(& abbūhitta at Ja.iii.541) pulled out, removed, destroyed Mnd.59 (abbūḷhita-sallo + uddhaṭa˚ etc. for abbūḷha); Ja.iii.541 (uncertain reading; variant reading BB appahita, SS abyūhita; C. explain …

Abhi-

I. Meaning

1. The primary meaning of abhi is that of taking possession and mastering, as contained in E. coming by and over-coming, thus literally having the function of facing …

overcoming, vanquishing, mastering SN.ii.210 (variant reading BB abhipatthana).

fr. abhibhavati

adjective covered with, bedecked or adorned with (-˚) Ja.ii.48 (hema-jāla˚, variant reading abhisañchanna), Ja.ii.370 (id.); Snp.772 (= ucchanna āvuṭa etc. Mnd.24, cp. Cnd.365).

abhi + channa

in sabba˚ at Pv-a.78 is with variant reading BB to be read sabbapātheyyaṃ.

1. (trs.) to gladden, please, satisfy SN.iv.190 (abhihaṭṭhuṃ); AN.v.350 (id.).
2. (intr.) to find delight in (c. acc.), to enjoy SN.v.74 (rūpaṃ manāpaṃ); AN.iv.419 sq. (T. reads ˚hiṃsamāna jhānaṃ vari …

adjective that which is not being broken up or divided. In the stock descrīption of the varieties of the lower Iddhi the phrase udake pi abhijjamāne gacchati is doubtful. The principal passages are …

one who covets MN.i.287 (T. abhijjhātar, variant reading ˚itar) = AN.v.265 (T. ˚itar, variant reading ˚ātar).

n. ag. fr. abhijjhita in med. function

variant reading at Dhp-a.iv.101 for ajjhiṭṭha.

to know by experience, to know fully or thoroughly, to recognise know of (c. acc.), to be conscious or aware of DN.i.143; SN.ii.58, SN.ii.105, SN.ii.219, SN.ii.278; SN.iii.59, SN.iii.91; SN.iv.50, SN. …

1. to sprinkle or cover over: see abhikiṇṇa 1.
2. [Sk. avakirati, cp. apakiritūna] to overwhelm, destroy, put out, throw away, crush SN.i.54; Thag.598; Thag.2, Thag.447 (ger. ˚k …

(˚eti) & -mantheti

1. to cleave, cut; to crush, destroy MN.i.243 (sikharena muddhānaṃ ˚mantheti); SN.i.127; Dhp.161 (variant reading ˚nth˚); Ja.iv.457 (matthako sikharena ˚matthiyamāno) Dhp-a.iii …

becoming, birth, rebirth, DN.i.229; DN.ii.283 (variant reading for abhinipphatti) SN.ii.65 (punabbhava˚), SN.ii.101 (id.); SN.iv.14, SN.iv.215; AN.v.121; Pv-a.35.

abhi + nibbatti

to be disgusted with, to avoid, shun, turn away from Snp.281 (T. abhinibbijjayātha, variant reading BB˚ nibbijjiyātha & ˚nibbajjiyātha, Snp-a explains by vivajjeyyātha mā bhajeyyātha; variant reading …

at Ja.vi.36 is to be read abhinippanna (so variant reading BB.).

production, effecting DN.ii.283 (variant reading ˚nibbatti).

abhi + nipphatti

1. to take out, throw out MN.i.119 (see abhinīhanati).
2. to direct to, to apply to (orig. to isolate? Is reading correct?) in phrase *ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhin …

to shed rain upon, to pour down; intrs. to rain, to pour, fall. Usually in phrase mahāmegho abhippavassati a great cloud bursts Mil.8 Mil.13, Mil.36, Mil.304; Pv-a.132 (variant reading ati˚); intrs. …

1. to like, to find delight in (acc.), to desire, long for Ja.iii.192; Ja.v.222 (roceti); Vv.64#23 (vataṃ abhirocayi = abhirocesi ruccitvā pūresi ti attho; abhirādhayi ti pi pāṭho; sādhesi nipphādesī …

concentration of mind, attention (seems restricted to Pts ii. only) Pts.ii.82 (variant reading abhiniropana), Pts.ii.84, Pts.ii.93, Pts.ii.115 (buddhi˚), Pts.ii.142 (˚virāga), Pts.ii.145 (˚vimutti), P …

(abhiruhati) to ascend, mount, climb; to go on or in to (c. acc.) Dhp.321; Thag.271; Ja.i.259; Ja.ii.388; Ja.iii.220; Ja.iv.138 (navaṃ); Ja.vi.272 (peculiar aor. ˚rucchi with ābhi metri causa; = abhir …

Abhisamikkhati & Abhisamekkhati

to behold, see, regard, notice Ja.iv.19 (2^nd sg med. ˚samekkhase = olokesi C.)
ger -samikkha ˚samekkha; [B.Sk. ˚samīkṣya, e.g. Jtm.p.28, Jtm.p.30 etc.] …

Abhisamikkhati & Abhisamekkhati

to behold, see, regard, notice Ja.iv.19 (2^nd sg med. ˚samekkhase = olokesi C.)
ger -samikkha ˚samekkha; [B.Sk. ˚samīkṣya, e.g. Jtm.p.28, Jtm.p.30 etc.] …

at Pv-a.144 is wrong reading for variant reading abhisapana (curse).

1. sprinkled over, anointed Snp.889 (manasā, cp. Mnd.298); Mil.336 (amatena loka a.).
2. consecrated (King), inaugurated (more freq. in this conn. is avasitta), Vin.iii.44; AN.i.107 (khattiyo khattiye …

to utter a solemn wish, Vv.81#18 (aor. ˚sīsi. variant reading ˚sisi. Vv-a.316 explains by icchi sampaṭicchi).

= abhisaṃsati, abhi + śaṃs. As to Sk. śaṃs → P. siṃs cp. āsiṃsati, as to meaning …

adjective only neg. an˚; in formula atāṇo loko anabhissaro “without a Lord or protector MN.ii.68 (variant reading ˚abhisaro); Pts.i.126 (variant reading id.).

abhi + issara

(tuṇṇa). Overwhelmed, overcome overpowered SN.ii.20; Pts.i.129 (dukkha˚), Pts.i.164; Ja.i.407 Ja.i.509 (˚tuṇṇa); Ja.ii.399, Ja.ii.401; Ja.iii.23 (soka˚); Ja.iv.330; Ja.v.268, Sdhp.281.

not as Morris, …

confided in, taken into confidence MN.ii.52 (variant reading ˚visaṭṭha).

abhi + vissattha, pp. of abhivissasati, Sk. abhiviśvasta

to go against (in a hostile manner, to attack (c. acc.) SN.i.216 (aor. abhiyaṃsu, variant reading SS abhijiyiṃsu); Dhp-a.iii.310 (aor. abhiyāsi as variant reading for T. reading pāyāsi; the id. p Vv\ …

adjective

1. going beyond the limits (of proper behaviour), too self-sure, overbearing, arrogant, proud SN.i.239 (variant reading accayasara caused by prolepsis of foll. accaya); Ja.iv.6 (atisara); …

…Ja.ii.100 (udaka); Vv.79#10 (vāri); DN-a.i.113 (yāgu).

• -odaka having clear water, with clear water (of lotus ponds)…

3^rd sg. aor. of chindati “he has cut out or broken, has destroyed” (see also chindati 3) in comb^n. with taṇhaṃ MN.i.122; SN.i.12, SN.i.23, SN.i.127 (so re …

(variant reading accheja) destroying (?) SN.i.127. Is the reading warranted? Cp. acchecchi.

at Ja.v.124 is to be read with variant reading as apaccupaṭṭhapeti (does not indulge in or care for).

adjective very hot, too hot Snp.966; Mnd.487; Dhp-a.ii.85, Dhp-a.ii.87 (variant reading for abbhuṇha). See also ati-uṇha.

ati + uṇha

to speak more or better, to surpass in talk or speech; to talk somebody down, to persuade, entice Vin.iv.224, Vin.iv.263; SN.ii.204 sq.; Ja.v.433 (variant reading BB ajjhārati), Ja.v.434 (variant read …

eating, food Ja.v.374 (variant reading modana).

from adeti

(in compounds addha˚;)

1. (of space a path, road, also journey (see compounds & derivations); only in one ster. phrase Ja.iv.384 = Ja.v.137 (pathaddhuno paṇṇarase va cando, gen. for loc. ˚addha …

wanderer, wayfarer, traveller DN-a.i.298 (= pathāvin), DN-a.i.270; Pv-a.78, Pv-a.127 (˚jana people travelling). Often comb^d. with kapaṇa beggar, tramp, as kapaṇaddhikā (pl.) tramps an …

at Pv.ii.6#2 is to be corrected to aṭṭita (sic variant reading BB).

same meaning as addhan but as simplex only used with reference to time (i.e. a long time, cp. Vv-a.117 addhānaṃ = ciraṃ). Usually in phrase atītaṃ (anāgataṃ etc.) addhānaṃ in …

adjective (-˚) overpowering, having power over; master conqueror, lord SN.iv.186 (anadhibhū not mastering. For adhibhūta the variant reading abhi˚ is to be preferred as more us …

to vex, oppress, gore (to death) Ud.8 (T. adhipāteti, variant reading avibādeti).

adhi + bādheti, cp. Sk. abhibādhayati

only at SN.iii.12, where variant reading is aviciṇṇa, which is to be preferred. See viciṇṇa.

to surpass, excel SN.i.87 = DN-a.i.32; DN.iii.146; SN.iv.275; AN.iii.33; Iti.19. Ger adhigayha Pv.ii.9#62 = Dhp-a.iii.219 (variant reading BB at both pass. atikkamma); & adhiggahetvā Iti.20
pp …

an executioner’s block Thig.58; cp. Thag-a.65 (variant reading kuḍḍanā, should prob. be read koṭṭana); Thag-a.287.

adhi + koṭṭanā or koṭṭana

-adj. n. attention, direction of mind, concentration Snp.692 (adhimanasā bhavātha). (adj.) directing one’s mind upon, intent (on) Ja.iv.433 (= pasannacitta); Ja.v.29 (an˚; variant reading ˚māna).

adhi + mano

Adhimuccita & Adhimucchita

past participle drawn towards, attached to, infatuated, indulging in (with loc.) MN.ii.223 (an˚); SN.i.113; Thag.732 (variant reading ˚muccita), Thag.923 (cch), Thag.1175; …

Adhimuccita & Adhimucchita

past participle drawn towards, attached to, infatuated, indulging in (with loc.) MN.ii.223 (an˚); SN.i.113; Thag.732 (variant reading ˚muccita), Thag.923 (cch), Thag.1175; …

one who determines for something, easily trusting, giving credence. AN.iii.165 (variant reading ˚mucchitā)

n. ag. of adhimuccati

Adhipāta¹

splitting, breaking, only in phrase muddhā˚; head-splitting Snp.988 sq., Snp.1004, Snp.1025 (variant reading Nd ii.˚vipāta).

adhipāteti

Adhipāta²

a moth Snp.964. …

to break, split Ja.iv.337 (= chindati). At Ud.8 prob. to be read adhibādheti (variant reading avibādeti. T. adhipāteti).

Caus. fr. adhipatati, cp. Sk. abhipātayati & P. atipāteti

expression, saying, opinion; only in tt. adhivuttipada (variant reading adhimutti-p. at all passages) DN.i.13 (expl^d. by adhivacana-pada DN-a.i.103); MN.ii.228; AN.v.36.

adhi + vut …

(adhiṭṭhahati)

1. to stand on Ja.iii.278 (ger. ˚āya); Dhp-a.iv.183 (ger ˚hitvā); fig. to insist on Thag.1131 (aor. ˚āhi).
2. to concentrate or fix one’s attention on (c. acc.), to direct one’s tho …

not seeing, without seeing Ja.iv.192 (T. adaṭṭhā, variant reading BB na diṭṭhā, C. adisvā), Ja.v.219.

a + diṭṭhā, ger. of *dassati

(or ādu) indeclinable part. of affirmation: even, yea, nay; always in emphatic exclamations Vv.62#2 (= udāhu Vv-a.258 variant reading SS. ādu) = Pv.iv.3#17 (ādu) = Dhp-a.i.31 (T. ād …

fire.

1. fire, flames, sparks; conflagration Vin.ii.120 (fire in bathroom); MN.i.487 (anāhāro nibbuto f. gone out for lack of fuel); SN.iv.185, SN.iv.399 (sa-upādāno jalati provided with fuel blazes …

at Thag.321 may be read as agha-gata or (preferably) with variant reading as aggha-gataṃ, or (with Neumann) as agghaṃ agghatānaṃ. See also Mrs. Rh. D, Psalms of the Brethren, p. 191.

1. house or hut, usually implying the comforts of living at home as opp. to anagāra homelessness or the state of a homeless wanderer (mendicant). See anagāriyā
   ■ Thus freq. in two phrases con …

Aha¹

indeclinable exclamation of surprise, consternation, pain etc “ch! alas! woe!”. Perhaps to be seen in cpd. -kāmā miserable pleasures lit. “woe to these pleasures!”) gloss at Thag- …

snake Vin.ii.109; DN.i.77; SN.iv.198; AN.iii.306 sq.; AN.iv.320; AN.v.289; Mnd.484; Vism.345 (+ kukkura etc.); Vv-a.100; Pv-a.144.

• -kuṇapa the carcase of a snake Vin.iii.68 …

to get, procure, obtain Ja.iii.263 (?). pp. ajjita (q.v.).

Vedic arjati, ṛj, a variant of arh, see arahati

the present time, in ajjatañ ca this very day SN.i.83 (variant reading ajjeva).

abstr. fr. ajja

to overcome, conquer Iti.76 (dujjayaṃ a. he conquered him who is hard to conquer; variant reading ajjhabhi for ajjhabhavi). Cp. ajjhabhavi.

3^rd sg. aor. of *[adhibhavati](/define/adhibhava …

he came to, got to, found, obtained, experienced SN.i.12 (vimānaṃ); Snp.225 (expl^d. at Kp-a.180 by vindi paṭilabhi), Snp.956 (ratiṃ; expl^d. at Mnd.457 by adhigacchi); Iti.69 (jā …

SN.v.218: substitute variant reading accasara (q.v.).

study (esp. of the Vedas) MN.iii.1; Ja.ii.327 (as variant reading to be preferred to ajjhesanā); Ja.iii.114 (= japa); Ja.v.10 (pl. = vede), Ja.vi.201 = Ja.vi.207; Vb.353; Snp-a.314 (mant’).

• *-[ku …

request, entreaty Vin.i.6 = DN.ii.38 = SN.i.138; Ja.ii.327 (better variant reading ajjhena).

see ajjhesati

requested, asked, invited Vin.i.113 (an˚ unbidden); DN.ii.289 (Buddhaghosa and text read ajjhitta); Snp.p.218 (= ajjhesita Cnd.16); Ja.vi.292 (= āṇatta C.); Dhp-a.iv.100 (variant reading abhijjhiṭṭha …

stiffened out (in a swoon), lying in a faint (?) AN.iii.57 sq (variant reading ajjhomuñcïta or ˚muccita better: sarīre attached to her body, clinging to her b.).

pp. adhi + ava + mūrch, cp. adhimuccita

? only found in one stock phrase, viz. gathita (q.v.) mucchita ajjhopanna with ref. to selfishness, greed bonds of craving. The reading ajjhopanna is the lectio difficilior, bu …

to be bound to, to be attached, bent on; to desire, cleave to, indulge in. Fut. ajjhosissati (does it belong here?) MN.i.328 (c. acc. paṭhaviṃ, better as ajjhesati). grd. ajjhositabha MN.i.109 (+ …

hanging on, cleaving to, being bent on, (c. loc.) SN.ii.94 (+ mamāyita); AN.ii.25 (diṭṭha suta muta +); Mnd.75 Mnd.106, Mnd.163 = Nd ii under nissita; Thig.470 (asāre = taṇhāvasena abhiniviṭṭha Thag …

1. minor conduct (conduct of a bhikkhu as to those minor rules not included in the Pārājikas or Saṃghādisesas) Vin.i.63 (see note in Vin. Texts, i.184.
2. flirtation Vin.iii.128 (in the Old Cy as ex …

(cp. agalu) an ointment Ja.iv.440 (akaluñ candanañ ca, variant reading BB aggaluṃ; C. explains as kālākaluñ ca rattacandanañ ca, thus implying a blacking or dark ointment); Ja …

adjective constant, durable, lasting DN.iii.86. As tt. for one of 4 branches of Vedic learning (DN.i.88) it is Phonetics which probably included Grammar, and is explained by sikkhā …

adjective = akāca Vv.60#1. Kern (Toevoegselen s. v.) proposes reading akkācin (= Sk. arka-arcin shining as the sun), but Vv-a.253 explains by niddosa, and t …

at SN.i.43 is spurious spelling for ālassa idleness, sloth; variant reading BB ālasya.

adjective (only ˚-)

1. moist, wet MN.iii.94 (-mattikā -puñja a heap of moist clay; may be taken in meaning 2).
2. fresh (opp. stale), new; freshly plucked, gathered or caught, viz.
   • *-kusam …

to cling to, stick to, adhere to (in both senses, good or bad); to covet

1. lit. kesā sīsaṃ allīyiṃsu the hair stuck to the head Ja.i.64 khaggo lomesu allīyi the sword stuck in the hair Ja.i.273
2. f …

Ambaka¹

adjective “womanish” (?), inferior, silly, stupid, of narrow intellect. Occurs only with reference to a woman, in comb^n. with bālā AN.iii.349 (variant reading amma˚), AN …

Amho = ambho

Ja.i.174 (variant reading).

Ambho

indeclinable part. of exclamation, employed:

1. to draw attention = look here, hey! hallo! Vin.iii.73 (= ālapan’ âdhivacana); Ja.ii.3; Pv-a.62.
2. to mark reproach anger = you silly, you rasc …

Amho = ambho

Ja.i.174 (variant reading).

1. a trough Ja.v.297; Ja.vi.381 (bhatt˚).
2. a certain measure of capacity Ja.i.62; Ja.ii.436 (taṇḍul˚). As -ka at Ja.ii.117 (variant reading ampaṇaka); DN-a.i.84.

of uncertain etym.; Sk. armaṇa …

adjective not restored, not to be restored Vin.iv.242; Pv.i.12#3 (where reading prob. faulty & due to a gloss; the id. p. at Thig.129 has ayācita & at Ja.iii.165 anavhāta; Pv-a.64 explains by ana …

the utter cessation of becoming. In the oldest Pali only in adj. form anabhāvaṃ kata or gata. This again found only in a string of four adjectives together expressing the most utter destruction. They …

adjective uncalled, unbidden, unasked Vin.i.113; Pv.i.12#3 (T. anabbhita, variant reading anijjhiṭṭha Ja.iii.165 has anavhāta; Thig.129 ayācita; Pv-a.64 explains by anavhāta).

an + ajjhiṭṭha

not grumbling Ja.iii.27 (variant reading for anusuyyaṃ T.).

Sk. anasūyan, ppr. of an + asūyati

adjective

1. (lit.) blind, blinded, blindfolded Ja.i.216 (dhūm˚); Pv.iv.1#48; Pv-a.3
   ■ dark, dull, blinding MN.iii.151 (˚andhaṃ adv. dulled); Snp.669 (Ep. of timisa, like Vedic andhaṃ tamaḥ); D …

adjective (usually ˚-) not one, i.e. many, various; countlcss, numberless Iti.99 (saṃvaṭṭakappā countless aeons); Snp.688 (˚sākhā); Dhp.153 (˚jātisāra); Ja.iv.2 Ja.vi.366.

• -pariyāyena (instr.) …

adjective not hard, not greedy, generous DN.iii.47 (+ amaccharin; variant reading anussukin); Snp-a.569 (see under niṭṭhurin).

an + issukin, see also an-ussukin

at DN.i.91 is variant reading for anujagghati.

houselessness, a houseless state, fig freedom from worldliness or attachment to life, singleness SN.v.24 = AN.v.232 = Dhp.87 (okā anokaṃ āgamma). adj. homeless, free from attachment SN.i.176; Dhp.87 ( …

adjective (only ˚-) not inferior, superior, perfect, supreme, in foll. compounds

• -guṇa supreme virtue DN-a.i.288.
• -dassika of superior beauty Vv.20#7, V …

absence of rain, drought Ja.v.317 (variant reading BB for anvāvassa T.; q.v.).

an + ovassa; cp. Sk. anavavarṣana

adjective Primary meanings are “inside” and “in between” as adj. “inner”; in prep. use & in compounds “inside, in between”. Further development of meaning is with a view of contrasting the (two) sides …

disappearance Dhp-a.iv.191. (variant reading ˚adhāna).

fr. antaradhāyati

adverb prep. (c. gen. acc. or loc.), pref. (˚-) and adv. “in between” (of space & time), midway, inside; during meanwhile, between. On interpretation of term see DN-a.i.34 sq

1. (prep.) c. ac …

adjective noun

1. near Kp-a.217; nt. neighbourhood Kp.viii.1. (odak˚); Ja.vi.565 (antike loc. anti near).
2. [der fr. anta = Sk. antya] being at the end, final, finished, over SN.i.130 (purisā etad\ …

adjective last, final (used almost exclusively with ref. to the last & final reincarnation thus in comb^n. with deha & sarīra;, the last body) DN.ii.15; Dhp.351; Iti.50 (antimaṃ dehaṃ dhār …

Anu¹

indeclinable prep. & pref

A.

