adjective (-˚) taking, fetching; vayo˚; bringing age (said of grey hairs) Ja.i.138; du˚; SN.i.36.

fr. hṛ.

…of the Netti Pakaraṇa Ne.1 sq., Ne.195.

fr. harati

Aggikabhāradvāja¹AggikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin of Sāvatthī, of the Bhāradvāja clan. The Buddha, while on his rounds, sees him tending the fire and preparing oblations, and stands for alms in …

…him with a large following, whose fealty has been won (according to Hatthaka) by observing the four characteristics of sympathy…

AhiṃsakabhāradvājaAhiṃsakaBhāradvāja

One of the Bhāradvāja brothers. He came to the Buddha at Sāvatthī and the Buddha suggested to him the desirability of living up to his name by practising ahiṃsā. …

The river on whose banks was the Lonagiri (or Lena°) vihāra where lived the Thera Sabbaka (Sappaka). Thag.307–310

Here also, in a cave, dwelt the Thera Bhūta. Thag.518f.

This river was probably …

The grove presented by Ambapālī to the Buddha and the Order. It was in Vesāli and was given to the Buddha during his last tour in that town, at the conclusion of the meal to which Ambapālī had invited …

AmbapālīAmbapālikā

A courtesan of Vesāli. She became a devout follower of the Buddha, and building a vihāra in her own garden, gave it to him and the Order. This was during the Buddha’s last visit …

…goes back to Pokkharasadi and reports the whole interview. Pokkharasādi is greatly incensed, abuses Ambaṭṭha and kicks him. Later…

…paribbājakas, Varadhara and Sakuludāyi. The Buddha visits them and talks about the four factors of Dhamma (dhammapadāni) which are…

A banker (seṭṭhi) of Sāvatthī who became famous because of his unparalleled generosity to the Buddha. His first meeting with the Buddha was during the first year after the Enlightenment, in Rājagaha …

In Pali Literature the Asuras are classed among the inferior deities together with the supaṇṇas, gandhabbas, yakkhas, garuḍas and nāgas. Rebirth as an Asura is considered as one of the four …

AsurindakabhāradvājaAsurindakaBhāradvāja

A brahmin, one of three brothers who had conversations with the Buddha and were converted. SN.i.163f.

…in the city of Kuraraghara in the Papāta Pabbata. SN.iii.9 SN.iii.12 SN.iv.115–16 AN.v.46 He experienced great difficulty in collecting…

One of the 16 Great Nations (Mahājanapadā), mentioned in the Pitakas. The countries mentioned are Aṅga, Māgadha, Kāsī, Kosala, Vajji, Mallā, Ceti, Vaṃsa, Kuru, Pañcāla, Macchā, Sūrasena, Assaka, Avant …

AṅgaṇikabhāradvājaAṅgaṇikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin fire-worshipper who practiced asceticism to gain immortality. Later he practiced Buddhism and in due course acquired the three knowledges. Thag.219–221

Aṅgīrasi¹

A term of affection (Radiant One) used by Pañcasikha in addressing Suriyavaccasā. DN.ii.265

Aṅgīrasa²

One of the ten ancient seers who conducted great sacrifices and …

Aṭṭhaka¹

A celebrated sage, composer and reciter of sacred runes, mentioned together with nine others (Vāmaka, Vāmadeva, Vessāmitta, Yamataggi, Aṅgīrasa, Bhāradvāja, Vāseṭṭha and Bhagu), V …

A brahmin of the Bhāradvājagotta who had seven widowed daughters and was much in debt. One day he lost fourteen oxen, and, after searching for them for six days, he came across the Buddha in a forest …

BaliharaṇaBaliharana

A forest tract near Kusinārā where the Buddha is said to have stayed. AN.i.274 AN.v.79 The Kinti Sutta was preached there….

Bharata¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses call on Nandaka and himself to declare their spiritual prowess to the Buddha….

…or would they differ.

Here Bharaṇḍu chimed in and asked Mahānāma to say they would be the same. But the Buddha contradicted him, whereupon…

Bhāradvāja¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of the heroic roar of the conquerors. Thag.177–178

Bhāradvāja²

He was the eldest of a clan of Bhāradvājas living in Rājagaha a …

BilaṅgikaBhāradvāja

One of the Bhāradvāja brothers. On hearing that the eldest of the clan had entered the Order, he went to the Buddha, and, unable to speak for rage, sat on one side, sulking. The B …

…satisfied that he bore the characteristic signs of a Great Being, Ajita asked Bāvarī’s question of the Buddha, and when that had been answered,…

…beauty and her virtuous character. Then the Treasurer possessed of marvellous vision, enabling him to discover treasures, and then the Adviser,…

…lake, the Gaggarā-pokkharaṇī. On its banks was a grove of campaka-trees, well known for the fragrance of their marvellous white flowers,…

Candana¹

A deva, vassal of the Four Regent Gods. DN.ii.258 He is mentioned as one of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by followers of the Buddha in case of need. DN.iii.204 He once visited …

…brahmins as Tārukkha, Pokkharasādi, Jāṇussoṇi and Todeyya. MN.ii.202

Caṅkī lived in the brahmin village of Opasāda, on a royal fief…

…illusion; therefore, others harass him; he shows vexation and comes to be called wrathful. The other shows opposite qualities and is called kindly….

Channa¹

A Wanderer, classed among those who wore clothes. He is only mentioned once, in the Aṅguttara Nikāya, AN.iii.215 where we are told that he visited Ānanda at Sāvatthī and asked him …

The inhabitants of the lowest deva world. his world derives its name from the Four Great Kings (Cattāro Mahārājāno) who dwell there as guardians of the four quarters: Dhataraṭṭha of the East, Virūḷh …

A region in India. It contained the city of Vedisa. Dakkhiṇāgiri lay to the south-west of Rājagaha, beyond the hills that surrounded the city—hence its name. In the district was the brahmin village o …

…districts (Dakkhinesu janapadesu) people celebrated a feast called Dharana A.v.216. See Dharana Sutta.

19.482129,75.3808591region

A lake in Kuvera’s city. DN.iii.201

5lake

Dhataraṭṭha¹

One of the Cātummahārājikā, the ruler of the Eastern Quarter. His followers are the Gandhabbas. He has numerous sons called Indra.DN.ii.207 DN.ii.220 DN.ii.257f. DN.iii.197 …

A brahmin village near Dakkhiṇāgiri, to the south of Rājagaha. Once, during the eleventh year of his ministry, the Buddha visited the village and preached to Kāsī-Bhāradvāja the sutta which bears his …

A class of semi-divine beings who inhabit the Cātummahārājika realm and are the lowest among the devas. DN.ii.212 They are generally classed together with the Asuras and the Nāgas AN.iv.200 AN.iv.204 …

Gandhāra¹

A Pacceka Buddha mentioned in a nominal list. MN.iii.69

Gandhāra²

One of the sixteen Great Nations.AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 One of the teeth of the Buddha was deposited in …

GandhāravijjāGandhārīvijjā

A charm whereby one could become invisible and multiform, pass through all obstacles, through earth and water, and touch the sun and moon. DN.i.213

A Sākiyan of Kapilavatthu, who built a monastery attached to the Nigrodhārāma. There the Mahā Suññatā Sutta was preached. MN.iii.110

GijjhakūṭaVulture’s Peak

One of the five hills encircling Rājagaha. It was evidently a favourite resort of those who followed the religious life.

The Buddha seems to have been attracted by its solit …

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

…was staying in the Kuraragharapapāta, Hāliddakāni visited him and consulted him at length on the subjects treated in Māgandiyapañha…

A class of devas present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.260

…seem to have been near Pokkharasādi’s domain of Ukkaṭṭha. It was the residence of “Mahāsāla” brahmins. The Sutta Nipāta Snp.p.115…

…that people of different characters could have the same rebirth. AN.iii.348f. AN.v.138f. AN.v.143f.

Isidatta is mentioned by the Buddha…

IsigiliIsigilapassa

One of the five mountains round Rājagaha and one of the beauty-spots of the city. DN.ii.116 There was, on one side of it, a black stone called the Kāḷasilā. This was a favourite …

A brahmin of the Bhāradvājagotta. He goes to the Buddha and asks him the questions given in the Jaṭā Sutta. The Buddha gives the same answer. SN.i.165

…as Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti and Todeyya. Snp.p.115 He is mentioned as staying in Icchānaṅgala, MN.ii.196 where he evidently took part…

KambojaKambojjaKambujaKambujjaKambojaka

One of the sixteen Great Nations which, with Gandhāra, belonged, not to the Majjhimadesa but, evidently, to the Uttarāpatha. AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv …

KammāsadhammaKammāsadammaKammasadammaKammasadhamma

A township of the Kurūs. The Buddha, during the course of his wanderings, stayed there several times; the exact place of his residence is, however, …

…night in the hermitage of Bharaṇḍu, the Kālāman. AN.i.276f. On another occasion we hear of the Buddha convalescing at Kapilavatthu after…

A brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, living at Ekanālā, in Dakkhiṇāgiri, and so called on account of his profession of agriculture. On the day of his festive sowing, the Buddha visited him alone, and sto …

A yakkha, friend of Sūciloma. He was passing through Gayā with Sūciloma when the latter questioned the Buddha on his doctrine, as recorded in the Sūciloma Sutta. SN.i.207f. Snp.p.47f.

KhiḍḍāpadosikāKhiḍḍāpadūsikā

A class of devas who live in the Cātummahārājika world. For ages they spend their time in laughter and in sport of sensual lusts. In consequence their self-possession is …

The capital of the Vatsas or Vaṃsas. In the time of the Buddha its king was Parantapa, and after him reigned his son Udena. Kosambī was evidently a city of great importance at the time of the Buddha f …

…stayed in a wood called Baliharana, and there he preached two of the Kusinārā Suttas AN.i.274f. AN.v.79f. and the “Kinti” Sutta….

…His lotus-lake is called Dharaṇī. His sons are all called Inda. DN.iii.201f. He rules over the northern clime and is lord of the Yakkhas,…

A name given to Dharaṇī. DN.iii.202

A vassal of the Cātummahārājikas, present at the preaching of the Mahāsamaya Sutta. DN.ii.258

A Sākyan. His name was Khemaka, but as he was dark he was called Kālakhemaka. He built a monastery in Nigrodhārāma, near Kapilavatthu, and once, during robe-making time, many monks lived there. On th …

…mentioned by name are Bharaṇḍu-Kālāma, who was once a co-disciple of the Bodhisatta, and Āḷāra-Kālāma, the teacher of Gotama…

KāpathikaKāpaṭika

A young brahmin, sixteen years old, well versed in the Vedas, and with his head shaven. He was “of good stock, well informed, a good speaker and a scholar of ability.” He visited th …

KāsiKāsikaKāsigāmaKāsinigama

One of the sixteen Great Nations, AN.i.213 its capital being Bārāṇasī.

At the time of the Buddha, it had been absorbed into the kingdom of Kosala, and Pasenadi was king …

A monk whose Theragāthā verse says that, thrusting aside grasses with his chest, he will seek seclusion. Thag.27

According to the Lomasakaṅgiya Bhaddekaratta Sutta, MN.iii.199f. Candana visited Lom …

The Saṃyutta Nikāya mentions an interview between an Elder of this name and the Sākyan Mahānāma. Mahānāma asks the Elder if the learner’s way of life is identical with that of the Tathāgata. Vaṅgīsa a …

A place on the Saṅkheyya Mountain where Uttara is said to have stayed, in Dhavajālika vihāra. AN.iv.162

on the Saṅkheyya Mountain in Dhavajālika vihāra.3monastery

The books mention the sixteen Mahājanapadas or Great Nations, which existed in the time of the Buddha. AN.i.213 AN.iv.252 AN.iv.256 AN.iv.260 They are Kāsī, Kosala, Aṅga, Māgadha, Vajji, Mallā, Cetiya …

…but chiefly in the Kuraraghara papātā SN.iii.9 AN.v.46 Ud.v.6 Vin.i.194 and in a hut in Makkarakata forest. SN.iv.116

Mention is also made of…

…night in the hermitage of Bharaṇḍu Kālāma. SN.v.327f. This he did, and was joined there the next morning by Mahānāma; as a result of the…

…of any given condition or character does not depend either on one’s own acts, nor on the acts of another, nor on human effort. There is no such…

MejjhaMejjhārañña

A wilderness, which legend says was formely a kingdom. MN.i.378

He belonged to a brahmin family and studied under Bāvarī as an ascetic. He was one of the sixteen pupils sent by Bāvarī to the Buddha. Snp.1116–1119 The Buddha declared him foremost among wearers of r …

MoḷiyaPhagguna

He was always friendly with the nuns and stood up for them in discussions with the monks. This was reported to the Buddha, who sent for him and preached the Kakacūpama Sutta. MN.i.122* …

Māgaṇḍiya¹

The Sutta Nipāta contains a dialogue between Māgaṇḍiya and the Buddha. Snp.1011–1023 The Buddha starts with an emphatic rejection of an offer of a sexual nature, which sparks a …

Nandiya¹

He belonged to a Sākiyan family of Kapilavatthu, and was called Nandiya because his birth brought bliss. He left the world at the same time as Anuruddha, Kimbila and the others, a …

Navakammika Bhāradvāja

One of the Bhāradvājas. Once, when the Buddha was staying in a forest in Kosala, Navakammika, who was there seeing about some timber work, saw the Buddha at the foot of a tree …

Nigrodhārāma¹

A grove near Kapilavatthu, where a residence was provided for the Buddha. Vin.i.82 There Mahāpajāpati Gotamī first asked permission for women to enter the Order. This was ref …

A class of beings classed with Garuḷas and Supaṇṇas and playing a prominent part in Buddhist folk lore. They are gifted with miraculous powers and great strength. Generally speaking, they are confused …

…of the names of Pokkharasāti. MN.ii.200

Opamañña²

A Gandhabba chieftain, who was among those present at the preaching of…

…there are eight wonderful characteristics of the ocean, on account of which Asuras delight in it. The Buddha tells him of eight similar qualities…

…in Avantī, near Kuraraghara. It was a favourite spot of Mahā Kaccāna, and we are told of several discussions having taken place…

…texts e.g., Annabhāra, Varadhara, etc., AN.ii.175 also Sāmaṇḍaka, SN.iv.26 and the Paribbājikā Sucimukhī. SN.iii.238f. In most cases they…

…the Buddha at Gaggarāpokkharanī where Kandaraka was also present, and his conversation on that occasion is recorded in the Kandaraka Sutta….

Piṇḍola¹

A Pacceka Buddha, given in a nominal list. MN.iii.69

Piṇḍola²Bhāradvāja

An arahant who announced before the Buddha his readiness to answer the questions of any doubti …

…was the pupil of Pokkharasāti, who sent him to the Buddha at Icchānaṅgala to discover if the report of the Buddha’s greatness were…

A monastery in Sāmagāma where the Buddha is said once to have stayed. AN.iii.309

Sāmagāma3monastery

Puṇṇikā²

A slave girl of Pokkharasāti. MN.ii.201

A chieftain of Setavyā, who lived on a royal domain gifted by Pasenadi. He held the view that there was no world other than this, no fruit of actions and no rebirth. But after a discussion with Kūmara …

…Brahmadatta, Vessabhū, Bharata, and the two Dhataratthas.

The seven divisions of the kingdom were called Kalinga, Assaka, Avanti, Sovīra,…

RāhulamātāBimbāBhaddakaccāYasodharāBhaddakaccānāBimbāsundarīBimbādevīSubhaddakā

The name, generally given in the texts, of Rāhula’s mother Vin.i.82 and Gotama’s wife.

On the seventh day of the Buddh …

…as Kīṭāgiri, Upatissagāma, Kolitagāma, Andhakavinda, Sakkhara and Codanāvatthu.

25.03,85.421town

…Buddhists as a god of high character, kindly and just, but not perfect, and not very intelligent. His imperfections are numerous: in spite of his…

SakkharaSakkāra

A township of the Sākyans where the Buddha once stayed with Ānanda. SN.v.2 It was not far from Rājagaha and was the residence of…

…AN.ii.176 In these contexts he is said to have been in the company of Annabhāra and Varadhara, evidently themselves eminent…

SalaḷāgāraSalalaghara

A building in Jetavana. Once when Sakka went to visit the Buddha he found him in the Salaḷāgāra, wrapt in samādhi,…

…His voice has all the eight characteristics of a Brahmā’s voice. DN.ii.211 He then proceeds to create thirty three shaper, of himself, each…

Sangharakkhita

A monk whose Theragāthā verse speaks of one who, although in seclusion, still has uncontrolled faculties. Thag.109

…corrupt habits of mind and character, for twenty five years he was unable to develop concentration. This so distressed him that he was about to…

SappasoṇḍikapabbhāraSappasoṇḍika

A mountain cave in the Sītavana, near Rājagaha. DN.ii.116 A conversation which took place there between Sāriputta and Upasena, just before the latter’s death, is reco …

A cave in Rājagaha, on the slope of Mount Vebhāra. Once, when the Buddha was staying there, he gave to Ānanda the opportunity of asking him to live for an eon, but Ānanda, because of his un-mindfulne …

A group of monks in the Buddha’s time, who seem to have incurred the enmity of the Chabbaggīyas. The latter turned them out of a vihāra as soon as they had prepared it, and were violent towards them …

Serissaka¹

A Yakkha chieftain to be invoked in time of need by followers of the Buddha. DN.iii.205

Serissaka¹Serīsaka

A vimāna in the Cātummahārājika world, which was occupi …

…used in similes, its chief characteristic being its unshakeability. Snp.683 It is also called Meru or Sumeru, Hemameru and Mahāneru.

Each…

Sirivaḍḍha¹

A monk whose Theragāthā verses speak of meditating in the cleft of Mounts Vebhāra and Paṇḍava while the lightning flashes. Thag.41

Sirivaḍḍha²

A minister of Pasena …

…mentioned in the Mahāgovinda Sutta. DN.ii.235

In the time of King Reṇu, Bharata was king of Sovīra, and Roruka was its capital.

Eder,…

Subha¹

A Pacceka Buddha. MN.iii.70

Subha²TodeyyaputtaBhāradvāja

A young brahman student. He once visited the Buddha in Sāvatthī, asking him various questions. The interview is …

SuddhikabhāradvājaSuddhikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin who visited the Buddha at Jetavana and stated that a man can be purified only by knowledge of the Vedas. The Buddha answered that it is not knowledge of …

SundarikaBhāradvāja

A brahmin, one of the Bhāradvājas. Once, when he was performing Fire-rites on the banks of the Sundarikā, he looked round to see if there were anyone, to whom he could give what …

A river in Kosala, reputed to be efficacious in washing away sins. MN.i.39 There Sundarika Bhāradvāja held sacrifices in honour of Agni and met the Buddha during such a sacrifice. SN.i.167 Snp.p.79

…Nagaraka, Medatalumpa, Sakkhara and Ulumpa (q.v.). Within the Sākyan tribe there were probably several clans, gottā. The Buddha himself belonged…

Sāḷha¹Migāranattā

He once visited Nandaka Thera with Pekkhuniya’s grandson, Rohana. AN.i.193f. He built a vihāra for the nuns and Sundarīndā was appointed to supervise the work. As a r …

A grove near Rājagaha where Anāthapiṇḍika first met the Buddha. When Anāthapiṇḍika approached it, he was filled with fear and trembling. But he was reassured by a friendly Yakkha, Sīvaka. Vin.ii.155*f …

…Sūciloma and his friend, Khara, happened to be passing by, and Sūciloma, coming up to the Buddha, bent his body against the Buddha’s. The…

The capital of Gandhāra. The Vinaya describes it as the place of education of Jīvaka, the Buddha’s doctor. Vin.i.269f.

Takkasilā is identified with the Greek Taxila, in Rawalpindi in the Punjab.

3 …

A large lake below the Vebhāra mountain, outside Rājagaha. The lake was cool, but the stream flowing from it, also called Tapodā, Vin.iii.108 Vin.iv.116f. was hot. Around it was the Tapodārāma.

Mon …

One of the most eminent great brahmins, contemporary of the Buddha.

He was present at the assemblies of the brahmins in Icchānaṅgala and in Manasākaṭa.

He was the teacher of Bhāradvāja, companion of …

TāvatiṃsāTidasāTidiva

The second of the six deva-worlds, the first being the Cātummahārājika world. Tāvatiṃsā stands at the top of Mount Sineru. Sakka is king of Tāvatiṃsā.

Tāvatiṃsā was also known …

Udena¹Utena

King of Kosambī. He was the son of Parantapa. Once when be discovered that the women of the court had given five hundred costly robes to Ānanda, he was annoyed, but when in ans …

…(as brahmadeyya), to Pokkharasāti by the king of Kosala, in recognition of the former’s skill. It was thickly populated and had much…

The family to which Pokkharasāti belonged. He was, therefore, called Opamañña. MN.ii.200

UpasenaVaṅgantaputta

When his ordination was but one year old, he ordained another bhikkhu, to increase the number of holy ones, and went with him to wait upon the Buddha. The Buddha roundly rebuked …

Uppalavaṇṇā

One of the two chief women disciples of the Buddha, and the chief of the women possessed of psychic power. AN.i.25 The Therīgāthā Thig.234–235 SN.i.131f. contains several verses attribu …

…friends of unfaltering character, to learn the monks’ code of discipline and to dwell in solitude.

Upāli²

A lad of Rājagaha….

Uttara¹

A monk whose verses are recorded in the Theragāthā. Thag.121–122

Uttara²

A monk whose verse are recorded in the Theragāthā. Thag.161–162

Uttara³

A *devapu …

The northern division of Jambudīpa. Its boundaries are nowhere explicitly stated in Pāḷi literature. Perhaps Uttarāpatha was originally the name of a great trade-route, the northern high road which e …

…answer to his question, the character of the five sensual elements and the necessity for their abandonment. Elsewhere SN.v.166 he is represented as…

Vappa ¹

One of the group of five monks who practiced with the Bodhisatta before his Awakening, and who were his first monastic followers. Vappa was disappointed when the Buddha began takin …

A noted wanderer in the time of the Buddha. He lived with Annabhāra, Sakuludāyī and others in the Paribbājakārāma, on the banks of the Sappinikā, AN.ii.29 AN.ii.176 and again in the Moranivāpa in Rāja …

One of the five hills surrounding Rājagaha. MN.iii.68 In this hill was the Sattapaṇṇiguhā, where the first Convocation was held. Vin.ii.76 The river Tapodā rose in a lake at the foot of Vebhāra.

25.0 …

A town in which the Buddha once spent the rainy season at the invitation of the brahmin Verañja. Verañja visits the Buddha at the foot of the Naḷerupucimanda, where he is staying, and asks him a serie …

Vāseṭṭha¹

An old sage held in high esteem for his knowledge. He was one of the originators of the Vedic mantras. Vin.i.245 DN.i.104 MN.ii.164 MN.ii.200

Vāseṭṭha²

A clan, proba …

…appearance e.g., Kuvannā, Khara, Kharaloma, Kharadāthika, Citta, Cittarāja, Silesaloma, Sūciloma and Hāritā; (b) their place of residence,…

One of the chief Yakkhas to be invoked by the Buddha’s followers in time of need. DN.iii.205

A city of the gods, mighty, prosperous and full of devas. DN.ii.147 DN.ii.170

It was one of the chief cities of Uttarakuru, and a royal residence of Kuvera. DN.iii.201

In the Culla Vagga Vin.ii.152 …

Āḷavī¹

A town between Sāvatthī and Rājagaha. The Buddha goes from Sāvatthī to Kīṭāgiri, thence to Āḷavī, and finally, to Rājagaha. The Buddha, on several occasions, stayed at Āḷavī at the …

táplálék, közvetlen ok, feltétel

isteni lakhely

késztetés, formáló erő; indíttatás; összetett dolog

1. fetches, brings; offers; brings forward, advances; brings near, fetches for oneself, partakes of.
2. (counter-)attacks.

bringing; offering, present.

goes to, visits; takes oneself to; attains

made offer; has brought; sent a present.

marked out, indicated; characterized; appointed; distinguished.

points out, indicates, characterizes.

draws out; stretches out (towards); moves (thought) out.

stretching out, moving (towards); intended action, firm intention; scheme.

preparation; development; performance; accumulation of motive force (as a result of action), impetus.

makes haste.

wonderful thing, a marvel; amazement

celestial nymph, a female divinity.

finger-snap; a moment.

the lower part of the body.

subject to, vulnerable to, fire

1. brings down or near; puts in.
2. swallows, eats.

(from ajjhoharati) bringing down or near.

taking food; swallowing.

covers, spreads over; overwhelms, overpowers; threatens.

the territory, grounds of a park.

within a park or monastery.

1. (m. f. & n.) a sound; a syllable.
2. (n.) an expression, a word.

(& n.?) phonology and etymology

(from akkhara) a letter-game.

akkhikahāraka¹

masculine one who removes eyes.

akkhikahāraka²

masculine one who collects seeds.

the way of speaking of the ignoble ones; an ignoble mode of speech

food carrier; a grass-seller(?)

grass sellers and fowlers

between the houses, among the houses (i.e. in the village); within a house

the removal (of the kaṭhina), ending (of the kaṭhina period and its special allowances) before the usual time

who has his last body

to each house; from house to house.

not bringing; non-supply

surrounds, encircles; embraces.

gradual or successive stage (in meditation).

not bringing; non-supply.

yearly; every year.

occupying oneself with details or minor characteristics.

occupying oneself with details or minor characteristics.

syllable by syllable.

without support; without a stand or holder

1. (m.) not food; not sustenance.
2. (mfn.) taking no food; without support; without fuel

boundlessness, infinitude (as name for the brahmavihāras)

eating little

living with open doors

(the ascetic) life in the wild; a dwelling in the wild

mode of life of the noble ones; a sublime state

the way of speaking of the noble ones; a noble mode of speech

(a bed covered) with a horse-blanket

brings over, brings, brings to; carries over.

causes to bring in; collects, harvest, confiscates

pulls or presses too much or very much; harasses (?).

supporting only oneself

aiming at the meaning, or at the benefit

…and…

covering, carpet; laying out.

spreading, covering (the kaṭhina); performing the kaṭhina robe-making and ritual; displaying the kaṭhina robe.

(one) who covers (the kaṭhina); who supervises the communal robe-making and ritual.

takes down, puts down; takes away; steals.

(& n.?) with the intention of stealing; (an intention to steal; ?)

taking away; theft.

(one) who takes away; a thief.

of low or base birth; of lower character than one’s parents; an unworthy child.

receptacle for scrapers.

who merely, only takes

midnight

midnight

midnight

…a limb or aspect of something as a characteristic sign, an attribute, a quality; as a determining characteristic or factor, a cause; *iminā p’…

one who takes or extirpates the testicles, a gelder; (or one who takes eggs?)

num. & mfn. 18

1. characterised by eight parts (i.e. by observance of the first eight precepts); having eight constituent parts.
2. possessed of eight good…

characterized by the eight parts or factors (i.e. by the observance of the first eight precepts)

group of eighteen.

eighteenth

, abstr. the suffusing or pervading the thoughts of others.

1. a place or object of veneration, a sanctuary or shrine (near a village), perhaps a sacred tree and mound.
2. a place or object of veneration connected with a Buddha; a funeral monument or thūpa (co …

with six parts or six characteristics.

not making the sound bharabhara?

(a period of) six nights.

indeclinable for six nights at the most.

for six nights.

less six nights.

whose back is flat (i.e. not hollow) between the shoulder-blades (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahapurisa)

troubling, harassing the thoughts.

troubling, harassing the thoughts.

1. (m.) equipping, making fit the thinking.
2. (mfn.) which equips, makes fit the thinking.

troubling, harassing the thoughts.

troubling, harassing the thoughts.

mental motive force; mental activity.

adornment or improvement (making fit?) and equipping of thinking?

vulnerable to thieves.

1. coming from the four quarters, i.e. from the whole world; universal, total.
2. having control in the four quarters; unrestricted; pervading the four quarters (with brahmavihāras)

…to that company. 2. (n.) the world of the catummaharajika devas.

, ~a., feminine the wearing of the (ascetic’s) robe; keeping a robe.

(~ā ~ī)n. young; an infant; a young boy, a youth; a young girl.

(-ikā)n. young.

from childhood; from youth.

of slow understanding; characterized by slow intuition.

who disparages the devas.

standard, a flag, a banner; a badge, a mark, emblem or characteristic sign.

…appropriate conduct; duty; what is right; law, justice. 3. good practice; a good quality or characteristic or attainment. 4. a quality or…

(one) versed in dhamma; (one) who holds firm to dhamma.

the presenting of ideas, images, or of the teachings.

taking money; going to take money.

holds, holds in mind; remembers.

the earth; soil; ground.

of dharati held, held in mind; remembered, memorized

rug (for when one has) washed feet (?)

gambler; a bad character; a cheat, a scoundrel, a rake.

gambler; a bad character; a cheat, a scoundrel, a rake.

naturally remembering; good at remembering.

of dhāreti

of dhāreti

of dhāreti

of dhāreti

dhārā¹

feminine a stream of water; a drop of liquid; a stream, a shower.

dhārā²

feminine the sharp edge of a knife or a sword etc.; a blade.

seclusion for rest and meditation by day (after the midday meal)

…wrong. 2. (used to characterize all experience) unsatisfactory; bringing distress or trouble.

2. (n.)
   1. pain, distress, trouble. 2….

hard to collect hard; hard to gather together.

which moves with eight constituent parts (?); which leads those with eight characteristics (?)

which moves with eight constituent parts (?); which leads those with eight characteristics (?)

of poor appearance; with poor characteristics.

supporting a wife.

adverb for a long time.

adverb for a long time.

adverb for a long time.

having long fingers (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahapurisa)

hard to be taken away.

with a single cutting edge

one part; one characteristic; one factor

with legs like the black antelope’s (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa).

1. womb of humans and animals.
2. the fetus.
3. an inner room or an apartment; (in a vihara) a separate room or cell.

the impetus or determination to go; preparations for going.

the name of a magic spell.

the bringing of a foul smelling or fragrant substance.

pregnant.

1. a building, a house, esp. the household of a layman, living a worldly life in a family.
2. a floor or story of a building?

(and m). confinement in a house; detention.

sickness caused by a potion given in a house (?)

householder.

householder.

housewife; mistress of a house.

living in a household; household; family life.

(one) who fetches or carries fodder.

the emblem or characteristic sign of a householder.

the emblem or characteristic sign of a householder.

the distinctive marks or character of a householder.

mountain cleft or cave.

cow in calf.

exercise of supernatural power(s)

femininity; feminine characteristics; the female sexual characteristic(s)

heated room; a room with a fire (normally used before bathing, not for bathing.

an old house.

walking to exercise the legs.

wearing one’s hair in twisted locks.

resplendent; brilliant; effulgent.

subject to, characterized by, birth; liable to come into being.

the requisites of life.

1. (mfn.) covered with an excellent kadalimiga skin
2. (n.) an excellent seating-mat or (a bed with) an excellent covering of a kadalimiga skin

compassion; wise empathy, sympathy (for another being’s sorrows; one of the brahmavihāras)

with the skin like gold, golden skinned (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa).

yielding a pailful of milk; or with a metal milking-pail

…ceremony.

kaṭhinaṃ attharataṃ²

(?) also implies that the special concessions associated with the kaṭhina ritual are in…

the covering of the kaṭhina ; the communal robe making and its ritual

the covering of the kaṭhina ; the communal robe making and its ritual

one who covers the kaṭhina ; who supervises the making of the robe (which becomes his)

removal of the kaṭhina ; ending of the kaṭhina ; ending of the kaṭhina period (and of its special allowances)

removal of the kaṭhina ; ending of the kaṭhina ; ending of the kaṭhina period (and of its special allowances)

~ī, feminine one who gathers sticks or firewood

(-ikā) (one) who gathers sticks or firewood

harsh, rough; hard, solid; sharp, keen; fierce.

hard; solid

harsh toned; making a harsh sound

rough animal skin

of swift understanding; characterized by quick intuition

razor-edged, sharp as a razor; containing razors

1. (m.) an alkali; a caustic substance (such as soda or potash).
2. (mfn.) consisting of caustic fluid; esp. as epithet of a river in a hell.

the burden of the khāri container, the khāri load.

(& ~ā f.?) a form of torture (involving inflicting wounds which are then treated with a caustic fluid

having what as its chief characteristic? having what as most excellent?

…and have remarkably beautiful…

…and have remarkably beautiful…

guard of cornfields.

living on (only) a small bowlful of food.

the state (of meditation) of a man of nobility; a shallow state (of meditation)

with blossoming crests.

theft by exchanging kusa markers

bodily motive force; physical motion

the male and female sexual organs or characteristics.

crossing; release; acquittance.

whose service to the king had been recompensed or paid off; ?

bending, heading towards nibbāna.

oppresses; harasses.

(~antī)n. of niccharati

goes out; issues; rises.

of niccharati makes issue forth; emits, utters; purges

…to, an object or appearance; grasping, occupying oneself with, external features or characteristics; exclusive concentration (on, loc.); being…

apprehending, responding emotionally to, an object or appearance; grasping, occupying oneself with, external features or characteristics.

apprehending, responding emotionally to, an object or appearance; grasping, occupying oneself with, external features or characteristics.

…to, an object or appearance; grasping, occupying oneself with, external features or characteristics; exclusive concentration (on, loc.); being…

apprehending, responding emotionally to, an object or appearance; grasping, occupying oneself with, external features or characteristics.

apprehending, responding emotionally to, an object or appearance; grasping, occupying oneself with, external features or characteristics.

marks, apprehends the characteristic features; apprehends an object or appearance (as distinguished in various ways); distinguishes, identifies an…

, ~ā, feminine crosses over; gets out of, escapes; expiates.

1. getting across; escape from; finishing.
2. carrying out; accomplishing, dealing with.

of nittharati

1. name and form;
   1. individual person or identity; interpreted as the mental and physical aspects of an individual.
   2. esp. in the paṭiccasamuppāda series: with viññāṇa furnishing (the poss …

of nīharati

takes out, extracts; extricates; draws out; carries out; removes; drives out, expels.

of nīharati

of nīharati

of nīharati

of nīharati

of nīharati

for whom food has been brought.

will take out, extract; will extricate; will draw out; will carry out; will remove; will drive out, expel.

of nīharati

rice seller’s house; a cooked rice shop.

brings down; takes down; puts down; removes; drags down.

whose burden has been put down or removed.

having caused to be removed, having had removed

(~ī)n. robbing of strength or vitality.

torch bearer.

kind of sieve or filter (?)

scatters, spreads; covers, overspreads; overwhelms, submerges, crushes.

having caused (something) to be overwhelmed or crushed or submerged

with a stand

1. having a support; nourished.
2. with its supplies; with its supporting territory*)

that characteristic; that factor; that cause.

being of such a character.

who scorns or disparages (the element of fire)

the emblem or characteristic sign of one belonging to another sect,

the emblem or characteristic sign of one belonging to another sect,

one who fetches (cuts and sells) grass or hay.

layer of grass as a bed or mat.

layer of grass as a bed or mat.

“a covering of grass”, one of the seven adhikaraṇasamatha (method of setting a case or dispute)

sharp-edged.

(one) who carries scales; a merchant.

removal, taking away (of the kaṭhina); ending (of the kaṭhina period and its special allowances).

oppression, harassment; paining.

double edged, two edged

having the sexual characteristics of both sexes; hermaphrodite

having the sexual characteristics of both sexes; hermaphrodite

(~ī). (one) who fetches or carries water; fetching water

having hair with its ends turning upwards (esp. as one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa)

draws out, pulls out, extracts; rescues; picks out, separates, selects; cites; removes, puts away; digs up; pulls up, elevates, raises.

drawing out, pulling out; picking out; selection; removal; raising.

raises; takes

raising; picking up; selecting; extracting; separating; removing.

utters; declares, announces; recites, quotes, cites.

(or uggharanta) dripping; oozing.

(or ugghara(t)) dripping; oozing.

(or uggharanta) dripping; oozing.

holding up the torch; a torch bearer

considers, reflects on; holds in the mind, pays attention to; holds, considers as; looks for, investigates, finds out

of a vinā, perhaps the head or finger-holds.

brings, brings near; offers, presents.

bringing; offering; present, presentation; service.

(~antī)n.

draws together, collects; puts together with, puts in; brings, brings near to, provides; brings about; brings into contact with; brings to bear on, focuses on; brings together (for comparison), sees as similar.

disinterestedness, unaffectedness (one of the brahmavihāras q.v.); lack of involvement or reaction.

having feet with high arches (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa).

the being of noble character; excellence, nobility

whose head is like a turban in appearance (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa)

ornament; decoration.

support, prop; a holder, stand; that which contains, a vessel, a receptacle; the subject of discussion.

or mfn. (giving a) hold for the hands.

(~antī)n.

1. brings, fetches, conveys; takes, collects; uses.
2. satthaṃ ~ati, ~eti, takes the knife, kills oneself

(from āharati) one who takes, uses; who eats.

(from āharati) one who takes, uses; who eats.

see āharati)

causes to be taken or fetched; sends for; demands

causes to be taken or fetched; sends for; demands

taking; food, nutriment, sustenance; fuel; support.

eats

dependent upon food or sustenance

taking and giving; dealings

living in crowds

…form, appearance; external characteristic, sign, gesture; expression; deceptive appearance, pretense. 2. mode; sort; aspect; way, manner. 3. cause,…

pervasion or pervading with light or insight

lye, an alkaline fluid (allowed as a treatment for constipation)

hospitable giving of material goods

the laying out, distribution, of material goods

wearing garlands and ornaments.

an accumulation of motive force, impetus, for arūpa states

who scorns or disparages (the element of) water

1. (mfn.) resident; in (regular or permanent) residence (usually of a bhikkhu).
2. (m.) a resident bhikkhu (usually staying permanently in the vihāra and/or acting as a caretaker).

having projecting heels (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa)

having projecting heels (one of the 32 characteristics of a mahāpurisa)

constituent of life, impetus for life, vital principle

…position; state. 3. occasion; case, occurrence; matter.

4. quality; attribute, characteristic.
5. ground, basis; reason, cause.
6. stance;…

Abhisankhāra: Construction identical with the 2nd link of the paticca - samuppāda, sankhāra, under I, 1 or kammic-constructions.

Abodes: vihāra The 4 Divine abodes: brahma-vihāra The 9 abodes of beings: sattāvāsa

Adhimokkha: ‘determination’, decision, resolve: is one of the mental properties cetasika and belongs to the group of mental constructions sankhāra - khandha. In M. 111, it is mentioned toge …

Akusala-sādhārana-cetasika: Universal, general or primary disadvantageous mental properties associated with all disadvantageous intentions: These are four; 1: Lack of moral shame ahirika, 2: L …

[[altruistic joy]]Altruistic Mutual Joy: muditā is one of the 4 sublime & divine abodes brahma-vihāra.

…the case of the first two characteristics it is stated that all constructions sabbe sankhārā are impermanent and subject to suffering, the…

…of the three universal characteristics of existence tilakkhana, which is easily observable and thus obvious. It is from this all-embracing…

Anupubba-vihāra: the 9 ‘successive abodes’, are identical with the 9 anupubba-nirodha see: above. In A. IX, 33 they are called successive attainments anupubba - samāpatti.

Anāgāmī: T he Non-Returner is a Noble Disciple Ariya-puggala on the 3rd stage of Nobility. There are 5 classes of Non-Returners, as it is said e.g. Pug. 42-46:

A being, through the disappea …

Appamaññā: The 4 ‘Infinite States’, identical with the 4 brahma-vihāra

Apuññābhisankhāra: see: sankhāra

Ariya-vihāra: Noble dwelling see: vihāra

Asankhāra-parinibbāyī: The one reaching Nibbāna without effort, is one of the five classes of Non-Returners anāgāmī

Assāsa-passāsa: In-and-out-breathing, are bodily constructions kāya - sankhāra, while directed thought and sustained thinking vitakka and vicāra are called verbal constructions *vacī\ …

Attā: Self, ego, personality, soul, is in Buddhism a mere conventional expression vohāradesanā, and not a designation for anything really existing; see: paramattha-desanā, anattā, puggala, satta, jīva.

Avyāpāda: Hatelessness, non-ill-will, good-will, amity, goodness; is one of the three kinds of right motivation (see: sacca IV. 2), or advantageous thoughts vitakka and is the 9th of the 10 …

…refers to the sexual characteristics of the body, and belongs to the group of materiality see: khandha. It is a commentarial term for the…

Bhāvanā: ‘mental development’ lit. ‘calling into existence, producing’ is what in English is generally but rather vaguely called ‘meditation’. One has to distinguish 2 kinds: development of tranqu …

Brahma-vihāra: the 4 ‘sublime’ or ‘divine abodes’, also called the 4 Infinite states appamaññā are: loving-kindness mettā Pity karunā, altruistic or sympathetic joy muditā equanimity *up …

Carita: ‘nature, character’. In Vis.M III there are explained six types of men: the greedy-natured rāga-carita the hate-natured…

Catu-mahārājika-deva: a class of divine beings of the sense-sphere; see: deva.

Ceto-vimutti: ‘deliverance of mind’. In the highest sense it signifies the fruition of Arahatship see: ariya-puggala and in particular, the concentration associated with it. It is often linked …

…which is determined by the character of the intention cetanā associated therewith. The Com. explains it as ‘a wish to do’ kattu - kamyatā…

Character: On the 6 kinds of human character, see: carita.

Characteristics: of existence, the. 3: ti-lakkhana

Citta-sankhāra: see: sankhāra

Pity: karunā see: brahma-vihāra.

…- Craving for e.: bhava-tanhā see: tanhā - The 3 characteristics of e.: ti-lakkhana

Food: material: is one of the 4 nutriments āhāra. Foodproduced materiality, see: samutthāna - Refusing all further f., see: dhutānga - Loathsomeness of f. see: āhārepatikkūla - saññā

Forest-dweller: the ascetic practice for the: see: dhutānga

formation = Construction: sankhāra

…knowledge ñāna - vipphara iddhi i.e. the power of inherent insight to remain unhurt in danger; the power of penetrating concentration…

Iddhi-pāda: ‘roads to power’ or success are the 4 following qualities,,for as guides, they indicate the road to power connected therewith; and because they form, by way of preparation, the roads …

[[imperturbable karma-formations]]Imperturbable kammic-constructions: āneñjābhisankhāra see: sankhāra

Indriya: ‘abilities’, is a name for 22, partly physical, partly mental, phenomena often treated in the Suttas as well as in the Abhidhamma. They are:

6 Bases āyatana:

1. eye: …

…i.e. rebirth-producing character, but is a kammically independent function kiriya Tab. I, 72-89. There are further 8 supra-mundane classes…

Joy: somanassa - Altruistic j. = muditā see: brahma-vihāra.