As prep. anu is only found occasionally, and here its old (Vedic) function with acc. is superseded by the loc. Traces of …

to think upon, to meditate, consider SN.i.203 (variant reading for anuvicinteti).

anu + cinteti

adjective gone after, accompanied by, come to; following; fig. fallen or gone into, affected with (-˚), being a victim of, suffering MN.i.16; DN.iii.85 DN.iii.173 (parisā); AN.ii.185 (sota˚, variant …

to be held up over, ppr. anuhīramāna DN.ii.15 (vv.ll. variant reading anubhiram˚ glosses B. K. anudhāriyam˚, cp. Trenckner, Notes 79).

for ˚hariyati, anu + hṛ.

not to observe or notice Ja.v.339 (= anoloketi C.; variant reading anapaviṇāti).

an + upacināti

(anuppadeti) to give out, give as a present, hand over; to design, set forth, undertake SN.iii.131 (Pot. anuppadajjuṃ); MN.i.416 (Pot. anupadajjeyya see dadāti i.3); Mil.210 (˚deti …

to laugh at, to deride, mock over AN.i.198 (variant reading anusaṃ˚).

anu + pa + jagghati

dealing with, interest in SN.iv.312 (variant reading ˚vattana).

fr. anuparisakkati

to move round, to be occupied with, take an interest in (c. acc.) SN.iv.312 (variant reading ˚vattati).

anu + pari + sakkati

(anuppa˚) to give, give over to, offer up, present, supply Vin.i.221 (˚pavacchati); DN.i.74 (= pavesati DN-a.i.218); DN-a.ii.78; MN.i.446 MN.iii.133; AN.ii.64; AN.iii.26 (variant reading ˚vacch˚); J …

to direct upon, to apply to AN.iv.47 sq. (cittaṃ samāpattiyā; so to be read with variant reading for anusandati) Mil.63 (but here prob. to be read as anusandati, q.v.).

anu + …

at SN.ii.54 (āsavā na a.; variant reading anusayanti) & iv. 188 (akusalā dhammā na a.; variant reading anusenti) should preferably be read anusayati: see anuseti 2.

to traverse; to go up to, surround, visit (acc.) MN.i.209 (Bhagavantaṃ ˚itvā) Ja.iv.214 (variant reading anuyāyitvā). See also anuyāti and anusaññāti.

anu …

adjective free from greed Dhp.199; cf. anussukin variant reading DN.iii.47, also anissukin and apalāsin.

an + ussuka

adjective not envious, not jealous Snp.325 (= usuyyāvigamena a. Snp-a.332); Ja.ii.192 (variant reading anussuyyaka); Ja.v.112.

an + usuyyaka

adjective attached to one, i.e. inherent, chronic (of disease) MN.ii.70 (ābādha, variant reading BB anussāyika) Dhp-a.i.431 (roga).

fr. anusaya

having known or found out, knowing well or thoroughly, testing, finding out MN.i.301, MN.i.361 (variant reading -vijja); AN.ii.3, AN.ii.84; AN.v.88; Dhp.229 (= jānitvā Dhp-a.iii.329); Snp.530 (= a …

to think or ponder over, to meditate DN.ii.203; SN.i.203 (yoniso ˚cintaya, imper “marshall thy thoughts in ordered governance” Mrs. Rh. DN variant reading anucintaya); Thag.747; Dhp.364; Iti.82 (dhamm …

at AN.v.22 is doubtful reading (variant reading anuyutta). The meaning is either “inferior to, dependent on, a subject of, a vassal” or “attending on”. The explanation may compar …

variant reading at Snp-a.569, see niṭṭhurin.

noun adjective

1. (n.) conformity, accordance DN.ii.83 = DN.iii.100; MN.i.69 (dhamm˚ logical conclusion of) SN.ii.58; DN.iii.226 (anvaye ñāṇaṃ); Pv.ii.11#3 (tassa kammassa anvāya, variant reading BB …

to look, for search, seek SN.i.112 (ppr. anvesaṃ = pariyesamāna C.); Cp.iii.11#7 (ppr. anvesanto)
aor anvesi [Sk. anveṣi fr. icchati] Pv.ii.6#20 (? perhaps better with variant reading Pv-a.99 as …

to follow, approach, go with Snp.1103 (= anugacchati anvāyiko hoti Cnd.59); Dhp.1 (= kāyikaṃ… dukkhaṃ anugacchati Dhp-a.i.24), Dhp.2, Dhp.71 Dhp.124; perhaps at Pv.ii.6#20 (with variant reading BB at …

endowed with, possessed of, attacked by, Ud.35 (doubtfull; variant reading ajjhāpanna) = AN.iv.356 which has anvāsatta.

pp. of anu + ā + sad

clung on to, befallen by (instr.), attached to AN.iv.356 (variant reading anvāhata), cp. Ud.35 (anvāsanna q.v.) See also foll.

pp. of anu + ā + sañj, cp. anusatta = Sk. anusakta

at Ja.v.317 should be read with variant reading BB as anovassa absence of rain.

not taking up, not heeding Ja.iv.352 (variant reading for T. anādiyitvā).

ger. of an + ādiyati

Anānu-

represents the metrically lengthened from of ananu(an + anu), as found e.g. in the foll. compounds: -tappaṃ (ppr.) not regretting Ja.v.492; -puṭṭha questioned Snp.782 (= apucchita Snp\ …

adjective not Aryan, ignoble, Snp.815 (variant reading SS. anariya).

doublet of anariya

adjective not longing after anything Snp.369 (Snp-a.365 however reads anāsayāna & has anāsasāna as variant reading Cp. also vv.ll. to āsasāna. Expl^d by kañci rūpâdi-dhammaṃ nâsiṃsati Snp\ …

Anāḷhiya & Anāḷhika

adjective not rich, poor, miserable, destitute, usually comb^d. with daḷidda MN.i.450; MN.ii.178 (variant reading BB. anāḷiya) AN.iii.352 sq. (vv.ll. BB. anāḷhika), 384; …

Anāḷhiya & Anāḷhika

adjective not rich, poor, miserable, destitute, usually comb^d. with daḷidda MN.i.450; MN.ii.178 (variant reading BB. anāḷiya) AN.iii.352 sq. (vv.ll. BB. anāḷhika), 384; …

1. [in meaning of Sk. apacīyate cp. P. upaciyyati Pass. of upacināti] to get rid of, do away with, (cp. apacaya), diminish, make less SN.iii.89 (opp. ācināti); Thag.807; Ja.iv.172 (apacineth’ eva kāmā …

adjective not giving up, greedy, miserly AN.iii.76 (variant reading apānuta; Commentary explains (a)vaḍḍhinissita mānatthaddha)

a + pajaha

to throw away, remove Snp.281 (variant reading BB & Snp-a ava˚; expl^d. by niddhamati & nikkaḍḍhati Snp-a.311)
ger apakassa Sn.ii.198 = Mil.389. See also *[apakāsat …

put off, done away, in ājīvik āpakata being without a living MN.i.463 (the usual phrase being ˚apagata); Mil.279 (id.). At Iti.89 the reading of same phrase is ājīvikā pakatā (variant reading ā˚ vak …

at Vin.ii.204 is to be read as apakassati and interpreted as “draw away, distract, bring about a split or dissension (of the Sangha)”. The variant reading on p. Vin.ii.325 just …

licking off, in cpd. hatthāpalekhana “hand-licking” (i.e. licking one’s hand after a meal, the practice of certain ascetics) MN.i.77 (with variant reading hatthâvalekhana …

1. to look ahead, to look before, to be cautious, to look after MN.i.557 (variant reading for apaciṇāti, where Ja.v.339 C. has avaloketi); Mil.398.
2. to look up to, to obtain permission from (acc.), …

adjective not running away, steadfast, brave, fearless Cnd.13 (abhīru anutrāsin apalāyin as expl^n. of acchambhin and vīra); Ja.iv.296; Ja.v.4 (where C gives variant “apalāpinī ti pi pāṭho …

to go away Snp.1102 (apanamissati, variant reading apalām˚ & apagam˚; explained at Cnd.60 by vajissati pakkhamissati etc
pp apanata (q.v.) Caus. apanāmeti …

1. to take away, remove MN.i.96 = AN.i.198 (kathaṃ bahiddhā a. carry outside) Kp.viii.4 (= aññaṃ ṭhānaṃ gameti Kp-a.220).
2. [= Sk. ava-namati] to bend down, lower, put down Vin.ii.208 (chattaṃ); SN …

to go away, to go aside Ja.iv.347 (variant reading for apavattati); Vv-a.101; Pv-a.265 (aor ˚sakki = apakkami).

apa + sakkati

to turn away or aside, to go away Ja.iv.347 (variant reading apasakkati).

apa + vṛt, cp. Lat. āverto

is probably misreading for apaciṇāti (see apac˚ 2). As variant reading at Ja.v.339 (anapavinanto) for T. anupacinanto (expl^d. by avaloketi C.). Other vv.ll. are anuvi˚ & apavī˚ meaning “n …

disrespect, neglect, in phrase apayvāmato (apaby˚) karoti to treat disrespectfully, to insult, defile SN.i.226 (variant reading abyāmato; C. explains apabyāmato karitvā abyāmato …

indeclinable both prep. & conj., orig meaning “close by”, then as prep. “towards, to, on to on” and as adv. “later, and, moreover”.

1. (prep. pref.)
   1. prep. c. loc.: api ratte later on in the n …

adjective “unhankering (Mrs Rh. D.) SN.i.181 (+ akankha; variant reading BB asita).

apihālu? a + piha, uncertain origin, see next. Morris JP.I.S. 1886 takes it as a + spṛha

adjective at Vv.36#1 should be read as apiḷaddha (= Sk. apinaddha) pp. of apiḷandhati (apiḷandhati) “adorned with”, or (with variant reading SS) as apiḷandhana; Vv-a.167 ex …

adjective not to be destroyed Ja.iv.344 (variant reading duppadhaṃsa).

= appadhaṃsiya, Sk. apradhvaṃsya

Appadhaṃsika & ˚iya

(adj.) not to be violated or destroyed, inconquerable, indestructible DN.iii.175 (˚ika, variant reading ˚iya); Ja.iii.159 (˚iya); Vv-a.208 (˚iya); Pv-a.117 (˚iya). Cp. *[appadha …

Appadhaṃsika & ˚iya

(adj.) not to be violated or destroyed, inconquerable, indestructible DN.iii.175 (˚ika, variant reading ˚iya); Ja.iii.159 (˚iya); Vv-a.208 (˚iya); Pv-a.117 (˚iya). Cp. *[appadha …

to think little of, to underrate, despise Dhp.121 (= avajānāti Dhp-a.iii.16; variant reading avapamaññati).

appa + maññati

boundlessness, infinitude, as psych. t. t. appl^d. in later books to the four varieties of philanthropy, viz mettā karuṃā muditā upekkhā i.e. love, pity, sympathy desinterestedness, and as …

adjective dissatisfied, displeased, disappointed (cp. appaccaya) Ja.v.103 (at this passage preferably to be read with variant reading as appatika = without husband, C. explains assāmika), Ja.v.155 ( …

adjective at Pv.ii.1#13 is faulty reading for sampatitacchavi (variant reading).

adjective

1. not to be rolled back Snp.554 (of dhammacakka may however be taken in meaning of b.)
2. irresistable Ja.ii.245 (sīhanada). Note. The spelling with ṭ is only found as variant reading at …

adjective not having feet, footless, creeping, epithet of snakes & fishes Vin.ii.110 = Ja.ii.146 (where see expl^n.). Spelt apada(ka) at Iti.87 (variant reading apāda).

a + pāda + ka

unfitness Mil.232 (variant reading apākatatta perhaps better).

a + pākaṭa + tā

mechanism to stop a chariot, a safe guard “to prevent warriors from falling out”. SN.i.33 (Mrs Rh. D. trsl “leaning board”); Ja.vi.252 (variant reading upā˚; Kern trsl. “remhout”, i.e. brake).

“a Ved …

Apāpurati & Apāpuṇati

to open (a door) Vin.i.5 (apāpur’ etaṃ Amatassa dvāraṃ: imper. where id. p. SN.i.137 has avāpur˚, T., but variant reading apāpur˚) Vv.64#27 (apāpuranto Amatassa dvāraṃ, expl …

Apāpurati & Apāpuṇati

to open (a door) Vin.i.5 (apāpur’ etaṃ Amatassa dvāraṃ: imper. where id. p. SN.i.137 has avāpur˚, T., but variant reading apāpur˚) Vv.64#27 (apāpuranto Amatassa dvāraṃ, expl …

adjective not open, sly, insidious Thag.940 (as variant reading for T. avāṭuka, trsl. by Mrs. Rh. D. as “unscrupulous”, by Neumann as “ohne Redlichkeit”) Context suggests a meaning similar to the prec …

forest DN.i.71; MN.i.16; MN.iii.104; SN.i.4, SN.i.7, SN.i.29, SN.i.181, SN.i.203 (mahā); AN.i.60 (˚vanapatthāni); AN.ii.252; AN.iii.135, AN.iii.138; Snp.39, Snp.53, Snp.119; Dhp.99, Dhp.329, Dhp.330; …

Araññaka & Āraññāka

(adj.) belonging to solitude or to the forest, living in the forest, fond of solitude, living as hermits (bhikkhū) MN.i.214 (ā˚), MN.i.469, MN.iii.89; SN.ii.187, SN.ii.202 (varian …

Araṇi & ˚ī

feminine wood for kindling fire by attrition, only in foll. compounds: -potaka small firewood, all that is needed for producing fire, chiefly drill sticks Mil.53; -sahita (nt.) same …

Araṇi & ˚ī

feminine wood for kindling fire by attrition, only in foll. compounds: -potaka small firewood, all that is needed for producing fire, chiefly drill sticks Mil.53; -sahita (nt.) same …

rudder. Usually in comb^n. with piya (phiya) oar, as piyârittaṃ (phiy˚ oar & rudder, thus at SN.i.103 (T. piya˚, variant reading phiya˚) AN.ii.201 (piya˚); Ja.iv.164 (T. pi …

the sun Vin.ii.68 Vin.iv.245; Ja.ii.154; Ja.v.403; Ja.vi.330; Dpvs.i.56; DN-a.i.30. a. uggacchati the sun rises Ja.i.108; Vv-a.75, & see compounds.

• -ugga sunrise Vin.iv.272; SN …

adjective bad Ja.iv.435 = Ja.vi.235 (sataṃ vā asaṃ acc. sg. with variant reading santaṃ…, expl^d- by sappurisaṃ vā asappurisaṃ vā C.); Ja.v.448 (n. pl. f. asā expl^d. by asatiyo lā …

Asama¹

adjective unequal, incomparable Ja.i.40 (+ appaṭipuggala); Sdhp.578 (+ atula). Esp. freq. in cpd -dhura lit. carrying more than an equal burden, of incomparable strength, very …

Asekha & Asekkha

adjective & noun not requiring to be trained, adept, perfect, m. one who is no longer a learner, an expert; very often meaning an Arahant (cp B.Sk. aśaikṣa occurring only in phrase ś …

Asekha & Asekkha

adjective & noun not requiring to be trained, adept, perfect, m. one who is no longer a learner, an expert; very often meaning an Arahant (cp B.Sk. aśaikṣa occurring only in phrase ś …

Assa¹

shoulder; in cpd. assapuṭa shoulder-bag, knapsack i.e. a bag containing provisions instr. assupuṭena with provisions. Later exegesis has interpreted this as a bag full of ashes, …

Assaka¹

(-˚) with a horse, having a horse; an’ without a horse Ja.vi.515 (+ arathaka).

assa³ + ka

Assaka²

adjective not having one’s own, poor, destitute MN.i.4 …

Assattha¹

the holy fig-tree, Ficus, Religiosa the tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment i.e. the Bo tree Vin.iv.35; DN.ii.4 (sammā-sambuddho assatthassa mūle abhisambuddho); …

Assu¹

neuter DN.i.115, DN.i.141; Dhp.67; Pp.56; DN-a.i.284; Pv-a.39. -mocana shedding of tears Pv-a.18.

Vedic aśru, Av. asrū, Lith aszarà, with etym. not definitel …

variant reading at Iti.111 for asāraddha.

anger, malice, hatred abruptness, want of forbearance Pp.18 = Vb.357; Dhs.418, Dhs.1060, Dhs.1115, Dhs.1341 (an˚); Dhs-a.396.

probably a haplological contraction of asura-ropa. On various suggestio …

adjective not excited, cool AN.i.148 = Iti.119 (passaddho kāyo a.; variant reading assāraddha).

a + sāraddha

indeclinable adv. and prep of direction (forward motion), in primary meaning “on and further”, then “up to and beyond”.

I. in abstr position

adverbially (only as ttg.): in excess, extremel …

adjective noun transgressing, sinning, esp. as f. aticārinī an adulteress SN.ii.259; SN.iv.242; DN.iii.190; AN.iii.261; Pv.ii.12#14; Pv-a.151 (variant reading BB), Pv-a.152; Vv-a.110.

from aticarati

(ger.) pulling (right) through Ja.v.173 (rajjuṃ, a rope, through the nostrils; variant reading BB. anti˚).

fr. atikassati ati + kṛṣ; Sk. atikṛṣya

to despise, slighten, neglect Snp.148 (= Kp-a.247 atikkamitvā maññati); Dhp.365, Dhp.366; Ja.ii.347; Pv.i.7#6 (˚issaṃ, variant reading ˚asiṃ = atikkamitvā avamaññiṃ Pv-a.37); Pv-a.36; Sdhp.609.

Sk …

to injure, destroy, kill; only in the stock phrase pāṇaṃ atimāpeti (with variant reading atipāteti) to destroy life, to kill DN.i.52 (variant reading ˚pāteti) = DN-a.i.159 (: pāṇaṃ hanati pi parehi …

to destroy SN.v.453; Dhp.246 (variant reading for atimāpeti, q.v.). Cp. paripāteti.

Denom. fr. atipāta

adverb = ati + iva, orig. “much-like” like an excess = excessive-ly. There are three forms of this expression, viz.

1. ati + iva in contraction atīva (q.v.)
2. ati + iva with …

Attha¹

(also aṭṭha, esp. in combinations mentioned under 3) masculine & neuter

1. interest, advantage, gain; (moral) good blessing, welfare; profit, prosperity, well-b …

adjective

1. (to attha¹) profitable, good, proper. In this meaning the MSS show a variance of spelling either atthika or aṭṭhika or *[aṭṭhita](/de …

at Pv-a.222 is uncertain reading; the meaning is “known, understood” (aññāta Pv.iv.1#11); perhaps we should read āvikata or adhigata (so variant reading BB). Avagahati & ogahati;

pp. of avagacchati

defeat Dhp-a.ii.228 (variant reading for T. ajaya).

ava + jaya, cp. apajita

to be diminished, to be lost, be undone Ja.i.313 (jitaṃ a; variant reading avajījy˚); Dhp.179 (jitaṃ a = dujjitaṃ hoti Dhp-a.iii.197).

ava + jīyati; Sk. avajiryate

Ne.4 (avakaḍḍhayitvā). Pass.; avakaḍḍhati Ja.iv.415 (hadayaṃ me a. my heart is weighed down = sokena avakaḍḍhīyati C; variant reading avakassati)
pp *[avakaḍḍhita](/define/a …

Avakirati & okirati

1. to pour down on, to pour out over; aor. avakiri Pv-a.86; ger. ˚kiritvā Ja.v.144.
2. to cast out, reject, throw out; aor. avākiri Vv.30#5 = Vv.48#5 (variant reading ˚kari; Vv-a …

Avakkamati & okkamati

to approach. to enter, go into or near to, to fall into, appear in, only in ger. (poetically) avakamma Ja.iii.480 (variant reading apa˚).

ava + kamati fr. kram

washed off, taken away from, detracted DN-a.i.66 (variant reading apa˚).

pp. of avakkhaleti, Caus. of kṣal

Avakkhipati & okkhipati

to throw down or out, cast down, drop; fig usually applied to the eyes = to cast down, hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning of “to keep under, to restrain …

Avalekhana¹

neuter

1. scraping, scraping off Vin.ii.141 (˚pidhara), Vin.ii.221 (˚kaṭṭha).
2. scratching in writing down Ja.iv.402, (˚sattha a chisel for engraving letters).

fr. avalekhat …

to scrape off Vin.ii.221 (variant reading apa˚).

ava + lekhati, likh, Sk. avalikhati

is a doubtful comp^d. of kassati, the comb^d. ava + pa occurring only in this word. In all likelihood it is a distortion of vavakassati (vi + ava + kass …

(-˚) to neglect, fail, spurn Thag.167; Ja.iv.428 (variant reading ˚rujjh˚).

ava + rajjhati of rādh, cp. Sk. avarādhyate

to go down, to go away (to) Snp.685 (variant reading BB. T. avaṃsari).

ava + sṛ.

(-˚) besprinkled, anointed, consecrated, only in phrase rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto of a properly consecrated king (see also khattiya) DN.i.69; DN.ii.227; DN.iii.64; Pp.56; DN …

to dry up, to wither; in later quotations of the old kāmaṃ taco ca nahāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasussatu (upasussatu sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ Ja.i.71, Ja.i.110; Sdhp.46. It is a later spelling for the older avas …

adverb the prep. ava in adv. use, down, downward; in C. often expl^d. by adho. Rarely absolute, the only passage found so far being Snp.685 (avaṃ sari he went down, variant …

to look at, to consider, to see Iti.33 (variant reading ap˚); Dhp.28, Dhp.50, Ja.iv.6; Dhp-a.i.259 (= passati).

B.Sk. avīkṣate. The regular Pāli form however is apekkhati, to which the BSk. av˚ corresponds

calling to, asking, invocation, imploration DN.i.11 (Sir-avhāyane, variant reading avhayana expl^d. at DN-a.i.97 with reading Sirivhāyana as “ehi Siri mayhaṃ sire patiṭṭhāhī ti evaṃ sire S …

ignorance; the main root of evil and of continual rebirth (see paṭicca-samuppāda, cp. SN.ii.6, SN.ii.9, SN.ii.12; Snp.p.141 & many other passages) See on term; Cpd. 83 n. 3, 18 …

state of being undisturbed harmony, balance Ja.vi.224 (C. avisaggata). Cp. avyagga.

a + visaggatā, variant reading viy˚, thus as a + viyagga, Sk. vyagra = ākula

at Ja.v.117 according to Kern,

Toevoegselen

s.v. corrupted from avisaye, i.e. towards a wrong or unworthy object, C. differently: avisare = avisaritvā atikkamitva; variant reading adhisare.

a …

Ayo & Aya

neuter iron. The nom. ayo found only in set of 5 metals forming an alloy of gold (jātarūpa), viz ayo, loha (copper), tipu (tin), *sīsa …

Ayira & Ayyira

n-adj. n. ariyan nobleman, gentleman (opp. servant); (adj.) arīyan, well-born, belonging to the ruling race, noble, aristocratic gentlemanly Ja.v.257; Vv.39#6
■ f. ayirā lady, mi …

Ayo & Aya

neuter iron. The nom. ayo found only in set of 5 metals forming an alloy of gold (jātarūpa), viz ayo, loha (copper), tipu (tin), *sīsa …

grandfather, (so also BSk., e.g. Mvu.ii.426; Mvu.iii.264) Ja.iii.155; Ja.iv.146; Ja.vi.196; Pv.i.84; Mil.284. ayyaka-payyakā grandfather & great grandfather; forefathers, ancestors Ja.i.2; Pv-a.107 …

Ayira & Ayyira

n-adj. n. ariyan nobleman, gentleman (opp. servant); (adj.) arīyan, well-born, belonging to the ruling race, noble, aristocratic gentlemanly Ja.v.257; Vv.39#6
■ f. ayirā lady, mi …

Añjati¹

See añja, añjaya, añjali, añjasa.

= Sk. ṛñjati, ṛjyati to stretch, pull along, draw out, erect; cp. Sk. ṛju straight, caus. irajyati; Gr. ὀρέγω Lat. rego, rectus = erect. See also …

pronoun another etc

A. By itself

1. other not the same, different, another, somebody else (opp oneself) Vin.iii.144 (aññena, scil. maggena, gacchati to take a different route); Snp.459, Sn …

Aḍḍha¹

(& addha) one half, half; usually in comp^n. (see below), like diyaḍḍha 1 1/2 (˚sata 150) Pv-a.155 (see as to meaning Stede, Peta Vatthu p. 107). Note. aḍḍha is nev …

Aṃsa¹

1. the shoulder AN.v.110; Snp.609. aṃse karoti to put on the shoulder, to shoulder Ja.i.9.
2. a part (lit. side) (cp. ˚āsa in koṭṭhāsa and explⁿ of …

1. (lit.) a constituent part of the body, a limb, member; also of objects: part, member (see cpd. ˚sambhāra); uttam˚aṅga the reproductive organ Ja.v.197; also as “head” at Thag-a.209. Usually in cp …

Aṅgaṇa¹

neuter an open space, a clearing, Vin.ii.218; Ja.i.109 (= manussānan sañcaraṇa-ṭṭhāne anāvaṭe bhūmibhāge C.); Ja.ii.243, Ja.ii.290 Ja.ii.357; Dāvs i.27
■ cetiy˚; an open space …

1. a finger or toe MN.i.395 (vank’ angulaṇ karoti to bend the fingers, variant reading anguliṇ); AN.iii.6 (id.); Ja.v.70 (goṇ adj. with ox toes, expl^d. by C. as with toes like an ox’s tail; …

Aṅka¹

= anga, sign, mark, brand Mil.79; -karana branding Ja.iv.366, Ja.iv.375. See also anketi.

Aṅka²

1. a hook Ja.v.322 Ja.vi.218 (variant reading BB anga)
2. the lap (i.e. …

1. forest, woods Ja.i.306; Ja.ii.117; Ja.iii.220; Dhp-a.i.13; Pv-a.277.
2. inhabitant of the forest, man of the woods, wild tribe Ja.vi.55 (= aṭavicorā C.).

• -rakkhika guardian of the forest Ja …

Aṭṭha¹

num. card, eight, decl. like pl. of adj. in-a A. The number in objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see compounds ˚angula, ˚nakha, ˚pada, ˚pāda B. The number in …

(& occasionally addita, e.g. Pv.ii.6#2; Thig.77, Thig.89; Thag.406) pained, distressed, grieved, terrified Thag.157; Ja.ii.436; Ja.iv.85 (variant reading addhita); Ja.v.84; Vv-a.3 …

indeclinable the sound (& letter); b, often substituted for or replaced by p (& ph): so is e.g. in Bdhgh’s view pahuta the word bahuta, with p for b (Kp-a.207), cp. bakkula badara, badālatā, ba …

Baddha¹

1. bound, in bondage MN.i.275; SN.i.133; SN.iv.91; Snp.957 (interpreted as “baddhacara by Mnd.464); Dhp.324.
2. snared, trapped Ja.ii.153 Ja.iii.184; Ja.iv.251, Ja.iv.414.
3. made f …

adjective to strengthen, cp. upabrūhana, paribbūḷha much, many, large, abundant; plenty; in compound also very, greatly (˚-) instr. sg. bahunā Dhp.166; nom. pl bahavo Vin.iii.90; Dhp.307, & *bahū …

adjective great, much, many, abundant Ja.iii.368 (b. jano most people, the majority of p.), Ja.v.388; Ja.iv.536; Mhvs.36, Mhvs.49; Pv-a.25 (gloss for pahūta Pv.i.5#2); Dhp-a.ii.175
■ nt. bahukaṃ …

adjective abundant, much Thig.406 (˚ratana, so read for bahuta˚), Thig.435 (for bahutadhana); Ja.iii.425 (bahūtam ajjaṃ “plenty of food”; ajja = sk. ādya, with kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. bahūta for …

in milāta˚-puppha is variant reading Kp-a.60 (see App. p. 870 Pj.) for -ākuli˚; which latter is also read at Vism.260.

cp. Class. Sk. bakula, Name of the tree Mimusops elengi, and its (fragr …

Bala¹

neuter

1. strength power, force DN.ii.73; AN.i.244; Thag.188; Dhp.109 (one of the 4 blessings, viz. āyu, vaṇṇa, sukha, bala; cp Dhp-a.ii.239); Pv.i.5#12 (= kāya-bala Pv-a.30); Pv …

1. religious offering, oblation DN.ii.74 (dhammika); AN.iv.17, AN.iv.19; Snp.223; Mhvs.36, Mhvs.88 (particularly to subordinate divinities, cp. Mvu. translation 263) Dhp-a.ii.14 (variant reading ˚k …

Balisa & Baḷisa

masculine & neuter a fish-hook SN.ii.226 = SN.iv.158 (āmisa-gataṃ b.); Cnd.374 (kāma˚ variant reading palisa); Ja.i.482 sq.; Ja.iii.283; Ja.iv.195; Ja.v.273 sq. Ja.v.389; Ja.vi.416; …

Balya¹

neuter belonging to strength, only in cpd. dub˚; weakness MN.i.364; Pp.66; also spelt dubballa MN.i.13
■ abl. dubbalyā as adv. groundlessly without strong evidence Vin.iv.24 …

crane Thag.307; Ja.ii.363; Ja.iii.226; Mil.128 (˚ānaṃ megha-saddena gabbhâvakkanti hoti); Vism.126 (in simile, megha-mukhe b. viya); DN-a.i.91 (variant reading baka).

cp. Vedic balākā, perhaps to …

as variant reading of vaṭṭaka see *aṃsa*˚.