Paccaya: ‘condition’, is something on which something else, the so-called ‘conditioned thing’, is dependent, and without which the latter cannot be. Many are the ways in which one thing, or one o …

…is one of the main characteristics of the Abhidhamma Pitaka, in distinction from most of the Sutta Pitaka, that it does not employ…

Paramī: Pāramitā: ‘perfection’. Ten qualities leading to Buddhahood: 1 perfection in giving or generosity; dāna - pāramī 2 morality sīla - p 3 renunciation nekkhamma - p 4 understan …

…as: ‘Materiality has the characteristic of being oppressed; feeling has the characteristic of being felt, etc.’

Full understanding by…

Paticcasamuppāda: ‘dependent origination’, is the doctrine of the conditionality of all physical and psychical phenomena, a doctrine which, together with that of impersonality anattā, forms the …

…that determines the latent character of a person.

Neither has this rebirth-consciousness transmigrated from the previous existence to this…

Penetration: s. pativedha pariyatti - For the power of penetrating vipphāra knowledge and concentration, see: iddhi - For morality combined with penetration nibbedha see: *hāna-bhāgiy …

Phassa: fr. phusati to touch: ‘sense-contact’, contact. The term samphassa is used in compounds, e.g. in the following: ‘;T’here are 6 classes of sense-contact: visual contact cakkhu - *s …

Puggala: ‘individual’, ‘person’, as well as the synonyms: personality, individuality, being satta self attā etc., in short all terms designating a personal entity, hence also: I, you, he, man, …

Puññā-dhārā: ‘streams of merit’. It is said that one produces 4 streams of merit by offering the 4 requisites robes, foodfood, dwelling, medicine to a Bhikkhu who has reached the conditionless de …

Puññābhisankhāra: ‘meritorious kammic-constructions’ of the sense-and fine-material sphere; see: sankhāra I. 1.

…high degree of rapture is characteristic of certain stages in meditative concentration, in insight practice vipassanā as well as in the first…

…condition that feeds it sāharam and is not without it. And what is it? ‘Ignorance’, one has to reply.; - Craving for existence and ignorance…

…of all things’. It has as charactcristic that it effects the balance of consciousness and mental properties; as nature function; rasa that it…

Ti-lakkhana: the ‘3 charactcristies of existence’, or signata, are impermanency anicca, suffcring or misery dukkha see: sacca, dukkhatā…

Āhāra: ‘nutriment’, ‘food’, is used in the concrete sense as material food and as such it belongs to derived materiality see: khandha Summary I. In the figurative sense, as ‘foundation’ or susta …

Āhāra-samutthāna-rūpa: ‘Food-produced materiality’; see: samutthāna

…The space element has the characteristic of delimiting matter or form. Its function is to indicate the boundaries of matter. It is manifested as…

Āneñja: Static imperturbability, denotes the mental state of being(s) in the formless sphere arūpāvacara avacara, see: sankhāra cf. M. 106.

Ānāpāna-sati: Awareness or mindfulness on & by in-and-out-breathing, is one of the most important trainings for reaching mental concentration and the 4 absorptions jhāna. In the Satipatthāna …

Āyūhana: K ammic accumulation, is a name used in the commentarial literature for the advantageous and disadvantageous intentional activities kamma or kammic-constructions sankhāra (see: *paticc …

…= abbuha; C. explains by uddharatha)
aor abbahi Ja.v.198 (variant reading BB abbuhi), abbahī (metri causa) Ja.iii.390 (variant reading BB…

…Vv.1#1 (= valāhaka-sikhara Vv-a.12)

• -ghana a mass of clouds, a thick cloud Iti.64; Snp.348 (cp. Snp-a.348). *…

to bring towards, to fetch, to begin or introduce (a conversation) MN.ii.132.

abhi + ud + ā + harati

…month (by means of a charm) DN.i.11 (= mantena mukhato aggi-jala-nīharaṇaṃ DN-a.i.97).

abhi + ud + jalana, from jval

…ineffective).

a + vi + ava + hārika of voharati

…= abbuha; C. explains by uddharatha)
aor abbahi Ja.v.198 (variant reading BB abbuhi), abbahī (metri causa) Ja.iii.390 (variant reading BB…

…reading; variant reading BB appahita, SS abyūhita; C. explains pupphakaṃ ṭhapitaṃ appaggharakaṃ kataṃ; should we explain as ā +…

…be found in an Arahant’s character: see DN.iii.133 & DN.iii.235 (where the five first only are given as a set).

a + bhavya. The Sk. abhavya has…

…(˚rūpa of strong character abhijja-hadaya); Pp.30 (= acchejja Pp-a.212); Mil.160 (˚parisā); Sdhp.312 (+ appadusiya); Pgdp.97…

…abhi shows a purely deictic character corresponding to Ger. her-bei-kommen (for bei-kommen) E. fill up (for fill); e.g. , abbhatikkanta (= ati ˚…

adjective firm, bold, in -māna firmminded Dhp p.81 (acc. to Morris J.P.T.S. 1886, 135 not verified).

abhi + dhara

…abhi +…

…+ harati, cp. Sk. abhyāharati & Vedic āharati & ābharati

brought, offered, presented, fetched DN.i.166 = Pp.55 (= puretaraṃ gahetvā āhaṭaṃ bhikkhaṃ Pp-a.231); Dhp-a.ii.79.

pp. of abhiharati

…note in Vinaya Texts ii.440.

ger. of abhiharati

bringing, offering, gift SN.i.82; Snp.710; Ja.i.81 (āsanâ).

fr. abhiharati

…= Thag.833; cp. Ja P T S. 1893, 11 in sense of “evil disposed or of bad character” at Ja.v.87 (= kāḷaka-sabhāva C.).

fr. abhijāti

having signs or marks, being characterised, characteristics Dhs-a.62.

abstr. fr. abhilakkhita

…away, put away, destroy, remove, avoid MN.i.119 (in phrase āṇiṃ a. abhinīharati abhinivajjeti).

abhi + nis + han, cp….

…cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti* DN.i.76 (= tanninnaṃ tappoṇaṃ karoti DN-a.i.220, DN-a.i.224; variant reading abhini˚)…

…sq.; Pts.ii.121; Ne.26; Mil.216; Dhp-a.i.392; Dhp-a.ii.82 (kata˚).

abhi + nīhāra, to abhinīharati; cp. BSk. sarīr’ âbhinirhāra taking…

…antarāyakārī Snp-a.390).

abhi + paharaṇa

…phrase denoting the characteristics of true beauty abhirūpa dassanīya pāsādika (+ paramāya vaṇṇa-pokkharatāya samannāgata),…

(& -khāreti in Pot.) to prepare, do, perform, work, get up Vin.i.16 (iddh’ âbhisankhāraṃ ˚khāreyya); DN.i.184 (id.); SN.ii.40; SN.iii.87 SN.iii.92; SN.iv.132, SN.iv.290; SN.v.449; AN.i.201; Snp.984 …

1. putting forth, performance, doing, working, practice: only in two comb^ns., viz
   1. gamiya˚; (or gamika˚) a heathenish practice Vin.i.233; AN.iv.180, &
   2. iddha˚; (= iddḥi˚) work …

adjective what belongs to or is done by the sankhāras; accumulated by or accumulating merit, having special (meritorious) effect (or specially prepared?) Vin.ii.77 = Vin.iii.160; Sdhp.309 (sa ˚paccaya …

to make haste Dhp.116 (= turitaturitaṃ sīghasīghaṃ karoti Dhp-a.iii.4).

abhi + tarati², evidently wrong for abhittarati

…AN.iv.130 AN.iv.276 Ja.i.81 Ja.i.82 Ja.i.218 Dhp.109 (˚sīlin of devout character, cp. Dhp-a.ii.239) Vv-a.24 Sdhp.549 (˚sīla)

fr….

of atiharati to bring over, to bring, to take Ja.iii.484 (= ativiya āhari C.).

fr. ati + hṛ.

(nt. or f.?) in -ṃ vādeti to make heavenly music (lit. the sounds of an accharā or heavenly nymph) AN.iv.265.

fr. accharā²

…accharāpaharaṇa-yoggaṃ that which happens without a moment’s notice, at the snap of a finger; i.e. causally unconnected…

…Sk. akṣara (see akkhara); there may be a connection with akkhaṇa in akkhaṇa-vedhin (cp. BSk. acchaṭā Divy.555),…

to speak more or better, to surpass in talk or speech; to talk somebody down, to persuade, entice Vin.iv.224, Vin.iv.263; SN.ii.204 sq.; Ja.v.433 (variant reading BB ajjhārati), Ja.v.434 (variant read …

adjective the lower Ja.iii.26 (adharoṭṭha the l. lip).

Vedic adhara, compar. of adho

…very best ˚sīla thorough character or morality 2. with verbs (in double pref. compounds); adhi + ava: ajjhogāheti plunge into;…

Adhicca¹

learning, studying, learning by heart Ja.iii.218, Ja.iii.327 = Ja.iv.301; Ja.iv.184 (vede = adhīyitvā C.), Ja.iv.477 (sajjhāyitvā C.); Ja.vi.213; Mil.164.

ger. of adhi + eti, se …

to flow, to trickle Thag-a.284.

adhi + ppa + gharati

…(= adho dosānaṃ nīharaṇaṃ) Dhs-a.404.

• -sākhaṃ (+ uddhamūlaṃ) branches down (roots up, i.e. uprooted) Dhp-a.i.75. *…

…ten qualifications of bad character or sīla (dasa-sīla see sīla ii.). Vin.i.83 (˚ā veramaṇī); DN.i.4 (= parassa…

…of the highest character Ja.v.351 (= aggasabhāva).

• -patta having attained perfection DN.iii.48 sq. *…

1. price, value, worth, Mil.244; Mhvs.26, Mhvs.22; Mhvs.30, Mhvs.76; Vv-a.77
   ■ mahaggha (adj.) of great value Ja.iv.138; Ja.v.414; Ja.vi.209; Pv.ii.1#18. See also mahāraha. …

3^rd sg. aor. of harati (q.v.).

the hide of the black antelope, worn as a garment by ascetics DN.i.167; Snp.1027; Ja.i.12, Ja.i.53; Ja.iv.387; Ja.v.407. kharājina a rough skin (as garment) MN.i.343; SN.iv.118; AN.ii.207; Snp.249 (= …

… pp ajjhohaṭa (q.v.).

Sk. abhyavaharati; adhi (= abhi) + ava + hṛ.

Err:509

adjective something fit to eat, eatable, for eating Ja.vi.258; Dhp-a.i.284.

grd. of ajjhoharati

having swallowed Sdhp.610 (balisaṃ maccho viya: like a fish the fishhook).

pp. of ajjhoharati

1. taking food, swallowing, eating & drinking Vin.iv.233; Mil.176, Mil.366.
2. N of a fabulous fish (swallower“; cp. timingala) Ja.v.462.

Sk. abhyavahāra

to cover over, spread out, spread over, cover; to submerge, flood Vin.i.111; Ja.i.61, Ja.i.72, Ja.i.73; Mil.296, Mil.336; Dhp.i.264; Pass. -tthariyati to be overrun with (instr.), to be smothered, …

…Pv-a.55; Dāvs v.5.

pp. of ajjhottharati

to take (food) to oneself Ja.ii.293 (aor. ajjhupāhari = ajjhohari C.).

adhi + upa + hṛ; cp. upaharati

harassed, overpowered, tormented Pv-a.180 (khuppipāsāya by hunger & thirst).

adhi + ā + pīḷita

to rise into the air, to climb over, spread over SN.i.221 = Ne.173 (ajjhottharati SA; cp. Mrs. Rh. D. Kindred Sayings i.285).

adhi + ārohati cp. atyārohati

inhabited, occupied (of a house) Vin.ii.210; Ja.i.145; Ja.ii.333; Pv-a.24 (˚ghara); fig. (not) occupied by Snp-a.566 (= anosita).

cp. Sk. adhyuṣita; pp. of ajjhāvasati

…in phrase sakkharappabheda phonology & etymology DN.i.88 (akkharappabhedo ti sikkhā ca nirutti ca Snp-a.447 = DN-a.i.247 =…

…Pv.ii.9#26 (akkhīni paggharanti: shed tears, cp. Pv-a.123); Vv-a.65 (-īni bhamanti, my eyes swim) cp. akkhīni me dhūmāyanti…

Akkhika¹

adjective (-˚) having eyes, with eyes Thag.960 (añjan˚; with eyes anointed); Dhp-a.iv.98 (aḍḍh˚; with half an eye, i.e. stealthily); Sdhp.286 (tamb˚; red-eyed) -an˚; h …

telling stories, recitation; tale, legend DN.i.6 (= DN-a.i.84: Bhārata-Rāmāyanādi); DN.iii.183; MN.i.503; MN.iii.167; Sdhp.237
■ preaching, teaching Mnd.91 (dhamm˚;). The 5^th Veda J …

…Gotamo yojana sate viharati alam eva… upasankamituṃ even if he were 100 miles from here (surely) even so (i.e. it is fit or proper even…

…out Dhp.142 (= vatthâbharaṇa-paṭimaṇḍita Dhp-a.iii.83); Pv.ii.3#6; Vv.1#1; Ja.iii.392; Ja.iv.60. 2. “done enough” (see…

1. friend, companion, fellow-worker, helper, esp one who gives his advice, a bosom-friend Iti.73; Ja.vi.512 (sahajātā amaccā); Pv.ii.6#20 (a ˚-paricārikā well-advising friends as company or around …

…(= paccatthika Snp-a.455); Dhp.66, Dhp.207; Ja.vi.274 (˚tāpana harassing the enemies).

Vedic amitra; a + mitta

adjective not Aiyan, ignoble, low Vin.i.10; DN.iii.232 (˚vohāra, 3 sets of 4 the same at Vin.v.125); Snp.664, Snp.782 (˚dhamma); Pp.13
■ See ariya.

an + ariya, see also anāriya

chain, fetter Vin.i.108 = Vin.iii.249 (tiṇ˚); DN.i.245; Ja.i.21 (˚ghara prisonhouse); Dhp-a.iv.54 (˚bandhana).

cp. Sk. andu, andū & anduka

woman lacking the characteristics of womanhood, a woman ceasing to be a woman, “nonwoman” Ja.ii.126 (comp^d with anadī a river without…

houselessness, a houseless state, fig freedom from worldliness or attachment to life, singleness SN.v.24 = AN.v.232 = Dhp.87 (okā anokaṃ āgamma). adj. homeless, free from attachment SN.i.176; Dhp.87 ( …

…of cases). a w. acc.: antaragharaṃ paviṭṭha gone into the house Mil.11 b w. loc.: antaraghare nisīdanti (inside the house) Vin.ii.213;…

…Sdhp.278.

• -dehadhara one who wears his last body Iti.101 (dhāra T, ˚dhara variant reading); Vv-a.163. *…

indeclinable prep. inside, either c. acc. denoting direction = into, or c. loc. denoting place where = in. As prefix (˚-) in, within, inside, inner (see compounds)

1. prep c. acc. anto nivesanaṃ g …

…prefix ###

1. General character. anu is freq. as modifying (directional) element with well-defined meaning (“along”), as such also as…

…vedanā “feeling is characterised by the experiencing of what is pleasant and unpleasant”); Mil.60 (vedayita-lakkhaṇā vedanā…

…a, since the compositional character had obliterated the character of the a. As such (ānubhāva abs.) found only in later language

1….

…minor or inferior characteristic, supplementary or additional sign or mark (cf. mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa) Vin.i.65 (abl. anuvyañjanaso…

…in the power of), Snp.791 (ejā˚; = abhibhūta Snp.527), 1095 (Māra vasa˚; = abhibhuyya viharanti Cnd.507); Iti.91 (ejā˚;) Ja.iii.224…

“according to taste”, i.e. satisfaction, thanks, esp. after a meal or after receiving gifts = to say grace or benediction, blessing, thanksgiving. In latter sense with dadāti (give thanks for = loca …

to surround, enfold, embrace MN.i.306.

anu + pari + harati

flashing through, pervading Mil.148.

anu + pharaṇa

adjective following in one’s turn, successive, gradual, by and by, regular Vin.ii.237 (mahāsamuddo a˚-ninno etc.); DN.i.184; Snp.511; Ja.v.155 (regularly formed, of ūrū). Cases adverbially: *[anupubb …

adjective DN.ii.283 (me dīgharatta˚), “for me, so long obsessed (with doubts)”. The reading is uncertain.

fr. anusaya

dormant, only in comb^n. dīgharatta˚; latent so long Thag.768; Snp.355 Snp.649. Cp. anusaya & anusayin.

pp. of anuseti, anu + śī

adjective yearly Dhp-a.i.388 (nakkhattaṃ). Usually nt. -ṃ as adv. yearly, every year Ja.i.68; Ja.v.99. On use of anu in this comb^n. see anu A a.

anu + saṃv˚

…minor or inferior characteristic, supplementary or additional sign or mark (cf. mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇa) Vin.i.65 (abl. anuvyañjanaso…

…cp. Vin.iv.355 Cp. anupadaṃ.

anu + akkhara

adjective being without food MN.i.487; Snp.985.

an + āhāra

…˚sakkati step aside; ˚harati take away. 2. apa = Vedic ava (Idg. *aue; see ava for details) There exists a widespread confusion…

to observe, request ask Thag-a.16.

Caus. of apa + dhṛ; cp. Sk. ava-dhārayati, but also BSk. apadhārayati Divy.231

taking away, stealing, robbing Ja.ii.34.

Sk. apahāra, fr. apaharati

to take away, remove, captivate, rob Ja.iii.315 (aor. apahārayiṃ); Mil.413; DN-a.i.38.

apa + hṛ.

Err:509

one who takes away or removes, destroyer MN.i.447 = Kv.528.

n. ag. to apaharati

…(aor. apānayi), Ja.iii.26; Mil.188, Mil.259, Mil.413; Pv-a.41, Pv-a.74, Pv-a.198 (= harati) Sdhp.63 Pass. apanīyati SN.i.176
pp…

only in khārāpatācch˚; (q.v.) a kind of torture.

that which is tied on, i.e band, ornament, apparel, parure Vv.64#10, Vv.64#18 (expl^d. inacurately at Vv-a.279 by; a-kāro nipātamattaṃ, pilandhanaṃ = ābhāraṇaṃ); Ja.vi.472 (c. pilandhituṃ …

adjective small, little, insignificant, often in the sense of “very little = (next to) nothing” (so in most compounds); thus expl^d. at Vv-a.334 as equivalent to a negative part. (see *[a …

…= anavasesa-pharaṇena Snp-a.417; cp. appamaññā) Iti.21 (mettā), Iti.78; Ja.ii.61; Pts.ii.126 sq.; Vb.16, Vb.24 Vb.49, Vb.62,…

taken away, stolen Ja.iii.54.

pp. of apa + ā + bhṛ; cp. Vedic apa-bharati, but Lat. aufero to ava˚

…going away Ja.i.163 (aḍḍharattāv’apāyin = aḍḍharatte apāyin C.). -an˚; not going away, i.e. constantly following (chāyā…

adjective (-˚)

1. worthy of, deserving, entitled to, worth Dhp.195 (pūjā˚); Pv.ii.8#6 (dakkhiṇā˚); Vv-a.23 (daṇḍa˚ deserving punishment) Freq. in cpd. mahāraha [Sk. mahārgha] …

forest DN.i.71; MN.i.16; MN.iii.104; SN.i.4, SN.i.7, SN.i.29, SN.i.181, SN.i.203 (mahā); AN.i.60 (˚vanapatthāni); AN.ii.252; AN.iii.135, AN.iii.138; Snp.39, Snp.53, Snp.119; Dhp.99, Dhp.329, Dhp.330; …

adjective noun

1. (racial) Aryan DN.ii.87.
2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by Aryans, gene …

…vile, low, of base character Ja.iii.527 (mātugāma); Dhp.77 = Ja.iii.367 = Thag.994; Mil.221; Dhp-a.i.256; Thag-a.246 (akkhi). Cp. next …

adjective not stony, free from gravel or stones, smooth Ja.v.168; Dhp-a.iii.401 (opp. sasakkhara).

a + sakkhara

adjective not to be destroyed or shattered Iti.77; Thag.372; Cnd.110.

grd. of a + saṃharati

adjective unmixed, unadulterated, i.e. with full and unimpaired properties, delicious, sublime, lovely MN.i.114; SN.i.213 (a. ojava “that elixir that no infusion needs Mrs Rh. D.) = Thig.55 (expl<su …

sword, a large knife DN.i.77 (= DN-a.i.222); MN.ii.99; AN.i.48 = (asinā sīsaṃ chindante); AN.iv.97 (asinā hanti attānaṃ); Ja.iv.118 (asi sunisito), Ja.iv.184; Ja.v.45 (here meaning “sickle”), Ja.v.47 …

…AN.i.287 = AN.iv.397. -tthara a horse cover, a horse blanket Vin.i.192; DN.i.7 -damma a horse to be tamed, a fierce horse,…

to flow Ja.ii.276 (= paggharati C.). Cp. also āsavati.