1. binding, bond, fetter Vin.i.21; DN.i.226, DN.i.245 (pañca kāmaguṇā); DN.iii.176; MN.ii.44; SN.i.8, SN.i.24 (Māra˚), SN.i.35, SN.i.40, SN.iv.201 sq. (5 fold) to bind the king of the Devas or Asuras, …

adjective

1. the plant Pentapetes phoenicea Ja.iv.279 (˚puppha, evidently only a contraction of bandhu-jīvaka, cp. C. bandhujīvaka puppha; although Sk. bandhūka is given as syn. of bandhujīva at Hal …

Balisa & Baḷisa

masculine & neuter a fish-hook SN.ii.226 = SN.iv.158 (āmisa-gataṃ b.); Cnd.374 (kāma˚ variant reading palisa); Ja.i.482 sq.; Ja.iii.283; Ja.iv.195; Ja.v.273 sq. Ja.v.389; Ja.vi.416; …

the fruit of the Vilva tree (a kind of citron?) Ja.iii.77 (C. beluva); Ja.vi.578. Also in doubtful passage at Ja.iii.319 (variant reading mella, phella).

= beluva, q.v.

Beluva & Beḷuva

1. the Vilva tree Aegle marmelos MN.i.108; MN.ii.6; Ja.iv.363, Ja.iv.368; Ja.vi.525 Ja.vi.560.
2. wood of the Vilva tree SN.i.22; DN.ii.264 Mhbv.31.

• -pakka ripe …

Beluva & Beḷuva

1. the Vilva tree Aegle marmelos MN.i.108; MN.ii.6; Ja.iv.363, Ja.iv.368; Ja.vi.525 Ja.vi.560.
2. wood of the Vilva tree SN.i.22; DN.ii.264 Mhbv.31.

• -pakka ripe …

Bhadanta & Bhaddanta

venerable, reverend mostly in voc. as address “Sir, holy father” etc., to men of the Order. voc. sg. bhadante SN.i.216 (variant reading bhaddante); voc. pl. bhadantā Dhp-a …

Bhadda^a & Bhadra^b

adjective

1. auspicious lucky, high, lofty, august, of good omen reverend (in address to people of esteem), good, happy fortunate DN.ii.95^a; SN.i.1 …

Bhadanta & Bhaddanta

venerable, reverend mostly in voc. as address “Sir, holy father” etc., to men of the Order. voc. sg. bhadante SN.i.216 (variant reading bhaddante); voc. pl. bhadantā Dhp-a …

to roast, toast Vin.iv.264; Dhtp.79 & Dhtm.94, expl^d by “pāke.” Caus. bhajjāpeti to have, or get roasted Vin.iv.264; Dhp-a.i.224 (variant reading K. paccāpeti).

Vedic bhṛjjati, cp. Gr. …

adjective (-˚) “bearing” in act. & pass. meaning, i.e. supporting or being supported; only in cpd. dubbhara hard to support AN.v.159, AN.v.161 (variant reading dubhara), and *[s …

sea, in two names for a town and a kingdom viz. Bharukaccha Mnd.155; Ja.ii.188; Ja.iv.137, and Bharu-raṭṭha Ja.ii.169 sq., a kingdom which is said to have been swallowed up by the sea
■ Also in …

speech, conversation, way of talking, disputation Snp.328 (variant reading for hassa); Iti.71; Mil.90; Vism.127 (grouped into fit talk as the 10 kathā-vatthus, and unfit talk or gossip, as the 32 tir …

feeding, food, nourishment, meal Dhp.185; Pp.28, Pp.55; Ja.ii.15; Ja.v.170 (bhatta-manuñña-rūpaṃ for bhattaṃ-); Vism.66 (where 14 kinds enumerated, i.e. sangha˚ uddesa˚ etc.); Sdhp.118
■ ucchiṭṭh …

“becoming”, (form of) rebirth, (state of) existence, a “life.” There are 3 states of existence conventionally enumerated as kāma˚ rūpa˚, arūpa˚; or sensual existence, deva-corporeal, formless exist …

pronoun of polite address “Sir, Lord, or “venerable, honourable,” or simply “you.” Cases as follows (after Geiger,

Pali Grammar

§ 98#3): sg. nom. bhavaṃ Snp.486; DN.i.249; MN.i.484. nt. bhavaṃ …

to become, to be, exist, behave etc. (cp. Cnd.474 sambhavati jāyati nibbattati pātu-bhavati)

I. Forms

There are two bases used side by side, viz bhav˚; and (contracted) ho˚; the latte …

collection of goods, heap, bundle; bhaṇḍikaṃ karoti to make into a heap Ja.iii.221, Ja.iii.437; or bhaṇḍikaṃ bandhati to tie into a bundle Dhp-a.ii.254; Vv-a.187. sahassa˚; a heap of 1,000 kah …

Bhaṭṭha¹

dropped, fallen down Ja.i.482; Ja.iv.222, Ja.iv.382; Ja.v.444. Cp. pari˚.

pp. of bhraṃś, see bhassati

Bhaṭṭha²

spoken, said Vv.63#19 (su˚ = s …

adjective terrible, awful Vin.ii.203 = Iti.86 (“bhesmā hi udadhī mahā,” so read for Vin. bhasmā with variant reading bhesmā, and for It tasmā, with variant reading BB bhesmā, misunderstood by ed …

ball, bead; also a ball-shaped ornament or turret, cupola Thag.164 (see kaṇḍu²) Ja.i.386 (see [˚maya ball-shaped](/define/˚maya ball-shaped)); Ja.iii.184 (variant read …

Bheṇḍuka¹

a ball for playing Ja.iv.30, Ja.iv.256; Ja.v.196; Ja.vi.471; Dhs-a.116 See also geṇḍuka.

in all probability misreading for geṇḍuka. The variant reading is …

beggar, mendicant SN.i.182 (bh. brāhmaṇa) Ja.vi.59 (variant reading BB. ˚uka); Vb-a.327.

fr. bhikkhu, Cp. Epic Sk. bhikṣuka & f. bhikṣukī

to split, break, sever destroy, ruin. In two bases: *bhid (with der. *bhed) *bhind;

1. *bhid: aor. 3^rd sg. abhida (= Sk abhidat) DN.ii.107; Ja.iii.29 (see als …

small bolster Vin.ii.148 (vātapāna˚ a roll to keep out draughts); Kp-a.50 (tāpasa˚ variant reading K^k kapala-bhitti, see Appendix to Indexes on Sutta Nipāta & Pj.).

fr. bhisi¹

Bhiṅkāra¹

(& ˚gāra) a water jar, a (nearly always golden) vase, ceremonial vessel (in donations) Vin.i.39 (sovaṇṇa-maya); DN.ii.172; AN.iv.210 = AN.iv.214 (T. ˚gāra, variant reading ˚kāra …

adjective noun

1. belonging to the earth, earthly, terrestrial; nt. soil, ground, floor Snp.222 (bhūtāni bhummāni earthly creatures contrasted with creatures in the air, antalikkhe), Snp.236 (id.); S …

…Pv-a.23 (+ pavārita); Snp-a.58; instr. bhuttāvinā Vin.iv.82; gen. dat. bhuttavissa DN.ii.195. acc. bhuttāviṃ Vin.i.213;…

adjective noun making “bhu,” i.e. bow-wow, barking Ja.vi.355 (˚sunakha) variant reading bhu-bhukka-sadda-karaṇa.

bhu + kṛ; see bhukka

light, splendour; given as name of a jewel at an extremely doubtful passage Ja.v.317, Ja.v.318, where T. reads “vara taṃ bhañ ñam icchasi,” & C. explains.: “bhā ti ratanass’ etaṃ nāmaṃ.” The variant r …

1. part, portion, fraction, share Vin.i.285; Snp.427 (sahassa-bhāgo maraṇassa = sahassaṃ bhāgānaṃ assā ti Snp-a.387; a thousand times a share of death, i.e. very near death, almost quite dead), Snp. …

Bhājana¹

neuter a bowl, vessel, dish, usually earthenware, but also of other metal, e.g. gold (suvaṇṇa˚) DN-a.i.295; copper (tamba˚ Dhp-a.i.395; bronze (kaṃsa˚) Vism.142 (in simile). Vin …

adjective knitting the eyebrows, frowning, only in redupl. cpd. bhākuṭika- bhākuṭiko frowning continually, supercilious Vin.ii.11 = Vin.iii.181 (manda-mando +); Cnd.342 (korajika-korajiko +) Vi …

adjective carrying, wearing, only in cpd. mālā˚; (māla˚), wearing a garland (of flowers Ja.iv.60, Ja.iv.82; Ja.v.45; where it interchanges with ˚dhārin (e.g. Vv.32#3; variant reading at Pv-a.211; c …

• -sakuṇa a bird of prey, a vulture [Abhp. 645, 1049]; as one of the lucky omens enumerated (under the so-called mangala-kathā) at Kp-a.118 (with variant reading SS. cāta˚ & vā …

Bhāsati¹

to speak, to say, to speak to, to call MN.i.227, Snp.158 Snp.562, Snp.722; Dhp.1, Dhp.246, Dhp.258; also bhāsate Snp.452
pot bhāseyya Vin.ii.189; Snp.451, Snp.930; Snp-a.46 …

adjective “having a being,” going to be, as-˚ in avassa˚; sure to come to pass, inevitable Ja.i.19
■ f. bhāvinī future Vv-a.314 (or is it bhāvanīya? cp. variant reading S bhāvaniyā).

fr. bhāv …

reciting or preaching, in pada˚; reciting the verses of the Scriptures Dhp-a.ii.95 (variant reading paṭibhāna), Dhp-a.iii.345; Dhp-a.iv.18.

• -vāra a section of the Scriptures …

adjective = bhiṃsana (q.v.) Pv.iv.3#5 (variant reading in Pv-a.251), explained by bhayajanana Pv-a.251, where C. reading also bhīsana.

frown, anger, superciliousness MN.i.125 (variant reading bhakuṭi & bhā˚); Ja.v.296.

a different spelling of bhakuṭi, q.v
■ Cp. Sk. bhṛkuti & bhrukuṭi

fragrant grass; Andropogon schoenanthus Ja.vi.36 (= phanijjaka); Vism.543 (so variant reading for T. bhūtinaka).

cp. *Sk. bhūtṛna

Bila¹

neuter a hole, den, cave AN.ii.33 = SN.iii.85; Thag.189 Mnd.362; Ja.i.480; Ja.ii.53; Ja.vi.574 (= guhā C.); Mil.151 Sdhp.23
■ kaṇṇa˚; orifice of the ear Vism.195; vammīka˚; ant …

sour gruel Ja.vi.365 (= kañjiya); usually in stock phrase kaṇājaka bilaṅga-dutiya (seed-cake?) accompanied by sour gruel Vin.ii.77, Vin.ii.78; SN.i.90; AN.i.145; AN.iv.392; Ja.i.228; Ja.iii.299; S …

1. shape, image (= paṭimā Vv-a.168) SN.i.134 (trsl. “puppet”); SN.v.217 (vimba) Ja.v.452. In phrase cittakataṃ bimbaṃ it refers to the human body (“the tricked-out puppet-shape” Brethren 303): …

Bodha¹

form is sambodha = bodhi, viz. knowledge, wisdom, enlightenment, Buddhaship DN.iii.54 (variant reading sam˚); Dhs-a.217; in phrase bodhāya maggo Ja.i.67; Mil.244, Mil.289; and in …

Brāhmaṇa¹

a member of the Brahman caste; a Br teacher. In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure, sinless & ascetic life, often even syn. with arahant
■ On brāhmaṇas …

to say, tell, call; show explain DN.i.95; Snp.308 sq.; Dhp.383 sq.; Cp.vi.8; Mil.314, Mil.327
■ Constructed with double acc. or with dat of person & acc. of thing said (cp. Mil.233)
■ Forms: Pre …

aged, old DN.ii.162; Ja.i.164 (˚pabbajita one who has become an ascetic in his old age). Compar. buḍḍhatara Dhp-a.ii.239 (variant reading K.B.S. vuḍḍhatara).

for vuḍḍha, pp. …

Vyābādha & byābādha

oppression, injury, harm, hurting; usually in phrase atta˚ & para˚; (disturbing the peace of others of oneself) MN.i.89; SN.iv.339; AN.i.114, AN.i.157, AN.i.216; AN.ii.179-Also …

obstructed, opposed, hindered Snp.936 (aññam-aññehi b. in enmity with each other; = paṭiviruddha Mnd.408), Snp.938 (Snp.412 id.; Snp-a.566 = āhata-citta).

pp. of vy + ā + rundh; reading by˚ in …

covered, adorned with Vv-a.213 (rūpakāya byāvaṭa jana; variant reading byāgata).

the meaning (wrongly given as “adorned”) is to be deleted. The reading at Vv-a.213 is doubtful. It may be kāyavyāvaṭ …

to stand in array (like a troop) Vv-a.104 (byūhanto, variant reading brahmanto).

Denom. fr. byūha

Bāheti¹

to keep away, to keep outside, to ward off; only with ref. to pāpa (pāpaka) to keep away (from) sin SN.i.141 (bāhetvā pāpāni); Snp.519 = Cnd.464#a (bāhetvā pāpakā …

I. Crude meaning

1. a wheel (of a carriage) Dhp.1; Pv-a.65 (ratha˚); Mil.27.
2. a discus used as a missile weapon Ja.i.74; Pgdp.36; cp khura˚ a razor as an instr. of torture.
3. a disc, a …

Calaka¹

masculine a camp marshal, adjutant DN.i.51≈(in list of various occupations); AN.iv.107 sq.

Calaka²

neuter a piece of meat thrown away after having been chewed Vin.ii.1 …

ladle or spoon for sacrificing into the sacred fire Ja.vi.528#24 = Ja.vi.529#4 (unite ca with masa, cp. Ja.vi.529#9 and n. 4: aggijuhana-kaṭacchu-sankhātimasañca [for camasañ ca] variant reading B<s …

1. skin, hide, leather Vin.i.192 (sīha˚ vyaggha˚ dīpi˚), Vin.i.196 (elaka˚ aja˚ miga˚) AN.iv.393 (sīha˚ dīpi˚); Pv-a.157 (kadalimiga˚ as rug) Ja.ii.110 (sīha˚); Ja.iii.82, Ja.iii.184; Mil.53; Sdhp.14 …

the moon (i.e. the shiner) SN.i.196; SN.ii.206; MN.ii.104; AN.i.227 AN.ii.139 sq.; AN.iii.34; Dhp.413; Snp.465, Snp.569, Snp.1016; Ja.iii.52 Ja.vi.232; Pv.i.12#7; Pv.ii.6#6; Vv.64#7 (maṇi˚ a shiny jew …

noun adjective

1. the act of going about, walking; one who walks or lives (usually -˚): oka˚ living in water MN.i.117; Ja.vi.416; antara˚ SN.iv.173; eka˚ solitary Snp.166; saddhiṃ˚ a companion Snp.4 …

cariyā (f.) (mostly-˚) conduct, behaviour, state of, life of. Three cariyās at Pts.i.79; six at Vism.101; eight at Pts.ii.19 sq., Pts.ii.225 & four sets of eight in detail at Cnd.237^b. Ver …

…DN.ii.18; DN.iii.144, DN.iii.172.

Sk. catvāriṃśat

…catvārah (m.) catvāri (nt.) fr. *qṷetuor, *qṷetur = Gr. τέτταρες (hom πίσυρες), Lat. quattuor, Goth. fidwōr, Ohg….

cloth, esp. clothes worn, garment, dress AN.i.206; Pv.ii.12#7 (kañcanā˚ for kañcana˚); Pv.iii.9#3 (for veḷa); dhāti˚ baby’s napkin Ja.iii.539. In simile of one whose clothes are on fire (āditta˚ + ād …

Cinteti & ceteti

Forms

1. cint:
   pres cinteti
   pot cinteyya;
   ppr cintento & cintayanto (Snp.834)
   aor cintesi, 3rd pl. cintesuṃ (Ja.i.149), acintayuṃ (Snp.258)
   ger ci …

…Vism.416. -dvārika entering through six doors (i.e. the senses) Dhp-a.iv.221 (taṇhā)….

anything that covers, protects or hides, viz. a cover, an awning DN.i.7≈ (sa-uttara˚ but ˚chadana at DN.ii.194)
■ a veil in phrase vivaṭacchada “with the veil lifted” thus …

adjective immovable, rigid; terrified, paralysed with fear SN.i.219; MN.i.19; Ja.iv.310 (variant reading jambhī, here with ref. to one who is bound (stiff with ropes (pāsasatehi chambhī) which is howe …

1. impulse, excitement; intention, resolution, will desire for, wish for, delight in (c. loc.). Explained at Vism.466 as “kattu-kāmatāy” adhivacanaṃ; by Dhtp.587 & Dhtm.821 as; chand = icchāyaṃ …

voluntary collection (of alms for the Sangha), usually as -ṃ saṃharati to make a vol. coll. Vin.iv.250; Ja.i.422; Ja.ii.45, Ja.ii.85 (saṃharitvā variant reading BB; text sankaḍḍhitvā), Ja.ii.196, J …

adjective having zeal, endeavouring usually as a˚; without (right) effort, & always comb^d w. anādara & assaddha Pp.13; Vb.341; Pv-a.54 (variant reading), Pv-a.175.

see chanda

…covered Ja.iv.293 (vāri˚); Ja.vi.432 (padara˚, ceiling); Thag-a.257. 2. thatched (of a hut) Snp.18. 3. concealed, hidden secret…

…Vism.416. -dvārika entering through six doors (i.e. the senses) Dhp-a.iv.221 (taṇhā)….

to cut off, to destroy, to remove, both lit. (bandhanaṃ, pāsaṃ, pasibbakaṃ, jīvaṃ, gīvaṃ, sīsaṃ hatthapāde, etc.) and fig. (taṇhaṃ, mohaṃ, āsavā saṃyojanāni, vicikicchaṃ, vanathaṃ, etc.) Freq. in …

cut off, destroyed Vin.i.71 (acchinna-kesa with unshaven hair); MN.i.430; DN.ii.8 (˚papañca); Ja.i.255; Ja.ii.155; Ja.iv.138; Dhp.338; Pv.i.11#2 (variant reading for bhinna), Pv.i.11#6; Dhp-a.iv.48. …

Cinteti & ceteti

Forms

1. cint:
   pres cinteti
   pot cinteyya;
   ppr cintento & cintayanto (Snp.834)
   aor cintesi, 3rd pl. cintesuṃ (Ja.i.149), acintayuṃ (Snp.258)
   ger ci …

only-˚: thinking of, having one’s thoughts on AN.i.102 (duccintita˚ & su˚); Snp.174 (ajjhatta˚; variant reading B. ˚saññin) Snp.388; Ja.iii.306 = Ja.iv.453 Ja.v.176 = Ja.v.478; Mil.92.

adj. to cintā

Citta¹ & Citra

adjective variegated, manifold, beautiful; tasty, sweet, spiced (of cakes), Ja.iv.30 (geṇḍuka); Dhp.171 (rājaratha); Vv.47#9; Pv.ii.11#2 (aneka˚); Pv.iv.3#13 (pūvā = madhurā …

of citta¹, more various, more varied. SN.iii.151 sq
■ a punning passage, thus: by the procedure (caraṇa) of mind (in the past) the present mind (citta) is still more varied. Cp. SA in loc …

painted, variegated, varied, coloured or resplendent with (-˚) SN.iii.152 (sic l. for cittatā) So SN-a, which, on p. 151, reads citten’ eva cittitaṃ for cintitaṃ. Thag.736; Thag.2, Thag.390 (su˚); …

reproof, exhortation DN.i.230; DN.iii.218; AN.iii.352; Vin V.158, 159; Vism.276
■ As ttg in codan’ atthe nipāto an exhortative particle Ja.vi.211 (for ingha); Vv-a.237 (id.); Pv-a.88 variant rea …

Culla & cūḷa

adjective small, minor (opp mahā great, major), often in conn. with names & titles of books, e.g. c˚ Anāthapiṇḍika = A jr. Ja.ii.287, cp Anglo-Indian chota sahīb the younger gentleman ( …

…(rakkhita-gopitesu).

• -vāritta manner of acting & avoiding Ja.iii.195, cp Thag.591; Vism.10. See on their mutual relation…

cricket AN.iii.397 (variant reading cīrikā). Cp. on word-formation pipiḷikā & Mod. Gr.; τσίτσικος cricket.

cp. Sk. cīrī & jhillikā a cricket, cīrilli a sort of large fish

the (upper) robe of a Buddhist mendicant C. is the first one of the set of 4 standard requisites of a wandering bhikkhu, vir. c˚, piṇḍapāta alms-bowl, *[senāsana](/define/senās …

Culla & cūḷa

adjective small, minor (opp mahā great, major), often in conn. with names & titles of books, e.g. c˚ Anāthapiṇḍika = A jr. Ja.ii.287, cp Anglo-Indian chota sahīb the younger gentleman ( …

-D-

euphonic consonant inserted to avoid hiatus:

1. orig. only sandhi-cons. in forms ending in t & d (like tāvat kocid, etc.) & thus restored in compounds where the simplex has lost it:
   dvip …

? indeclinable = daddabhaṃ; a certain noise (of a falling fruit) Ja.iii.77 (variant reading duddabha = daddabha).

heavy, indistinct noise, a thud Ja.iii.76 (of the falling of a large fruit), variant reading duddabhayasadda to be regarded as a Sk. gloss = dundubhyaśabda. See also dabhakka.

onomatop.

Daddula¹

a cert. kind of rice DN.i.166; MN.i.78, MN.i.343; AN.i.241, AN.i.295; AN.ii.206; Pp.55.

Daddula²

neuter in nahāru˚ (variant reading dala & dadalla) both at MN.i.188 ( …

to give, etc.

I. Forms

The foll. bases form the Pāli verb-system: dā, dāy, dadā & di.

1. Bases dā & (reduced); da
   1. dā˚: fut. dassati Ja.i.113, Ja.i.279 Ja.i …

Dasa¹

the number ten; gen dasannaṃ (Dhp.137); instr. dasahi (Kp iii.) & dasabhi (Vin.i.38). In compounds (-˚) also as ḷasa (soḷasa 16) rasa (terasa 13; pannar˚ 15; aṭṭhār˚ 18).

I. *M …

*Dassati¹

to see, to perceive.

1. (pres.) base dakkh [Sk. drakṣ]: pres.
   1. dakkhati Cnd.428 (= passati), 1st dakkhāmi ibid. (= passāmi) second dakkhasi SN.i.11 …

Datta¹

given (-˚ by; often in Np. as Brahmadatta, Deva-datta = Theo-dor. etc.) Snp.217 (para˚ = Snp-a.272 (variant reading dinna).

pp. of dadāti

Datta²

adjective noun stu …

Daḍḍhi˚

making firm, strengthening, in; kayādaḍḍhi-bahula strengthened by gymnastics, an athlete Ja.iii.310 (variant reading daḷhi˚), Ja.iv.219 (variant reading distorted kādaḷiphahuna).

not with …

ra; (on ṇ: l cp. guṇa: guḷa etc.) to *del as in Sk. dala, dalati. Cp. Lat. dolare to cut, split, work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.δαίδαλον work of art; Mhg. zelge twig; zol a stick Possibly also …

(= dvejjha, see dvi B i.5] divided, in a˚; undividedness Ja.iii.7 (com. abhejja), Ja.iii.274 = Ja.iv.258 (dhanuṃ a ˚ṃ karoti to get the bow ready, variant reading BB. sarejjhaṃ C ex …

point, part, place, region, spot, country, Vin.i.46; Vin.ii.211; MN.i.437; Ja.i.308; Dhs-a.307 (˚bhūta); Pv-a.78 (˚antara prob. to be read dos˚), Pv-a.153 Kp-a.132, Kp-a.227
■ desaṃ karoti to …

kind of kettle-drum DN.i.79 (variant reading dindima); Cnd.219 (˚ka, variant reading dind˚); Ja.i.355; (= paṭaha-bheri); Ja.v.322 = Ja.vi.217 Ja.vi.465 = Ja.vi.580.