ā + sru

Assu¹

neuter DN.i.115, DN.i.141; Dhp.67; Pp.56; DN-a.i.284; Pv-a.39. -mocana shedding of tears Pv-a.18.

Vedic aśru, Av. asrū, Lith aszarà, with etym. not definitel …

fallen angel, a Titan pl. asurā the Titans, a class of mythological beings. Dhpāla at Pv-a.272 & the C. on Ja.v.186 define them as kāḷakañjaka-bhedā asurā. The are classed with other similar infer …

adjective not general, not shared, uncommon, unique Vin.iii.35 Kp.viii.9; Ja.i.58, Ja.i.78; Mil.285; DN-a.i.71; Sdhp.589, Sdhp.592.

a + sādhāraṇa cp. asādhāraṇa Divy.561

indeclinable copulative and adversative part.: and, also, and further, likewise, nay SN.i.106; Snp.43, Snp.155, Snp.647; Dhp.151, Dhp.234, Dhp.423; Ja.i.83; Ja.ii.185 Ja.iv.495; Iti.106; Kp.viii.7; Pv …

…˚manāpa very lovely; ˚manohara very charming; ˚mahant too great; ˚vikāla very inconvenient ˚vela a very long time; ˚sambādha too tight,…

to excel, overcome, to get the better of, to deceive Ja.i.163 (= ajjhottharati vañceti C.).

ati + bhavati, cp. Sk. atibhavati & abhibhavati

too heavy a load Mil.277 (˚ena sakaṭassa akkho bhijjati).

ati + bhāra

to carry over, to bring over, bring, draw over Vin.ii.209; Vin.iv.264; SN.i.89; Ja.i.292; Ja.v.347. Caus. atiharāpeti to cause to bring over, bring in, reap collect, harvest Vin.ii.181; Vin.iii.18; …

…into the house), harvested, borne home Thag.381 (vīhi).

ati + hṛ; pp. of atiharati, hita unusual for hata, perhaps through analogy with Sk….

passed beyond, passed by, gone by, elapsed; passed over, passing beyond, surpassing Ja.ii.128 (tīṇi saṃvaccharāni); Dhp-a.iii.133 (tayo vaye passed beyond the 3 ages of life); Pv-a.55 (māse ˚e after …

adjective very charming Pv-a.46.

ati + manohara

adjective very talkative, a chatterbox Ja.i.418; Dhp-a.ii.70. atimukharatā (f. abstr.) ibid.

ati + mukhara

pressed against, oppressed, harassed, vexed Ja.v.401 (= atigāḷhita).

ati + pīḷita, cp. Sk. abhipīḍita

…a conveyance; one who conveys i.e. a conductor, guide Thag.616 (said of sīla, good character); Ja.v.433
■ Cp. ativāhika.

fr. ati +…

abuse, blame, reproach Dhp.320, Dhp.321 (= aṭṭha-anariyavohāra-vasena pavattaṃ vītikkama-vacanaṃ Dhp-a.iv.3) Ja.vi.508.

ati + vac, cp. Sk. ativāda, fr. ati + vad

…AN.ii.188 AN.iii.122 sq 3 character, quality of heart Snp.388 (citta Snp-a.374); Ja.i.61.

• -rūpa “of the form of self”…

…Commentary reading atthandhara is much better = he who knows the (correct) meaning, especially as it corresponds with dhamma-dhara *…

rug (for horses, elephants etc.) DN.i.7.

fr. attharati

covering Ja.i.9; DN-a.i.87
■ f. -ikā a layer Ja.i.9; Ja.v.280.

= atthara

to spread, to cover, to spread out; stretch, lay out Vin.i.254; Vin.v.172; Ja.i.199; Ja.v.113; Ja.vi.428; Dhp.i.272
pp atthata (q.v.)
caus attharāpeti …

covering, carpet, cover, rug Vin.ii.291; AN.ii.56; AN.iii.53; Mhvs.3, Mhvs.20; Mhvs.15, Mhvs.40 Mhvs.25, Mhvs.102; Thag-a.22.

fr. attharati

spread, covered, spread over with (-˚) Vin.i.265; Vin.iv.287; Vin.v.172 (see ˚an); AN.iii.50; Pv-a.141.

pp. of attharati

…(covering).

cp. Sk. āstāra, fr. attharati

…with love;
avaharati to move down, put off: oharati to steal. 2. In certain secondary verb-formations, arisen on Pāli grounds,…

calling attention to, affirmation, emphasis; as t.t. used by C’s in explanation of evaṃ at DN-a.i.27; and of kho at Pv-a.11, Pv-a.18.

Cp. Sk. avadhāraṇa, fr. ava + dhṛ.

Avaharati & oharati

to steal Ja.i.384; Pv-a.47 (avahari vatthaṃ), Pv-a.86 (id., = apānudi)
pp avahaṭa (q.v.).

ava…

(-˚) taking away, removal; theft Pv-a.47 (sāṭaka˚), Pv-a.92 (soka˚).

fr. avaharati in both meanings

taken away, stolen Mil.46.

pp. of avaharati

taking, acquiring, acquisition Vin.v.129 (pañca avahārā, viz. theyya˚, pasayha˚, parikappa˚ paṭicchanna˚, kusa˚).

fr. avaharati

…or base birth, fig of low character (opp. abhijāta) Snp.664 (= buddhassa avajātaputta Snp-a.479); Iti.63; Mil.359.

ava + jāta; cp. B.Sk….

…off Vin.ii.141 (˚pidhara), Vin.ii.221 (˚kaṭṭha). 2. scratching in writing down Ja.iv.402, (˚sattha a chisel for engraving…

…aparundhati; ava + ruddhati of…

…Dhs.553; Snp-a.417 (˚pharaṇa); Pv-a.71 (˚ato, adv. altogether not leaving anything out); & sāvasesa leaving…

…Cp. pariy˚.

ava + tharati, stṛ.

setting in array, deploying (of an army) Ja.ii.104 (of a robber-band), Ja.ii.336.

fr. avattharati

Err:508

…feet up) a position characteristic of beings in Niraya (Purgatory) e.g. SN.i.48; Snp.248 (patanti sattā nirayaṃ avaṃsirā…

adjective not harassing, not hurting DN.iii.166 (but cp. Snp-a.318 avihesaka in same context) Mil.219.

a + viheṭhaka

…Dhs.1460). See for various characterisatons the foll. passages: Vin.i.1; Vin.iii.3; DN.iii.212 DN.iii.230, DN.iii.234, DN.iii.274; MN.i.54,…

not to bring or procure Ja.v.80.

a + vy + āharati

…woman, not married Ja.v.213 (= apetâvaraṇā, which read for ˚bharaṇā, apariggahitā C.).

a + vāvaṭa

…Ud.93; Vv-a.20.

• -ghara an iron house Ja.iv.492.
• -paṭala an iron roof or ceiling (of…

…touch of (often sarcastic) characterisation it establishes a closer personal relation between the speaker & the object in question & is to be…

…Ud.93; Vv-a.20.

• -ghara an iron house Ja.iv.492.
• -paṭala an iron roof or ceiling (of…

eating, taking food; enjoying: only SS at Snp.240; all MSS at Snp.239 have asamāna. Snp-a.284 explains by āhārayamāna.

Sk. aśnāna, ppr. med. of aśnāti, aś to eat

…= Cnd.199 ˚ṃ agāravo viharati AN.iii.247. dve janā ˚ṃ ghātayiṃsu (slew each other) Ja.i.254. aññamaññaṃ hasanti Ja.v.111 ˚ṃ…

…(˚rattāyaṃ adv. = aḍḍharattiyaṃ Vv-a.315); Ja.i.264 (samaye); Ja.iv.159 (id.).

• -ratti = ˚rattā Vv-a.255,…

…a constituent part as characteristic, prominent or distinguishing, a mark, attribute, sign, quality DN.i.113 sq., DN.i.117 (*iminā p˚…

…DN.ii.19 (aṅke pariharati to hold on one’s lap or carry on one’s hips), DN.ii.20 (nisīdāpeti seat on…

…mental states of a general character from respective traits where they are to be found Ne.2, Ne.4, Ne.127; Ne-a.208; - acc˚; beyond the reach…

1. an egg Vin.iii.3; SN.ii.258; MN.i.104; AN.iv.125 sq.
2. (pl.) the testicles Vin.iii.106.
3. (in camm˚) a water-bag Ja.i.249 (see Morris J. P. T. S. 1884, 69).

• -kosa shell of …

…with ˚upeta characterised by the eight parts (i.e. the observance of the first eight of the commandments or vows, see…

…in ppr. aṭṭiyamāna harayāmāna (+ jigucchamāna Vin.ii.292; Ja.i.66, Ja.i.292; Iti.43; Cnd.566; Pts.i.159. Spelling sometimes…

…in ppr. aṭṭiyamāna harayāmāna (+ jigucchamāna Vin.ii.292; Ja.i.66, Ja.i.292; Iti.43; Cnd.566; Pts.i.159. Spelling sometimes…

…E. blab; babbhara is a redupl. formation fr. *bhara-bhara = barbara, cp J.P.T.S. 1889, 209; Geiger, P.Gr. § 20

adjective to strengthen, cp. upabrūhana, paribbūḷha much, many, large, abundant; plenty; in compound also very, greatly (˚-) instr. sg. bahunā Dhp.166; nom. pl bahavo Vin.iii.90; Dhp.307, & *bahū …

…Ja.i.437 (˚ṃ saṃharati to draw up troops); Ja.ii.76, Ja.iii.319; Ja.v.124; Ja.vi.224, Ja.vi.451; Dhp-a.i.393; Pp-a 249 *…

…Ja.v.103 sq.

• -haraṇa taking oblations AN.v.79 (˚vanasaṇḍa).

cp. Vedic bali; regarding etym. Grassmann…

…paliyy˚; C explains by avattharati) = Pv.ii.6#1 (= balavanto honti vaḍḍhanti abhibhavanti Pv-a.94); Ja.vi.224 (3^rd pl balīyare; C….

…ca dāsī ca); Dhp-a.i.4 (ghara˚ tie of the house); Kp-a.51 (paṭṭa˚). 3. holding together, composition, constitution Vin.i.96 (sarīra˚)…

to bind etc.

I. Forms

imper bandha DN.ii.350; pl. bandhantu Ja.i.153.
pot bandheyya SN.iv.198; Vin.iii.45
fut bandhayissati Mhvs.24.6;
aor abandhi Ja.iii. …

Bhaddaka^a & Bhadraka^b

1. good, of good quality (opp. pāpaka) AN.iv.169^a.
2. honoured of high repute Ja.iii.269^a (= sambhāvita C.).
3. (m nt.) a good thing, …

(-˚) adjective

1. eating, feeding on DN.iii.41 (sāka˚ etc.); SN.i.69 (pahūta˚ voracious, of fire), SN.i.238 (kodha˚); Pv.i.9#1 (lohita-pubba˚); Pp.55 (tiṇa˚) Sdhp.388 (tiṇa˚).
2. eatable, to be eat …

Bhara-bhara

a word imitating a confused sound MN.i.128; otherwise contracted to babbhara (q.v.).

…in cpd. dubbhara hard to support AN.v.159, AN.v.161 (variant reading dubhara), and subhara easy to…

…maintain Ja.v.260 (mama bharatha, ahaṃ bhattā bhavāmi vo; C. explains as “maṃ icchatha”)
pp bhata See also…

…kuhanā at AN.v.159, AN.v.161-opp. subharatā AN.iv.280.

abstr. fr. bhara

bearing, supporting, maintenance Dhtm.346 (in explⁿ of bhṛ;) Abhp.1053.

fr. bhṛ; Epic Sk. bharaṇa

…heavy with etc. Cp. formations bhār˚, fr. bharati

feeding, food, nourishment, meal Dhp.185; Pp.28, Pp.55; Ja.ii.15; Ja.v.170 (bhatta-manuñña-rūpaṃ for bhattaṃ-); Vism.66 (where 14 kinds enumerated, i.e. sangha˚ uddesa˚ etc.); Sdhp.118
■ ucchiṭṭh …

…property Ja.vi.348; ābharaṇa˚ trinkets, jewelry Ja.iii.221; piya˚ best goods, treasure Ja.iii.279; bahu˚ having many goods, rich in…

1. breaking, rending, breach, disunion, dissension Vism.64 sq. (contrasted with ānisaṃsa), Vism.572 sq (with ref. to upādāna & bhava); Vb-a.185 (id.); Sdhp.66, Sdhp.457, Sdhp.463
   ■ mithu˚; bre …

breaking up, splitting, perishing; destruction Ja.i.392; Ja.v.284; Ja.vi.11; Dhp-a.i.257 (kaṇṇā bhijjan’ ākāra-pattā); Thag-a.43 (bhijjana-sabhāva of perishable nature; explⁿ of bhidura …

…vā bhinna-paṭa-dharaditāya vā)

■ A very comprehensive def. of the term is found at Vb.245–Vb.246, where bhikkhu-ship is…

…AN.i.279; AN.ii.132 (˚parisā), AN.ii.144, AN.iii.109; AN.iv.75; Mil.28; Vb-a.498 (dahara˚, story of) Vv-a.77.

fr. bhikkhu, cp. BSk….

begged food, alms, alms-begging; food Vin.iv.94; Cp.i.1#4; Vv.70#4 (ekāhā bh. food for one day) Mil.16; Pv-a.3, Pv-a.75, Pv-a.131 (kaṭacchu˚); bhikkhāya carati to go out begging food [cp. Sk. bh …

…(sīlaṃ); Ja.vi.345 (pokkharaṇiṃ) and bhedāpeti Vin.iii.42
■ See also bhindana.

bhid, Sk. bhinatti; cp. Lat. findo to split, Goth….

…a torn cloth, in cpd. ˚dhara “wearing a patchwork cloth,” i.e. a bhikkhu (see also s. v. bhikkhu) Thag.1092. *…

Bhisi¹

feminine a bolster, cushion pad, roll Vin.i.287 sq. (cīvara˚ a robe rolled up); Vin.ii.150 Vin.ii.170; Vin.iii.90; Vin.iv.279. Five kinds are allowed in a Vihāra, viz. uṇṇa-bhisi …

…Pv-a.33.

-attharaṇa “earth-spread,” a ground covering, mat carpet Vin.i.48; Vin.ii.208; Vin.iv.279….

…vālikāya uddharaṇaṃ; pabbataṃ pīḷetvā rasassa nīharaṇaṃ. 4. (fig.) in metaphors for the burden of (the factors of…

(-˚) a load, only in cpd. gadrabha˚; a donkey-load (of goods) Ja.ii.109; Dhp-a.i.123.

fr. bhāra

…men who honour the Mahā-Kaccāna).

fr. bhara

adjective

1. loaded, heavy Ja.v.84, Ja.v.477; Mil.261.
2. full of, loaded down with (-˚) Vv-a.314 (sineha˚ hadaya).
3. grievous, serious, sorrowful Pv-a.82 (hadaya).
4. important Mil.240, Mil.311 …

adjective carrying, wearing, only in cpd. mālā˚; (māla˚), wearing a garland (of flowers Ja.iv.60, Ja.iv.82; Ja.v.45; where it interchanges with ˚dhārin (e.g. Vv.32#3; variant reading at Pv-a.211; c …

adjective

1. heavy, weighty, grave serious; always fig. with ref. to a serious offence, either as bhāriyaṃ pāpaṃ a terrible sin Pv-a.195, or bh kammaṃ a grave deed, a sin Dhp-a.i.298, Dhp-a.i. …

…translated as “women’s character,” taking bhāva = attabhāva); usually -˚, denoting state or condition of, and representing an abstr. der….

…adj. one of well-trained character), Vism.267, Vism.400 (+ bahulī-kata); Dhp-a.i.122 (a˚); Thag-a.164 (indriya˚). See foll.

bhāvita +…

…reading doubtful)
■ f. bhāṇikā Vin.iv.285 (Thullanandā bahussutā bhāṇikā); also in cpd….

Pass. to bharati, only in cpd. ppr. anubhīramāna MN.iii.123 (chatta: being brought up,or carried behind) Neumann, M. trsl.²iii.248…

…by one living in a bhūrighara or earth-house“ (?) DN-a.i.97, but cp. Vedic bhūri-karman “much effecting”; and bhūrivijjā DN.i.9,…

…truthful character, neg. a˚ Pv-a.14. -vacana statement of reality or of the truth Snp-a.336….

…is given as one of the characteristic features of the ascetic life Vin.ii.149; Ja.i.9; Dhp-a.i.135.

cp. Sk. vidala in same meaning, fr. vi +…

Bodhi¹

feminine (supreme knowledge, enlightenment, the knowledge possessed by a Buddha (see also sambodhi & sammā-sambodhi) MN.i.356; MN.ii.95 = DN.iii.237 (saddho h …

…happiness Mil.226 (in characterisation of the term “brāhmaṇa”). Brahma & Brahma

cp. Vedic bṛhant, of bṛh² to…

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Brahma & Brahmā

I. Brahman

neuter [cp. Vedic bráhman nt. prayer; nom. sg bráhma]

1. the supreme good; as a buddhistic term used in a sense different from the brahmanic (save in controvers …

Brāhmaṇa¹

a member of the Brahman caste; a Br teacher. In the Buddhist terminology also used for a man leading a pure, sinless & ascetic life, often even syn. with arahant
■ On brāhmaṇas …

…& most comprehensive characterisations of a Buddha, & occurs frequently in the Canon e.g. MN.i.179; SN.ii.69; SN.v.343
■ A khattiya…

…one whose behaviour or character is wisdom Vism.104 (= paññavā).

• -sampanna endowed with (highest) wisdom…

adjective oppressing, harassing, injurious Vism.496 (dukkhā aññaṃ na ˚ṃ); Vv-a.214; Pv-a.175.

fr. bādh

oppressed, pressed hard, harassed Dhp.342 (but taken by C. as “trapped, snared,” baddha Dhp-a.iv.49); Thag-a.65.

pp. of bādhati

…forming the 2^nd characteristic mark of a Mahāpurisa DN.ii.17 DN.iii.143; DN.iii.149
■ Ja.ii.331; Mil.51. 4. an array of troops…

…Expl. constantly by series viharati iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti Cnd.237
■ carāmi loke I move about (= I live) in the world…

…Dhp-a.ii.9. 93.

• -danta having 40 teeth (one of the characteristics of a Mahāpurisa) DN.ii.18; DN.iii.144,…

base of numeral four

1. As num. adj. nom. & acc. m cattāro (Dhp.109; Ja.iii.51) and caturo (Snp.84, Snp.188), f. catasso (Snp.1122), nt. cattāri (Snp.227); gen. m. catunnaṃ (Snp.p.102), (f. catassa …

…(ito ce pi yojanasate viharati even if he lived 100 y. from here DN.i.117) or Conditional (tatra ce tumhe assatha kupitā DN.i.3), or Potential…

…Vin.ii.128 (Bdhgh. celasandhara); MN.ii.93; Dhp-a.iii.136;

• -vitāna an awning Ja.i.178; Ja.ii.289; Ja.iv.378; Mhbv.122;…

…Snp-a.194 (dhātu-gharaṃ katvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ); Kp-a.221; Dhp-a.iii.29 (dhātu˚) Dhp-a.iv.64); Vv-a.142; Sdhp.428,…

… 2. As vice: 3. kinds character of ch
■ With similar expressions: (kāya-ch. sneha anvayatā MN.i.500
■ ch. dosa moha…

…usually as -ṃ saṃharati to make a vol. coll. Vin.iv.250; Ja.i.422; Ja.ii.45, Ja.ii.85 (saṃharitvā variant reading BB; text…

…khura, cp. chārikā → khara

Ashes Vin.i.210; Vin.ii.220; DN.ii.164 = Ud.93; AN.i.209; AN.iv.103; Ja.iii.447; Ja.iv.88; Ja.v.144; Dhp-a.i.256 Dhp-a.ii.68; Vv-a.67; Pv-a.80 (chārikangāra).

Cp. kṣāyati to burn, kṣāra burning; …

…out or invents, in akkhara˚; the grammarian Pv-a.120, nīti˚; the lawgiver ib. Pv-a.130; cp. Divy.212, Divy.451, “overseer.”

cp….

…(cp. citaka²) pokkharaṇiyo iṭṭhakāhi citā DN.ii.178, cp. Vin.ii.123.

• -antaraṃsa “one whose…

…the forehead) Mil.408 (˚dharakumma)

■ f. cittakā a counterpane of many colours (DN-a.i.86 cittikā: vāna citra-uṇṇā-may…

…(Cp ˚vyañjana); -attharaka a variegated carpet DN-a.i.256 -āgāra a painted house, i.e. furnished with pictures a…

…the forehead) Mil.408 (˚dharakumma)

■ f. cittakā a counterpane of many colours (DN-a.i.86 cittikā: vāna citra-uṇṇā-may…

…mark on the forehead in -dhara-kumma a tortoise bearing this mark, a landtortoise Mil.364, Mil.408, cp. Mil trsl. ii.352.

to…

…or mind,“ state of mind, character SN.iii.152; SN.iv.142 (vimutta˚); SN.v.158 (id.); AN.v.145 sq. (upārambha˚) Vb.372 (id.); Vb.359 (amudu˚);…

motion, walking, going; doing, behaviour, action, process Mil.162 (+ vihāra) Dhs.8 = Dhs.85 (= vicāra); Dhs-a.167. usually -˚ (n. adj.): kāma˚ going at will Ja.iv.261; pamāda˚ a slothful life Ja.i. …

Cātur˚

(and cātu˚) consisting of four. Only in compounds viz.

• -(r)anta (adj.) “of four ends,” i.e. covering or belonging to the 4 points of the compass, all-encircling, Ep of the earth: Ja.ii. …

…Vin.iii.263; -ṃ saṃharati to fold it up Vin.i.46
■ Var. expressions referring to the use of the robe atireka˚; an extra robe…

Dabba¹

adjective noun

1. fit for, able, worthy, good, SN.i.187 = Thag.1218, cp. Pss of the Brethren, 399, n. 4 (= Sk. bhavya, cp. Pāṇini v.3, 104 dravyaṃ ca bhavyaḥ)
2. material, subs …

to give, etc.

I. Forms

The foll. bases form the Pāli verb-system: dā, dāy, dadā & di.

1. Bases dā & (reduced); da
   1. dā˚: fut. dassati Ja.i.113, Ja.i.279 Ja.i …

…yanti); Ja.i.88 (daharadahare dārake ca dārikāyo), Ja.i.291 (˚itthī a young wife); Ja.ii.160, Ja.ii.353; Ja.iii.393; Dhp.382;…

Err:501

…of the compass which is characterized through “orientation” by facing the rising sun, & then lies on one’s right:) southern, usually in…

…paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgəta* to express matchless physical beauty: DN.i.114; SN.ii.279; Pv-a.46 etc. Also with abhirūpa &…

adjective firm, strong, solid; steady, fast nt. adv. very much, hard, strongly DN.i.245; SN.i.77; AN.ii.33; Snp.321 (nāvā), Snp.357, Snp.701, Snp.821 (˚ṃ karoti to strengthen), Snp.966 (id.); Dhp.112; …

Daḷhī˚

in kāya-daḷhī-bahula strong in body athletic Vin.ii.76, cp. Com. on p. 313; Ja.iii.310; Ja.iv.219 daḷhīkaraṇa steadiness, perseverance Snp-a.290 (+ ādhāraṇatā), Snp-a.398 (id). In compoun …

ra; (on ṇ: l cp. guṇa: guḷa etc.) to *del as in Sk. dala, dalati. Cp. Lat. dolare to cut, split, work in wood; delere to destroy; Gr.δαίδαλον work of art; Mhg. zelge twig; zol a stick Possibly also …

god, a divine being; usually in pl. devā the gods. As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level. Thus primarily (see 1^a) …

“condition or state of a deva, divinity; divine being, deity, fairy. The term comprises all beings which are otherwise styled devas, & a list of them given at Cnd.308 & based on the principle that any …

adjective

1. to be given (see below)
2. deserving a gift, worthy of receiving alms Ja.iii.12 (a˚); Mil.87 (rāja˚) -nt. a gift offering Vin.i.298 (saddhā˚).

• -dhamma a gift, …

…Cnd.503; Mil.21;

• -dhara (adj.) one who knows the Dh. (by heart); see above C4. combined w. Vinayadhara Vin.i.127,…

…honourable of good character, just, esp. an attr. of a righteous King (rājā cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā) DN.i.86; DN.ii.16;…

…although some passages admit interpretation as “of strong character or good practice, e.g. SN.i.185.

…Snp.1010. See also dhāra.

Sk. dhara, to dhr see dharati

…Dhp-a.ii.68
ppr dharamāṇa living, lasting Ja.i.75 (dh˚e yeva suriye while the sun was still up); Ja.ii.6; Mil.240 Mil.291…

…with Snp.26 (of cows: godharaṇiyo paveniyo = gabbhiniyo Snp-a.39). As n. the Earth Ja.v.311; Ja.vi.526; Mil.34; dharaṇī-ruha Name of a…

…known by heart Vin.ii.95; AN.i.36.

Sk. dhṛta, pp. of dharati; cp. dhara & dhāreti

Dhañña¹

neuter grain, corn. The usual enumⁿ comprises 7 sorts of grain, which is however not strictly confined to grain-fruit proper (“corn”) but includes, like other enum ^…

…Pv-a.131.

Sk. dhṛti to dhṛ; see dharati

…Ja.i.100; ekaṃ dh ˚ṃ nīharati to set aside a foremost part DN-a.i.135. 4. the far end, either as top or beginning Ja.iii.216 (yāva…

…= Vb.350, Vb.370 (+ dhura-sampaggāha); opp nikkhitta-dh. weakness of character, lack of endurance (= pamāda) ibid.

abstr. fr. dhura

…anikkhittadhura Snp-a.236).

cp. Sk. dhuradhara

…them are desirable.

• -dhara mindful of punctiliousness Mil.342 (āraññaka dh. jhāyin).
• -vata the vow…

…of Idg. *dheru, enlarged form of *dher, see dharati

…dhāra to dhāreti; cp. dhara

adjective noun

1. bearing, one who holds or possesses Dhp-a.iii.93 (sampattiṃ).
2. one who knows or remembers AN.ii.97 (˚jātika); AN.iv.296 sq., AN.iv.328 (id.).

1. wearing, in mālā˚ (etc.) DN.i.5 = AN.ii.210 = Pp.58; Kp-a.37 cīvara˚ AN.ii.104 = Pp.45.
2. maintaining, sustaining keeping up Mil.320 (āyu˚ bhojana).
3. bearing in mind, remembrance Vin.iv.305; MN …

1. a debtor (see dhāreti 4) Ja.ii.203; Ja.iv.45.
2. a mnemonician Mil.79.

der. fr. dhāraṇa

1. wearing, being dressed with (= dhāraṇa 1) Mil.257.
2. mindfulness (= dhāraṇa 3) Cnd.628; Dhs.14.

1. memory Mil.79.
2. the earth (“the upholder,” cp. dharaṇī) Ja.vi.180.

to dhāraṇa

one who causes others to remember, an instructor, teacher (cp. dhāraṇaka) AN.iv.196 (sotā sāvetā uggahetā dh.).

n. ag. to dhāreti 3

…dh. pays no tribute); Mil.47 (atthaṃ).

Caus. of dharati, q.v. for etym.

the ceremony of being carried away, i.e. the marriage ceremony, marriage (cp. dhareyya under dharati) Thig.472 (text has vāreyya but Thag-a.285 explains dhāreyya = vivāha).

orig. grd. of dhāreti

…see dhāreti & cp. ˚dhara, ˚dhāra

Dhārā¹

feminine torrent, stream, flow, shower DN.i.74 (sammā˚ an even or seasonable shower; DN-a.i.218 = vuṭṭhi); DN.ii.15 (udakassa, streams) Ja.i.31; Pts.i.125 (udaka˚); Pv.ii.9#70 (sam …

…DN.iii.212; Dhs.1333;

• -ghara “house for a relic,” a dagoba Snp-a.194.
• -cetiya a shrine over a…

1. to run run away, run quickly Snp.939 (cp. Mnd.419); Dhp.344; Ja.i.308; Ja.vi.332; Mnd.405 = Cnd.304#iii.; Pv.iv.16#1 = palāyati Pv-a.284#2; Dhp-a.i.389 (opp. gacchati); Pv-a.4; Sdhp.378.
2. to c …

…fr. dhārayati (see dharati & dhiti); 2 Vedic. dhīra “wise” fr. dīdheti (see dhi²). The…

adjective of the next world, divine, heavenly, celestial, superb magnificent, fit for exalted beings higher than man (devas, heroes, manes etc.), superhuman, opp. mānusaka human. Freq. qualifying the …

…ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati“ (etc. up to 4th) the all-comprehending range of universal goodwill is further denoted by *uddhaṃ adho…

…of divine existence or character, a divine being, in “divi-bhavāni divyāni ettha atthī ti divyā” Snp-a.219; “divi-bhavattā dibbā…

adverb by day SN.i.183; MN.i.125; Dhp.387; DN-a.i.251; Pv-a.43, Pv-a.142, Pv-a.206 (= divasa-bhāge) Often combined & contrasted with rattiṃ (or ratto) by night; e.g. divārattiṃ by day & by ni …

…(pl.) visible signs or characteristics AN.iv.103;

• -maṅgalika (adj.) of puccha, a question…

…khanti ruci laddhi* characterizing “diṭṭhadhamma” at Cnd.299 & passim. Diṭṭhiyā sutiyā ñāṇena in def. of a theory of…

…the 3 main blemishes of character. For defⁿ see Vism.295 & Vism.470. Interpreted at Cnd.313 as “cittassa āghāto paṭighāto…

…vuṭṭhika; (bbhaga bhara, bhāsita, bhikkha; (m)mati, mana, manku mukha, mejjha, medha; (y)yiṭṭha, yuja, yutta (du + r) = du-ratta,…

…Kern,

Toevoegselen

p. 11 s. v. padubbhati). See also dahara & dūbha, dūbhaka dūbhi

…ster. expression “hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya” for a long time it is a source of discomfort & pain AN.i.194 sq.; MN.i.332; DN.iii.157…

…g. (Vin.iii.52; Ja.ii.110) ghara˚; (Ja.iv.142; Pv-a.38) & geha˚; (Pv-a.61) the house door; antepura˚; the door of the inner chamber…

…gifts to the Sangha), in character the buddhistic equivalent of the brahmanic mahāyajña the chief sacrifice. On 16 Mahādānas see Wilson…

…(ñāti˚); Pv.ii.3#21 (ghara˚); Pv-a.46, Pv-a.61, Pv-a.65
■ Cp. kumbha˚.

• -gaṇa a troop of slave-girls…

adjective noun

1. (adj.) long DN.i.17; MN.i.429; SN.i.104 (˚ṃ addhānaṃ); Snp.146, Snp.633 (opp. rassa); Dhp.60 Dhp.409; Pv.i.10#11 (˚ṃ antaraṃ all the time); Pv.ii.9#55 (id.) Thag.646 (˚m-antare); D …

…Kern,

Toevoegselen

p. 11 s. v. padubbhati). See also dahara & dūbha, dūbhaka dūbhi

adjective far distant, remote, opp. āsanna (Ja.ii.154) or santika (Dhs.677; Vism.402)
■ Pv-a.117. Often in compounds (see below), also as dūri˚; e.g. dū …

…an errand Vin.ii.202; ˚ṃ harati to obtain a commission Vin.iii.87; Vin.iv.23.

• -kamma doing a messenger’s duty…

…one man Ja.i.290.

• -pokkhara a sort of drum Ja.vi.21, Ja.vi.580 (C. explains by ek-akkhi-bherī) *…

…dasaṃ uṇṇāmay’ attharaṇaṃ keci ekato uggata-pupphan ti vadanti DN-a.i.87) Vin.i.192; Vin.ii.163, Vin.ii.169; AN.i.181. 2. (fig.)…

…Ja.i.87 (phal˚); Ja.iv.26 (dukkham˚); Pv.ii.9#28 (gharam); Pv-a.132.

Sk. eṣin, of iṣ

…as “eḷa-paggharantena mukhena eḷamūgaṃ” i.e. called eḷamūga because of the saliva (foam?) dripping from its mouth,…

…(one of the physical characteristics of the Superman) DN.ii.17; DN.iii.143 DN.iii.156; MN.ii.136; SN.i.16; Snp.165; -miga the eṇi deer…

…Ja.i.62;

• -pariharaṇa = next Vism.500;
• -parihāra “the protection of the…

cavern Snp.416 (giri˚); Vv.63#5 (giri˚).

Derivation uncertain. Cp. Sk. gahvara

The three formations (described below in the etymology) are represented in Pāli as follows.

1. gacch˚, in
   pres gacchati;
   imper gaccha & gacchāhi;
   pot gacche (Dhp.46, Dhp.224) & gacchey …

an ass, donkey Vin.v.129; MN.i.334; AN.i.229; Ja.ii.109, Ja.ii.110; Ja.v.453; DN-a.i.163
■ f. gadrabhī Ja.ii.340.

-bhāraka a donkey load Ja.ii.109; Dhp-a.i.123 *-[bhāva]( …

…AN.iii.258; Iti.112 (gharaṃ esino gahaṭṭhā) Dhp.404 = Snp.628; Snp.43 (gharaṃ āvasanto, see Cnd.226 for explanation), Cnd.90,…

1. adj. deep, thick, impervious, only in a˚ clear, unobstructed, free from obstacles Vv.18#7 (akanataka +); Mil.160 (gahanaṃ a kataṃ the thicket is cleared).
2. nt. an impenetrable place, a thicket j …

…robe) Vin.i.280 sq.; ˚dhara wearing the householder’s (private man’s) robe (of a bhikkhu) MN.i.31; AN.iii.391 sq.; *…

…ghar (1) Sk. gharghara (gurgling) (2 A^b) gharati (trickle), Sk. ghargharikā (bell); (2 B^b ghurughurāyati (grunt) …

(and gamiya Ja.i.87) adjective going away, setting out for a journey (opp. āgantuka coming back) appl. to bhikkhus only: Vin.i.292 (˚ bhatta food for outgoing bh.); Vin.ii.170 (āgantuka˚), Vin.ii.21 …

…quality (-rūpa, etc.) as characteristic of devas DN.iii.146; Pv.ii.9#58; as sāra˚, pheggu˚ taca˚, etc. (nine qualities in all) in definition…

1. a musician, a singer Ja.ii.249 sq.; Ja.iii.188; Vv-a.36, Vv-a.137.
2. a Gandharva or heavenly musician, as a class (see ˚*kāyika*) belonging to the demigods who inhabit the Cātu …

adjective belonging to the Gandhāra country (Kandahar) f. gandhārī in gandhārī vijjā Name of a magical charm DN.i.213; at Ja.iv.498 it renders one invisible.

1. adj.
   1. lit. heavy, opp. lahu light, applied to bhāra, a load SN.iii.26; Ja.i.196 (= bhārika); Ja.vi.420; Dhp-a.i.48; Sdhp.494 (rūpagarubhāra the heavy load of “form”). Compa …

somewhat heavy.

1. lit. Ja.i.134 (of the womb in pregnancy); Dhp.310; Mil.102. Usually coupled & contrasted with; lahuka, light: in def. of sense of touch Dhs.648; similarly w. si …

gone, in all meanings of gacchati (q.v.) viz.

1. literal. gone away, arrived at, directed to (c. acc.), opp ṭhita: gate ṭhite nisinne (loc. abs.) when going standing, sitting down (cp. gacchati 1) DN …

…element, especially characterized as sugati duggati, a happy or an unhappy existence. gati migānaṃ pavanaṃ, ākāso pakkhīnaṃ gati,…

…(do. variant reading paggharati); Pv.iv.5#3 (assukāni g.). 2. to rain Thag.524 (deve gaḷantamhi in a shower of rain. Cp….

…To this belong Vedic gṛha (house) in P. gaha˚, gihin, geha ghara, & also Vedic harati to seize, hasta hand

…To this belong Vedic gṛha (house) in P. gaha˚, gihin, geha ghara, & also Vedic harati to seize, hasta hand

…Dhp-a.i.291 (gaṇḍiṃ paharati to beat the g.), Dhp-a.ii.54, Dhp-a.ii.244; gaṇḍiṃ ākoṭetvā Kp-a.251. Cp. Avs.i.258 Avs.i.264,…

…Ne.53.

Sk. geha = gṛha, to gṛh, gaṇhāti; cp. gaha, gihin, ghara; see also gedha²

…warm; to *gṷher “warm,” cp. Sk. ghṛṇoti, hara Gr. χέρος, etc.

…(foliage) Pv-a.113; buddharasmiyo Ja.i.12; ˚maṃsa solid, pure flesh Dhp-a.i.80; ˚sāṭaka (thick cloth) Ja.i.292; ˚sañchanna (thickly…

…(abl gharā), Snp.889 (id. gharamhā); Ja.i.290 (id. gharato), Ja.iv.2, Ja.iv.364, Ja.iv.492 (ayo˚); Pp.57; Mil.47. combined with vatthu Pv-a.3,…

house-wife Vin.i.271; SN.i.201; Pv.iii.1#9 (= ghara-sāminī Pv-a.174); Dhp-a.iii.209.

fr. ghara¹

…rassa daṇḍaka-paharaṇa kīḷā, tip-cat); Vin.ii.10 Vin.iii.181; MN.i.266; AN.v.203; Mil.229. 3. a stack of twigs SN.ii.178,…

grass for fodder, pasturing: food Ja.i.511 (˚ṃ kurute); Pv-a.173 (˚atthāya gacchati “go feeding”) Mostly in: -esana search for food (= gocara) SN.i.141; Snp.711
■ Cp. vi˚*-[chada](/define/chada …

adj. from preceding greedy, usually -˚ greedy for, desirous after Pv.iv.10#7 (āhāra˚) f. giddhinī: gāvī vaccha Vin.i.193; SN.iv.181. Cp. also paligedhin.

…-byañjanāni (pl.) characteristics of a layman, or of a man of the world (w. ref. to articles of dress & ornament Snp.44, Snp.64 (=…

…-rājā king of the mountains, of Mount Sineru Mil.21, Mil.224;

• -sikhara mountain top, peak…

, adj.) being able to be paired (of a young cow), or being with calf (?) Snp.26.

ancestry, lineage. There is no word in English for gotta. It includes all those descended, or supposed to be descended, from a common ancestor. A gotta name is al …

…and gahapati-cīvara -dhara)- Snp.710; -antara the (interior of the) village, only in t. t. gāmantaraṃ gacchati to go…

1. = gāma Vin.i.208; Ja.i.199 (Macala˚), Ja.i.253; Ja.iv.431 (cora˚); Pv-a.67 (Iṭṭhakāvatī and Dīgharājī) Dhp-a.ii.25 (dvāra˚).
2. a villager Ja.v.107 (= gāmavāsin).

• -āvāsa an …

…Ja.iv.395 Def. as akkhara-padaniya-mita-ganthita-vacanaṃ at Kp-a.117. For a riddle on the word see SN.i.38. As a style of composition…

customarily given as “a long, storied mansion which has an upper chamber placed on the top,” a larger building, pāsāda, (store-house Vin.i.58, Vin.i.96, Vin.i.239; Vin.ii.146 (with vihāra, aḍḍhayoga …

…see voharati; hattuṃ: see āharati;
fut hāhiti…

taking, seizing, removing Ja.i.117, Ja.i.118, Ja.i.232; DN-a.i.71. kucchi˚; n. filling of the belly Ja.i.277 -bhatta a meal to take along Dhp-a.ii.144.

fr. hṛ.

goods in transit, movable goods Vin.iii.51.

fr. haraṇa

…wax from the ear Vin.ii.135. Cp. hāraka.

fr. haraṇa

…Pres. jihreti
■ The Dhtp (438) gives roots hiri & hara; in meaning “lajjā”

…˚āva˚); Pp.55 -ābharaṇa bracelet Vin.ii.106. -ābhijappana (nt.) incantations to make a man throw up his…

…DN-a.i.147.

• -atthara elephant rug Vin.i.192; DN.i.7; AN.i.181
• -ācariya elephant trainer…

…hair SN.i.115.

pp. of harati

Haṭa²

a kind of water-plant, Pistia stratiotes DN.i.166; MN.i.78, MN.i.156; Pp.55 (text sāta-)…

1. cause, reason, condition SN.i.134; AN.iii.440 sq.; Dhs.595, Dhs.1053; Vism.450 Tikp.11, Kp.233, Kp.239. In the older use paccaya and hetu are almost identical …

adjective noun one who harasses, a robber Ja.iv.495, Ja.iv.498. Cp. vi˚.

fr. heṭheti

harassing DN.ii.243; Vb-a.75.

fr. heṭheti

to harass, worry, injure Ja.iv.446, Ja.iv.471; Pv.iii.5#2 (= bādheti Pv-a.198) ppr. a-heṭhayaṃ Dhp.49; SN.i.21. med. a-heṭhayāna…

indeclinable for, because; indeed, surely Vin.i.13; DN.i.4; Dhp.5; Snp.21; Pv.ii.1#18; Pv.ii.7#10 (= hi saddo avadhāraṇe Pv-a.103); Snp-a.377 (= hi-kāro nipāto padapūraṇa-matto); Pv-a.70, Pv-a.7 …

Hiriyati (hirīyati)

to blush, to be shy; to feel conscientious scruple, to be ashamed Pp.20, Pp.24; Mil.171; Vism.464 (hirīyati); Dhs-a.149.

see harāyati

Hiriyati (hirīyati)

to blush, to be shy; to feel conscientious scruple, to be ashamed Pp.20, Pp.24; Mil.171; Vism.464 (hirīyati); Dhs-a.149.

see harāyati

is fut. of harati.