Sk. diṇḍima, cp. dindima

Dhamma¹

masculine & rarely neuter constitution etc.

A. Definitions by Commentators

Bdhgh gives a fourfold meaning of the word dhamma (at DN-a.i.99; Dhp-a.i.22), viz. 1 guṇe ( …

noun adjective destroying, bringing to ruin, only in kula˚ as variant reading to kula-gandhana (q.v.) at Iti.64, and in dhaṃsanatā at Dhp-a.iii.353 in explⁿ of dhaṃsin (q.v.).

Sk. dharṣana

Dhi¹ & Dhī

indeclinable an exclⁿ of reproach & disgust: fie! shame! woe! (with acc. or gen.) SN.v.217 (read dhī taṃ for dhītaṃ); Dhp.389 (dhī = garahāmi Dhp-a.iv.148); Ja.i.507 …

adjective noun

1. purified MN.i.386; Snp.351, Snp.786, Snp.813, Snp.834 (= dhutakilesa Snp-a.542); Ja.iii.160 (˚sākha = patthaṭasākha Com.; variant reading BB vena˚); Mnd.77 = Mnd.176 (: dhonā vucca …

1. ceremonial washing of the bones of the dead DN.i.6; aṭṭhi-dhovana Bdhgh at DN-a.i.84; AN.v.216 (see Commentary at 364).
2. Surgical washing of a wound Ja.ii.117.
3. In vaṃsadhopana apparently a …

to wash, cleanse DN.i.93 (dhopetha, imper.; variant reading B dhovatḥa), DN.i.124 (dhopeyya; variant reading B. dhoveyya).

a variant of dhovati, taken as Caus. formation

1. a yoke, a pole, the shaft of a carriage Ja.i.192 (purima-sakaṭa˚) Ja.i.196; Cp.ii.8, Cp.ii.4.
2. (fig.) a burden, load, charge, office, responsibility Snp.256 (vahanto porisaṃ dh ˚ṃ “carrying a hu …

adjective stable, constant, permanent; fixed, regular certain, sure DN.i.18; SN.i.142; SN.iv.370; AN.ii.33; Ja.i.19 Ja.v.121 (˚sassataṃ maraṇaṃ); Ja.iii.325; Bv.ii.82; Mil.114 (na tā nadiyo dh-salilā …

adjective wealthy, rich, abundant in (-˚) Ja.iii.367 (pahūtadhana˚; variant reading BB ˚dhāritaṃ); (nt.) riches, wealth Ja.v.99, Ja.v.100.

Sk. dhānya, cp. dhañña²

…DN.i.74 (udaka-rahado sītavāri˚); MN.i.281 (ubhato˚) Snp.336 (ukkā˚); Iti.101 (antimadeha˚), Iti.108 (ukkā˚). See also…

element. Closely related to dhamma in meaning B 1^b, only implying a closer relation to physical substance. As to its gen. connotation cp. Dhs. trsl. p. 198.

1. a primary element, of whic …

Dhītar & Dhītā

masculine & feminine daughter Thig.336 (in faith); Ja.i.152, Ja.i.253 Ja.vi.366; Pv.i.11#5; Dhp-a.iii.171, Dhp-a.iii.176; Pv-a.16, Pv-a.21, Pv-a.61, Pv-a.105 deva˚ a female deva …

Dhītar & Dhītā

masculine & feminine daughter Thig.336 (in faith); Ja.i.152, Ja.i.253 Ja.vi.366; Pv.i.11#5; Dhp-a.iii.171, Dhp-a.iii.176; Pv-a.16, Pv-a.21, Pv-a.61, Pv-a.105 deva˚ a female deva …

Dhūmāyati & Dhūmayati

to smoke, to smoulder, choke; to be obscured to cloud over MN.i.142 (variant reading dhūpāyati); Pv.i.6#4 (pariḍayhati + dh. hadayaṃ); Dhp-a.i.425 (akkhīni me dh. I see almost …

smoking, smouldering MN.i.143; Ne.24 (as variant reading to dhūpāyanā).

Dhūmāyati & Dhūmayati

to smoke, to smoulder, choke; to be obscured to cloud over MN.i.142 (variant reading dhūpāyati); Pv.i.6#4 (pariḍayhati + dh. hadayaṃ); Dhp-a.i.425 (akkhīni me dh. I see almost …

Disatā¹

feminine direction, quarter, region, part of the world Ja.iv.359; Pv.ii.9#21 (kiṃ disataṃ gato “where in the world has he gone?”); Vv.ii.3#2 (sādisatā the circle of the 6 direction …

broken, split, undone, torn, as neg. adiṇṇa unbroken DN.i.115 (so read for ādina-khattiya-kula; variant reading BB. abhinna˚); SN.v.74 (so read for ādīna-mānaso, variant reading BB. adinā & SS ād …

Diṭṭha¹

1. seen; a˚ not seen DN.i.222 (a˚ + avedita asacchikata); MN.i.3 sq. (diṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhato sañjānāti); Snp.147 (diṭṭhā vā ye vā addiṭṭhā), Snp.995 (na me diṭṭho ito pubbe na ssuto… Sat …

view, belief, dogma, theory, speculation, esp. false theory, groundless or unfounded opinion

1. The latter is rejected by the Buddha as pāpa˚; (AN.iv.172) and pāpikā d. (opp bhaddikā: AN.v.212 sq …

fraud, cheating DN.ii.243 (variant reading dobbha = dubbha).

see dubbha

Dosa¹

corruption blemish, fault, bad condition, defect; depravity, corrupted state; usually -˚, as khetta˚ blight of the field Mil.360; tiṇa˚ spoilt by weeds Dhp.356; Pv-a.7; visa ill ef …

…Ja.vi.367; Mil.234, Mil.332; Vism.281; Sdhp.356.

cp. Sk. dauvārika, see dvāra

Du˚¹

(& before vowels dur˚) indeclinable

1. syllable of exclamation (= duḥ “bad, woe” (beginning the word du (j)-jīvitaṃ) Dhp-a.ii.6, Dhp-a.ii.10 = Pv-a.280, cp. Ja.iii.47; Bdhgh’s …

Dubbha & Dūbha

adjective deceiving, hurting, trying to injure Vin.ii.203 (= Iti.86 where dubbhe); Pv.ii.9#3 (mitta˚). adubbha one who does not do harm, harmless Pv.ii.9#8 (˚pāṇin = ahiṃsakahattha). …

Dubbhati & dūbhati

to injure, hurt, deceive; to be hostile to, plot or sin against (either w. dat. Ja.v.245; Ja.vi.491, or w. loc Ja.i.267; Ja.iii.212) SN.i.85 (ppr. adubbhanto), SN.i.225; Iti.86 (du …

kettle-drum, in; Amata˚; the drum of Nibbāna Vin.i.8 = MN.i.171 (dundubhi at the latter passage); Pv-a.189 (variant reading for dundubhi).

another form of dundubhi, cp. duddabha & dundubhya

adjective noun

1. (adj. unpleasant, painful, causing misery (opp. sukha pleasant Vin.i.34; Dhp.117. Lit. of vedanā (sensation) MN.i.59 (˚ṃ vedanaṃ vediyamāna, see also below iii.1 …

kettle-drum, the noise of a drum, a heavy thud, thunder (usually as deva in the latter meaning) Pv.iii.3#4; Ja.vi.465; Pv-a.40, Pv-a.189 (variant reading dudrabhi)
■ Amata˚ the drum of Nibbāna MN …

number two.

A. Meanings

I. Two as unit

1. with objective foundation:
   1. denoting a combination (pair, couple) or a repetition (twice). In this conn. frequent both objective …

(-˚) adjective referring or belonging to the door of-; in cha ˚ā taṇhā, craving or fever, arising through the 6 doors (of the senses) Dhp-a.iv.221, & kāya˚
■ saṃvara control over the “bodily” d …

1. giving, dealing out, gift; almsgiving liberality, munificence; especially a charitable gift to a bhikkhu or to the community of bhikkhus, the Sangha (cp. deyyadhamma & yañña). As such it constitute …

adjective in piṇḍa˚, a cert. rank in the army (variant reading piṇḍa-dāyika) DN.i.51 = Mil.331 (DN-a.i.156: sāhasikamahāyodhā etc., with popular expl. of the terms piṇḍa & davayati).

adjective poor, miserable, wretched; base, mean, low DN.ii.202 (?) (˚māna; variant reading ninnamāna) Ja.v.448; Ja.vi.375; Pv.ii.8#2 (= adānajjhāsaya Pv-a.107), Pv.iv.8#1; Mil.406; Pv-a.120 (= kapaṇ …

Dubbha & Dūbha

adjective deceiving, hurting, trying to injure Vin.ii.203 (= Iti.86 where dubbhe); Pv.ii.9#3 (mitta˚). adubbha one who does not do harm, harmless Pv.ii.9#8 (˚pāṇin = ahiṃsakahattha). …

Dubbhati & dūbhati

to injure, hurt, deceive; to be hostile to, plot or sin against (either w. dat. Ja.v.245; Ja.vi.491, or w. loc Ja.i.267; Ja.iii.212) SN.i.85 (ppr. adubbhanto), SN.i.225; Iti.86 (du …

perfidy, treachery, Ja.i.412; Ja.iv.57 (variant reading dubhī); Ja.vi.59 (= aparādha).

cp. Sk. dambha, see dubbhati

Dūhana¹

neuter infesting, polluting, defaming; robbing, only in pantha˚; (with variant reading duhana) waylaying Ja.ii.281, Ja.ii.388; Tikp.280.

see duhana

Dūhana<s …

adjective far distant, remote, opp. āsanna (Ja.ii.154) or santika (Dhs.677; Vism.402)
■ Pv-a.117. Often in compounds (see below), also as dūri˚; e.g. dū …

adjective noun corrupting, disgracing, one who defiles or defames; a robber, rebel AN.v.71 (bhikkhunī˚); Ja.ii.270; Ja.iv.495; Snp.89 (kula˚ one who spoils the reputation of the clan); Dhp-a.ii.23 (k …

adjective noun masculine one. Eka follows the pron. declension i.e. nom. pl. is eke (e.g. Snp.43, Snp.294, Snp.780 etc.)

1. “one” as number, either with or without contrast to two or more; often al …

in eḷamūga deaf & dumb AN.ii.252; AN.iii.436; AN.iv.226; Mil.20, Mil.251 (cp. Mil trsl. ii.71). A rather strange use and expl^n. of eḷamūga (with ref. to a snake “spit …

shrub, a bush, usually together with latā, creeper; rukkha, tree, e.g. Cnd.235, i^d; Ja.i.73; Mil.268; Vism.182 (described on p. Vism.183). With dāya, w …

The three formations (described below in the etymology) are represented in Pāli as follows.

1. gacch˚, in
   pres gacchati;
   imper gaccha & gacchāhi;
   pot gacche (Dhp.46, Dhp.224) & gacchey …

speech, sentence Dhp.i.66, DN-a.i.66 f.; and on DN.iii.135 (§ 28); gada at SN.ii.230 (variant reading) in phrase diṭṭhagadena sallena is to be read diddhagadena s.

(and gahīta Dhp.311) adjective seized. taken, grasped DN.i.16; DN-a.i.107 (= ādinna, pavattita) Ja.i.61; Ja.iv.2; Pv-a.43 (variant reading for text gaṇhita)
■ nt a grasp, grip Dhp-a.iii.175
■ g …

the throat Ja.i.216, Ja.i.264 Ja.iii.26; Ja.iv.494; Ja.i.194 (a dewlap); Pv-a.11, Pv-a.104.

• -agga the top of the throat Sdhp.379;
• -ajjhoharaniya able to be swallowed (of s …

smell, viz.

1. odour, smell, scent in gen Ja.iii.189; Dhp.54–Dhp.56 = Mil.333; Dhs.605 under ghānâyatanāni); āma˚ smell of raw flesh AN.i.280; DN.ii.242; Snp.241 sq; maccha˚ the scent of fish Ja.iii. …

“goer” in gantā hoti he will go, he is in the habit of going, combined w. sotā hantā khantā, of the king’s elephant AN.ii.116 = AN.iii.161; variant reading for gatā at MN.ii.155.

n. agent of gacchati …

1. adj.
   1. lit. heavy, opp. lahu light, applied to bhāra, a load SN.iii.26; Ja.i.196 (= bhārika); Ja.vi.420; Dhp-a.i.48; Sdhp.494 (rūpagarubhāra the heavy load of “form”). Compa …

the body, pl. gattāni the limbs. - As body: Vin.i.47; SN.i.169 = SN.i.183 (analla˚ with pure bodies; anallīna˚ at SN.i.169, but variant reading analla˚); AN.i.138; Snp.673 (samacchida˚ with bodies cu …

1. a drop, i.e. a fall: see gaḷāgala.
2. a swelling, a boil (= gaṇḍa Ja.iv.494 (mattā gajā bhinnagaḷā elephants in rut, with the temple-swellings broken; expl. p. Ja.iv.497 by madaṃ gaḷantā); Snp.61 …

(and galati) [Sk. galati, cp. Ohg. quellan to well up, to flow out; see note on gala and cp. also jala water

1. to drip, flow, trickle (trs. & intr.) Vin.i.204 (natthu g.); MN.i.336 (sīsaṃ lohitena g …

1. a swelling, esp. as a disease, an abscess, a boil. Freq. in similes with ref. to kāma and kāya. Mentioned with similar cutaneous diseases under kilāsa (q.v. for loci). As epithet of kāya SN.iv.83 = …

(freq. spelled gaṇḍikā, q.v.) = gaṇṭhi, viz.

1. a knot, a tie DN-a.i.199 (catu-pañca-gaṇṭhik’āhata patta a bowl with 4 or 5 knots, similarly āṇi-gaṇṭhik’ āhata ayopatta Vism.108; but see *[āṇi](/ …

Gedha¹

greed. Its connection with craving and worldly attachment is often referred to. Kāmesu g˚ SN.i.73; Snp.152; AN.iii.312 sq. (gedho pañcann’ etaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ). gedhataṇhā …

greed, desire, jealousy, envy: gedhiṃ karoti (c. loc.) to be desirous after MN.i.330 -gedhikata in ˚citta (adj.) jealous, envious, ibid. As gedhikatā (f.) vanity, greed, conceit Cnd.585 (variant re …

˚Gha

adjective suffix to ghan killing, destroying, see hanati
■ iṇagha at Snp.246 is variant reading SS for iṇaghāta. Cp. paṭi & see also ghana² & ghāta.

Ghaṃsati¹

to rub, crush, grind, SN.ii.238; Ja.i.190 (= ghasituṃ? to next?) Ja.i.216; Ja.vi.331
caus ghaṃsāpeti to rub against, to allow to be rubbed or crushed Vin.ii.266. Cp. upani˚, pa …

see araghaṭṭa; meaning “rubbed, knocked against” in phrase ghaṭṭa-pāda-tala Snp-a.582 (for ugghaṭṭha) also at Vin.iv.46 in def. of vehāsa-kuṭī (a cell or hut with air, i.e., …

to strike, beat, knock against, touch; fig. to offend, mock, object to.

1. lit. MN.ii.4 (jannukena; text reads ghatteti, variant reading ghaṭeti); Snp.48 (= saṃ˚ Cnd.233); Ja.i.218; Pv.iv.10#9 (= paṭ …

Ghāyati¹

to smell, always with gandhaṃ; ger. ghātvā SN.iv.71, SN.iv.74 or ghāyitvā Ja.i.210 (jālagandhaṃ); Ja.iii.52 (macchagandhaṃ); Mil.347. Cp. sāyati & upagghāyati.

Sk. ghrāti & jighr …

greed, usually in compounds: ˚māna greed & conceit Snp.328; -lobha g. desire MN.i.360, MN.i.362 (see [a˚ and giddhilobhin](/define/a˚ and giddhilobhin)); Ja.v.343 Der. giddhikatā (f. abstr. = Sk. g …

I.

(sg.) heat, in special application to the atmosphere: hot part (of the day or year), hot season, summer; a summer month. Always used in loc. as a designation of time.

1. of the day: Vv-a …

adjective noun of summer, summerly, the summer season AN.iv.138 (+ hemanta & vassa); Snp.233 (gimhānamāse); Vv-a.40 (variant reading). On terms for seasons in gen. cp. Mil trsl. ii.113.

orig. gen …

mountain; as a rule only in cpds, by itself (poetical) only at Vism.206 (in enumⁿ of the 7 large mountains).

• -agga mountain top, in giraggasamajja Name of a festival c …

(variant reading BB kinkamaka) a sort of ornament Ja.vi.590.

…in the woods Pv.ii.6#5; vāri˚ (in water) Snp.605 jala˚ (id.) Ja.ii.158 (opp. thala˚). Vesiyā˚ (etc.) associating with v. Vin.i.70

###…

ancestry, lineage. There is no word in English for gotta. It includes all those descended, or supposed to be descended, from a common ancestor. A gotta name is al …

Goṇa¹

an ox, a bullock SN.iv.195 sq.; Ja.i.194 Ja.iv.67; Pv.i.8#2; Pv-a.39, Pv-a.40; Vv-a.63 (for ploughing) DN-a.i.163; Dhp-a.iii.60. -sira wild ox Ja.vi.538(= araññagoṇaka).

The …

(goṭavisa Text) variant reading Ja.vi.225, part of a boat, the poop (expl. ib. p. Ja.vi.226 by nāvāya pacchimabandho).

Guḷa¹

to make into a ball, to conglomerate. Cp Sk. glauḥ ball; Gr. γλουτός; Ohg. chliuwa; Ger. kugel kloss; E. clot, cleat; also *gel with same meaning Sk. gulma tumour, gilāyu glandula …

adjective like a chain, or having a chain, (nt. & f.) a cluster, a chain in maṇi a string of jewels, a pearl necklace Ja.iii.184 (variant reading BB for ˚guḷa); Ja.iv.256; Vism.285 (+ muttā-guḷikā). …

swelling, pimple, pustule, blight, in cpd. guḷā-guṇṭhika-jāta DN.ii.55, which is also to be read at AN.ii.211 (in spite of Morris, prelim. remarks to AN.ii.4 whose trsln. is otherwise correct) = g …

to cover to veil, to hide; pp. guṇṭhita in paṃsu˚ covered with dust Pv.ii.3#5 (in Hardy’s conjecture for kuṇṭhita, q.v.) Also in cpd. paliguṇṭhita obstr …

(in meaning = guṇṭhita) one who is covered with or wrapped up in, only in ahi˚; a snake-trainer (like a Laocoon). See details under ahi or Ja.ii.267; Ja.iii.348 (text ˚guṇḍika); Ja.iv.308 (ahi-kuṇ …

collection of houses, a hamlet (cp. Ger. gemeinde), a habitable place (opp. arañña: gāme vā yadi vâraññe Snp.119), a parish or village having boundaries & distinct from the surrounding country (gāmo c …

Hasati & Hassati

1. to laugh, to be merry; pres hasati Bv.i.28; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.59; hassati Snp.328, Snp.829;
   ppr hasamāna is preferable variant reading …

Hasati & Hassati

1. to laugh, to be merry; pres hasati Bv.i.28; Mhvs.35, Mhvs.59; hassati Snp.328, Snp.829;
   ppr hasamāna is preferable variant reading …

1. hand DN.i.124; AN.i.47; Snp.610; Ja.vi.40
   ■ forearm Vin.iv.221; of animals SN.v.148; Ja.i.149; -pāda hand and foot MN.i.523; AN.i.47; Ja.ii.117; Pv-a.241; Dhp-a.iv.7. sahassa˚; thousand …

Haṃsa¹

bristling: see lomahaṃsa Snp.270 etc.

fr. haṃsati

Haṃsa²

1. a water-bird, swan SN.i.148; Snp.221, Snp.350, Snp.1134; Dhp.91, Dhp.175; Dhp-a.ii.170; Ja.ii.176 sq.; Snp …

Haṭa¹

taken, carried off Vin.iv.23; Ja.i.498. haṭa-haṭa-kesa with dishevelled hair SN.i.115.

pp. of harati

Haṭa²

a kind of water-plant, Pistia stratiotes DN.i.166; MN.i. …

(function of) offering; aggi˚; the sacrificial fire Snp-a.436 (variant reading BB ˚hutta).

Vedic hotra

gold AN.i.215; AN.iv.255, AN.iv.258, AN.iv.262 (where T reads haṭaka, with sātaka as variant reading at all passages); Thig.382; Ja.v.90.

cp. Sk. hāṭaka, connected with hari; cp. …

adjective menial; a retainer, in the phrase muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā (kiṇhā) bandhupādāpaccā DN.i.90 (variant reading SS imbha T. kiṇhā, variant reading kaṇhā), DN.i.91, DN.i.103; MN.i.334 (ki …

There is no single word in English for Iddhi, as the idea is unknown in Europe. The main sense seems to be ʻpotency’.

1. Pre-Buddhistic; the Iddhi of a layman The four Iddhis of a king are personal …

variant reading for allīyituṃ at Ja.v.154.

A. On term

Indriya is one of the most comprehensive & important categories of Buddhist psychological philosophy & ethics meaning “controlling principle, directive force, élan, δύναμις” in t …

(nt. m.)

1. (nt.) archery (as means of livelihood & occupation) MN.i.85; MN.iii.1; SN.i.100 (so read with variant reading; T has issatta, C. explains by usu-sippaṃ K. S. p. 318); Snp.617 (˚ṃ upajī …

Itara¹

adjective other second, next; different Dhp.85, Dhp.104, Dhp.222; Ja.ii.3; Ja.iii.26 Ja.iv.4; Pv-a.13, Pv-a.14, Pv-a.42, Pv-a.83, Pv-a.117. In repetition cpd. *[itarītara](/def …

indeclinable here, in this world (or “thus, in such a way”) only in cpd. -bhāv’ aññathā-bhāva such an (i.e. earthly existence and one of another kind, or existence here (in this life) and in anoth …

debt DN.i.71, DN.i.73; AN.iii.352; AN.v.324 (enumerated with baddha, jāni & kali); Snp.120; Ja.i.307; Ja.ii.388, Ja.ii.423; Ja.iii.66; Ja.iv.184 (iṇagga for nagga?) Ja.v.256; Ja.v.253 (where enumerate …

…ito˚, eka˚, kuto˚, khandha˚, jala˚ daratha˚, dāru˚, di˚, puthuj˚, pubba˚, yoni˚, vāri˚ saha˚, sineha˚.

adj
■ suffix from…

only in composition as a˚; not eating, abstaining from food. -ka one who fasts MN.i.245; -māra death by starvation Ja.vi.63 (= anāsaka-maraṇa; Fsb. has note: read ajuṭṭha˚?) ˚mārika AN.iv.287 …

leech Mil.407 (variant reading jalopikā).

Sk. *jalūkikā = jalūkā & (pop. etym.) jalankā (sprung fr. water), borrowed fr. Npers. ƶalū (?Uhlenbeck); cp. Gr. βδέλλα leech, Celt. gel; perhaps to gal i …

creature, living being:

1. sg. an individual, a creature person, man Snp.121, Snp.676, Snp.807, Snp.1023 (sabba everybody) Usually collectively: people, they, one (= Fr. on), with pl. of verb Dhp.249 …

inhabited country, the country (opp. town or market-place), the continent politically: a province, district, county DN.i.136 (opp nigama); DN.ii.349; AN.i.160, AN.i.178; Snp.422, Snp.683, Snp.995, Sn …

the knee Dhp-a.i.394. -ka DN.ii.17≈(in marks of a Mahāpurisa, variant reading ṇṇ); Ja.iv.165; Dhp-a.i.48.

cp. jaṇṇu(ka) & jānu

(jeti, jināti) to conquer, surpass; to pillage, rob, to overpower, to defeat
pres [jayati] jeti Ja.ii.3; jināti Snp.439; Dhp.354; Ja.i.289; Ja.iv.71
pot jeyya …

Jhāna¹

neuter literally meditation. But it never means vaguely meditation It is the technical term for a special religious experience reached in a certain order of mental states. It was or …

1. to set fire to, to burn, to cook Vin.iv.265; Ja.i.255, Ja.i.294; Dhp-a.ii.66; Pv-a.62.