…(dhana˚) Snp-a.259 (maṃsa˚)
■ mala˚ an instrument for removing ear-wax Tha-ap.303; cp. haraṇī. sattha˚ a dagger carrier…

adjective carrying DN.ii.348.

fr. hāra

adjective

1. taking, carrying (f. hārinī) Ja.i.133; Pv.ii.3#10 (nom. pl. f. hārī); Pv-a.113.
2. robbing Ja.i.204

■ Cp. hāra˚.

fr. hāra

adjective carrying Vv.50#9; Thag-a.200; Vv-a.212.

fr. hāra

see harati.

is Pass. of harati.

Iddha¹

in flames, burning, flaming bright, clear Ja.vi.223 (˚khaggadharā balī; so read for T. iṭṭhi-khagga˚); Dpvs.vi.42.

pp. of iddhe to idh or indh, cp. indhana & idhuma

Iddha<sup …

There is no single word in English for Iddhi, as the idea is unknown in Europe. The main sense seems to be ʻpotency’.

1. Pre-Buddhistic; the Iddhi of a layman The four Iddhis of a king are personal …

…the characteristic of Indra Vism.491.

• -sāla Name of tree Ja.iv.92.

Vedic indra, most likely to same…

…ibid. as sayani-gharassa ummāro, i.e. threshold) SN.v.444 (ayokhīlo +); Dhp.95 (˚ûpama, cp. Dhp-a.ii.181) Thag.663; Ja.i.89;…

…of form and matter “kind, characteristic, determinating principle, sign mark” (cp. woman-hood, hood = Goth. haidus “kind form”). 3. w. ref….

…Thag.276; Ja.iii.498 (= viharati); Mnd.431; Cnd.147 (= carati etc.); Vism.16; DN-a.i.70.

fr. īr to set in motion, to stir, Sk. īrte, but…

1. a holy man, one gifted with special powers of insight & inspiration, an anchoret, a Seer, Sage, Saint, “Master” DN.i.96 (kaṇho isi ahosi); SN.i.33, SN.i.35, SN.i.65, SN.i.128, SN.i.191, SN.i.192 SN …

…padapāripurī akkharasamavāyo etc.“ Mnd.123 = Cnd.137. The same expl^n. also for iti’ haṃ (see below iv.)

I. As…

…unstable MN.i.318 (opp. dīgharattaṃ); AN.ii.187; Ja.i.393 Ja.iii.83 (˚dassana = khaṇika˚ C.), Ja.iv.112 (˚vāsa temporary abode);…

…Ja.iv.38. Some general characterisations of womanhood: 10 kinds of women enumerated at Vin.iii.139 = AN.v.264 = Vv-a.72 viz. mātu-rakkhitā,…

…Ja.iv.38. Some general characterisations of womanhood: 10 kinds of women enumerated at Vin.iii.139 = AN.v.264 = Vv-a.72 viz. mātu-rakkhitā,…

Iṭṭhi˚

in ˚khagga-dhāra at Ja.vi.223 should be read iddha.

…Dāvs.v.32;

• -dhara cp. jalandhara rain-cloud; the sea Mil.117;
• -dhi = preceding Dāvs.v.38

Sk. jala, conn. with gala drop…

inhabited country, the country (opp. town or market-place), the continent politically: a province, district, county DN.i.136 (opp nigama); DN.ii.349; AN.i.160, AN.i.178; Snp.422, Snp.683, Snp.995, Sn …

…being reduced in length of vowels = jant-āghara

…-ghara the house of age (adj.) like a decayed house Thig.270 (= jiṇṇagharasadisa Thag-a.213). *…

the leg, usually the lower leg (from knee to ankle) DN.ii.17≈(SN.i.16 = Snp.165 (eṇi˚); Snp.610; Ja.ii.240; Ja.v.42; Ja.vi.34; Thag-a.212). In compounds jangha (except in janghā-vihāra).

• *-[umma …

the belly Mil.175. Jannu(ka)

Vedic jaṭhara, to *gelt = *gelbh (see gabbha), cp. Goth. kilpei uterus, Ags. cild = E. child

…antelope’s hide (worn by ascetics) Snp.1010 (˚dhara), cp. above Ja.i.12;

• -dharaṇa the wearing of matted hair…

…kṣāyati to burn, kṣāy & kṣī, cp. khara & chārikā

to shun, avoid, loathe, detest, to be disgusted with or horrified at (c. instr.) DN.i.213 (iddhi-pāṭihāriyena aṭṭiyāmi harāyāmi j.): AN.iv.174 (kāyaduccaritena); Snp.215 (kammehi pāpakehi; Snp-a.266 …

…& pahūta-jivhatā the characteristic of possessing a prominent tongue (as the 27th of the 32 Mahāpurisa-lakkhaṇāni) DN.i.106 = Snp.p.107;…

…Thag-a.213 (-ghara a tumble-down house); Pv-a.40 (-goṇa = jaraggava), Pv-a.55 (of a roof). Cp. ˚tara Ja.iv.108. 2. digested…

1. light, splendour, radiance SN.i.93; AN.ii.85; Vv.16#2.
2. a star: see compounds
3. fire SN.i.169; Thag.415; Ja.iv.206; sajotibhūta set on fire SN.ii.260; AN.iii.407 sq.; Ja.i.232.

• *-[parāyaṇa]( …

…given on p. 557).

• -dhara (jutin˚) carrying or showing light, shining resplendent, brilliant SN.i.121; Ja.ii.353;…

…ñatta); DN-a.i.86 (akkhara˚); Vism.391 (˚atthāya in order to know), Vism.436 (= pajānana). Cp. ājānana. ajānana…

…-jāta (nt.) characteristic; pada˚ pedal character SN.i.86; anga˚ the sexual organ Vin.i.191; as adj. having become… (= bhūta);…

…parentage. The 1st of the 5 characteristics constituting a “well-bred brahmin: yāva sattamā pitāmahāyugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho…

…MN.i.225; dabba AN.i.254; mukhara˚ Snp.275; viññū˚ Snp.294; māna Ja.i.88. 2. descended from, being of rank, belonging to the class of:…

to live be alive, live by, subsist on (c. instr. or nissāya). Imper pres. jīva Snp.427, very freq. with ciraṃ live long… as a salutation & thanksgiving. ciraṁ jīva Ja.vi.337 c. jīvāhi Snp.1029 Pv.ii.3 …

(individual) life, lifetime, span of life; living, livelihood (cp jīvikā) Vin.ii.191; SN.i.42; SN.iv.169, SN.iv.213; MN.ii.73 (appaṃ) AN.i.155, AN.i.255; AN.iii.72; AN.iv.136 (appakaṃ parittaṃ); Snp.1 …

adjective always in combination with āhāra, food “made into a ball,” i.e. eatable, material food, as one of the 4 kinds of food (see stock phrase k˚ āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā… at …

…and -pavara-pacc. attharaṇa (nt.) the hide of the k. deer, used as a rug or cover DN.i.7 = AN.i.181 = Vin.i.192 = Vin.ii.163, Vin.ii.169;…

…Ja.iii.289; fig. pure of character Ja.iii.290. kaddamīkata made muddy or dirty, defiled Ja.vi.59 (kilesehi).

• -odaka…

…kakkhalaṃ kharagataṃ kakkhaḷattaṃ kakkhaḷabhāvo); Vism.349 (= thaddha), Vism.591, Vism.592 (˚lakkhaṇa); Dhp-a.ii.95;…

…Com. explⁿ sikhara, kūṭa) AN.iii.34 (= AN-a.620 ~kūṭa). Cp. satakkaku & Morris, J.P.T.S. 1891–⁠93, 5.

Brh. kakud, cp….

adjective any indistinct and confused noise Mhbv.23 (of the tramping of an army); in -mukhara sounding confusedly (of the ocean) ibid. 18. Cp karakarā.

cp. Sk. kala

the white esculent water lily Ja.v.37; Dpvs.xvi.19.

cp. Sk. kahlāra, the P. form to be explained as a diaeretic inversion kalhāra → kallahāra

…1 of virtuous character, of good conduct, virtuous Vin.i.73; Vin.iii.133; SN.v.352; Pp.26; Iti.96; Pv.iv.1#35 Mil.129; Dhp-a.i.380;…

…(sheaves) of a crop, given away as alms Dhp-a.i.98

• -sammasanā grasping (characteristics) by groups Vism.287, Vism.606, Vism.626 sq.

cp….

…Ja.v.207;

• -pariharaka a wristlet or bracelet Vv-a.167.

cp. Sk. kambu, Halāyudha = śankha; Dhtp. saṃvaraṇe

…on the agent or bearing his characteristics; disposition, character. Esp. in phrase kammena samannāgata “endowed with the quality of acting in…

…(evam-) of such character SN.i.204 kurūra-k˚ (adj.) of cruel character AN.iii.383 = Pp.56 (in def. of puggalo orabbhiko); sammā˚;…

…is of such & such a character: āya˚; revenue-overseer, treasurer Dhp-a.i.184 sabba˚; (always with ref. to amacca, the king’s…

to cause to fit, to create, build, construct arrange, prepare, order.

I. lit

1. in special sense: to prepare, get done, i.e. harness: Ja.i.62; plait DN-a.i.274, an offering (yaññaṃ) Snp.1 …

adjective

1. (cp. kappa ii.1^a) according to rule, right, suitable, fitting, proper, appropriate (Pv-a.26 = anucchavika paṭirūpa) Ja.i.392; DN-a.i.9; Pv-a.25 Pv-a.141
   ■ a˚; not r …

…one of the 4 qualities of character significant of a human being who has attained enfranchisement of heart (ceto-vimutti) in the 4 sentiments…

…Ja.v.314; -ṃ samannāharati to concentrate one’s mind on the k. Ja.iii.519.

-āyatana the base or object of a…

whip Vin.i.99 (in Uddāna); MN.i.87, etc.; Dhp.143; Mil.197
■ -kasāhi tāḷeti to whip lash, flog as punishment for malefactors here, as well as in Niraya (see kamma-karaṇā) MN.i …

…habit, or “like, of such character.” The qualification is either made by kamma, deed, work, or kicca,…

…tiṇṇa-vicikiccho viharati akathankathī kusalesu dhammesu DN.i.71 = Pp.59 jhāyī anejo a˚ Dhp.414 (: Dhp-a.iv.194) = Snp.638. *…

kathesi,
inf kathetuṃ & kathetave (Vin.i.359);
pass kathīyati & katheti (Mil.22, cp. Trenckner, Notes 122);
ppr Pass. kathīyamāna & kacchamāna (AN.iii.181);
grd kathetabba, kathanīya & kacch …

1. talk talking, conversation AN.i.130; Pv-a.39. So in antarā˚ DN.i.179; Snp.p.107, Snp.p.115; cp. sallāpa. Also in tiracchāna˚; low, common speech, comprising 28 kinds of conversational talk a b …

1. bronze Mil.2 magnified by late commentators occasionally into silver or gold. Thus Ja.vi.504 (silver) and Ja.i.338; Ja.iv.107 Ja.vi.509 (gold), considered more suitable to a fairy king
2. a bronze …

…the coating of red powder characteristic of the best rice Mhvs.5, Mhvs.30; Anvs.27 (akaṇaṃ karoti to whiten the rice). Cp. kākaṇa.

*…

1. the portion of a stalk or cane between one knot and another; the whole stalk or shaft; the shaft of an arrow, an arrow in general MN.i.429 (two kinds of arrows: kaccha & ropima, cp kaṇḍa-cittaka); …

…latter passage ˚ikaṃ paharati means to impinge on the ear (said of the wind); ˚ikaṃ bhindati (= bhindanto viya paharati) to break the…

…gīvūpagasīsūpagādi-ābharaṇāni). Esp. in loc. kaṇṭhe round the neck, with ref. to var. things tied round, e.g. kuṇapaṃ k…

…with sakkhara at DN.i.84 = AN.i.9, and in simile at AN.i.253. As f. combined with kaṭṭha at…

…ii.148; iii.92.

• -attharaṇa the dedication of the k. cloth Vin.i.266 see next.
• -atthāra…

hip, waist Vin.iii.22, Vin.iii.112; Cnd.659; Ja.iv.32; Mil.418. In compounds also kaṭa (q.v.).

• -thālaka a cert. bone on the small of the back Ja.vi.509.
• *\ …

…tikhiṇa, ghora (of niraya); often combined with khara opp. madhura, e.g. Pv-a.119

…Iti.90 = Ja.i.482.

• -atthara a mat made of twigs (cp kaṭasāra) Ja.v.197, Also as -attharika (& ˚kā) Ja.vi.21;…

…-kalāpā (pl. (atimanohara˚) beautiful tresses Pv-a.46; -kalyāṇa beauty of hair Dhp-a.i.387
■ kārika…

Kesara¹

a mane, in -sīha a maned lion Ja.ii.244; Snp-a.127.

Kesara²

filament of flowers, hairy structures of plants esp. of the lotus; usually of kiñjakkha …

…of unsettled character unreliable, deceitful Pv-a.241. -sīlaka id. Ja.ii.447
■ pañca citta-keḷiyo = pañca…

…attharaṇā “elephants’ trappings interwoven with gold” Vv-a.104; of a chair, inlaid with pearls Ja.i.41; of a…

…their origin they are characterized as chandamūlakā “rooted in desire, or in wilful desire” SN.iii.100; cp. yo kho… pañcas’…

…(adj.) one whose character is compassion and loving forbearance Ja.i.151, Ja.i.262; Pv-a.66 (+ yuttakāra) Vv-a.71 (in…

…(adj.) one whose character is compassion and loving forbearance Ja.i.151, Ja.i.262; Pv-a.66 (+ yuttakāra) Vv-a.71 (in…

…a conch Ja.vi.580.

• -ssara of rough sound SN.ii.128.

cp. Sk. khara

Khara²

water Ja.iii.282.

Sk. kṣara

roughness AN.i.54; Pv-a.90 (in explⁿ of pharusa).

fr. khara

…upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati “he keeps himself uprooted and half-dead” i.e. he continues to lead a life of false ideas AN.i.105 =…

nom. also khattiyāse Ja.iii.441. A shortened form is khatya Ja.vi.397
■ f. khattiyā AN.iii.226–⁠AN.iii.229, khattī DN.i.193, and khattiyī. A member of one of the clans or tribes recognised as of Ary …

waste, destruction, consumption decay, ruin, loss; of the passing away of night Vv-a.52 mostly in applied meaning with ref. to the extinction of passions & such elements as condition, life, & rebirth …

digging Mil.351 (pokkharaṇi˚).

fr. khaṇ

…okkantikā, ubbegā pharaṇā (see pīti) Vism.143, Dhs-a.115.

• -citta temporary or momentary…

…and vatthu explained ghara˚, koṭṭhaka˚, pure˚, pacchā˚, ārāma˚, vihāra without ref. to aṇṇa.) SN.ii.41; Snp.769. Together…

an enclitic particle of affirmation & emphasis indeed, really, surely; in narration: then, now (cp kira); in question: then, perhaps, really. Def. as adhikār’ antara-nidassan’ atthe nipāto Kp-a.113 …

Khura¹

the hoof of an animal Vv.64#10 (of a horse = turagānaṃ khuranipāta, the clattering of a horse’s hoof Vv-a.279), cp. Sk. kṣura, a monkey’s claw Sp. Avs.i.236.

khura-kāse MN.i.44 …

any alkaline substance, potash, lye. In combination with ūsa (salt earth) at SN.iii.131 (-gandha) AN.i.209
■ Used as a caustic Pv.iii.10#2; Sdhp.281. See also chārikā.

• -āpatacchika a means of …

adjective sharp or dry, said of the buds of the Pāricchattaka AN.iv.117 sq.

fr. khāra

Khārika¹

alkaline, in enumⁿ of tastes (cp. rasa) at SN.iii.87; Dhs.629 and ≈.

adj. to khāra

Khārika²

of the khārī measure, in vīsati˚ kosalako tilavāho AN.v.173 = …

certain measure of capacity (esp. of grain, see below khārika). It is used of the eight requisites of an ascetic, and often in conn. with his yoke (kāja): “a khārī-load.”

• -kāja …

…AN.iii.389; Vism.261 (˚paharaṇ’ aggi), Vism.342 (˚magga); Snp-a.334
■ jhāma˚ a burnt stump (as characteristic of kālaka) SN.iv.193 …

…guessed It is aoristic in character (cp. Sk. sma). In questions it is dubitative, while in ordinary statements it gives the appearance of…

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

…guessed It is aoristic in character (cp. Sk. sma). In questions it is dubitative, while in ordinary statements it gives the appearance of…

…praise, in ˚hara receiving or deserving praise DN.iii.191; cp. ˚bhatā Mnd.147.

Vedic kīrti, *qer: cp. Gr. καρκαίρω,…

…praise, in ˚hara receiving or deserving praise DN.iii.191; cp. ˚bhatā Mnd.147.

Vedic kīrti, *qer: cp. Gr. καρκαίρω,…

…sticks or adheres to the character of a man, and which he must get rid of, if he wants to attain to a higher moral condition. Def. as the 3…

…of what conduct, in comb. with;

• -sīla of what character Snp.324 (= Snp-a.331).

nt. of rel. pron. ka

Kilesa & klesa

stain, soil, impurity, fig. affliction; in a moral sense, depravity, lust. Its occurrence in the Piṭakas is rare; in later works, very frequent, where it is approx. tantamount to our t …

anger. Nearest synonyms are āghāta (Dhs.1060 = Cnd.576 both expositions also of dosa), upanāha (always in chain rāga, dosa, moha, kodha, upanāha) and *[dhūma]( …

…foll
■ vaṇṇa-pokkharatā i.e. light colour as becoming a man of good family. Kern

Toevoegselen

s. v. quite unnecessarily interprets…

shrub and its flower Ja.v.473 (˚dāma, so read for karaṇḍaka), Ja.vi.536; as Npl. in Koraṇḍaka-vihāra Vism.91.

= kuraṇḍaka

1. a sheath for a needle Ja.iii.282.
2. a bowl, container, or vessel for food Ja.i.349 (variant reading kesaka); MN.ii.6, MN.ii.7, (-˚āhāra adj. living on a bowl-full of food; also aḍḍha˚) Vism.263. …

…of Snp.121); Dhp-a.i.70 (pharasunā)

pp koṭṭita
caus koṭṭāpeti to cause to beat, to massage Vin.ii.266;…

…i.e. room over the gate: gharaṃ satta-dvāra-koṭṭhakapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ “a mansion adorned with seven gateways” Ja.i.227 =…

(der. fr. kuha) a hole, a cavity; lit. a hidingplace Dāvs i.62.

…bad doing, misconduct, bad character. Def. kucchitaṃ kataṃ kukataṃ tassa bhāvo kukkuccaṃ Vism.470 & Bdhd 24
■ Various explanations…

dog. usually of a fierce character, a hound AN.iii.389 AN.v.271; Ja.i.175 sq.; Ja.i.189; Pv.iii.7#9; Sdhp.90. In similes SN.iv.198; MN.i.364;…

…of good birth. As second characteristic of a Brahmin (with sujāto as 1st) in formula at DN.i.93 DN.i.94≈; Vin.i.15, Vin.i.43, Vin.i.185,…

crate, basket work, a kind of raft, a little basket Ja.vi.64.

• -vihāra (adj.) the state of being like one who has found a raft (?) Vin.ii.304 (cp. Bdhgh uttānavihāra ibid. p. 33 …

1. a round jar, waterpot (= kulālabhājana earthenware Dhp-a.i.317), frequent in similes, either as illustrating fragility or emptiness and fullness: AN.i.130, AN.i.131 = Pp.32; AN.v.337; SN.ii.83; Mi …

tortoise SN.iv.177 (+ kacchapa); MN.i.143; Ja.v.489; Mil.363, Mil.408 (here as land-tortoise cittaka-dhara˚).

Vedic kūrma

junket, usually with odana, boiled rice. In formula of kāya (cātummahābhūtika etc., see kāya) DN.i.76 = MN.ii.17 and ≈; in enum. of material food (kabaḷinkārâhāra) …

1. the kusa grass (Poa cynosuroides) Dhp-a.iii.484: tikhiṇadhāraṃ tiṇaṃ antamaso tālapaṇṇam pi; Dhp.311; Ja.i.190 (= tiṇa); Ja.iv.140.
2. a blade of grass used as a mark or a lot: pātite kuse “when t …

…good qualities of character SN.ii.206; MN.i.98; AN.iv.11 sq.; AN.v.90 sq.; AN.v.123 sq.; Pp.68, Pp.71; Vb.105; Pts.i.101, Pts.i.132;…

pail or pot, in phrase kuṇḍipaddhana giving a pailful of milk. Ja.vi.504 (Kern

Toevoegselen

s.v. compares phrase Sanskrit kāṁsy’ôpadohana, proposes reading kuṇḍ’ opadohana ‣See also kaṁsupadhāra …

An axe, a hatchet Vin.iii.144; SN.iv.160, SN.iv.167; MN.i.233 = SN.iii.141 AN.i.141; AN.ii.201; AN.iv.171; Ja.i.431; Dhp-a.iii.59; Pv-a.277 Purisassa hi jātassa kuthārī jāyate mukhe “when man is bor …

…straight Vv.16#7 (-magga).