2. to destroy, to bring to ruin, to kill (see Kern,

   Toevoegselen

   , p. 37 sq. Ja.iii.441 (= ḍahati p …

Jhāyati¹

to meditate, contemplate think upon, brood over (c. acc.): search for, hunt after DN.ii.237 (jhānaṃ); SN.i.25, SN.i.57; AN.v.323 sq. (+ pa,˚ ni, ava˚); Snp.165, Snp.221, Snp.425, …

desire for, covetousness Vb.353 (variant reading BB. nijigīsanatā); cp. Vism.29

n. abstr. fr. jigiṃsati

to desire, to wish to acquire, to covet Snp.700; Ja.ii.285; Ja.iii.172 (variant reading BB. jigissaṃ); Ja.iv.406 (variant reading SS. jihiṃ˚, BB. jigī˚); Ja.v.372; Ja.vi.268. As jigīsati Thag.1110. …

splendour, brightness, effulgence, light Ja.ii.353; Pv-a.122, Pv-a.137, Pv-a.198. The spelling juti at MN.i.328 (in combination gati + juti) seems to be faulty for cuti (so as variant reading give …

adjective brilliant, bright; usually fig. as prominent in wisdom: “bright.” distinguished, a great light (in this sense often as variant reading to jātimant) DN.ii.256 (ī); SN.v.24; Dhp.89 (= Dhp-a.i …

Jāla¹

neuter a net; netting, entanglement (lit. or fig.): snare, deceptíon (= māyā)

A. Lit

Cnd.260 (= suttajāla, a plaiting of threads); Snp-a.115 Snp-a.263 (= suttamaya) DN. …

Jāni¹

feminine deprivation, loss, confiscation of property; plundering, robbery; using force, ill-treatment DN.i.135 = AN.i.201 (vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā); SN.i.66 (hatajānisu), J …

to know.

I. Forms

The 2 Vedic roots jān˚ & jñā˚; are represented in Pali by jān˚ & ñā˚ (ña˚)

1. jān:
   pres jānāti
   pot jāneyya (Snp.781) & jaññā (AN.iv.366 …

Jātaka¹

neuter

1. a birth story as found in the earlier books. This is always the story of a previous birth of the Buddha as a wise man of old. In this sense it occurs as the name of one …

■ Instr. jātiyā (Snp.423) & jaccā (DN.ii.8; Ja.iii.395; Dhp.393); abl. jātiyā (SN.i.88) & jātito (by descent: DN.ii.8); loc. jātiyaṃ (Pv-a.10) & jātiyā (Pv-a.78).

1. birth, rebirth, possibility of …

Jīrati & Jīrayati

1. to destroy, bring to ruin, injure, hurt Vin.i.237 (jīrati); Ja.v.501 (variant reading BB for jarayetha, Com. vināseyya) = Ja.vi.375; Pv-a.57.
2. (cp. jīyati) to get old AN.iii.54 …

Jīrati & Jīrayati

1. to destroy, bring to ruin, injure, hurt Vin.i.237 (jīrati); Ja.v.501 (variant reading BB for jarayetha, Com. vināseyya) = Ja.vi.375; Pv-a.57.
2. (cp. jīyati) to get old AN.iii.54 …

living, means of subsistence, livelihood Pv-a.161. Spelt jīvāna (variant reading jīvino) (adj.) at Ja.iii.353 (yācana˚).

adjective variegated, spotted, striped; mixed, intermingled; in patches Vism.190. Of a cow (˚gāvī) Dhp-a.i.71 (˚go-rūpa) Dhp-a.i.99; of a calf (˚vaccha Ja.v.106; of a dog (˚vaṇṇa = sabala q.v.) Ja. …

adjective mean, miserly, stingy, selfish; usually explained by thaddhamaccharī (Pv-a.102; Dhp-a.iii.189, Dhp-a.iii.313), and mentioned with *[maccharī](/define/maccharī …

A square copper coin MN.ii.163; AN.i.250; AN.v.83 sq. Vin.ii.294; Vin.iii.238; Dhs-a.280 (at this passage included under rajataṃ, silver, together with loha-māsaka, dārumāsaka and jatu-māsaka); S …

…DN-a.i.40, explained as vārikiñjakkha Pv-a.77.

1. lotus, the lotus flower, Nelumbium Ja.i.146; DN-a.i.40; Mhbv.3; Sdhp.325; Vv-a.43,…

adjective rich in lotus, covered with lotuses (of a pond) in kamalinī-kāmuka “the lover of lotuses,” epithet of the Sun Mhbv. 3 (variant reading ˚sāmika perhaps to be preferred).

fr. kamala

the doing, deed, work orig. meaning (see karoti) either building (cp. Lit kùrti, Opr. kūra to build) or weaving, plaiting (still in mālākamma and latā˚ “the intertwining of garland …

Kamyatā (-˚) & kammatā

(Nd) wish, desire, longing for, striving after; with inf. or equivalent kathetu˚ Vv-a.18; muñcitu˚ (+ paṭisankhā) Pts.i.60 Pts.i.65; Bdhd 123; asotu˚, adaṭṭhu˚ and adassana˚ …

Kamyatā (-˚) & kammatā

(Nd) wish, desire, longing for, striving after; with inf. or equivalent kathetu˚ Vv-a.18; muñcitu˚ (+ paṭisankhā) Pts.i.60 Pts.i.65; Bdhd 123; asotu˚, adaṭṭhu˚ and adassana˚ …

1. variegated, spotted, blemished Ja.v.69 (˚vaṇṇa), said of the spotted appearance of leprosy
   ■ fig. inconsistent, varying AN.ii.187.
2. (nt. inconsistency, blemish, blot AN.iv.55; Vism.51
   ■ …

adjective (-˚) wishing for, desiring Dhs-a.365 (sādhu˚; variant reading ˚kāma); kamyā, abl. in the desire for, see next.

fr. kām

Kamyatā (-˚) & kammatā

(Nd) wish, desire, longing for, striving after; with inf. or equivalent kathetu˚ Vv-a.18; muñcitu˚ (+ paṭisankhā) Pts.i.60 Pts.i.65; Bdhd 123; asotu˚, adaṭṭhu˚ and adassana˚ …

Kamyatā (-˚) & kammatā

(Nd) wish, desire, longing for, striving after; with inf. or equivalent kathetu˚ Vv-a.18; muñcitu˚ (+ paṭisankhā) Pts.i.60 Pts.i.65; Bdhd 123; asotu˚, adaṭṭhu˚ and adassana˚ …

to cry, wail, weep, lament, bewail Dhp.371; Vv.83#12 Ja.vi.166; Mil.11, Mil.148; freq. of Petas: Pv-a.43, Pv-a.160 Pv-a.262 (cp. rodati)
■ In kāmaguṇā pass. urattāḷiṃ k MN.i.86 = Cnd. s.v.; AN.ii …

kaṇṇikāra Ja.iv.440; Ja.v.420; the difference stated at Ja.v.422 is kaṇi˚ = mahāpupphā kaṇṇi˚ = khuddakapupphā)

1. (m.) the tree Pterospermum acerifolium Ja.i.40; Ja.v.295; Ja. …

at Vin.i.203, is an error for kajjala, lamp-black, used in preparation of a collyrium (cp. J.P.T.S. 1887 167).

Kapalla

neuter

1. a bowl in form of a skull, or the shell of reptiles; see *[kapāla …

barber, hairdresser, also attendant to the king; his other function (of preparing baths) is expressed in the term nahāpaka (Pv.ii.9#37) or nahāpita (˚ā?) (DN-a.i.157) Vin. DN-a.i.344; DN-a.ii.182; …

adjective

1. (cp. kappa ii.1^a) according to rule, right, suitable, fitting, proper, appropriate (Pv-a.26 = anucchavika paṭirūpa) Ja.i.392; DN-a.i.9; Pv-a.25 Pv-a.141
   ■ a˚; not r …

1. a tortoiseor turtle-shell SN.i.7 = Mil.371; SN.iv.179; as ornament at DN-a.i.89.
2. the skull, cp. kaṭāha in sīsakaṭāha.
3. a frying pan (usually as ayo˚, of iron, e.g. AN.iv.70 Cnd.304#iii; Vv- …

female elephant Ja.ii.343; Dhp-a.i.196 (variant reading for kaṇeru).

fr. kareṇu

v. irreg. Of the endless variety of forms given by grammarians only the foll. are bona fide and borne out by passages from our texts (when bracketed found in gram. works only).

I. Act

1. I …

1. (adj.) bad, nasty; bitter, acrid; insipid, disgusting AN.i.72; Ja.ii.96; Ja.ii.159.
2. (m.)
   1. fault, vice, defect MN.i.281; Pts.ii.87
   2. leavings, dregs Vv-a.288 (variant reading sakaṭa) …

plant, shrub Snp-a.284 (variant reading kaṃsīruka for kiṃsuka?) See also kaṭeruha.

etym. connected with Sk. kaseru backbone?

husbandman, cultivator, peasant, farmer, ploughman DN.i.61 (k˚ gahapatiko kārakārako rāsi-vaḍḍhako); AN.i.241; AN.i.229, AN.i.239 (the three duties of a farmer); SN.i.172 = Snp.76; SN.iii.155 (varian …

(& sometimes; kaṭa) done, worked, made. Extremely rare as v. trs. in the common meaning of E. make, Ger. machen, or Fr. faire (see the cognate kapp and jan, also uppajjati & viss …

gratefulness (defined at Kp-a.144 as katassa jānanatā) Snp.265; Ja.i.122 (T. ˚nā variant reading ˚tā); Ja.iii.25; Pv.ii.9#7; Vv-a.63; Sdhp.497, Sdhp.540. In combination with *[kataveditā](/define/ka …

kettle, cooking pot; in daṇḍa˚ (a pot with a handle) Vin.i.286 (variant reading kathālaka), and meda˚ AN.iv.377; Dhp-a.ii.179.

fr. kuth, to boil

(& -kattika) Name of a month (Oct
■ Nov.), during which the full moon is near the constellation of Pleiades It is the last month of the rainy season, terminating on the full moon day of Kattikā ( …

1. the panels of the door, the door proper, not the aperture Vin.ii.114, Vin.ii.120, Vin.ii.207, Vin.ii.208 (see Vin.ii.148 for the description of a door), Vin.iv.269, Vin.iv.304 (˚baddha = āvasatha); …

(cp. kaḍamba, kalamba) a mark used to keep the interstices between the threads of the kaṭhina even, when being woven Vin.ii.116, Vin.ii.317 (variant reading kaḷimpaka).

(cp. kaḍamba, kalamba) a mark used to keep the interstices between the threads of the kaṭhina even, when being woven Vin.ii.116, Vin.ii.317 (variant reading kaḷimpaka).

kind of large (female) elephant MN.i.178 (so read with variant reading for kāḷ˚). Cp. kalāra.

fr. last, lit. with protruding teeth

young elephant Ja.ii.342; Ja.iv.49; Ja.v.39, Ja.v.50, Ja.v.416; Ja.vi.497; Dhp-a.i.196 (variant reading kareṇukā) -f. -kā MN.i.178
■ See also kareṇu.

Derivation uncertain, …

1. a corner, an angle Vin.i.48, Vin.i.286; Ja.i.73; Ja.iii.42 Ja.v.38; Ja.vi.519; Pv-a.74; Dhp-a.ii.178; Dāvs ii.111- cīvara˚; the edge of the garment Vism.389. Freq. in cpd. catu˚; (catukkaṇṇa …

1. throat AN.iv.131; Ja.v.448; Mil.152 (kaṇṭho ākurati, is hoarse); Pv-a.280 (akkharāni mahatā kaṇṭhena uccaritāni). The throat of Petas is narrow and parched with thirst: Pv-a.99 (k-oṭṭha-tālūnaṃ …

Kaṭa¹

a mat: see compounds & kaṭallaka.

• -sara a reed: Saccharum Sara, used as medicine Dhs-a.78.
• -sāra (Dhp-a.i.268) & *[sāraka](/define/sāraka …

an evil deed AN.iv.172 (variant reading = AN-a.744 kaṭanaṃ vuccati pāpakammaṃ).

from kaṭa, pp. of karoti

closeness, tightness close-fistedness, niggardliness. Explained as “the shrinking up of the heart,” which prevents the flow or manifestation of generosity. It occurs only in the stock phrase “vevicch …

an irrigated field, prepared for ploughing, arable land in its first stage of cultivation: kedāre pāyetvā karissāma “we shall till the fields after watering them” Ja.i.215; as square-shaped (i.e. mar …

1. ray, beam of light splendour, effulgence Thag.64; which is a riddle on the various meanings of ketu.
2. flag, banner, sign perhaps as token of splendour Thag.64. dhamma-k˚ having the Doctrine as …

bracelet, bangle Dhp-a.ii.220 (variant reading kāyura).

to adorn oneself with (acc.), to fondle, treasure, take pride in (gen.) MN.i.260 (allīyati kelāyati dhanāyati mamāyati, where dhanāyati is to be read as vanāyati as shown by variant reading SN.iii.190 …

lit. to wash (cp. pakkhāleti), slang for “to treat badly,” “to give a rubbing or thrashing (exact meaning problematic); only at Ja.iv.205 = Ja.iv.382: gale gahetvā khalayātha jammaṃ “take the rascal b …

(or khalikā f.) a dice-board, in khalikāya kīḷanti to play at dice (see illustr. in Rh. D. Buddh. India p. 77; Vin.ii.10; cp. DN.i.6 (in enumⁿ of various amusements expl. at DN-a.i.85 …

1. patience, endurance.
2. the earth (cp. chamā & see khamati) Ja.iv.8 (variant reading B. chamāya).

fr. ksam

I. Crude meaning

bulk, massiveness (gross) substance.

1. Esp. used
   1. of an elephant: the bulk of the body, i.e. its back SN.i.95 vāraṇassa Ja.iii.392; hatthi-khandha-vara-gata on th …

rule, power, possession; only in compounds:

• -dhamma the law of ruling, political science Ja.v.490 (is it khattu˚ = khattā˚?)
• -vijjā polity DN.i.9, condemn …

attendant, companion, charioteer, the king’s minister and adviser (Lat. satelles “satellite” has been compared for etym.) DN.i.112 (= DN-a.i.280, kh˚ vuccati pucchita-pucchita-pañhaṃ vyākaraṇa-sam …

the noise of hawking or clearing one’s throat: -sadda Vin.i.188; Dhp-a.iii.330; cp. khakkhaṭa (variant reading khaṭkhaṭa Divy.518 = utkāśanaśabda.

khāṭ-kata, making khāṭ; cp. kakkāreti

play, amusement, pleasure usually combined with rati, enjoyment. Var. degrees of pleasures (bāla˚, etc.) mentioned at AN.v.203; var kinds of amusement enumerated at Cnd.219; as expounded at DN.i.6 und …

hard skin, callosity Ja.v.204 (variant reading kiṇa).

cp. Sk. kiṇa

adjective

1. humpbacked Ja.v.426 (+ piṭhasappī); DN-a.i.148 (in combination with vāmana kirāta); f. Dhp-a.i.194, Dhp-a.i.226.
2. small, inferior, in kh˚-rājā a smaller, subordinate king Sdhp.453 …

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

milk, milky fluid, milky juice Vin.i.243; Vin.ii.301; MN.i.343 sq. = AN.ii.207 = Pp.56; AN.ii.95 (in simile with dadhi, navanīta, sappi, sappi-maṇḍa) DN.i.201; Dhp-a.i.98; enumerated with *[dadhi](/ …

1. (adj.) that which ought to be done, that which is to be performed; nt something to do Dhp-a.i.15. defined as kātabban ti kiccaṃ kiñcid eva karaṇīyan ti Kp-a.218; kattabaṃ karaṇīyaṃ Dhp-a.iii.452 …

1. to go short of, to be in want of (instr.) Dhp-a.ii.79; na piṇḍakena kilamati does not go short of food Vin.ii.15, Vin.ii.87; Vin.iv.23 sq.
2. to weary, to be wearied, tired, fatigued; to be in tro …

to tinkle Ja.v.206; (freq. fr. kili or den. fr. kilikilā; cp. kilakilā “shouting for joy” Avs.i.48 and in cpd. hāhākārakilakilā “shouting hā-hā and hail-hail” Avs.i.67 Mvu.iii.312 and Divy.459). See …

Kipillikā & Kipillaka

feminine & Kipillaka (nt.) an ant Snp.602 (kuntha˚) Dhp-a.i.360; Ja.iv.142 (kuntha˚); Ja.v.39 (tamba˚-˚āni) Mil.272
■ kipillaka Ja.i.487 (variant reading BB. for pillaka …

Kipillikā & Kipillaka

feminine & Kipillaka (nt.) an ant Snp.602 (kuntha˚) Dhp-a.i.360; Ja.iv.142 (kuntha˚); Ja.v.39 (tamba˚-˚āni) Mil.272
■ kipillaka Ja.i.487 (variant reading BB. for pillaka …

trifle, a small thing: yaṃ vā taṃ vā appamattakaṃ Snp.121; Snp.131; Pp-a 210 (iii.4). āmisa-kiñcikkha-hetu “for the sake of a little gain” AN.i.128 = Pp.29; at Pv.ii.8#3 as āmisa-kiñci-hetu (but …

…Ja.v.39; Vv.22#1
■ vāri˚ Pv.ii.1#20 (= kesara Pv-a.77) in combination with kesara Vv-a.12, Vv-a.111, Vv-a.175.

cp. Sk. kiñjalka &…

Name of a tree (creeper), lit. “whatever-like,” or “what do you call it,” i.e. strange tree (see kiṃ su & kiṃ 3), pop. name for the Butea frondosa SN.iv.193 (parable of the k.); Ja.i …

indeclinable a part., expressing the sound of a small bell: “tink” Dhp-a.i.339 (variant reading kiri; see also kili and note on gala).

adjective affected, excitable, infatuated Mnd.226 = Cnd.342 (variant reading kocaraka) = Vism.26 (variant reading korañjika).

fr. ku + raj or rañj, cp. rāga

hen variant reading (ti vā pāḷi) at Thig.381 for turiyā. See also Thag-a.255 (= kuñcakārakukkuṭī).

1. a sheath for a needle Ja.iii.282.
2. a bowl, container, or vessel for food Ja.i.349 (variant reading kesaka); MN.ii.6, MN.ii.7, (-˚āhāra adj. living on a bowl-full of food; also aḍḍha˚) Vism.263. …

Bauhinia variegata; a tree in the devaloka (pāricchattaka koviḷāra: k-blossom called p. Vv-a.174) AN.iv.117 sq.; Snp.44; Ja.iv.29; Vv.38#1 Dhp-a.i.270.

• -puppha the flower of …

Koṇḍa-

damaka (?) Ja.iv.389; also as variant reading B at Ja.ii.209.

cp. kuṇḍa

(variant reading B. koṇḍa) (?) a man of dirty habits Ja.ii.209. Ja.ii.210, Ja.ii.212.

1. to beat, smash, crush, pound Ja.i.478 Ja.vi.366 (spelt ṭṭh); Dhp-a.i.25 (suvaṇṇaṃ) 165.
2. to make even (the ground or floor) Vin.ii.291 (in making floors); Ja.vi.332.
3. to cut, kill Snp-a.178 ( …

Koṭṭhaka¹

neuter “a kind of koṭṭha,” the stronghold over a gateway, used as a store-room for various things, a chamber, treasury, granary Vin.ii.153, Vin.ii.210; for the purpose of keepin …

at Ja.ii.424 the variant reading khobheti (nāvaṃ) should be substituted. See also koṭṭeti.

1. bad doing, misconduct, bad character. Def. kucchitaṃ kataṃ kukataṃ tassa bhāvo kukkuccaṃ Vism.470 & Bdhd 24
   ■ Various explanations in Nd ii.on Snp.1106 = Dhs.1160, in its literal sense it is b …

1. the red powder of rice husks Vin.ii.280 (see Bdgh Vin.ii.328: kukkusaṃ mattikaṃ = kuṇḍakañ c’eva mattikañ ca).
2. (adj.) variegated, spotted Ja.vi.539 (= kaḷakabara Ja.vi.540; variant reading B. ukkusa).

hot ashes, embers SN.iii.177; Ja.ii.134; Kv.208 cf. trans. 127; with ref. to Purgatory SN.i.209; Ja.v.143 (˚nāma Niraya); Sdhp.194; Pgdp.24.

• -vassa a shower of hot ashes Ja.i.73 …

(variant reading BB. kukkuṭhaka) a kind of bird Ja.vi.539. Kern (

Toevoegselen

s. v.) takes it to be Sk. kukkuṭaka, phasianus gallus.

(nt.; but poetic pl. kulā Pv.ii.9#43)

1. clan a high social grade, “good family,” cp. Gr. (doric) φυά, Goth. kuni. A collection of cognates and agnates, in sense of Ohg. sippa, clan; “house” in sense …

nest DN.i.91 (= DN-a.i.257 nivāsaṭṭhanaṃ); SN.i.8; SN.i.224 = Ja.i.203 (a brood of birds = supaṇṇapotakā); Ja.iii.74 (variant reading BB), Ja.iii.431; Ja.vi.344; Dhp-a.ii.22.

1. a round jar, waterpot (= kulālabhājana earthenware Dhp-a.i.317), frequent in similes, either as illustrating fragility or emptiness and fullness: AN.i.130, AN.i.131 = Pp.32; AN.v.337; SN.ii.83; Mi …

(and kumagga) a wrong path (lit. and fig.) Mil.390 (+ kupatha); fig. (= micchāpatha) Dhs.381, Dhs.1003; Pp.22. Kummaggaṃ paṭipajjati to lose one’s way, to go astray. lit. Pv.iv.3#5 Pv-a.44 (varian …

(variant reading kururū) a badly festering sore DN.ii.242.

SN.i.66 should be replaced by variant reading koṭṭhuka.

tumult, excitement; Dāvs v.22; Dhp-a.iii.194 (variant reading kot˚). a˚; (adj.) unperturbed, not shamming Ja.i.387 (expl. by avikiṇṇa-vaco of straight speech) See also kotūhala.

• *-[maṅgala](/d …

adjective distorted bent, crooked, lame Pv.ii.9#26 (variant reading kuṇḍa; cp Pv-a.123. kuṇita paṭikuṇita an-ujubhūta); Dhp-a.iii.71 (kāṇa˚ blind and lame).

cp. kuṇi lame from *qer, to bend = G …

bending, in ahi-kuṇḍika (?) a snake charmer (lit. bender) Ja.iv.308 (variant reading S. guṇṭhika) see ahi and catu-kuṇḍika bent as regards his four limbs, i.e. walking on all fours …

Pv.ii.3#8 and kuṇḍita SN.i.197, both in phrase paṃsu˚, according to Hardy, Pv-a p.302 to be corrected to guṇṭhita covered with dust (see guṇṭheti) The va …

(variant reading S. kū˚; B. kulāvaka) a nest Ja.iii.74; variant reading at Dhp-a.ii.23 (for kuṭikā).

Kuṭṭa¹

powder. Sāsapa˚ mustard powder Vin.i.205; Vin.ii.151 (at the latter passage to be read for ˚kuḍḍa, cp. Vin Texts iii.171), Vin.ii.205.

cp. koṭṭeti, kuṭ; to crush, which is expl …

hot, sweltering (of uṇha) SN.iv.289 (variant reading kikita); molten (of tamba, cp. uttatta) Pgdp.33. See also kathati kuthati, ukkaṭṭhita & pakkuṭṭhita.

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

to desire.

1. Objective: pleasantness, pleasure-giving, an object of sensual enjoyment.
2. Subjective: (a) enjoyment, pleasure on occasion of sense, (b) sense-desire.

Buddhist commentators exp …

to desire, to crave

1. to crave for any object of pleasure: Thag.93; Ja.iii.154; Ja.iv.167 Ja.v.480.
2. to desire a woman, to be in love with DN.i.241; MN.ii.40; Ja.ii.226; Ja.v.425; Ja.vi.307, Ja.vi …

(-˚) adjective doing: yathāvādī tathākārī “as he says so he does” DN.iii.135, Snp.357; see for examples the various compounds as kamma˚, kibbisa˚, khaṇḍa˚, chidda˚ dukkaṭa˚, dvaya˚, paccakkha˚, pubba …

group, heap, collection, aggregate, body

Definitions and synonyms

Snp-a.31 gives the foll. synonyms and similes of kāya: kuṭī, guhā (Snp.772), deha, sandeha (Dhp.148 = Thag.20), nāvā (Dhp.3 …

Kāla & Kāḷa

Preliminary

1. dark (syn. kaṇha, which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack, misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application is the dark as opposed to light, and i …

Kūṭa¹

neuter a trap, a snare; fig. falsehood, deceit. As trap Ja.i.143 (kūṭapāsādi); Ja.iv.416 (explⁿ paṭicchannapāsa). As deceit, cheating in formula tulā˚ kaṃsa māna˚ “cheatin …

1. (the very freq. & ordinary meaning) to get, to receive, obtain, acquire.
2. (fig.) to obtain permission to receive an opportunity, etc., as “pabbajituṃ sace lacchāmi” if I am allowed to receive the …

Lagati & Laggati

to adhere to, stick (fast) to (loc.), to hang from Vin.i.202; Ja.iii.120; Dhp-a.i.131; Dhp-a.iii.298 (ppr. alaggamāna); DN-a.i.257 (for abhisajjati); aor. laggi …

Lagati & Laggati

to adhere to, stick (fast) to (loc.), to hang from Vin.i.202; Ja.iii.120; Dhp-a.i.131; Dhp-a.iii.298 (ppr. alaggamāna); DN-a.i.257 (for abhisajjati); aor. laggi …

? ship’s anchor (nāvā˚ Mil.377 (variant reading lagganaka), Mil.378.

fr. lag, with k for g, as lakuṭa: laguḷa etc. Would correspond to Sk. *lagnaka, cp. Trenckner Notes 62; Geiger,

Pali Grammar

§ 39#1

1. sign, characteristic mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark (cp. talisman), a distinguishing mark or salient feature, prop …

sail Ja.ii.112; Mil.378; Dāvs iv.42; Vism.137 (variant reading BB. lankāra).

for alankāra, lit. “fitting up,” cp. Hindī & Marāthī langara, Tamil ilankaran “in meaning anchor.”

see palambheti (to deceive, dupe) It may be possibie that reading lampetvā at AN.ii.77 (variant reading lambitvā) is to be corrected to lambhetvā (combined with *hāpetvā) …

adjective sour, acrid, astringent (of taste) Mnd.240; Cnd.540; Dhs.629; Dhs-a.320 (reads lapila, variant reading lampila; explained as “badara-sāḷava-kapiṭṭha-sāḷav’ ādi”); Mil.56 (reads *[ambila] …

(hattha) at AN.ii.165 is to be read (with variant reading) as lepagata, i.e. sticky (opp. suddha).

cutter, reaper Snp-a.148 (variant reading lāvaka). See lāvaka.

fr. lū

present, a bribe Ja.i.201; Ja.ii.186; Ja.v.184; Ja.vi.408 (gahita, bribes received); Dhp-a.i.269 (˚ṃ adāsi); Dhp-a.iv.1; Pv-a.209. The word is a word peculiar to the “Jātaka” literature.

• *-[khā …

one who makes marks (explained by Cy. as “lakkhaṇa-kāraka”) Ja.iv.364, Ja.iv.366 (ti˚ so explained by Cy. variant reading ni˚). See nillañchaka & cp; lañcana (ti˚).

fr. lañcha; doubtful

the tail of an animal Mhvs.6, Mhvs.6 (lāḷento langulaṃ; variant reading nangulaṃ) See also naṅgula & (concerning l → n); landhati (= nandhati); nalāṭa (for l …

1. writing, inscription, letter, epistle Ja.vi.595 (silā˚ inscription on rock) Mhvs.5, Mhvs.177 (lekhe sutvā); Mhvs.27, Mhvs.6; Mhvs.33, Mhvs.40 (˚ṃ vissajjayi) Dāvs 5, Dāvs 67 (cāritta˚); Mil.42; Snp …

1. smearing, plastering, coating over Vin.iv.303 (bāhira˚); Ja.ii.25 (mattikā˚).
2. (fig.) plaster, i.e. that which sticks, affection, attachment, etc., in taṇhā˚ the stain of craving, & diṭṭhi˚; …

clod of earth SN.v.146 = Ja.ii.59 (˚ṭṭhāna); Ja.i.19, Ja.i.175 Ja.iii.16; Ja.vi.405; Mil.255; Snp-a.222 (ākāse khitta, in simile); Vism.28 (translation “stone”), Vism.360 (˚khaṇḍ’ādīni), Vism.366 (co …

to lick; pres. lehati Ja.ii.44; aor. lehayiṃsu Pv-a.198 (variant reading for palahiṃsu). Cp. parilehisaṃ Vv.81#21 Vv-a.316; ger. lehitvā DN-a.i.136 (sarīraṃ); Vv-a.314. pp. …

the hair of the body (whereas kesa is the hair of the head only) DN.ii.18 (ekeka˚, uddhagga˚, in characteristics of a Mahāpurisa); SN.ii.257 (asi˚, usu˚, satti˚ etc.) AN.ii.114; Vin.iii.106 (usu˚ etc. …

to rob, plunder.

cp. later Sk. luṭhati to plunder, which is one of the dial. variants luṭh, lunṭh, loṭh of lul to shake. The Dhtp (474) & Dhtm (136) both give; ruṭh & luṭh; with meaning “upaghāte”

to fry or have fried Ja.vi.341 (variant reading lañc˚, lañj˚), Ja.vi.385 (lañchetvā; variant reading lañci˚, lañje˚).

fr. lāja

(lāmañjaka) neuter the root of Andropogon muricatus Vv.43#6 (variant reading ˚añc˚); Vv-a.186, (˚añj˚) 187.

cp. Sk. lāmajjaka

cutter, reaper Mil.33 (yava˚); Mhvs.10, Mhvs.31; Snp-a.148 (variant reading BB. for lavaka). Lavati & Laveti;

fr. lāvati

cutting Ja.v.45 (tiṇa-lāyana asi, sickle); Dhp-a.iii.285 (variant reading for dāyana).

fr. lāyati

adjective niggardly envious, selfish Pgdp.ii.49
■ maccharaṃ (nt.) avarice envy AN.iv.285; Snp.811, Snp.862, Snp.954 (vīta-macchara, adj.).

Vedic matsara & matsarin enjoyable; later period also “ …

Macchariya & Macchera

neuter avarice, stinginess, selfishness, envy; one of the principal evil passions & the maịn cause of rebirth in the Petaloka

1. macchariya: AN.i.95, AN.i.299; AN.iii.272; Dh …

Macchariya & Macchera

neuter avarice, stinginess, selfishness, envy; one of the principal evil passions & the maịn cause of rebirth in the Petaloka

1. macchariya: AN.i.95, AN.i.299; AN.iii.272; Dh …

honey Ja.i.157 sq.; Ja.iv.117; Dhp.69 (madhū vā read as madhuvā); Mhvs.5, Mhvs.53; Dhs-a.330; Dhp-a.ii.197 (alla fresh honey)
■ pl. madhūni Mhvs.5, Mhvs.31
■ The Abhp (533) also gives “wine fr …

(spurious); mageti to track, hunt for, trace out follow, seek MN.i.334 (ppr. magayamana); SN.ii.270 (pp maggayamāna); Thig.384 (cp. Thag-a.255 = pattheti) Ja.v.102 (where T. reads maggheyya, whic …

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

the earth (lit. Great One) Mhvs.5, Mhvs.266; Sdhp.424, Sdhp.472; loc mahiyā Mil.128; mahiyaṃ Dhs-a.62
■ Note. As mahī is only found in very late P. literature, it must have been re-introduce …

certain kind of plant Vin.i.196 (variant reading majjāru); doubtful whether designation (like Sk. mārjāra) of Plumbago rosea.

etym. doubtful

1. a bud (Hardy in Index to Vv-a gives “Mimusops elengi” after BR) Thig.260; Vv.45#26; Ja.i.273; Ja.ii.33; Ja.iv.333; Ja.v.207 (makuḷa), Ja.v.416 Vism.230 (ḷ); Vism.256 (paduma˚); Vv-a.177 (kaṇavī …

1. (churned) buttermilk Vin.ii.301 (amathita-kappa).
2. upset, mentally unbalanced state, disturbance of mind through passion conceit, etc. MN.i.486 (maññita +). Neumann trsl^s “Vermutung” …

Matta¹

adjective (-˚) “by measure,” measured, as far as the measure goes, i.e

1. consisting of, measuring (with numerals or similar expressions): appamatto kali Snp.659; pañcamattā sata …

Matteyya & metteyya

(adj.) reverential towards one’s mother, mother-loving DN.iii.74; Pv.ii.7#18 (= mātu hita Pv-a.104 variant reading mett˚). Spelling at DN.iii.72 is metteyya. It is difficult to …

Matteyyatā & mett˚

(f.) filial love towards one’s mother; always combined with petteyyatā DN.iii.145 (variant reading mett˚); Cnd.294 (mett˚), Dhp.332; Dhp-a.iv.33.

abstr. f …

adjective (˚-) made of clay, clay-; only in compounds:

• -kuṇḍala clay earring SN.i.79 (variant reading mattikā˚).
• -bhājana clay or earthenware vessel …

couch, bed Vin.iv.39, Vin.iv.40 (where 4 kinds are mentioned which also apply to the defⁿ of pīṭha, viz. masāraka bundikābaddha, kuḷīra-pādaka, āhacca-pādaka; same def< …

adjective crimson, bright red, fig. shining Vv.39#1 (cp. defⁿ at Vv-a.177: like the tree Vitex negundo, sindhavāra, or the colour of the Kaṇavīra-bud; same defⁿ at Dhs-a.317, …

1. a gem, jewel. At several places one may interpret as “crystal.” DN.i.7 (as ornament); Dhp.161; Ja.vi.265 (agghiya, precious). In simile at DN.i.76 (maṇi veḷuriyo). On maṇi in similes see J.P.T.S. …

the top part, best part of milk or butter, etc. i.e. cream scum; fig. essence of, the pick of, finest part of anything parisā˚; the cream of a gathering, the pick of the congregation, excellent cong …

Maṭṭa & Maṭṭha

wiped, polished, clean, pure

1. maṭṭa: DN.ii.133 (yugaṃ maṭṭaṃ dhāraṇīyaṃ: “pair of robes of burnished cloth of gold and ready for wear” trsl.); Vism.258 (variant r …

Maṭṭa & Maṭṭha

wiped, polished, clean, pure

1. maṭṭa: DN.ii.133 (yugaṃ maṭṭaṃ dhāraṇīyaṃ: “pair of robes of burnished cloth of gold and ready for wear” trsl.); Vism.258 (variant r …

fat SN.i.124; Snp.196; Ja.iii.484 (ajakaraṃ medaṃ = ajakara-medaṃ C.); Kp iii. (explained at Vism.262 as “thīnasineha” thick or coagulated fluid or gelatine); Vism.361 Vb-a.66, Vb-a.225, Vb-a.245, …

Medhaga & ˚ka

quarrel, strife Vin.ii.88 (˚ka) Thig.344; Snp.893, Snp.894 (= kalaha, bhaṇḍana, viggaha vivāda Mnd.302, Mnd.303), Snp.935 (T. ˚ka; Mnd.402 & Mnd.406 ˚ga with variant reading SS ˚ka); Dh …

Medhaga & ˚ka

quarrel, strife Vin.ii.88 (˚ka) Thig.344; Snp.893, Snp.894 (= kalaha, bhaṇḍana, viggaha vivāda Mnd.302, Mnd.303), Snp.935 (T. ˚ka; Mnd.402 & Mnd.406 ˚ga with variant reading SS ˚ka); Dh …

adjective having wisdom or intelligence, wise, only in compounds bhūri˚; of great wisdom Snp.1131; & su˚; [Ved. sumedhas] very wise Vv.22#2 (= sundara-pañña Vv-a.111); Pv.iii.7#7 (both combined …

cloud Pv.ii.9#45; Vism.126; esp. a thundercloud storm, SN.i.100 (thaneti), SN.i.154; Thag.307 (as kāḷa) Iti.66; Ja.i.332 (pajjunna vuccati megha); Dhp-a.i.19; Snp-a.27 (˚thanita-sadda). In this cap …

to be fat, to be full of fat; fig. to be in love with or attracted by, to feel affection (this meaning only as a “petitio principii” to explain mettā) Dhs-a.192 (variant reading mijjati = siniyhati). …

Matteyyatā & mett˚

(f.) filial love towards one’s mother; always combined with petteyyatā DN.iii.145 (variant reading mett˚); Cnd.294 (mett˚), Dhp.332; Dhp-a.iv.33.

abstr. f …

Matteyya & metteyya

(adj.) reverential towards one’s mother, mother-loving DN.iii.74; Pv.ii.7#18 (= mātu hita Pv-a.104 variant reading mett˚). Spelling at DN.iii.72 is metteyya. It is difficult to …

to love, to be fat: “mejjati mettā siniyhatī ti attho” love, amity, sympathy, friendliness, active interest in others. There are var. def^ns & explains of mettā: the stereotype “*metti mettā …

1. a wild animal, an animal in its natural state (see compounds).
2. a deer, antelope, gazelle Various kinds are mentioned at Ja.v.416; two are given at Cnd.509, viz. eṇi (antelope) & …

adjective

1. mixed (with: -˚); various Vin.i.33 (kesa˚, jatā˚ etc. = a mixture of, various); Thag.143; Ja.iii.95, Ja.iii.144 (udaka-paṇṇa˚ yāgu); Pv.i.9#2 (missā kiṭakā). nt. missaṃ as adv. “in a …

adverb opposite reciprocally, contrary Snp.825, Snp.882 (taken by Mnd.163 Mnd.290, on both passages identically, as n. pl. of adj. instead of adv., & expl^d by “dve janā dve kalaha-kāraka” …

to deceive, to befool, to take in, surprise, delude, aor 2^nd sg. amohayi Snp.352; 3^rd sg. amohayi SN.iv.158; Iti.58 (maccu-rājan; vv.ll. asamohayi & asamohari) reading somew …

or ˚ā feminine tumbling, turning somersaults, an acrobatic feat; in list of forbidden amusements at DN.i.6 (cp. DN-a.i.86; samparivattaka-kīḷanaṃ, i.e. playing with something that rolls along, conti …

chignon; crest, turban Ja.i.64; Ja.v.431; Mhvs.11, Mhvs.28; DN-a.i.136 (variant reading moḷi). Also found (as molin, adj.?) in Np Yama-moli: see under yakkha 5.

• -galla (?) …

Muñcana & Muccana

neuter

1. release, being freed, deliverance Ja.iv.478 (mucc˚); -ākāra (muñc˚) means of deliverance (dukkhato from ill) Dhp-a.i.267; -kāla time of release (dukkhā from suffer …

(˚añji˚) is probably the correct reading for puñcikatā
■ We find puñcikatā at Dhs.1136, Dhs.1230 Vb.351, Vb.361 (variant reading pucchañji˚); Dhs-a.365 …

Muddha¹

infatuated, bewildered, foolish Ja.v.436.

• -dhātuka bewildered in one’s nature, foolish(ly Ja.iv.391 (variant reading luddha˚); Dhp-a.iii.120 (variant read …

foolishness, stupidity, infatuation Ja.v.433 (variant reading muṭhatā, muddatā).

fr. muddha¹

joy, pleasure DN.ii.214 (variant reading pamudā); Sdhp.306, Sdhp.308.

fr. mud, see modati

1. the mouth Snp.608, Snp.1022 (with ref. to the long tongue, pahūta-jivha, of the Buddha or Mahāpurisa) Ja.ii.7; DN-a.i.287 (uttāna˚ clear mouthed, i.e. easy to understand, cp. DN.i.116); Pv-a.11, …

only in um & paṭi˚; (q.v.), and as variant reading at MN.iii.61.

pp. of muc, Sk. mukta, for the usual P. mutta; cp. Prk. mukka, Pischel, Prk. Gr. § 566

small drum, tabour DN.i.79; Vin.i.15; SN.ii.266 sq. (a famous mythological drum, called Ānaka; same also at Ja.ii.344); Ja.iv.395 (bheri +); Kp-a.49. Spelling mudiṅga at SN.ii.2 …

doubtful word occurring only in one stock phrase, viz. “ubhato-mukhā m. pūrā nānā-vihitassa dhaññassa” at MN.i.57 (vv.ll. putoḷi, mūṭolī) = MN.iii.90 (mūtoḷī) = DN.ii.293 (T. mutoli, variant reading …

pearl Vv.37#7 (˚ācita); Pv.ii.7#5 (+ veḷuriya); Mhvs.30, Mhvs.66. Eight sorts of pearls are enumerated at Mvu. 11, 14, viz. haya-gaja-rath’ āmalakā valay’anguli-veṭhakā kakudha-phala-pākatikā, i …

Muñcana & Muccana

neuter

1. release, being freed, deliverance Ja.iv.478 (mucc˚); -ākāra (muñc˚) means of deliverance (dukkhato from ill) Dhp-a.i.267; -kāla time of release (dukkhā from suffer …

I. Forms

The 2 bases muñc˚ & mucc˚; are differentiated in such a way, that muñc˚; is the active base, and mucc˚; the passive. There are however cases where the active forms (muñ …

adjective bald, shaven; a shaven, (bald-headed) ascetic, either a samaṇa, or a bhikkhu or (f.) bhikkhunī SN.i.175 (m. sanghāṭi-pāruta); Vin.iv.265 (f.); Snp.p.80 (= muṇḍita-sīsa Snp-a.402)
■ *ka …

(-pabbata) bare (mountain), uncertain T. reading at Vv-a.302 for variant reading SS muṇḍa- pabbata (q.v.).

indeclinable prohibition particle: not, do not, let us hope not, I wish that… not [cp Lat. utinam & ne]. Constructed with various tenses e.g.

1. with aor. (prohibitive tense): mā evaṃ akattha do …

or feminine? a kind of vessel, only in camma˚; leather bag (?) Ja.vi.431 (where variant reading reads camma-pasibbakāhi vālukādīhi), Ja.vi.432 (gloss c. pasibbaka).

of uncertain origin

garland, wreath, chaplet; collectively = flowers; fig. row, line Snp.401; Pp.56 Vism.265 (in simile); Pv.ii.3#16 (gandha, m., vilepana as a “lady’s” toilet outfit); Pv.ii.4#9 (as one of the 8 or 10 st …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) human Snp.301 (bhoga); Iti.94 (kāmā dibbā ca mānusā); Pv.ii.9#21 (m. deha); Pv.ii.9#56 (id.)- amānusa divine Vv.35#6; Pv.ii.12#20; ghostly (= superhuman …

1. to build, construct SN.ii.106 (nagaraṃ); Mhvs.6, Mhvs.35 (id.); Vv.84#53; Vv-a.260.
2. to create, bring about make or cause to appear by supernatural power (in folkoristic literature, cp. nimmināt …

mother
■ Cases: nom. sg mātā Snp.296; Dhp.43; Ja.iv.463; Ja.v.83; Ja.vi.117; Cnd.504 (def. as janikā); gen. mātu Thag.473; Vin.i.17; Ja.i.52 mātuyā Ja.i.53; Mhvs.10, Mhvs.80; Pv-a.31; and * …

citron Ja.iii.319 (= mella; variant reading bella).

cp. Class. Sk. mātulunga; dialectical?

cesspool SN.ii.228 (so read for T. piḷhakā; variant reading BB miḷhakā) See also piḷhakā. The trsl. (K.S. ii.155) gives “dungbeetle.”

fr. mīḷha; cp. BSk. mīḍha-ghaṭa

Na¹

expletive-emphatic particle, often used in comparative-indefinite sense just so, like this, as if, as (see cana & canaṃ) Ja.v.339 (Com. cttha na-kāro upamāne). Als …

…the stars Vv.81#1 (cando parivārito). nakkhattāni (pl.) the stars: nakkhattānaṃ mukhaṃ chando (the moon is the most prominent of the lights…

at Pv.ii.6#7 used either as interj. (= nanu, q.v.) or as voc. in the sense of “dear”; the first explⁿ to be preferred & n. probably to be read as nanu (variant reading nuna or; *[handa](/de …

shred rag, worn-out cloth, usually explained by jiṇṇapilotika (Ja.iii.22) or khaṇḍabhūtā pilotikā (Pv-a.185) or pilotika only (Vv-a.311)
■ SN.v.342; AN.iii.187; AN.iv.376 (˚vāsin as variant readi …

indeclinable

1. part. of affirmation (cp. na¹): surely, certainly Pv.ii.6#7 (so to be read for nanda? variant reading BB nuna); Manor. Pūr. on AN.v.194 (Andersen P. R. 91)
2. part. of inte …

night, acc. nattaṃ by night, in nattam-ahaṃ by day & by night Snp.1070 (variant reading BB and Cnd rattamahaṃ).

Sk. nakta, see nakkhatta

Nava¹

(num.) number nine. gen
■ dat. navannaṃ (Snp.p.87) instr
■ abl. navahi (Vv-a.76), loc. navasu.

Meaning and Application: The primitive-Aryan importance of the “mystic” nine i …

number number ninety Vv-a.345 & in compound eka˚; 91; DN.ii.2 (i.e. 92 minus 1; in expr. ekanavuto kappo, variant reading ekanavuti kappe); dvā˚; 92 (see dvi AN II. & B III.); Pv …

adjective rich, wealthy DN.i.136, DN.i.142 (read nevāsika cp. naivasika Mvu.iii.38); AN.v.149 (variant reading BB nerayika, Com. nevāsiko ti nivāsakaro).

fr. nicaya

adjective not one, several, many Snp.308; Vv.53#6 (˚citta variegated = nānāvidhacitta Vv-a.236), Vv.64#1 (id. = anekacitta Vv-a.275); Tikp.366.

Sk. naika = na eka, cp. aneka

golden ornament, a certain coin of gold SN.i.65; AN.i.181; AN.ii.8, AN.ii.29; Dhp.230 (= Dhp-a.iii.329 jambonada nikkha); Vism.48; variant reading at Vv.20#8, Vv.43#8.

Vedic niṣka; cp. nikkha

Neḷa & Nela

(adj.)

1. without fault or sin blameless, faultless; not hurting, humane, gentle merciful, innocuous DN.i.4 (Bdhgh explains: elaṃ vuccati doso; n’ assā (i.e. vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddos …

Neḷa & Nela

(adj.)

1. without fault or sin blameless, faultless; not hurting, humane, gentle merciful, innocuous DN.i.4 (Bdhgh explains: elaṃ vuccati doso; n’ assā (i.e. vācāya) elan ti nelā; niddos …

adjective

1. without forest, woodless Ja.ii.358.
2. an abstr. fr. nibbāna, see nibbāna I. cp. vana². Freq. nibbāna as variant reading instead of nibbana without cravin …

1. to unravel, untwist, unwind; to explain, make clear DN.i.54 (nibbeṭhiyamāna, variant reading BB nibbedh˚); Pv.iv.3#29 (˚ento = niveṭhīyamāna Pv-a.253 variant reading BB nibbedh˚) Mil.3; Sdhp.153. …

to get wearied of (c. loc.); to have enough of, be satiated, turn away from, to be disgusted with. In two roots:

1. vind: prs. nibbindati etc. usually in combination with virajjati & vimuccati; ( …

I. Etymology

Although nir + vā “to blow”. (cp. BSk. nirvāṇa) is already in use in the Vedic period (see nibbāpeti), we do not find its distinctive ap …

…Ja.vi.495; Pv.i.8#5 (vārinā viya osiñcaṃ sabbaṃ daraṃ nibbāpaye); Mil.304 (aggikhandhaṃ mahāmegho abhippavassitvā n.), Mil.318…

…[Sk niravāri] Ja.i.27 (mano n.: was refreshed), Ja.i.212 (aggi udake n.: was extinguished); Ja.vi.349 (cooled down). 2. to go…

(& variant reading; nicchādeti) to shake or throw about, only in phrase odhunāti nidhunāti nicchodeti at SN.iii.155 = MN.i.229 MN.i.374 = AN.iii.365, where S has correct read …

to throw out Ja.iii.512 (= nīharati Com.; variant reading nicchurāti); Mil.187
pp nicchuddha q.v.

Sk. *niḥkṣubhati, nis + khubhati or chubhati, cp. chuddha & khobha, also nicchodeti & upacchubhat …

variant reading BB at Snp.785 for nirassati (q.v.) Mnd.76 has nid˚ in text, nir˚ as variant reading SS; Snp-a.522 reads nirassati

1. description, attribute, distinction Pv-a.7 (ukkaṭṭha˚) -vatthu object of distinction or praise DN.iii.253; AN.iv.15 (where reading is niddasa, which also as variant reading …

adjective blown off, removed, cleaned, purified AN.i.254 (jātarūpa “loitered,” cp. niddhota); Snp.56 (˚kasāva-moha; Com vijahati); Dhp.236 (˚mala, malānaṃ nīhaṭatāya Dhp-a.iii.336); Cnd.347 (= vanta …

at Ja.iv.48 should probably be read niddhāpaye (as variant reading BB), q.v.

to throw out, chase away, expel Ja.iv.41 (niddhāpayiṃsu), Ja.iv.48 (? for niddhāmase). pp. niddhāpita.