• -bhāva crookedness of character Vism.466; Pv-a.51; Vv-a.84.
• -a˚ uprightness Bdhd 20.

crookedness, falseness, in a˚, uprightness of character Dhs.50, Dhs.51; Dhp-a.i.173.

fr. kuṭila

…light, and it is therefore characteristic of all phenomena or beings belonging to the realm of darkness, as the night, the new moon, death ghosts,…

…Vb.375. This set of 10 characteristics is followed by kām-ogha, kāma-yoga kām-upādāna at Cnd.200, cp. Vism.141 (kām-ogha ˚āsava,…

to construct, to build, etc.; pp. kārita; der. -kārāpaṇa the construction of (vihāra˚ Dhp-a.i.416. For details see karoti iv.; see also *[kārāpaka](/define/ …

…environment & by which his character is judged, viz action, the three being kāya, vacī (vāca) and manas. These three; kammantas, activities or…

…light, and it is therefore characteristic of all phenomena or beings belonging to the realm of darkness, as the night, the new moon, death ghosts,…

…spot (of hair) Ja.v.197 (= kaṇha-r-iva)
■ Fig. of character Dhp-a.iv.172.

fr. kāḷa

…Vv i.¹ (= sikhara); aṃsa˚ shoulder clavicle, Vv-a.121, Vv-a.123 pabbata˚ mountain peak Vin.ii.193; Ja.i.73. Cp. koṭa 2. the…

1. to be ashamed or abashed, to be modest or bashful Pv-a.48 (for harāyati)
   ppr lajjamāna Dhp-a.i.188; Pv-a.88;
   fut lajjissati Ja.iii.218;
   inf lajjituṃ Dhp …

…having the marks (of) characterized by, of such & such character AN.i.102 (kamma˚; bāla˚ & paṇḍita˚, together with…

to mark, distinguish, characterize Ne.30
pp lakkhita
■ Cp. upa˚.

Denom. fr. lakkha

(& lena) neuter

1. a cave (in a rock), a mountain cave, used by ascetics (or bhikkhus) as a hermitage or place of shelter, a rock cell. Often enumerated with kuṭi guhā, e.g. Vin.iv.48; Mil.151; Vb. …

1. carved, cut, worked (in ivory etc.), in cpd. saṅkha˚ brahmacariya the moral life, like a polished shell DN.i.63; SN.ii.219, explained at DN-a.i.181 as “likhita-sankha-sadisa dhota-sankha-sap …

…(by), to get stained (in character Snp.250, Snp.547, Snp.625, Snp.778, Snp.913, Snp.1040; cp. Snp.71 (alippamāna ppr.)
pp…

…86). 2. mark of sex, sexual characteristic, pudendum (male as well as female, as neither m. nor f.) Vin.iii.35 (purisa˚); Ja.v.197…

…lingati) Thig.398 (= ālingetvā Thag-a.260). See ā˚. 2. to characterize: see ul˚.

Denom. fr. liṅg

adjective having or being a characteristic Vism.210 (of nāma); Kp-a.107 (id.).

fr. linga

…greed; (adj.) (of) greedy character MN.i.91; MN.iii.37; DN.i.224, DN.i.230; SN.iv.111; AN.iii.350; Ja.iv.11.

• -mūla the root…

…to this world, the character of evanescence is inherent in it; referring to the universe in a wider sense, it implies infinity, though not…

longing, eagerness, greed Mil.93; Snp-a.35 (āhāra˚).

fr. lola

…(ekeka˚, uddhagga˚, in characteristics of a Mahāpurisa); SN.ii.257 (asi˚, usu˚, satti˚ etc.) AN.ii.114; Vin.iii.106 (usu˚ etc.); Snp.385;…

…& thus be characteristic of outward appearance. We do not exactly see how the term; caturaṅga is used here
■ Cp….

taking away, cutting off; as tt. g. apocope, elision (of the final letter) Vb-a.164 (sabba-loka-vohāra˚); Snp-a.12, Snp-a.303, Snp-a.508; Vv-a.79 often in anunāsika˚; dropping of (final) ṃ …

…AN.iv.203.

• -sakkhara a salt crystal (cp. ˚phala), a (solid) piece of (natural) salt SN.ii.276 (in simile, cp….

…= luddaka); Ja.iii.432 (Bharata by name) Pp.56 (māgavika, sākuṇika, l., macchaghātaka etc. explained by dāruṇa kakkhaḷa at Pp-a.233);…

…a miserable, offensive character (opp. siniddhapuggala) Vism.132; Vb-a.282.

• -ājīvin leading a hard or rough life DN.i.161; DN.iii.44,…

…Pgdp.ii.49
■ maccharaṃ (nt.) avarice envy AN.iv.285; Snp.811, Snp.862, Snp.954 (vīta-macchara, adj.).

Vedic matsara & matsarin…

Maccharāyitatta (nt.) the condition of selfishness, both expressions in defⁿ of macchariya at Dhs.1122; Pp.19, Pp.23; Dhs-a.375.

to be selfish, greedy or envious Ja.vi.334; Dhp-a.ii.45, Dhp-a.ii.89.

Demon. fr. macchariya

the God of Death, the Buddhist Māra, or sometimes equivalent to Yama SN.i.156; Snp.357 (gen. maccuno), Snp.581 (instr maccunā), Snp.587; Thag.411; Dhp.21, Dhp.47, Dhp.128, Dhp.135, Dhp.150 Dhp.287; Vb …

…sometimes more def. characterised with phrase mada-matta elated with the pride or intoxication of… (-˚). e.g. AN.i.147 (yobbana˚,…

…Ja.vi.529 (= madhuṃ paggharanto C.). Kern,

Toevoegselen

s. v. unnecessarily reads as ˚atthika which he takes = ˚aṭṭhika. *…

1. worthiness, venerableness Mil.357.
2. a (religious) festival (in honour of a Saint, as an act of worship) Mhvs.33, Mhvs.26 (vihārassa mahamhi, loc.); Vv-a.170 (thūpe ca mahe kate), Vv-a.200 (id.) …

…etc. Ja.iv.482 (opp. dahara young); Vv.46#1 (= mahanto Vv-a.199); Dhp-a.i.7, Dhp-a.i.278; Dhp-a.ii.4, Dhp-a.ii.55, Dhp-a.ii.91;…

adjective great, extensive, big important, venerable
■ nom. mahā Snp.1008; Mhvs.22, Mhvs.27. Shortened to maha in cpd. pitāmaha (following a …

…Mhvs.5, Mhvs.54.

• -dhara mountain Mil.343; Mhvs.14, Mhvs.3; Mhvs.28, Mhvs.22 (variant reading mahin˚)
• -pa king (of…

…Snp.216 (contrasted with dahara young & thera old). 3. often used adv. in loc.; majjhe in the middle; i.e.

1. as prep in between, among (-˚…

impartiality, indifference, balance of mind Cnd.166 (in explⁿ of upekkhā with syn. passaddhatā); Vb.230; Vism.134; Vb-a.285 (satta˚ & sankhāra˚), Vb-a.317 (def.); Dhs-a.133.

abstr. from prec.

anything impure, stain (lit. & fig.), dirt. In the Canon mostly fig. of impurities. On mala in similes see J.P.T.S., 1907, 122
■ SN.i.38 (itthi malaṃ brahmacariyassa), SN.i.43 (id.); AN.i.105 (issā˚ …

…of flowers Vv.1#1 (-dhara); Vv.2#1; Ja.v.188 (puppha˚), Ja.v.420. The reading at Pv.iii.3#3 (pahūta˚, adj. having many rows of flowers)…

adjective [onomat. cp. babbhara. With Sk. marmara rustling to Lat. fremo to roar = Gr. βρέμω to thud, βροντή thunder, Ger. brummen. Cp….

…Ja.vi.432; Snp-a.358. -hara charming, captivating beautiful Mhvs.18, Mhvs.49; Name of a special gem (the wishing gem?)…

…Ja.vi.432; Snp-a.358. -hara charming, captivating beautiful Mhvs.18, Mhvs.49; Name of a special gem (the wishing gem?)…

…Ja.iii.415; nidhi-uddharana˚ (of finding secret treasures), Ja.iii.116; catukaṇṇa (four-cornered), Ja.vi.392, etc. 4. advice, counsel,…

…Mhvs.29, Mhvs.8; Dpvs.19, 2; Mil.197 (pāsāṇa, sakkhara, khara, m.).

etym.?

adj. nt. shaking up, crushing, harassing, confusing Mil.21 (+ maddana); Dhp-a.i.312; Pv-a.265.

fr. math

…matheti to agitate, crush, harass, upset (cittaṃ SN.iv.210; Snp.50 (= tāseti hāpeti Cnd.492); Pv.iv.7#1 (kammānaṃ vipāko mathaye manaṃ;…

…Mhvs.80 (sīsa˚); Yugandhara˚ Mil.6; Dhp-a.ii.3 (uddhana˚).

• -āsin sitting on top (of the mountain) Ja.vi.497 (= pabbata-matthake…

…food-stuff, food Ja.iii.523; utu˚ something like a (change in) season Vism.395; sīla˚ character, having sīla as substance (or…

…DN.ii.227 (one of the 8 characteristics of Brahmā’s & the Buddha’s voice: see bindu & aṭṭhanga); Ja.ii.150
■…

stand, (tripod) for a bowl, formed of sticks Vin.ii.124 (= daṇḍ’ ādhāraka Bdhgh on p. 318).

prob. dialectical for māḷaka: cp. mallaka

adjective auspicious prosperous, lucky, festive Mnd.87, Mnd.88; Kp-a.118 sq. Snp-a.273, Snp-a.595; Sdhp.551
■ nt. maṅgalaṃ good omen auspices, festivity Snp.258; Vin.ii.129; Pv-a.17. A curious …

…is doubted by Walde, Lat. Wtb. s. v. monile, where see other suggestions For further characterisation of maṇi cp. Zimmer,…

Maṭṭa & Maṭṭha

wiped, polished, clean, pure

1. maṭṭa: DN.ii.133 (yugaṃ maṭṭaṃ dhāraṇīyaṃ: “pair of robes of burnished cloth of gold and ready for wear” trsl.); Vism.258 (variant r …

Maṭṭa & Maṭṭha

wiped, polished, clean, pure

1. maṭṭa: DN.ii.133 (yugaṃ maṭṭaṃ dhāraṇīyaṃ: “pair of robes of burnished cloth of gold and ready for wear” trsl.); Vism.258 (variant r …

adjective intelligent, wise, often combined with paṇḍita & bahussuta;: DN.i.120; SN.iv.375; AN.iv.244; Vin.iv.10, Vin.iv.13, Vin.iv.141; Snp.323 (acc. medhāvinaṃ + bahussutaṃ), Snp.627, Snp.1008 (E …

sort of intoxicating liquor, spirits, rum, usually combined with surā. DN.i.146 DN.i.166; MN.i.238; Pp.55; Dhp.247; Ja.iv.117 (pupphāsav-ādi, i.e. made fr. flowers, cp. def^{n</s …}

…chindati, nillopaṃ harati, ekāgārikaṃ karoti, paripanthe tiṭṭhati, paradāraṃ gacchati, musā bhaṇati“ at Mnd.144);…

…cp. magga, meaning, when characterised by another attribute “wild animal” in general, animal of the forest; when uncharacterised usually…

…the strange sounds of a foreign tongue cp. babbhara & mammana

adjective noun

1. mixed, combined Ja.ii.8 (phalika˚ rajata-pabbata mountain of silver mixed with crystal); Vb-a.16 (lokiya-lokuttara˚); usually ˚-, like -āhāra mixed food Dhp-a.ii.101; *-upp …

measured, in measure DN.i.54 (doṇa˚ a doṇa measure full); Snp.300 (bhāgaso m. measured in harmonious proportions, i.e. stately); Pv.i.10#13 (id.) Ja.iii.541
■ amita unlimited, wit …

…types: añña-d-atthu-hara, vacī-parama, anuppiyabhāṇin apāya-sahāya, i.e. one who takes anything one who is a great talker, one who…

wisdom, character, self-possession Snp.540 (˚patha = ñāṇa-patha Snp-a.435), Snp.718, Snp.723; Mnd.57 Cnd.514 A (= ñāṇa & paññā);…

…of a muni, muni-hood; good character, moral perfection This is always represented as 3 fold, viz. kāya˚, vacī˚ mano˚ (see under…

…= SN.i.137; Ja.iv.265 (Yugandhara˚); Pv.ii.9#61 (Naga˚ = Sineru˚ Pv-a.138) Vism.304 (vammika˚ on top of an ant-hill)
■ Freq in phrase…

Muddikā¹

feminine a seal ring, signet-ring, fingerring Ja.i.134; Ja.iii.416; Ja.iv.439; Dhp-a.i.394; Dhp-a.ii.4 (a ring given by the king to the keeper of the city gates as a sign of au …

…refers to an unevenness in character, a flaw of character. The passage (with var. spellings) is always the foll.:…

club, hammer, mallet Ja.i.113; Ja.ii.196, Ja.ii.382; Ja.v.47; Ja.vi.358; Mil.351; Vism.231; Dhp-a.i.126; Dhp-a.ii.21; Pv-a.4, Pv-a.55 (ayo˚), Pv-a.56 (˚pahāra), Pv-a.66, Pv-a.192. The word is s …

1. the mouth Snp.608, Snp.1022 (with ref. to the long tongue, pahūta-jivha, of the Buddha or Mahāpurisa) Ja.ii.7; DN-a.i.287 (uttāna˚ clear mouthed, i.e. easy to understand, cp. DN.i.116); Pv-a.11, …

…Thag.955; Snp.275; Ja.iii.103; Dhp-a.ii.70 (ati˚); Pv-a.11-opp. amukhara MN.i.470; Thag.926; Pp.35; Mil.414.

cp. Sk. mukhara; fr. mukha

talkativeness, garrulousness, noisiness Dhp-a.ii.70.

fr. mukhara

…on the 3 fold division of character as revealed in action, speech & thought (kāya˚, vacī˚, mano˚). Just as these 3 are in general exhibited…

…only in one stock phrase “bharaiḥ motaiḥ piṭakaiḥ” at Divy.5, Divy.332, Divy.501, Divy.524. The more likely solution, however, is that…

pearl Vv.37#7 (˚ācita); Pv.ii.7#5 (+ veḷuriya); Mhvs.30, Mhvs.66. Eight sorts of pearls are enumerated at Mvu. 11, 14, viz. haya-gaja-rath’ āmalakā valay’anguli-veṭhakā kakudha-phala-pākatikā, i …

I. Forms

The 2 bases muñc˚ & mucc˚; are differentiated in such a way, that muñc˚; is the active base, and mucc˚; the passive. There are however cases where the active forms (muñ …

adjective bald, shaven; a shaven, (bald-headed) ascetic, either a samaṇa, or a bhikkhu or (f.) bhikkhunī SN.i.175 (m. sanghāṭi-pāruta); Vin.iv.265 (f.); Snp.p.80 (= muṇḍita-sīsa Snp-a.402)
■ *ka …

having forgotten, one who forgets; only in two compounds, viz. -sacca [der. fr. foll. muṭṭha + sati + ya] forgetfulness, lit. forgotten-mindedness, usually combined with asampajañña, DN.iii.213; …

Mālaka (Māḷaka)

a circular (consecrated) enclosure, round, yard (cp. Geiger, Mvu. trsl. 99: “m. is a space marked off and usually terraced within which sacred functions were carried out. In the Mah …

…of flowers Ja.ii.104. -dhara wearing a wreath Ja.iii.179 (ratta˚, see also above). -dhārin wearing a…

death; usually personified as Np. Death, the Evil one, the Tempter (the Buddhist Devil or Principle of Destruction) Sometimes the term māra is applied to the whole of the worldly exi …

adjective consisting of months DN.ii.327 (dvādasa˚ saṃvacchara the year of 12 months).

= māsika

mother
■ Cases: nom. sg mātā Snp.296; Dhp.43; Ja.iv.463; Ja.v.83; Ja.vi.117; Cnd.504 (def. as janikā); gen. mātu Thag.473; Vin.i.17; Ja.i.52 mātuyā Ja.i.53; Mhvs.10, Mhvs.80; Pv-a.31; and * …

…(Dhamma-dhara, Vinaya-dhara, Mātikā-dhara; here equivalent to Abhidhamma); Vism.312 (so pañcavasso hutvā dve mātikā paguṇaṃ katvā…

Māḷaka

a stand, viz. for alms-bowl (patta˚) Vin.ii.114, or for drinking vessel (pānīya˚ Ja.vi.85.

a Non-Aryan word, although the Dhtm.395 gives roots mal & mall; in meaning “dhāraṇa” (see under …

Mālaka (Māḷaka)

a circular (consecrated) enclosure, round, yard (cp. Geiger, Mvu. trsl. 99: “m. is a space marked off and usually terraced within which sacred functions were carried out. In the Mah …

adj. nt.

1. (adj.)
   1. (-˚) being caused by, having its reason through or from, conditioned by originating in Vb.390 (taṇhā˚ dhammā); Tikp.233 sq. Tikp.252 sq., Tikp.288 sq. & passim; Vb-a.200 sq …

river; often characterised as mahā˚ in opp to kun˚ rivulet; pl. nadiyo also collect. “the waters
■ DN.i.244 (Aciravatī nadī); SN.ii.32,…

…Assayuja [Sk. Aśvinī] Bharaṇī, Kattikā, Rohiṇī, Magasiraṃ [Sk. Mṛgaśīrṣa] Addā [Sk. Ārdrā], Punabbasu Phussa [Sk. Puṣya],…

bent on, disposed to (-˚), able or capable of Ja.iii.392 (pabbajjāya-namita-citta); Mil.308 (phalabhāra˚).

pp. nameti

…taṃ aṭṭhārasa-vidhaṃ sammāvattuṃ vattantī ti attho.

see nittharati; does any connection exist with…

guide, conductor; support (= nettika²) Iti.37 (āhāra˚-pabhava), Iti.38 (bhava˚), Iti.94 (netticchinna bhikkhu = Arahant). Cp. nettika² dhamma˚, bhava˚.

Vedic netrī, f. to netṛ

…(to enter into), ˚ccharati (nis to car to go forth), ˚ddhamati (throw out), ˚pajjati (result from), ˚bbattati (vatt spring out…

…āsavānaṃ khayā viharanti* AN.iv.83; kodhaṃ pahatvāna parinibbiṃsu anāsavā (are completely cooled) AN.iv.98 *āsavakhīṇo…

1. to extinguish, put out, quench SN.i.188 (mahārāgaṃ); Iti.93 (rāg-aggiṃ; & nibbāpetvā aggiṃ nipakā parinibbanti); cp. aggiṃ nijjāleti Ja.vi.495; Pv.i.8#5 (vārinā viya osiñcaṃ sabbaṃ daraṃ nibbāpaye …

1. to be cooled or refreshed, to be covered up = to be extinguished, go out (of fire), to cease to exist, always used with ref. to fire or heat or (fig.) burning sensations (see *[nibbāna](/define/nib …

…of the evanescent character of all things mental or material is one of the primary conditions of attaining right knowledge (:…

to go out or forth from, to rise, sound forth, come out Iti.75 (devasadda) Vv.38#2; Ja.i.53, Ja.i.176; Dhp-a.i.389; Vv-a.12, Vv-a.37 (saddā). Caus. nicchāreti to make come o …

emanation, sending out, expansion, efflux Vism.303.

fr. niccharati

…ti bāhāya vā rukkhe vā paharati-nicchedeti (chid) is pardonable because of Prk chollai “to cut.” Cp. also nicchubhati with variant…

to throw out Ja.iii.512 (= nīharati Com.; variant reading nicchurāti); Mil.187
pp nicchuddha q.v.

Sk. *niḥkṣubhati, nis + khubhati or…

Caus. of niccharati, q.v.

…apposition, attribute characteristic; sign, term DN.i.223 (a˚ with no attribute), DN.iii.217 (id.); SN.iv.370 (id.); AN.iv.305 sq. (nīla˚,…

…Sk. nirdhāraṇa (estimation), but to be read as nittharaṇa (see nittharaṇa²).

…nidhi, def. of n.), 9 (acorâharaṇo nidhi cp. “treasures in heaven, where thieves do not steal” Matt. 6, 20) Sdhp.528, Sdhp.588. 2. “putting…

…Pv-a.7 (udaka-dāna-nīharaṇa-n˚), Pv-a.97 (n-gata dhana = hoarded, accumulated), Pv-a.132 (˚ṃ nidhessāmi gather a treasure);…

adjective without acquisitions, i.e. poor Ja.ii.367 (variant reading BB. as gloss nirāhāra).

Sk. *nirgahaṇa, cp. nirgṛha homeless; nis + gahaṇa

see nīharati.

…belonging to ketu “sign, characteristic, mark,” and niketa-sārin would have to be taken as “following the banner or flag of…,” i.e….