Sk. nirdhāvayati, nis + dhāveti (dhāpeti), Caus. of dhāvati¹ …

adjective thrown out Ja.iii.99 (variant reading for nibbāpita).

pp. of niddhāpeti, q.v.

small town market town (opp. janapada); often combined with gāma (see gāma 2) Vin.i.110 (˚sīma), Vin.i.188 (˚kathā), Vin.i.197 (Setakaṇṇika˚); DN.i.7 (˚kathā), DN.i.101 (˚sāmanta), D …

adjective without acquisitions, i.e. poor Ja.ii.367 (variant reading BB. as gloss nirāhāra).

Sk. *nirgahaṇa, cp. nirgṛha homeless; nis + gahaṇa

adjective

1. going out, proceeding from (abl.): dahato niggatā nadī (a river issuing from a lake) Pv-a.152.
2. (= nigata? or = nis + gata “of ill fate”) destined, fateful; miserable unfortunate Pv\ …

having a bad “gati” or fate, ill-fated, bad, unfortunate, miserable Ja.iii.538 (variant reading BB as gloss, nikkāruṇika); Ja.iv.48 (variant reading BB nikatika).

Sk. *nirgatika, nis + gati-ka

destruction, killing, rooting out Snp.1085 (taṇhā˚; Snp-a.576 = vināsana); Cnd.343 (variant reading nighātana).

Sk. nirghātana, nis + ghātana, but cp. nighāta

(niggalati) to swallow down (opp. uggilati to spit out, throw up) Ja.iv.392 (sic as variant reading; text niggalati).

Sk. nigirati, ni + gilati

adjective noun one who rebukes, oppresses, oppressor Snp.118 (= bādhaka Snp-a.178, with variant reading ghātaka); Ja.iv.362 (= balisādhaka Com.).

ni + gāhaka, see niggaṇhāti

Nigha¹

(nīgha) adjective noun is invented by Com. & scholiasts to explain the combⁿ anigha (anīgha sporadic, e.g. SN.v.57). But this should be divided *an-ī …

an explained word or a word explⁿ, vocabulary, gloss, usually in ster. formula marking the accomplishments of a learned Brahmin “sanighaṇḍu-keṭubhānaṃ… padako” (see detail under keṭubha) …

(better variant reading nigāḷhita) sunk down into, immersed in Thag.568 (gūthakūpe).

Sk. nigāḍhita; ni + gāḍhita, see gāḷha²

to cover up, conceal, hide Ja.i.286; Ja.iii.392; Ja.iv.203; Pv.iii.4#3 (≈ parigūhāmi variant reading SS guyhāmi). pp. nigūḷha (q.v.).

Sk. nigūhati, ni + gūhati

washing, cleansing Vism.342 (variant reading nijj˚).

fr. nij

covetousness Vism.23 sq. (defined), Vism.29 (id. = magganā), referring to Vb.353 where T has jigiṃsanatā, with variant reading nijigīsanatā.

fr. last

to cut down, to cut up, cut off Pv-a.210 (piṭṭhi-maṃsāni the flesh of the back, variant reading SS for ukkant˚); Pgdp.29.

Sk. ni-kṛṇtati, see kantati²

adjective all, entire, whole Dāvs v.40 (˚loka variant reading sakala˚).

Sk. nikhila cp. khila

1. a golden ornament for neck or breast, a ring Ja.ii.444; Ja.vi.577.
2. (already Vedic) a golden coin or a weight of gold (cp. a “pound sterling”) equal to 15 suvaṇṇas (Vv-a.104 = suvaṇṇassa pañcada …

Nikkhameti & Nikkhāmeti

to make go out or away, to bring out or forth SN.ii.128; Ja.i.264 Ja.ii.112
pp nikkhāmita Ja.iii.99 (+ nicchuddha thrown out, in explⁿ of nibbāpita; variant re …

adjective gone out, departed from (c. abl.), gone away; also med going out, giving up, figuratively leaving behind, resigning renouncing (fusing in meaning with kanta¹ of kāmyati = desirele …

adjective liable to destruction, able to be destroyed, in dun˚; hard to destroy Ja.iv.449 (= dun-nikkaḍḍhiya Com.); also to be read (variant reading) at Thag.72 for dunnikkhama. Cp. nikhīṇa.

Sk. \ …

adjective laid down, lying; put down into, set in, arranged; in compounds (˚-having laid down = freed of, rid of DN.ii.14 (maṇi-ratanaṃ vatthe n. set into); Iti.13 (sagge: put into heaven) Ja.i.53, …

Nikkhameti & Nikkhāmeti

to make go out or away, to bring out or forth SN.ii.128; Ja.i.264 Ja.ii.112
pp nikkhāmita Ja.iii.99 (+ nicchuddha thrown out, in explⁿ of nibbāpita; variant re …

adjective without craving or lust, desireless Snp.1131 (= akāmakāmin Cnd.340 pahīnakāma Snp-a.605 with variant reading: nikkāma). Cp. next.

Sk. niṣkāma, nis + kāma

adjective noun one who marks cattle, i.e. one who castrates or deprives of virility Ja.iv.364 (spelt tilañchaka in text, but right in variant reading), explained as “tisūlâdi- …

adjective castrated Thig.440; written as nilicchita at Ja.vi.238 (variant reading BB as gloss niluñcita). explained by “vacchakakāla… nibbījako kato, uddhaṭabījo (p. 239).

Sk. …

adjective noun one who marks cattle, i.e. one who castrates or deprives of virility Ja.iv.364 (spelt tilañchaka in text, but right in variant reading), explained as “tisūlâdi- …

Nillāḷeti & Nilloḷeti

to move (the tongue) up & down SN.i.118; MN.i.109; DN-a.i.42 (pp. nillāḷita-jivhā); Dhp-a.iv.197 (jivhaṃ nilloleti; variant reading nillāleti & lilāḷeti) = Ja.v.434 (variant …

Nillāḷeti & Nilloḷeti

to move (the tongue) up & down SN.i.118; MN.i.109; DN-a.i.42 (pp. nillāḷita-jivhā); Dhp-a.iv.197 (jivhaṃ nilloleti; variant reading nillāleti & lilāḷeti) = Ja.v.434 (variant …

to wink DN.ii.20 (animisanto, not winking; variant reading BB animm˚; Ja.iii.96 (ummisati +). Cp. nimisatā.

Sk. nimiṣati, ni + misati

Nimmajjana (Nimmiñjana?)

a kind of (oil-)cake Vv.33#38 (nimmajjani = tilapiññāka Vv-a.147); Pv.i.10#10 (˚miñjana, variant reading BB ˚majjani); Pv-a.47 (doṇi˚).

*mṛd-yana? perhaps nonAryan

Nimmajjana (Nimmiñjana?)

a kind of (oil-)cake Vv.33#38 (nimmajjani = tilapiññāka Vv-a.147); Pv.i.10#10 (˚miñjana, variant reading BB ˚majjani); Pv-a.47 (doṇi˚).

*mṛd-yana? perhaps nonAryan

to crush, subdue humiliate; insult DN.i.92 (variant reading -maddeti; = DN-a.i.257 nimmadati nimmāne karoti), Dhp.93, Dhp.96.

either = Sk. nirmṛdayati (mṛd) or *nirmādayati to nirmada. free fr …

adjective noun

1. (adj.) bent down (cp ninnata), low-lying, deep, low, sunken Ja.ii.3 (magga) Pv-a.29 (bhūmibhāga), Pv-a.132 (ṭhāṇa); esp. freq. as-˚ bent on, inclining to, leading to, aiming at, …

1. (intrs.) to fall down, fly down, descend, go out Vin.ii.192 (Bhagavato pādesu sirasā n. bending his head at the feet of Bh.); Pv-a.60 (id.); Ja.i.278; Ja.v.467 (nippatissāmi = nikkhamissāmi Com. …

adjective free from prattle or talk, not talking AN.ii.183 (apalāpa + ; variant reading ˚palāsa).

nis + palāpa

Nippatati & Nipphatati

to fall out; rush out, come forth, go out from (c. abl.) Vin.ii.151 (nipphaṭati variant reading nippaṭati); Ja.v.467 (= nikkhamati Com.; or is it nipatati?)
ger nippacca (c …

adjective broken out, split open Ja.i.493 (lasī = nikkhantā Com.; variant reading nipphaḷita).

Sk. niṣphārita, pp. of nipphaleti, nis + phaleti

Nippatati & Nipphatati

to fall out; rush out, come forth, go out from (c. abl.) Vin.ii.151 (nipphaṭati variant reading nippaṭati); Ja.v.467 (= nikkhamati Com.; or is it nipatati?)
ger nippacca (c …

beating SN.iv.300 (variant reading ṭh.). Cp. nippothana.

nis + pothanā

adjective a bastard Ja.i.133 (variant reading nippītika q.v.).

Sk. *niṣpaitṛka = fatherless or *niṣprītika?

adjective

1. without men Pv-a.177.
2. without men, executed by females (female devas only (of turiyā = a female orchestra) Vin.i.15; DN.ii.21; Ja.v.506. Cp. Mvu.iii.165 (niṣpuruṣena nāṭakena & Avs.i …

to let fall, throw down into (c. loc.); bring to fall, injure; fig. cast upon, charge with DN.i.91; MN.i.453 (ayokaṭāhe); Ja.iii.359; Snp-a.272; Pv-a.152 (bhūmiyaṃ). pp. *[nipātita](/define/nipātita …

to be thrown out, to be expelled, to lose (with abl.) Ja.vi.502, Ja.vi.503 (raṭṭhā); variant reading BB nirajhati Com. ni(g)gacchati; Thig.93 (aor. nirajji ’haṃ = na jānim ahaṃ Thag-a.90. Kern (wrong …

to throw off, despise, neglect Snp.785, Snp.954; Mnd.76 (so read for nidassati, variant reading SS nir˚), Mnd.444; Snp-a.522
pp niratta².

cp. Sk. nirasyati, nis + assati, as to throw

purgatory, hell, a place of punishment & torture, where sin is atoned (i.e. kamma ripens = paccati, is literally boiled) by terrible ordeals (kāraṇāni) similar to & partly identical with those of Hade …

to suppress, hush, silence Ja.i.62 (text nirumhitvā, variant reading SS nirumbhitvā, cp. san-nirumhitvā Vv-a.217).

Sk.? Trenckner, Notes p. 59 ni + rudh (?)

adjective without (outward) support, not relying on (outward) things, without (sinful) inclinations Snp.56 (Cnd.360 b reads nirāsasa), Snp.369, Snp.634, Snp.1090 (Cnd.361 reads nirāsaṃsa); Dhp.410; Dh …

adjective without wishes, expectations or desires, desireless Snp.1090 (Nd ii.reading for nirāsaya); Cnd.361 (cp. Dhp-a.iv.185 nirāsāsa *nirāsaṃsa, variant reading for nirāsaya).

nis + āsaṃsa, śaṃs

past participle given up, spent, lost Thig.484 (variant reading ˚ss˚); Thag-a.286 (= pariccatta). Cp nisajjeti & nisagga.; Nisada & Nisada

nis + saṭṭha of sṛj

to let loose, give up, hand over, give, pour out Vin.ii.188 ger. nissajja [Sk. niḥsṛjya] Snp.839 (variant reading nisajja); Mnd.189 (id.); Snp-a.545. pp. nisaṭṭha & nissaṭṭha; …

going out, creeping out; only in biḷāra˚; at DN.ii.83 (variant reading BB as gloss nikkhamana) + SN.iv.194; AN.v.195.

Sk. *niḥsarpana, nis + sakk, confused with sṛp, see Trenckner, Notes p …

night Vv.35#2 (loc. nise); Vv-a.161 (loc. nisati, variant reading nisi = rattiyaṃ); Mil.388 (loc. nisāya) Dāvs ii.6; Dāvs v.2 (nisāyaṃ). See also nisītha.

Sk. niś & niśā, prob. with niśītha (midnigh …

in koka˚; Ja.vi.538, a certain wild animal; the meaning is not clear, etymologically it is to be derived fr. Sk. niśātayati to strike, to fell. See Kern,

Toevoegselen

1p. 152, s. v. koka. The va …

midnight, night Thag.3 (aggi yathā pajjalito nisīthe; variant reading BB nisive), Thag.524 (variant reading nisive); Ja.iv.432; Ja.v.330, Ja.v.331 (variant reading BB nisive), Ja.v.506 (= rattibhāga C …

(better: nitthaddhana) neuter paralysing DN.i.11 (jīvhā˚ = mantena jivhāya thaddhakaraṇa DN-a.i.96 variant reading (gloss) nibandhana).

Sk. *niṣṭambhana, abstr. fr. ni + thaddha = making rigid

groaning, moaning DN-a.i.291 (variant reading BB. ˚ṭhuna). As nitthunana Vism.504.

nis + thanana, abstr. to thaneti

1. (of thunati¹) moan, groan DN-a.i.291 (as variant reading BB for nitthanana)-
2. (of thunati²) blame, censure, curse Pv-a.76 (˚ṃ karoti to revile or curse).

Sk. *nis-stan …

passing over, rescue, payment, acquittance, in -ṃ vattati to be acquitted, to get off scot-free MN.i.442 (variant reading netth˚, which is the usual form). See netthāra.

Sk. nistāra; nis + tār …

past participle got out of, having crossed or overcome DN.ii.275 (-ogha; variant reading BB nitiṇṇa) Mnd.159 (as variant reading; text has nitiṇṇa); Cnd.278 (t.). Cp nittharati.

Sk. nistīrṇa, nis + tiṇṇa

…of nivarati (nivāreti) cp. nivārita

adjective free from tigers Ja.ii.358 (variant reading nibbyaggha).

nis + vyaggha

…holds back or refuses (entrance) (opp. pavesetar) DN.ii.83 = SN.iv.194; AN.v.194 (dovāriko aññātānaṃ nivāretā ñātānam pavesetā).

n….

adjective unobstructed, open Pv-a.202 (= anāvaṭa).

pp. of nivāreti

sheltered place, a place of escape, opportunity (for hiding) Ja.i.289 = Ja.v.435; cp. Mil.205 (where reading is nimantaka, with variant reading nivātaka, see note on p. 426). See Com. on this stanza a …

adjective one’s own Snp.149 (˚putta = orasaputta Kp-a.248); niyassakamma at AN.i.99 & Pv.iv.1#13 (variant reading Minayeff tiyassa) is to be read as nissayakamma (q.v.).

Sk. nija, q.v.

1. restraint, constraint, training, self-control Mil.116 (yama +); Pv-a.98 (yama +).
2. definiteness certainty, limitation Dhp-a.iii.83 (catumagga˚, variant reading niyāma); Snp-a.124 (niyāma); …

nest, place, seat Dhp.148 (variant reading niḷa).

Vedic nīḍa resting-place ni + sad “sitting down”

to cut out, to weed DN.i.231 (niddāyit˚); Iti.56 (as variant reading niddāta for niṇhāta, q.v.); Ja.i.215. Caus niḍḍāpeti to cause to weed, to have weeds dug up Vin.ii.180.

Sk. nirdāti, nis + dāyati …

adjective cleansed, purified Iti.56 (˚pāpaka = sinless; with several vv. ll amongst which niddāta of niḍḍāyati = cleansed of weeds = Mnd.58 (ninhāta˚) = Cnd.514 (ninhāta, variant reading SS ninnahāta) …

spitting out, spittle Ja.i.47; Pv-a.80 (= kheḷa, variant reading SS niṭṭhuvana, BB niṭhūna).

Sk. niṣṭhīvana, see niṭṭhubhati & cp. Prk. niṭṭhuhana

adjective rough, hard, cruel, merciless Snp.952 (a˚; this reading is mentioned as variant reading by Bdhgh at Snp-a.569, & the reading; anuddharī given; vv. ll SS anuṭṭhurī, BB anuṭṭharī, explained …

indeclinable affirm
■ indef part. “then, now.”

1. most freq. combined with interr pron. and followed by kho, as kin nu kho Ja.ii.159 kacci Ja.i.279; kaccin nu (for kaccid nu) Ja.ii …

Nāla & Nāḷa

neuter a hollow stalk, esp. that of the water lily AN.iv.169; Ja.i.392 (˚pana variant reading ˚vana); Vv-a.43. See also nāḷikā & nālī.

Sk. nāla, see nala

name.

1. Literal. nom. nāmaṃ SN.i.39; Snp.808; Ja.ii.131; Mil.27; acc. nāmaṃ Pv-a.145 (likhi: he wrote her name)
   ■ nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Snp.344 Cnd.466 (n’ etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “ …

(nt. m.) diversity, variety, manifoldness, multiformity, distraction; all sorts of (opp. ekatta, cp. MN.i.364: “the multiformity of sensuous impressions,” M.A.). Enumⁿ of diversity as nānat …

adverb variously differently.

1. (abs.) AN.i.138 (on different sides, viz right ↔ left). Snp.878 (= na ekaṁ Snp-a.554 = vividhaṁ aññoññaṁ puthu na ekaṁ Mnd.285), Snp.884 sq.
2. more frequently in co …

woman, wife, female Snp.301, Snp.836; Dhp.284; Ja.i.60; Ja.iii.395; Ja.iv.396 (˚gaṇa); Vv.6#1, Vv.44#16; Pv.i.9#1 (= itthi Pv-a.44). pl. nariyo (Snp.299, Snp.304, Snp.703), nāriyo (Snp.703 variant re …

1. a sailor, mariner Ja.ii.103; Ja.iv.142; Mil.359; Dāvs iv.43 (captain).
2. a ferryman Ja.ii.111; Ja.iii.230 (Avariya-pitā.).

Sk. nāvika

Nāla & Nāḷa

neuter a hollow stalk, esp. that of the water lily AN.iv.169; Ja.i.392 (˚pana variant reading ˚vana); Vv-a.43. See also nāḷikā & nālī.

Sk. nāla, see nala

? bracelet, bangle Ja.vi.64, (= valaya; variant reading BB nivara). Also given as nīyura (cp Prk. neura & P. nūpura).

Sk.? Cp. keyura

(& nūnaṃ Dhs-a.164) indeclinable affirmative-dubitative particle with Pot or Ind., viz.

1. (dubit.-interrog.) is it then, now, shall I etc. (= Lat. subjunctive, hortative & dubitative DN.i.155 (= …

Initial o in Pali may represent a Vedic o or a Vedic au (see ojas, ogha, etc.). Or it may be guṇa of u (see oḷārika opakammika, etc.). But it is usually a prefix representing Vedi …

Ocaraka

in special meaning of one who makes himself at home or familiar with, an investigator, informant scout, spy (ocarakā ti carapurisā C. on Ud.66)
■ Thus also in BSk. as avacaraka one who furn …

to cut off, sever Ja.ii.388 (maggaṃ occhindati & occhindamāna to bar the way; variant reading BB ochijjati), Ja.ii.404.

o + chindati

fallen down, scattered MN.i.124 = SN.iv.176 (˚patoda; S reads odhasata but has variant reading odhasta).

Sk. avadhvasta, pp. of ava + dhvaṃsati: see dhaṃsati

adjective “according to limit”, i.e. all kinds of, various, in phrase yathodhikāni kāmāni Snp.60, cp Cnd.526; Ja.v.392 (id.).

fr. odhi

to shake off MN.i.229; SN.iii.155; AN.iii.365 (+ niddhunāti); Pv.iv.3#54 (variant reading BB ophun˚, SS otu˚) = Pv-a.256; Vin.ii.317 (Bdhgh. in expl^n. of ogumphetvā of CV. v.11, 6; p. 117 …

adjective white, clean, dressed in white SN.ii.284 (variant reading SS odāta); Thag.965 (dhaja).

fr. odāta

in odīrakajāta SN.iv.193 should with variant reading be read ocīraka “with its bark off”, stripped of its bark.

= ava + cira + ka

going down, setting (of sun & moon), always in contrast to; uggamana (rising), therefore freq.variant reading ogg DN.i.10, DN.i.68; DN-a.i.95 (= atthangamana); Vv-a.326.

o + …

watering, flooding (?) MN.i.306 (variant reading ogha).

to cover, veil over, hide SN.iv.122 (ger. oguṇṭhitvā sīsaṃ, perhaps better read as oguṇṭhitā variant reading SS. okuṇṭhitū)
pp oguṇṭhita (q.v.).

o + guṇṭheti

covered or dressed (with) Vin.ii.207; Pv-a.86 (variant reading okuṇṭhita).

pp. of oguṇṭheti, cp. BSk. avaguṇṭhita, e.g. Jtm.30

Ogāhati (ogāheti)

to plunge or enter into, to be absorbed in (w. acc. or loc.). Pv.ii.12#11; Vv.6#1 (= anupavisati Vv-a.42), Vv.39#2 (sālavanaṃ o = pavisati Vv-a.177). ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkhara …

Ogāhati (ogāheti)

to plunge or enter into, to be absorbed in (w. acc. or loc.). Pv.ii.12#11; Vv.6#1 (= anupavisati Vv-a.42), Vv.39#2 (sālavanaṃ o = pavisati Vv-a.177). ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkhara …

Oharati

to take away, take down, take off SN.i.27 (ger. ohacca, variant reading ūhacca); Pv.ii.6#6 (imper ohara = ohārehi Pv-a.95); Dhp-a.iv.56 (see ohārin). See also ava˚.

cau …

1. to give up, leave behind, renounce (cp. ojahāti) Snp.64 (= oropeti Cnd.183).
2. to take down (see oharati 1) Vin.i.48; Pv-a.95.
3. to cut down, shave off (hair; see oharāpeti …

resting place, shelter, resort; house, dwelling; fig. (this meaning according to later commentators prevailing in anoka, liking, fondness, attachment to (worldly things) SN.iii.9 = Snp.844 (okam pahāy …

Okantati (okkant˚)

to cut off, cut out, cut away, carve; pres. okantati MN.i.129; Pv.iii.10#2 (= ava˚ Pv-a.213); ger. okantitvā Ja.i.154 (migaṃ o. after carving the deer); Pv-a.192 (piṭṭhi maṃs …

Okassati

to drag down, draw or pull away, distract, remove. Only in ger.; okassa, always comb^d. with pasayha “removing by force” DN.ii.74 (T. okk˚); AN.iv.16 (T. okk˚, variant reading ok …

Avakirati & okirati

1. to pour down on, to pour out over; aor. avakiri Pv-a.86; ger. ˚kiritvā Ja.v.144.
2. to cast out, reject, throw out; aor. avākiri Vv.30#5 = Vv.48#5 (variant reading ˚kari; Vv-a …

casting out (see the later avakirati²), only as adj
■ f. okirinī (okilinī through dialect. variation a cast-out woman (cast-out on acct of some cutaneous disease), in double comb ^…

Avakkamati & okkamati

to approach. to enter, go into or near to, to fall into, appear in, only in ger. (poetically) avakamma Ja.iii.480 (variant reading apa˚).

ava + kamati fr. kram

at Ja.ii.448 is doubtful, variant reading okkantika. It is used adverbially: okkandikaṃ kīḷati to sport (loudly or joyfully). C. explains as “migo viya okkandi-katvā kīḷati”; …

Okantati (okkant˚)

to cut off, cut out, cut away, carve; pres. okantati MN.i.129; Pv.iii.10#2 (= ava˚ Pv-a.213); ger. okantitvā Ja.i.154 (migaṃ o. after carving the deer); Pv-a.192 (piṭṭhi maṃs …

Avakkhipati & okkhipati

to throw down or out, cast down, drop; fig usually applied to the eyes = to cast down, hence transferred to the other senses and used in meaning of “to keep under, to restrain …

…(so in variant reading T. reads okkita; C. explains by okiṇṇa parikkita parivārita).

pp. of ava + ukkhati, Sk. avokṣita, fr. ukṣ to…

Okkhitta

thrown down, flung down, cast down, dropped; thrown out, rejected; only in phrase okkhitta-cakkhu, with down-cast eyes, i.e. turning the eyes away from any objectionable sight which migh …

only in stock phrase kāmānaṃ ādīnavo okāro sankileso DN.i.110, DN.i.148 (= lāmaka-bhāva DN-a.i.277); MN.i.115 MN.i.379, MN.i.405 sq.; MN.ii.145; AN.iv.186; Ne.42 (variant reading vokāra) Dhp-a.i.6, …

to make jump down, in phrase ullaṅgheti olaṅgheti to make dance up down Ja.v.434 = Dhp-a.iv.197 (the latter has T. ullaggheti ol˚; but variant reading ullangheti ol˚).

Caus. of ava + laṅgh

to look at, to look down or over to, to examine, contemplate, inspect, consider Ja.i.85, Ja.i.108 (nakkhattaṃ); Pv.ii.9#64; Dhp-a.i.10, Dhp-a.i.12 Dhp-a.i.25, Dhp-a.i.26; Dhp-a.ii.96 (variant rea …

to break off, go to wreck, fall away SN.ii.218 (variant reading ull˚)
pp olugga.

Sk. avarujyate, Pass. of ava + ruj

adjective mixed, miscellaneous, various Ja.v.37; Ja.vi.224 (˚parisā). Cp. vo˚.

o + missaka

Omāna¹

disregard, disrespect, contempt Dhp-a.ii.52 (+ atimāna) Cp. foll. & see also; avamāna.

fr. o + man, think. The Sk. avamāna is later

Omāna²

at …

adjective forming a substratum for rebirth (always with ref. to puñña, merit). Not with Morris, J.P.T.S. 1885 38 as “exceedingly great”; the correct interpretation is given by Dhpāla at Vv-a.154 as “ …

viceroyalty is variant reading for uparajja. Thus at MN.ii.76; AN.iii.154.

falling (down) Pv-a.29 (udaka; variant reading ovuḷhita, opalahita; context rcads at Pv-a.29 mahāsobbhehi opatitena udakena, but id. p. at Kp-a.213 reads mahāsobbha-sannipātehi).

pp. of opatati

adjective noun fit for riding, suitable as conveyance, state-elephant (of the elephant of the king) SN.v.351 = Ne.136 (variant reading opaguyha C. explains by ārohana-yogga); Ja.ii.20 (SS opavuyha); …

covered, obstructed; always in comb^n. āvuta nivuta ophuṭa (oputa ovuta) DN.i.246 (T. ophuta, vv.ll. ophuṭa & opuṭa); MN.iii.131 (T. ovuṭa); Mnd.24 ovuṭa, variant reading SS ophuṭa); Cnd.3 …

or -ati to heap up, make a heap, cover over with (Morris, J.P.T.S. 1887, 153 trsl^s. “cleanse”) Vin.ii.176 (opuñjati bhattaṃ) Ja.iv.377 (opuñchetvā T., but variant reading opuñjetvā; glos …

in “bhattaṃ pacchiyaṃ opīḷetvā” at Dhp-a.ii.3 is with variant reading to be read opilāpetvā (gloss odahitvā), i.e. dropping the food into the basket.

taking down, removal, cutting off (hair), in kes’ oropaṇa hair-cutting Dhp-a.ii.53 (T. has at one place orohaṇa, variant reading oropaṇa).

abstr. fr. oropeti

variant reading Iti.20 for opadhika.

outflow, running water MN.i.189 (variant reading ossāvana & osavana). Cp.; avassava.

fr. ava + sru

to put forth, bring to an end, settle, put down, fix, decide SN.i.81 (fut. osāpayissāmi; vv.ll. oyayiss˚ and obhāyiss˚ Ud.66 (T. otarissāmi? vv.ll. obhāyiss˚, otāy˚ & osāy˚ C. paṭipajjissāmi karissāmi …

1. (with variant reading osāpeti, reading osāreti is uncertain) to stow away, deposit, put in, put away (see also opeti) Ja.vi.52, Ja.vi.67 (pattaṃ thavikāya o.).
2. to bring out, e …

Otata

stretched over, covered, spread over with; Dhp.162 (variant reading otthata); Mil.307 (+ vitata) Dhp-a.iii.153 (= pariyonandhitvā ṭhita). See also avatata & sam-otata.

o + tata, pp. of tan

Otiṇṇa

1. (med.) gone down, descended Pv-a.104 (uddho-galaṃ na otiṇṇaṃ not gone down further than the throat).
2. (pass.) beset by (cp. avatāra 2), affected with, a victim of, approached by MN.i.460 …

Otthata = Otthaṭa

variant reading at Dhp.162 for otata.

Otthata = Otthaṭa

variant reading at Dhp.162 for otata.

forbidding, obstructing, holding back, preventing Thig.367 (variant reading ovadiyāna, thus also Thag-a.250 explained “maṃ gacchantiṃ avaditvā gamanaṃ nisedhetvā”). Ovassa & ka;

ger. of o + vṛ.

obstructed, prevented Vin.ii.255 = Vin.iv.52; AN.iv.277 (variant reading ovāda); also an˚; ibid.

o + vaṭa, pp. of vṛ; another form of ovuta = ophuta, q.v.

1. girdle, waistband MN.ii.47; Ja.iii.285 (variant reading ovaddhi˚); Vism.312; Dhp-a.ii.37 Dhp-a.iv.206; DN-a.i.218 (Morris, J.P.T.S. 1887, 156: a kind of bag).
2. a bracelet Vin.ii.106 (= vaḷayaṃ …

at Pv-a.110 is with variant reading BB to be read uḷāra.

species of reed. bulrush Vin.i.190 (T. reads babbaja); SN.i.77 SN.ii.92; SN.iii.137 (variant reading babbaja), SN.iii.155 (˚lāyaka); Thag.27; Ja.ii.140, Ja.ii.141; Ja.v.202; Ja.vi.508. For further ref …

leaving the world, adopting the ascetic life state of being a Buddhist friar, taking the (yellow) robe ordination

1. ordination or admission into the Buddha’s Order in particular: Vin.iii.13; SN.i.16 …

Pabhaṅgu, Pabhaṅguṇa & ˚gura

adjective brittle, easily destroyed, perishable frail.

1. pabhaṅgu: SN.iii.32; SN.v.92; AN.i.254, AN.i.257 sq. AN.iii.16; Dhs-a.380; Sdhp.51, Sdhp …

Pabhaṅgu, Pabhaṅguṇa & ˚gura

adjective brittle, easily destroyed, perishable frail.

1. pabhaṅgu: SN.iii.32; SN.v.92; AN.i.254, AN.i.257 sq. AN.iii.16; Dhs-a.380; Sdhp.51, Sdhp …

Pabhaṅgu, Pabhaṅguṇa & ˚gura

adjective brittle, easily destroyed, perishable frail.

1. pabhaṅgu: SN.iii.32; SN.v.92; AN.i.254, AN.i.257 sq. AN.iii.16; Dhs-a.380; Sdhp.51, Sdhp …

breaking or splitting up, breaking, opening Vv-a.183; akkhara˚ breaking up of letters, word-analysis, phonology DN.i.88 (= sikkhā ca nirutti ca DN-a.i.247 = Snp-a.447)
■ adj (-˚) breaking up in …

to pull out, draw forth DN.i.77 (T. reads pavāhati, variant reading pabbāḷhati, evidently fr. pabāḷha); cp. Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa iv.3, 3 16
pp pabāḷha¹ (q.v.).

pa + bṛh to pull, see …

to dangle Vv-a.36 (variant reading BB paj˚).

pa + calati

to go after, walk in; fig. practise, perform, observe Vv.32#9 (variant reading pavarati, cp. Vv-a.136).

pa + carati

adjective each one, single, by oneself, separate, various several DN.i.49 (itthi); DN.ii.261 (˚vasavattin, of the 10 issaras); SN.i.26 (˚gāthā a stanza each), SN.i.146 (˚brahma an independent Brahma); …

cover, wrapper; girdle Thig.378 (= uracchada Thag-a.253) Dhs-a.397 (variant reading for ˚cchāda).

fr. pa + chad, cp. Sk. pracchada

laid in return (of a snare) Ja.ii.183 (variant reading paccoṭṭita).

paṭi + oḍḍita

to accept, receive; or: to show, point out Ja.v.221 (variant reading paccuttarissati to go through, perhaps preferable; C. on p. 225 explains by sampaṭicchissati).

reading uncertain; either paṭi + u …

adjective general, various, any; abundant, many Ja.v.40 (= bahu salabha C.); Mil.408 (˚jana) Dāvs iv.11, Dāvs iv.50; Vv-a.213 (˚jano for yādisakīdiso Vv.50#11). See also pasura.

cp. late Sk. pracura

1. foot Dhp.273 = Snp-a.366 (? saccānaṃ caturo padā); DN-a.i.85; usually -˚, like hatthipadaṃ elephant’s foot MN.i.176, MN.i.184; SN.i.86; SN.v.43, SN.v.231; and with numerals dvi˚ & di˚, catup˚, a …

Paddha¹

adjective

1. expert in (loc.) Ja.vi.476 (variant reading patha = paṭṭha; C. cheko paṭibalo).
2. subject to, serving, attending Ja.iv.35 (p. carāmi, so read for baḍḍha, see Kern, …

adjective noun ready to serve, subject to ministering; a servant SN.i.144 (T. baddhacara, variant reading paṭṭha˚; trsl. “pupil”); Ja.iv.35 (read paddhacarā ’smi tuyhaṃ for T. baddha carāmi t., as poi …

(“born in mind”) read patthārita at Thag.842 (see pattharati)
■ padhārehi (variant reading F.) at Snp.1149 read dhārehi
■ padhārita in meaning of “considered, underst …

fumigated, reeking, smoked out SN.i.133 (trsl^d “racked [wrapt] in flames”; C. santāpita) Vv-a.237 (so read with variant reading SS. for T. pavūsita; meaning scented, filled with scent).

p …

(= padhūpāyati) to blow forth smoke or flames Vin.i.25 (aor. padhūpāsi); Vin.iv.109 (id.); Vism.400 (id.), (so read for padhūmāsi T., variant reading SS padhūpāyi & padhūmāyi)
pp *[padhūpita](/defin …

to be seen Snp.108 (doubtful; variant reading padussati; explained at Snp-a.172 by paṭidissati variant reading padussati, cp. p. 192); Cp.i.10#2 Ja.vi.89 Sdhp.427.

pa + dissati, Pass. of dṛś

Padosa¹

defect, fault, blemish, badness, corruption, sin DN.i.71 (= padussati paraṃ vā padūseti vināsetī ti padoso DN-a.i.211); MN.iii.3; SN.iv.322 (vyāpāda˚); AN.i.8 (ceto˚); AN.iii.92 ( …

the lotus Nelumbium speciosum. It is usually mentioned in two varieties, viz. ratta˚; and seta˚; i.e. red and white lotus so at Ja.v.37; Snp-a.125; as ratta˚ at Vv-a.191; Pv-a.157. The latter s …

to do wrong, offend against (with loc.), make bad, corrupt DN-a.i.211 (see padosa); Snp.108 (variant reading for padissati); aor. padussi Ja.ii.125, Ja.ii.401 …

(padadāti, padeti)

1. to give, bestow Pv.i.11#6 (ger. padatvā, perhaps better to read ca datvā as variant reading BB); Ja.iii.279 (fut. padassati); Ja.v.394 (id.).
2. to acquire, take, get Ja.i.190 ( …

made bad, corrupted, spoilt Iti.13 (variant reading padussita). Paduseti & Padoseti;

pp. of padūseti

Paggaha & Paggāha

1. exertion, energy.
   1. paggaha: DN.iii.213 (variant reading paggāha, also ˚nimitta) Pts.ii.8 (˚cariyā), Pts.ii.20 (˚ṭṭha); DN-a.i.63 (viriy-indriyassa ˚lak …

dripping Pv-a.56 (variant reading for T. vigalita).

pp. of pa + gal

medicinal plant with bitter fruit Ja.ii.105 (variant reading pakkava). Paggaha & Paggaha;

etym?

Paggaha & Paggāha

1. exertion, energy.
   1. paggaha: DN.iii.213 (variant reading paggāha, also ˚nimitta) Pts.ii.8 (˚cariyā), Pts.ii.20 (˚ṭṭha); DN-a.i.63 (viriy-indriyassa ˚lak …

sweetmeat AN.iii.76 (variant reading pahenaka). See also paheṇaka. The (late) Sk. form is prahelaka.

fr. pahiṇati?

adjective sufficient, abundant, much, considerable Snp.428, Snp.862 sq. Pv.i.5#2 (= anappaka, bahu, yāvadattha C.; Dhp at Pv-a.25 gives bahuka as inferior variant); Pv.i.11#7 (= a …

adjective = pahuta Pv-a.135 (variant reading BB bahuta; in explⁿ of bahu).

adjective troublesome, annoying; (m.) a troubler worrier SN.i.174 (variant reading pagaṇḍaka; C. rasagiddha; trsl “pertinacious”).

pa + kaṭṭha + ka; kaṭṭha pp. of kṛṣ, cp. Sk. prakarṣaka of same …

to let down (the hair), scatter, let fall DN.ii.139 = DN.ii.148 (ger. pakiriya); Ja.v.203 (so read for parikati); Ja.vi.207 (aor ˚kiriṃsu)
ger pakira (= pakiritvā) Ja.vi.100 (read pakira-cārī, cp …

to cook, boil up; only in Caus. ii. pakkaṭṭhāpeti (with unexplained ṭṭh for ṭh to cause to be boiled up Ja.i.472 (variant reading pakkuṭṭh˚, cp J.P.T.S. 1884, 84)
pp pakkaṭhita (q.v.). Pakkathit …

Pakkaṭhita (pakkuthita)

cooked up, boiled, boiling hot, hot Thūpavaṃsa 48³³; Ja.v.268 (pakaṭṭh˚ vv.ll. pakkudh & jakankaṭhi); Ja.vi.112 (˚kaṭṭh˚), Ja.vi.114 (id.; variant reading BB ˚kuṭhi …

boiling (-hot) mixture (of oil?) MN.i.87, explained by C. as katita-(= kaṭh˚) gomaya, boiling cow-dung, variant reading chakaṇakā see p.537. The id. p. at Cnd.199 reads chakaṇaṭī, evidently a bon …

adjective noun siding with, associating with; m. part, side; only in phrase (satta-tiṃsa-) bodhi-pakkhiya-dhammā the 37 parts of enlightenment Iti.75 (satta only); Ja.i.275; Vism.678 sq.; Snp-a.1 …

to call, summon Ja.i.50; Ja.ii.69, Ja.ii.252 (= avheti); Ja.v.297; Ja.vi.420; Dhp-a.i.50; Pv-a.81 (variant reading ˚āpeti)
caus 2 pakkosāpeti to call, send for order to come Ja.i.207; Pv-a.141, P …

Pakkaṭhita (pakkuthita)

cooked up, boiled, boiling hot, hot Thūpavaṃsa 48³³; Ja.v.268 (pakaṭṭh˚ vv.ll. pakkudh & jakankaṭhi); Ja.vi.112 (˚kaṭṭh˚), Ja.vi.114 (id.; variant reading BB ˚kuṭhi …

? an inner verandah Vin.ii.153; cp. Vin. Texts iii.175
■ Kern.

Toevoegselen

s. v. explained it as miswriting for pakuṭṭha (= Sk. prakoṣṭha an inner court in a building, Prk. paoṭṭha, cp. P. …

1. make-up, getting up, fixing, arrangement, preparation mode, way, manner Ja.ii.222; DN-a.i.132; Pv-a.26 Pv-a.109, Pv-a.123, Pv-a.135, Pv-a.178, Pv-a.199; Sdhp.94, Sdhp.466.
2. ingredient fla …

taken over, “had,” overcome, deceived MN.i.511 (nikata vañcita p. where variant reading and id p. SN.iv.307 however reads paluddha); Ja.iii.260 (dava˚ abhibhūta C.).

pp. of pa + labh

rhinoceros Ja.vi.277 (variant reading phalasata explained as “khagga-miga,” with gloss “balasata”); as phalasata at Ja.vi.454 (explained as phalasata-camma C.) See palāsata.

…

led astray SN.iv.197 (variant reading ˚lāḷita). At AN.iii.5 we read palāḷita, in phrase kāmesu p. (“sporting in pleasures”? Or should we read palolita?).

pa + laḷita

Pali˚

round, around (= pari) only as prefix in cpds (q.v.). Often we find both pari˚ & pali˚ in the same word.

a variant of pari˚, to be referred to the Māgadhī dialect in which it is found most fre …

breaking up Cnd.576 (sambhañjana + variant reading pari˚). See also sam˚. The spelling phali˚ occurs at Thag-a.288.

pari + bhañjana

1. to obstruct refuse, keep back, hinder, withhold Vin.ii.166; Vin.iv.42 Vin.iv.131; Ja.i.217 (cp. paṭibāhati ibid.); Ja.iii.138 (aor. ˚buddhi.), Ja.iv.159; Mil.263.
2. to delay Mil.404 (or should we …

1. a cross-bar Vin.ii.154; Thig.263 (vaṭṭa˚ = parighadaṇḍa Thag-a.211); Ja.ii.95; Ja.vi.276.
2. an obstacle, hindrance DN.ii.254 = SN.i.27

■ (adj) (-˚) in two phrases okkhitta˚; with cross-bars …

entangled, covered enveloped Snp.131 (mohena; variant reading BB ˚kuṇṭhita) Ja.ii.150 = Dhp-a.i.144 (variant reading ˚kuṇṭh˚); Dhp-a.iv.56; Mil ii. Explained by *pariyonaddha …

bar Ja.vi.276 (with palighā as gloss).

a variant of paligha on kh for gh see Geiger,

Pali Grammar

§ 39#2

dug round or out SN.iv.83 (so read with variant reading for T. palikhita).

pp. of palikhaṇati

breaking off or in two, dissolution, decay Vin.ii.284; MN.i.435 = Mil.418 (in formula aniccato dukkhato rogato etc., with freq.variant reading paralokato; cp AN.iv.423; Cnd.214; Pts.ii.238); SN.iii.16 …

Palāpa¹

chaff of corn, pollard AN.iv.169 (yava˚); Ja.i.467, Ja.i.468; Ja.iv.34; Snp-a.165 (in exegesis of palāpa² variant reading BB palāsa), Snp-a.312 (id.); Ja.iv.34, Ja.iv. …

young (wanton) woman, a woman Snp.156 Snp.157 (gloss for pamāda cp. Snp-a.203); Ja.iii.442 (marapamadānaṃ issaro; variant reading samuddā), Ja.iii.530 (variant reading pamuda pamoda).

Classical Sk. …

Pamajjati¹

1. to become intoxicated SN.i.73.
2. to be careless, slothful, negligent; to neglect waste one’s time SN.iv.125, SN.iv.133; Snp.676, Snp.925, Snp.933; cp Mnd.376 & Cnd.70; Dhp.16 …

in cpd. luñcita-pamaṭṭā kapotī viya (simile for a woman who has lost all her hair) at Pv-a.47 is doubtful it should probably be read as luñcita-pakkhikā k. viya i.e. like a pigeon whose feathers …

bewilderment, infatuation, fascination Snp.841 (variant reading Nd i.sammoha) Mnd.193 (+ sammoha andhakāra); Ja.vi.358; Ja.vi.358 Pp.21; Dhs.390, Dhs.1061.

pa + muh, cp. Epic Sk. pramoha

1. swooning, in a faint, fainting (with hunger) Pv.iii.1#8 (= khuppipāsādidukkhena sañjāta-mucchā Pv-a.174); Pv.iv.10#8.
2. infatuated SN.i.187 (variant reading; T. samucchita) = Thag.1219; Ja.iii.4 …

Pamukha¹

adjective lit. “in front of the face,” fore-part, first, foremost, chief, prominent SN.i.234, SN.i.235; Snp.791 (variant reading BB and Mnd.92 for pamuñca); Ja.v.5, Ja.v.169. loc …

adjective distant, remote, solitary, secluded; only in phrase pantaṃ senāsanaṃ (sayanāsanaṃ) or pantāni senāsanāni “solitary bed & chair” MN.i.17, MN.i.30; AN.i.60; AN.ii.137 AN.iii.103; AN.v.10, AN.v …

to come or go (by) a road, roadway, path SN.i.18 (gen. pl. panthānaṃ kantāramagga C; “jungle road” trsl.); Snp.121 (loc panthasmiṃ); Cnd.485 B (+ patha in explⁿ of magga) Mil.157 (see pant …

to dispel, repel, remove, push away SN.i.167 sq., SN.i.173; Dhp.383; Snp.81, Snp.928 (pot. panudeyya or metri causa panūdeyya = pajaheyya etc. Mnd.385) Ja.vi.491 (1. pl. panudāmase)
ger *[panuditvā] …

dispelled, driven out Snp.483 (panūdita metri causa, variant reading panudita). See also panunna. Panunna (Panunna & Panunna);

pp. of panudati

to fall forward, to fall down, off or from, to fall into (acc.) Vin.ii.284; MN.i.79, MN.i.80; SN.i.48 (visame magge), SN.i.187 (= Thag.1220 patanti), SN.i.100, SN.ii.114; SN.v.47; Dhp.336; Ja.v.31; Pv …

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

adjective finding pleasure in, fond of, only in two (doubtful) compounds viz. -vutta [unexplained, perhaps v for y, as daya → dava through influence of d in parada˚; thus = parata yutta?] “fond of …

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

1. a binding along the back Vin.i.254, Vin.i.297; Vin.ii.116; Ja.v.254 (variant reading ˚daṇḍa).
2. a girdle, belt Ja.vi.125; Dhp-a.ii.174.
3. a plastered flooring Vin.ii.113, Vin.ii.172, Vin.ii.220; …

1. to break up, split, create dissension, to set at variance Ja.i.439; Ja.iv.196; Ja.v.229 Ja.vi.368; Pv-a.13.
2. to break (see ˚*bhinna*)
   pp paribhinna …

1. broken, broken up MN.i.190 (a˚); Vv-a.184 (˚vaṇṇa of broken up appearance i.e. crumbly.).
2. set at variance, disconcerted split Vin.iii.161; Ja.ii.193; Dhs-a.308; Pv-a.13
   ■ Cp. vi˚

pp. of …

1. going about, mode of life Dhp-a.i.382 (gihīnaṃ ˚ṭṭhānaṃ, variant reading for vicaraṇa˚).
2. attending to, looking after, worshipping Dhp-a.i.199 (aggi-p˚-ṭṭhāna fire-place).
3. enjoyment, plea …

adjective noun

1. surrounding or surrounded, having on one’s hands Ja.ii.190 (sukha˚, variant reading for ˚parihaṭa).
2. an armlet, bracelet Vv-a.167 (variant reading ˚haraṇa; explained as *hatthāla …

1. to take care of, to attend to (acc.), shelter, protect, keep up, preserve, look after Vin.i.42 Vin.ii.188; DN.ii.100 (sanghaṃ); DN.ii.14 (gabbhaṃ kucchinā) MN.i.124, MN.i.459; SN.iii.1; AN.iii.123; …

1. keeping up, preserving, care, attention, pleasure Pv-a.219 (with variant reading ˚caraṇā for paricārikā Pv.iv.1#2).
2. keeping secret, guarding hiding, deceiving Vb.358 = Pp.23.

= pariharaṇa

(˚hata) surrounded by (-˚) encircled; only in phrase sukha-parihaṭa (+ sukhe ṭhita) steeped in good fortune Vin.iii.13 (corr. sukhedhita accordingly!); Ja.ii.190 (pariharaka variant reading BB); …

to decay, dwindle or waste away, come to ruin; to decrease, fall away from, lack; to be inferior, deteriorate Vin.i.5; MN.iii.46 sq. (opp. abhivaḍḍhati); SN.i.120, SN.i.137; SN.iii.125; SN.iv.76 sq.; …

is doubtful reading at AN.iii.38 (variant reading parivajjanā) = AN.iv.266 (T. reads parijjana, cp. parijana; vv. ll parivajjanā & parijanā); meaning?.

Parikanta¹

cut open Vin.iii.89 (kucchi p.). See also parikatta & cp. Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v (misreading for ˚katta?)
■ Note. Reading parikantaṃ upāhanaṃ at Ja.vi.51 is with varian …

“doing round,” i.e. girdle, loincloth Ja.iv.149; Dhp-a.i.352
■ In cpd. ovāda˚ it is variant reading SS at DN.i.137 for paṭikara (q.v.).

fr. pari + kṛ; a similar formation …

1. to drag about SN.i.44, cp. Dhs-a.68.
2. sweep away, carry away Dhp-a.ii.275 (mah’ ogho viya parikassamāno, variant reading ˚kaḍḍhamāno)

pass parikissati (q.v.).

pari + …

adornment, adorning oneself, being fond of ornaments Cnd.585#2 (variant reading parilepanā); DN-a.i.286 has paṭikelanā instead, but Vb id p. 351 parikeḷanā with variant reading parikelāsanā.

pari + keḷanā

ditch, trench, moat Vin.ii.154; DN.i.105 (ukkiṇṇa-parikha adj with trenches dug deep, combined with okkhittapaligha explained by khāta-parikha ṭhapita-paligha at DN-a.i.274) MN.i.139 (sankiṇṇa˚ ad …

to strew or scatter about, to surround SN.i.185 = Thag.1210; aor. parikiri Ja.vi.592 (variant reading for parikari, see parikaroti)
pp parikiṇṇa (q.v.) …