…suvaṇṇassa pañcadasa-dharaṇaṃ nikkhan ti vadanti) SN.ii.234 (suvaṇṇa & singi˚); Ja.i.84 (id.); AN.iv.120 (suvaṇṇa˚); Vv.20#8…

1. to lay down (carefully), to put down, to lay (an egg) Vin.ii.114; Iti.13, Iti.14 (Pot. nikkhipeyya); Pp.34; Ja.i.49 (aṇḍakaṃ)
2. to lay aside, to put away Vin.i.46 (patta-cīvaraṃ) AN.i.206 (daṇḍaṃ …

to deprive of the marks or characteristics (of virility), to castrate Thig.437 (= purisa-bhāvassa lacchana-bhūtāni bījakāni nillacchesi…

adjective without scratches, without edges (?) Vin.ii.123 (of jantāghara).

nis + lekha

plundering, plunder DN.i.52; AN.i.154; Mnd.144 (˚ṃ harati); Cnd.199#7; Tikp.167, Kp.280; DN-a.i.159.

cp. Sk. nirlopa, nis + lup

…outward appearance, mark, characteristic, attribute phenomenon (opp. essence) DN.iii.249; AN.i.256; AN.iii.319 AN.iii.375 sq.; AN.iv.33, AN.iv.418…

adjective noun

1. (adj.) bent down (cp ninnata), low-lying, deep, low, sunken Ja.ii.3 (magga) Pv-a.29 (bhūmibhāga), Pv-a.132 (ṭhāṇa); esp. freq. as-˚ bent on, inclining to, leading to, aiming at, …

…of ni +…

…(feelings of) enjoyment (characteristic of 3rd jhāna, q.v.) DN.i.75; AN.i.81. 2. being unloved, a foster child etc. (?) see…

…the foll. may be quoted as characteristic: SN.i.152 (10 nirayas); MN.iii.183; AN.i.141 Snp.p.126 = AN.v.173; Mnd.404 sq. = Cnd.304#iii.c; Ja.iv.4…

oppression, suppression; destruction, cessation annihilation (of senses, consciousness, feeling being in general: sankhārā). Bdhgh’s explⁿ of the word is: “ni-saddo abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo c …

adjective not harassed (burnt) or afflicted (by pain or harm) Thig.512.

nis + upatāpa

adjective without food, not eating, fasting Ja.iv.225; Sdhp.389.

nis + āhāra

deposit (of merit or demerit), accumulation, effect (of kamma Snp.953 (= Mnd.442 abhisankhārā).

Sk. ni-saṃskṛti, ni + saṃ + kṛ.

…a mat to sit on Vin.i.295 Vin.ii.123 (˚ena vippavasati); SN.v.259 (˚ṃ gaṇhāti). -paccattharaṇa a mat for sitting on Vin.i.47, Vin.i.295;…

to cross over, get out of, leave behind, get over DN.i.73 (kantāraṃ). pp nittiṇṇa q.v. Caus. nitthāreti to bring through, help over Cnd.630 (nittāreti).

…

…nis + taraṇa, cp. nittharati

Nittharaṇa²

neuter “strewing or being strewn down,” putting down, carrying, bearing SN.iv.177…

passing over, rescue, payment, acquittance, in -ṃ vattati to be acquitted, to get off scot-free MN.i.442 (variant reading netth˚, which is the usual form). See netthāra.

Sk. nistāra; nis + tār …

…(as variant reading; text has nitiṇṇa); Cnd.278 (t.). Cp nittharati.

Sk. nistīrṇa, nis + tiṇṇa

see nittharati.

…(in a former life),“ characterising the faculty of remembering one’s former birth DN.i.13, DN.i.15, DN.i.16 DN.i.81; SN.i.167, SN.i.175,…

Niyyādeti & niyyāteti & nīyādeti

(to) give (back), give into charge, give over, assign, dedicate, to present, denote SN.i.131 (niyyātayāmi); SN.iv.181 (sāmikānaṃ gāvo), SN.iv.194; Ja.i.30 Ja.i.66, Ja …

Niyyādeti & niyyāteti & nīyādeti

(to) give (back), give into charge, give over, assign, dedicate, to present, denote SN.i.131 (niyyātayāmi); SN.iv.181 (sāmikānaṃ gāvo), SN.iv.194; Ja.i.30 Ja.i.66, Ja …

No¹

indeclinable affirm. & emphatic part. = nu (cp. na¹): indeed, then, now Snp.457, Snp.875, Snp.1077; Ja.v.343 (api no api nu), Ja.v.435 (= nipātamattaṃ p. 437 …

…combination hatthi-nāga characterising “a Nāga elephant”) & freq. as symbol of strength & endurance (“heroic”). Thus epithet of the…

name.

1. Literal. nom. nāmaṃ SN.i.39; Snp.808; Ja.ii.131; Mil.27; acc. nāmaṃ Pv-a.145 (likhi: he wrote her name)
   ■ nāmaṃ karoti to give a name Snp.344 Cnd.466 (n’ etaṃ nāmaṃ mātarā kataṃ on “ …

(nt. m.) diversity, variety, manifoldness, multiformity, distraction; all sorts of (opp. ekatta, cp. MN.i.364: “the multiformity of sensuous impressions,” M.A.). Enumⁿ of diversity as nānat …

…(sūci˚, cp. sūcighara, needle-case) DN.i.7 (= bhesajja˚ DN-a.i.89); AN.i.210; Ja.i.123 (taṇḍula a nāḷi full of rice);…

to take out, to throw out, drive out Ja.i.150, Ja.i.157; Ja.iii.52; Ja.vi.336; Cnd.199#7 (ni˚); Vv-a.222 Vv-a.256; Pv-a.73, Pv-a.254; Mil.8, Mil.219. aor. nīhari DN.i.92; Ja.i. …

taking out, carrying away, removing DN-a.i.296; Pv-a.7.

fr. nīharati

…of impurity or removal of stain).

pp. of nīharati = Sk. nirhṛta

way, manner Vin.i.13; Ja.i.127; Dhp-a.iv.7. At Vin.i.13 also in nīhāra-bhatta (= nīhāraka).

cp. Sk. nirhāra

adjective noun one who carries away Vin.i.13 (nīhāra-bhatta); SN.v.12, SN.v.320, SN.v.325 (piṇḍapāta).

fr. nīhāra, cp. nīharaṇa

Niyyādeti & niyyāteti & nīyādeti

(to) give (back), give into charge, give over, assign, dedicate, to present, denote SN.i.131 (niyyātayāmi); SN.iv.181 (sāmikānaṃ gāvo), SN.iv.194; Ja.i.30 Ja.i.66, Ja …

to carry away or off, to take off
pp obhata.

ava + bharati, cp. Sk. avabharati = Lat. aufero

…a circlet of cloth on her head“?).

pp. of obharati

…Vism.41; Pv-a.276 (˚ṃ pharati to emit a radiance); Sdhp.325. With nimitta and parikathā at…

…Sk….

place for putting something down or into a receptacle Vin.i.204 (salāk˚, vy. ll. and gloss on p. 38 as follows: sālākāṭṭhāniya A, salākātaniya C, salākadhāraya B, salāk’odhāniyan ti yattha salākaṃ oda …

…Path SN.i.193 (˚assa nittharaṇatthaṃ); SN.iv.257; SN.v.59; It iii.(˚assa nittharanatthāya); faith SN.i.214 = Snp.184 = Mil.36; mindfulness…

…ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkharaṇiṃ) ger. ogāhetvā MN.iii.175 (T. ogah˚; variant reading ogāhitvā); Pv-a.287 (lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ,…

…ogāheti Pv-a.155 (pokkharaṇiṃ) ger. ogāhetvā MN.iii.175 (T. ogah˚; variant reading ogāhitvā); Pv-a.287 (lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ,…

…ūhacca); Pv.ii.6#6 (imper ohara = ohārehi Pv-a.95); Dhp-a.iv.56 (see ohārin). See also ava˚.

caus 1…

Avaharati & oharati

to steal Ja.i.384; Pv-a.47 (avahari vatthaṃ), Pv-a.86 (id., = apānudi)
pp avahaṭa (q.v.).

ava…

lit. “taking away”, leading astray, side-track, deviating path Ja.vi.525 (C.: gamana-magga) Cp. avaharaṇa.

fr. oharati

1. put down into, deposited Dhp.150.
2. put down, laid down, taken off, relieved of, in phrase ohitabhāro (arahaṃ) (a Saint) who has laid down the burden: see arahatta iii. C.; …

adjective noun one who is left behind (in the house as a guard) Vin.iii.208; Vin.iv.94; SN.i.185 (vihārapāla).

fr. ohīyati, avahiyyati

see avahāra & cp.; vohāra.

taking down, cutting off (hair) Ja.i.64 (kesa-massu˚).

fr. ohāreti, cp. avaharaṇa

…(see oharati 1) Vin.i.48; Pv-a.95. 3. to cut down, shave off (hair; see oharāpeti under oharati) Iti.75 (kesamassuṃ…

adjective noun dragging down, weighty, heavy Dhp.346 (= avaharati heṭṭhā haratī ti Dhp-a.iv.56).

fr. avaharati

strength, but only in meaning of strength-giving, nutritive essence (appl; ^d. to food). MN.i.245 SN.ii.87 SN.v.162 (dhamm’) AN.iii.396 Ja.i.68 Dhs.646 Dhs.740, Dhs.875 Mil.156 Dhp-a.ii.15 …

to take off, loosen, release; unfasten, undo, doff DN.i.126 (veṭhanaṃ as form of salute); Ja.ii.326 Ja.vi.73 (sāṭakaṃ); Vism.338; Pv-a.63 (tacaṃ); Vv-a.75 (ābhāraṇāni)
caus omuñcāpeti to cause t …

adjective characterising a sensation of pain: attacking suddenly, spasmodic, acute; always in connection with ābādha or…

adjective having the characteristic of being born without parents, as deva Ne.28 (upādāna).

= opapātika

…as “khata-pokkharaṇī viya hutvā” DN-a.i.298 = Ja.v.174
■ Vin.i.236; DN.i.137; MN.i.379; AN.iv.185; Vv.65#4; Pv.iv.1#60;…

kind of strainer, a filter Vin.ii.119.

fr. of tharati

to spread over, spread out, cover Mil.121 (opp. paṭikkamati, of water). See also avattharati.

o + tharati, Sk. root str

spreading over, veiling Mil.299 (mahik˚).

fr. ottharati

…Sdhp.246 (-˚). Otthata = Otthata

pp. of ottharati

adjective gross, coarse, material, ample (see on term Dhs trsl. 208 & Cpd. 159 n. 4) DN.i.37, DN.i.186 sq (attā), DN.i.195, DN.i.197, DN.i.199; MN.i.48, MN.i.139, MN.i.247; MN.ii.230; MN.iii.16 MN …

…the sphere of pa-may be characterised in foll. applications:

1. forth, forward, out: papatati fall forward, i.e. down; ˚neti bring forth (to);…

…matthaka DN-a.i.226). -sānu m
■ glen Vv.32#10 (cp. Vv-a.136) -sikhara mountain-crest…

adjective belonging to mountains, mountain-born (of a river) AN.iii.64 (nadī p˚ā sīghasotā hārahārinī); AN.iv.137 (id.); Vism.231 (id.), Vism.285 (nadī).

fr. pabbata

…(Nibbāna˚)-; apabbhara (sic.) not slanting or sloping Ja.v.405 (= samatittha C.). 2. (m. & nt.) a cave in a mountain Mil.151; Ja.v.440;…

…out or away, removing, banishment exiling DN.i.135; DN.iii.93; Mil.357; Dhp.i.296 (= nīharaṇa); Dhp-a.iv.145.

fr. pa + Caus. of vraj,…

…out of the kingdom; = nīharati DN-a.i.258); MN.ii.122; Dhp.388 (attano malaṃ pabbājayaṃ, tasmā pabbajito ti vuccati) Dhp-a.iv.145…

production, origin, source, cause MN.i.67; SN.i.181; SN.ii.12; Iti.37 (āhāra-netti˚); Snp.728, Snp.1050; Nd ii.under mūla (with syn. of sambhava & samuṭṭhāna etc.); Ja.iii.402 Ja.vi.518.

fr. pa + ; …

…opening Vv-a.183; akkhara˚ breaking up of letters, word-analysis, phonology DN.i.88 (= sikkhā ca nirutti ca DN-a.i.247 = Snp-a.447) …

…= Dhp.143 (= nindaṃ apaharanto bujjhati Dhp-a.iii.86; trsl. KS 13 “forestalleth blame”). Caus. pabodheti

1. to…

adjective noun adj. adjoining, bordering on, neighbouring, adjacent Dhp.315; Ja.i.11 (v.47, ˚desa), Ja.i.377 (˚vāsika); Pv-a.201 (˚nagara); Dhp-a.iii.488 (id.); Sdhp.11 (˚visaya). (m.) the border, o …

something spread against, i.e. under or over, a cover, spread, rug, cushion or carpet to sit on bedding of a couch (nisīdana˚) Vin.i.47, Vin.i.295, Vin.i.296 Vin.ii.208, Vin.ii.218; DN.i.7 (kadali-mi …

lit. resting on, falling back on, foundation cause, motive etc. See on term as t.t. of philosophy Tikapaṭṭhāna I, foreword; J.P.T.S. 1916, 21 f.; Cpd. 42 sq. & esp. 259 sq.

1. (lit.) support, req …

1. to break up, cut short, put an end to Vin.iv.272; Ja.i.119 (kathaṃ ˚itvā), Ja.i.148 (kathaṃ ˚ituṃ); Ja.iv.59; Pv-a.78 (dānavidhiṃ ˚i).
2. to bring up (food), to vomit Dhp-a.i.183 (āhāraṃ).

pa + chindati

…ii.151 “to wipe down”).

paṭi + uddharati

taking up, casting (the lot) again Vin.iv.121.

paṭi + uddhāra

recite in reply Thig.40.

paṭi + ud + ā + hṛ.

to bring back, take back Vin.ii.265; Vin.iii.140; Ja.iv.304.

paṭi + āharati

to cause to be cooked, to cook Vin.iv.264; Ja.i.126 (āhāraṃ); Ja.ii.15 (bhattaṃ), Ja.ii.122.

Caus. of pacati

…is contrasted with akkhara (word), when it is said that the Majjhima Nikāya consists of 80,523 padas and 740,053 akkharas

■ Neg….

…regional or limited characteristics Kv.283

• -vassin raining or shedding rain only locally or over a (limited) district…

…& guarding one’s character. These 4 are mentioned at DN.iii.225; AN.ii.16; Pts.i.84; Pts.ii.14 sq. Pts.ii.56, Pts.ii.86, Pts.ii.166,…

…at Thag.842 (see pattharati)
■ padhārehi (variant reading F.) at Snp.1149 read dhārehi
■ padhārita in…

…a l. leaf Mnd.135 (= pokkhara); Dhp-a.iv.166 (= pokkhara-patta).

• -puñja a l. cluster Ja.iii.55. *…

…meaning of “attainment, characteristic attribute”. AN.i.102 (bāla˚ & paṇḍita˚) Ja.i.97 (sotāpattimagg’ ādi˚) Pv-a.71 (anubala˚)…

…+ gharati, which stands for kṣarati, also appearing as jharati, cp. Sk. nirjhara, Prk. pajjharati Mālatī-M. p.51BSk. pragharati Divy.57,…

…Ja.i.146; Ja.vi.187 (a˚); f. -ī DN.i.74 (= bindubinduṃ udakaṃ paggharati DN-a.i.218); the ʻmark’ of liquid Dhs-a.332.

fr….

adjective flowing, trickling, oozing out Ja.vi.187 (app˚-velā), Ja.vi.531; Dhp-a.i.126 (lohitaṃ); Vism.262.

fr. paggharati

flowing, trickling SN.ii.179; Thig.466; Pv-a.198 (khīra).

pp. of paggharati

covered terrace before a house Vin.ii.153 (“paghanaṃ nāma yaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca pādehi hananti. tassa vihāra-dvāre ubhato kuṭṭaṃ niharitvā katapadesass’ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ” Bdhgh, quoted *Vin …

…Pv-a.4; freq. in phrase accharaṃ p. to snap one’s finger, e.g. Ja.ii.447; see accharā¹.
aor…

striking, beating Snp-a.224; Pv-a.285.

fr. paharati

adjective striking, hitting Ja.i.418.

fr. paharaṇa

…etc.) Ja.i.278 Ja.ii.102 (pharasuṃ); Dhp-a.i.253 (khuraṃ pahaṃsi sharpened the razor; corresponds to ghaṭṭeti in preceding context) …

…is to be corrected to paṭaha.

pp. of paharati

…pa + hṛ; Class. Sk. prahāra, see paharati

see abhi˚.

adjective striking, assaulting Ja.ii.211.

fr. paharati

…sg. aor. of paharati; found at Vv.29#8 (musalena = pahari Vv-a.113); and also 3rd sg. aor of…

…-jivhatā the characteristic of a large tongue Snp.p.107.

• -dhañña having many riches Ja.iv.309. *…

adjective scattered about; fig. miscellaneous, particular, opp. to sādhāraṇa Kp-a.74; cp. Cpd. 13, 95²; Vism.175 (˚kathā), Vism.317 sq. (id.)
■ As Np. name of the xiv^th book …

bordering, trimming Ja.vi.223 (of a carriage).

cp. Sk. prakṣara & prakhara “ein Panzer für Pferde” BR.

…naḷo is perhaps better read ātāpe paditto), Pv-a.153 (pokkharaṇiyaṃ p.).

pp. of pakkhipati

…B, 205, cp. Ja.ii.95 (ghara˚); Kp-a.39 (enumerated as set of dasa palibodhā which are also given and explained in detail at Vism.90 sq.);…

…(kathan kathāhi = mocehi uddhara etc. Cnd.407#a), 1146 (pamuñcassu = okappehi etc. Cnd.407#b)

pass pamuccati to be…

… ■ adj. (-˚) of characteristic of the character of, measuring or measured by, taking the standard of, only in cpd. rūpa˚ measuring by…

fallen, gone, gone down; also: creeping only in foll. compounds:

• -ga a snake Thag.429 (˚inda chief of snake-demons) Ja.v.166; Mil.23.
• -gandha with gone down (i.e. deterio …

…sign or characteristic of obsession Snp.874 (cp. Snp-a.553; = taṇhā˚ diṭṭhi˚ and māna˚ Mnd.280), Snp.916 (=…

…to which it stands in a similar relation as *ghur (P.) to *ghar (Sk.) or phurati → pharati. From same root Gr. φυσάω to blow and…

adverb adjective

1. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the further side of (with abl. or loc.), over Pv-a.168 (para Gangāya, variant reading ˚āyaṃ). See in same meaning & application paraṃ, paro and parā & c …

at SN.v.441 is to be corrected to pharasu˚.

Pari˚

indeclinable prefix, signifying (lit. around, round about; (fig.) all round, i.e. completely altogether. The use as prep. (with acc. = against, w abl. = from) has entirely disappeared in Pāli …

…pariharati for paricarati, e.g. at Dhp-a.ii.232; cp. paricāreti for ˚hāreti Pv-a.175; paricaraṇā for ˚haraṇā…

…another form of paricāriyā) Pv.iv.1#2 (= indriyānaṃ pariharaṇā Pv-a.219; gloss -cāraṇā).

…wife); Ja.vi.259; Mil.244 (āhara˚ abstinence in food), Mil.313 (id.). 3. belongings, property, possessions DN.ii.58; DN.iii.289 = AN.iv.400;…

…(sukha˚, variant reading for ˚parihaṭa). 2. an armlet, bracelet Vv-a.167 (variant reading ˚haraṇa; explained as hatthālaṅkāra.) See…

…pariharati in same meaning e.g. Avs.i.193, Avs.i.205. 2. to carry about DN.ii.19 (ankena); MN.i.83; Snp.440 (muñjaṃ…

1. protection, care Vism.500 (gabbha˚); Kp-a.235; DN-a.i.207 (kāya˚); Dhp-a.ii.179 (kāyassa).
2. keeping up, preservation, keeping in existence; in phrase khandha˚; Dhp-a.iii.261, Dhp-a.iii.405 …

…hiding, deceiving Vb.358 = Pp.23.

= pariharaṇa

necessity of guarding Vism.98.

abstr. fr. grd. of pariharati

…in good fortune Vin.iii.13 (corr. sukhedhita accordingly!); Ja.ii.190 (pariharaka variant reading BB); Ja.vi.219 (= sukhe ṭhita).

pp. of…

…primitive hop-scotch“).

fr. pari + hṛ; cp. pariharati

adjective noun surrounding, encircling; a guard AN.ii.180.

fr. pari + hṛ.

…explained as kāya-pariharaṇa-mattakena & kucchi˚ at DN-a.i.207 correct reading accordingly); MN.i.180; MN.iii.34; Pp.58 Vism.65…

adjective taking care of, (worth) keeping SN.iv.316 (udaka-maṇika).

fr. parihāra

…explⁿ Snp-a.253; see also Brethren 226) Snp.205 = Thag.453.

Pass. of pariharati, Sk. parihriyate in development ˚hriyate →…

“doing round,” i.e. girdle, loincloth Ja.iv.149; Dhp-a.i.352
■ In cpd. ovāda˚ it is variant reading SS at DN.i.137 for paṭikara (q.v.).

fr. pari + kṛ; a similar formation …

to surround, serve, wait upon, do service for Ja.iv.405 (= parivāreti C.); Ja.v.353 (id.), Ja.v.381 Ja.vi.592. Cp. parikara & parikkhāra.

pari + kṛ.

…as “idañ c’ idañ ca āharathā ti vatvā tattha balikamma-karaṇaṃ”). The BSk. form appears to be parīkṣā, as seen in phrase…

…about or worried, to be harassed, to get into trouble SN.i.39 (trsl. “plagues itself”); AN.ii.177 AN.iv.186; Snp.820 (variant reading Nd…

*Parikkharoti